Journal of Neonatal Surgery

Community-Based Services for Child Survivors of Sexual Violence

2025-06-17T07:27:07+00:00

Background: Sexual violence against children is a complicated social problem that has psychological and social consequences for victims. A community-based approach to safeguarding and supporting children who have experienced sexual assault is the provision of refuge.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine how shelters in Makassar City handle cases of sexual abuse against children, taking into account the services' efficacy, difficulties encountered, and effects on survivors and the community.

Method: This research employs a case study methodology in conjunction with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. Nine individuals served as research informants, including survivors of childhood, members of the Shelter, survivor families, and representatives of associated organizations.

Results: Shelters play a major role in assisting, preventing, and educating children about sexual violence. Shelters not only offer protection but also play a crucial role in facilitating legal processes, supporting psychosocial recovery, and providing education on positive parenting within the community. Nonetheless, difficulties in inter-agency coordination and the lack of long-term monitoring continue to pose significant barriers to the effectiveness of services.

Conclusion: Shelters play a crucial role in tackling sexual violence against children by employing a community-based strategy. Improved inter-agency coordination and long-term monitoring of survivors are needed to ensure sustainable recovery.

Herbal Interventions for Arthritis: Insights from Aegle Marmelos and Momordica Cymbalaria

2025-07-05T09:48:26+00:00

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent inflammation, joint degradation, and systemic complications. Current treatment regimens, while effective, often come with adverse effects and limited long-term applicability. Therefore, the exploration of plant-based therapeutic alternatives with minimal toxicity is of significant interest.This study explores the anti-arthritic potential of two medicinal plants, Aegle marmelos and Momordica cymbalaria, widely known for their traditional therapeutic applications. Fruits from both plants were collected, shade-dried, and subjected to successive solvent extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. The percentage yield varied with each solvent, with ethanolic extracts showing the highest yield. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of bioactive constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, saponins, and terpenoids—compounds known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.The in vitro anti-arthritic activity was evaluated using protein denaturation assays involving bovine serum albumin and egg albumin. Denaturation of proteins is a primary mechanism in inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis, and agents that prevent this process can serve as potential anti-arthritic drugs. Both plants exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation. Notably, the ethanolic extract of Aegle marmelos demonstrated the highest inhibition (88%) in the bovine serum albumin model, closely comparable to the standard diclofenac sodium (95%). Similarly, Momordica cymbalaria ethanolic extract showed significant inhibition (up to 77%) at 500 µg/mL concentration.These results highlight the therapeutic potential of both plants in managing arthritis through protein stabilization mechanisms. The presence of multiple phytochemicals in the extracts may contribute synergistically to the observed effects. The findings support the ethnomedicinal use of these plants and lay the groundwork for further studies, including in vivo evaluations and isolation of active constituents, to validate and develop effective, plant-based anti-arthritic agents.

Interpretation Of Microbiopsies in Cytological Smears and Histopathological Correlation

2025-07-18T16:53:25+00:00

Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a quick and inexpensive technique in which the smears prepared, contain well preserved tissue fragments known as tissue micro-biopsies, which provide information on tissue architecture and contribute to the tumor diagnosis.

Aim: To study significance of tissue microbiopsies in fine needle aspiration cytology and its histopathological correlation.

Methods: A prospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology. 186 cases were examined between February 2023 to January 2024. 160 cases that had well preserved tissue fragments were included in the study.

Results: Of the 160 cases 78% cases of FNAC were done conventionally. 22% of the cases with deep seated lesions along with all thyroid lesions were done under USG guided and remaining 6% under CT guided.

The organs with highest yield of microbiopsies were lymph nodes 50; (31.2%), followed by breast 46;( 28.7%), thyroid 30;(18.8%), soft tissue; 20(12.5%), salivary gland; 6(3.8%), lung 2;(1.25%), liver 2;(1.25%), oral cavity 2;(1.25%), ovary 1;(0.6%) and bone 1;(0.6%). Out of 160 cases, 85 cases (53.1%) were malignant, 43 benign (26.9%) and 32 cases (20%) were inflammatory lesions. Among 85 malignant tumors, 70 (82.3%) cases were primary and 15 (17.7%) cases were metastatic tumors.

Conclusion: FNAC smears containing tissue microbiopsies are helpful in diagnosing benign, inflammatory and malignant lesions. It also helps in predicting possible primary sites in cases of metastatic tumors which would be difficult by cytology alone. Therefore, technique can be employed to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC, without increasing any financial burden on patients.

