Predictive Role of Subcutaneous Pressure Measurement in Determining Early Surgical Intervention for Cellulitis of the Leg

Abstract

Cellulitis, a common bacterial skin infection, primarily affects the lower limbs and can escalate into serious complications, including compartment syndrome, if not managed promptly. Traditional assessment methods rely on clinical observation, but these can be subjective and may not always accurately predict the need for surgical intervention. This study investigates subcutaneous pressure measurement as an objective, quantitative method for evaluating cellulitis severity and predicting early surgical intervention requirements. Conducted at Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, Karad, this prospective observational study included 52 patients with unilateral cellulitis of the leg below the knee. Subcutaneous pressure measurements were collected from affected and unaffected legs using the Stryker intracompartmental pressure monitor. Results indicated significantly elevated subcutaneous pressure in cellulitis-affected limbs, with statistical analysis showing a meaningful difference (p < 0.001) compared to normal limbs. The study supports existing literature suggesting that high subcutaneous pressure correlates with severe inflammation and increased risk for compartment syndrome, underscoring its potential as a predictive marker for early surgical intervention. Subcutaneous pressure measurement offers a promising, real-time diagnostic tool that enhances traditional clinical assessment and supports evidence-based decision-making. By incorporating this measurement into cellulitis management protocols, clinicians could improve diagnostic accuracy, identify high-risk cases earlier, and ultimately reduce morbidity associated with cellulitis-related complications. Future studies should aim to establish standardized pressure thresholds and validate protocols for widespread clinical use, potentially transforming how cellulitis severity and treatment needs are assessed.