Reprofiling Of Ormeloxifene For Its Neuroprotective Activity Against Monosodium Glutamate And Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity In Rats

2025-07-05T21:25:51+00:00

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and Aluminium chloride (AlCl₃) are known to induce neurotoxicity, which can lead to cognitive deficits and neuronal damage. Due to the neuroprotective role of Ormeloxifene, it is evaluated against chemically (MSG) and (AlCl₃₎ induced neurotoxicity in rats.

Materials & Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were divided into two neurotoxicity models with 60 rats in each model. Rats were administered ormeloxifene at different doses (2.5, 5.1 and 10.2 mg/kg p.o) for 14 days AlCl₃ model and 21 days MSG model. Neurobehavioral parameters such as locomotor activity, muscle coordination and spatial memory were carried out. Antioxidant enzyme estimated such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Histopathology studies were also carried out.

Results: Ormeloxifene co-treatment significantly reduced cognitive deficits, improved locomotor activity, muscle coordination, reference memory and spatial memory. It also reduced acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity, while increasing glutathione (GSH) concentration. Histopathology reports showed reduced neuronal damage.

Conclusion: Ormeloxifene demonstrated neuroprotective effects against MSG and AlCl₃-induced neurotoxicity in rats, potentially due to its ability to activate kinases and inhibit nuclear factor (NF)-kB induced transcription. These findings suggest Ormeloxifene as a potential therapeutic agent for neuroprotection

Awareness Of Allergic Conjunctivitis and Its Impact on Parents of School-Going Children Visiting Eye Clinic in A Speciality Hospital in Chengalpattu District: A Cross- Sectional Study

2025-06-07T04:43:39+00:00

Introduction: Allergic conjunctivitis, a common form, affects 6% to 30% of people globally and up to 40% in some studies. In India, rates have increased due to environmental factors like pollen, dust mites, pollution, and climate conditions. Symptoms include itching, swelling, tearing, and sometimes pain or light sensitivity. Many parents lack awareness of ocular allergies, which affects children's treatment and daily functioning. Improving education for parents can help identify symptoms early and support children better. This study highlights the need for better community education to address gaps in knowledge and reduce the impact of ocular allergies on families.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved 440 parents of school-going children attending pediatric and ophthalmology OPD in a tertiary care hospital near Chennai. Data was collected using a tested questionnaire on awareness of a specific condition. Analysis used Welch’s ANOVA, T tests, and Chi-Square tests after checking data assumptions. Ethical approval and confidentiality were maintained throughout.

Results: The participants’ mean knowledge score showed significant differences based on their level of education (p-value < .001), primary source of knowledge (p-value < .001), past history of allergic conjunctivitis in their children (p-value < .001). A significant negative association was noted between the factors, awareness of symptomatic management of allergic conjunctivitis and the burden of the disease on the child and parent. Chemicals from vehicle fumes are of increasing concern but not as much as other known allergens like pollen, hay, mold, pet dander etc., (p-value < .001).

Conclusion: Allergic conjunctivitis affects more than comfort; it can disrupt school, home life, and work. Understanding how to manage triggers and use safe home remedies reduces this impact. Parents who learn about allergic conjunctivitis can help their children attend school consistently and maintain regular family routines. Accurate information from healthcare providers is more helpful than relying on internet searches or social media. Trusted advice offers practical ways to handle symptoms and speed recovery. Common allergens such as pet dander, mold, and vehicle emissions are increasing in cities. Recognizing these triggers and reducing exposure lowers stress for both parents and children. Access to reliable information is essential for effective management

Factors Associated with Respiratory Complaints in Mill Concentrating Workers Pt. Leighton Contractor Indonesia Site Pt. Freeport Indonesia

2025-07-02T04:24:33+00:00

Background: Respiratory complaints, such as coughing, phlegm, dyspnea, wheezing, and chest pain, can be an early sign of lung damage and are one of the occupational diseases caused by exposure to pollutants in the workplace environment.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors associated with respiratory complaints in workers in the concentrating mill factory.

Method: This study employed a cross-sectional analytic design. The sampling method used was total sampling, involving all 62 workers from the population. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test with the help of the SPSS software.

Results: There is a relationship between working period (P = 0.002), length of work (P = 0.000), use of PPE (P = 0.000), and smoking status (P = 0.002) and respiratory complaints in workers in the mill concentrating, while there is no relationship between age (P = 0.136) and nutritional status (P = 0.115) and respiratory complaints in workers in the mill concentrating/

Conclusion: Respiratory complaints in workers may result from prolonged work duration, substandard PPE use, and smoking habits. While age and nutrition show little effect, maintaining regular nutritional intake supports overall health

The Role Of Organizational Commitment And Psychological Safety In Mediating The Effect Of Inclusive Leadership On Work Engagement Of Government Employees Of Konawe Kepulauan Regency

2025-06-12T01:15:47+00:00

This study aims to test and analyze inclusive leadership on organizational commitment, psychological safety, and work engagement, as well as to test the role of organizational commitment, psychological safety, in mediating the influence of inclusive leadership on work engagement. This study was conducted on employees of the Konawe Islands Regency Government. The population of this study was all employees of the Konawe Islands Regency Government consisting of echelon II, III, and echelon IV totaling 273. Sampling used the Slovin formula at a precision level of 5 percent, resulting in a sample size of 163 people. Data collection used in this study used a questionnaire. Furthermore, data analysis in this study consists of descriptive analysis and statistical analysis of Partial Least Squares PLS with SmartPLS Version 4. The results of this study indicate that inclusive leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, psychological safety, and employee work engagement, organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee work engagement, psychological safety has a positive and significant effect on employee work engagement, organizational commitment plays a role in mediating the effect of inclusive leadership on employee work engagement with partial mediation properties, and psychological safety plays a role in mediating the effect of inclusive leadership on employee work engagement with partial mediation properties.

Ideal Time for Preoperative Use of Indocyanine Green Dye in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy An Observational Study at A Tertiary Care Hospital

2025-08-13T19:13:59+00:00

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"Sustainable Healthcare: A Comprehensive Regression Analysis of 4 A’s Access, Affordability, Assurance, and Awareness in Driving Patient Motivation"

2025-07-19T15:58:24+00:00

Patient motivation is an individual's intrinsic desire, willingness, or initiative to actively participate in their healthcare, make healthy choices, and engage in well-being-promoting actions. Motivated patients follow treatments, adopt better lives, participate in preventive measures, and collaborate with healthcare practitioners in shared decision-making. Accessibility, affordability, awareness, and assurance affect patient motivation, which greatly affects health-related behaviour. These four pillars shape patients' healthcare experiences and motivate them to take responsibility for their health. These factors combined can make healthcare more sustainable. Patient motivation greatly impacts sustainable healthcare. Motivated people cure diseases, use resources efficiently, engage in health-promoting habits, and improve healthcare outcomes, ensuring the long-term sustainability of healthcare services. The objective of the paper is to develop a multiple regression model to study the impact of Access, Affordability, Assurance, and Awareness on patient motivation is used to examine healthcare sustainability. The primary data for the study was collected from the patients of Madurai district. The results of the study based on multiple linear regression model reveals that correlation in impact of affordability and assurance on patient motivation. The analysis also determined investing more on creating awareness about healthcare, making healthcare affordable will boost Patient motivation also giving assurance to patients is impact patient motivation. This study provides policymakers, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders about areas that need change to sustain healthcare systems. This research contributes to the discussion on resilient, patient-centric healthcare models that promote accessibility, affordability, assurance, and awareness for long-term well-being.

Cysticercosis of Breast Mimicking Fibroadenoma: A Case Report

2025-07-30T16:51:07+00:00

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infestation which can affect various structures of human body .Clinicians and pathologists need to be aware of its unusual presentations to identify and detect it an earlier stage to differentiate from other conditions which can have similar clinical and pathological presentations.Various pathological techniques such as fnac[fine needle aspiration cytology] and biopsy can aid in diagnosis facilitated by serological, radiological techniques such as X -ray,ultrasonography ,CT /MRI Scan.The early and prompt diagnosis by proper clinical suspicion supplemented by pathological examination helps in the management of the condition.In this study we present a unusual and rare presentation of cysticercosis of breast

Social Support for Compliance in Consuming Iron Supplements in Adolescent Girls in Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi, Indonesia

2025-05-27T06:49:43+00:00

Background:Compliance with iron-folic acid (IFA) tablet consumption among adolescent girls remains low despite the widespread distribution program. A lack of social support is one of the key factors influencing consumption behavior.

Objective:To analyze the role of social support in shaping compliance with IFA tablet consumption among adolescent girls in Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi.

Methods:This study used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with students, teachers, parents, and healthcare workers. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman approach.

Results:Compliance among adolescent girls was influenced by perception, motivation, and types of social support. Teachers and healthcare workers provided informational, instrumental, and emotional support, while parents and peers offered mainly emotional support. Barriers included forgetfulness, unpleasant taste, parental restrictions, and side effects.

Conclusion:Social support from various parties is crucial in increasing IFA tablet consumption compliance. Parental support is a key factor in the success of this intervention

Detection and Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease Through Brain MRI Imaging

2025-06-12T04:47:30+00:00

Significant progress has been made in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) via MRI image processing, with deep learning methods being essential. In this work, we use the ADNI dataset to investigate novel approaches for MRI image-based AD detection and classification. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), ResNet, and InceptionV3 models have been shown to be effective in earlier studies; CNN achieved an astounding 96.7% accuracy rate. To improve performance even more, we present the Xception model for categorization, which achieves an impressive 99% accuracy rate.

By utilizing Xception's capabilities, we are able to identify patterns associated with AD in MRI images with greater accuracy, improving diagnostic precision. Our results highlight the potential of using a variety of deep learning architectures for Alzheimer's identification, with Xception showing promise as a method for increasing MRI image classification accuracy. This study supports further attempts to create strong and trustworthy instruments for early intervention strategies for Alzheimer’s and dementia care.

Pap Smear Screening and HPV Vaccination Among Jordanian Women: Sociocultural and Economic Barriers

2025-08-27T12:16:23+00:00

Background: Cervical cancer is the eleventh most frequent cancer among Jordanian women. Around 115 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer, though 71 women die of cervical cancer annually in Jordan. Incorporating pap smear screening into routine gynecological care will contribute to the early detection and prevention of cervical cancer. Screening for cervical cancer should begin at the age of 21 or within three years of becoming sexually active.

Objectives: The study aims to assess the awareness and knowledge of Jordanian married females about the role of pap smear screening in the detection of cervical cancer. This research also aims to discover the barriers that determine the application of Pap smears in Jordan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study will be conducted, involving about 770 married women aged between 22-50 years old in Jordan. Data will be collected for demographic information like age. Various clinical characteristics will be analyzed. Statistical analyses will be performed using R studio (version 2024.09.0) Vienna, Austria.

Results: Although 83.7% of participants had heard of cervical cancer, only 31% had had a Pap smear, and just 7.1% did so regularly. Higher education and income were linked to greater awareness and screening uptake. Cultural barriers like embarrassment (9.9%) and fear of the procedure (8.1%) limited participation, while spousal disapproval was minimal. Awareness of the HPV vaccine was very low (9.9%), and only 1.9% had received it, mainly due to lack of knowledge and fear of side effects. Regional and income disparities also affected screening rates.

Conclusion: The study shows a gap between awareness of cervical cancer and actual screening behavior among Jordanian women. Education, income, and cultural beliefs strongly influence Pap smear uptake. Low awareness and uptake of the HPV vaccine highlight the need for targeted health education and accessible preventive services. Improving provider communication, community outreach and affordability are important to enhancing cervical cancer prevention efforts in Jordan.

Quality Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction, Job Resources & Rewards On Employees ' Work Engagement At Hospital In Makassar

2025-05-28T13:17:11+00:00

At Hospital X in Makassar City, employee turnover data in 2021 was 19.58%. While in 2022, turnover data at the hospital was 20.18% and in 2023 it was 20.90%. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of organizational culture, job satisfaction, job resources & rewards on employee work engagement at Hospital X Makassar. The determination of informants used the purposive sampling method and obtained 17 informants . Data validation tests were carried out using source triangulation and technique triangulation . The results of the study showed that employees at hospital X showed freedom in decision-making that was carried out in accordance with the SOP and the responsibilities of their work units, which reflected the existence of good responsibility and work ethic from employees . However , there is a need for increased transparency of information related to promotions and the provision of special competency training. Meanwhile, the family atmosphere in the hospital work environment plays an important role in increasing job satisfaction and employee enthusiasm in providing beneficial services to patients. Various backgrounds and expertise among employees, mutually supportive relationships and a sense of togetherness can create a positive and inclusive work environment. In this case, job satisfaction is a variable that plays an important role in increasing work engagement in hospital X. This researcher suggests that the hospital create inclusive policies that support diversity in the workplace and ensure that all employees feel valued and accepted, implement reward programs to recognize outstanding performance and contributions from employees, provide ongoing career development and training programs for employees, and conduct regular employee engagement surveys to measure their level of job satisfaction and engagement

Preformulation Profiling of Capecitabine: Foundation for Novel Oral Anticancer Drug Delivery Systems

2025-06-27T06:40:54+00:00

A crucial stage in creating a stable and efficient pharmaceutical formulation is preformulation studies. The preformulation study on capecitabine, a parenteral antineoplastic medication used to treat colorectal cancers, is the main subject of this work.The physicochemical characterization included solubility, partition coefficient, melting point, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared/fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and high performance liquid chromatography.The findings give critical information for developing a strong and bioavailable formulation that ensures therapeutic efficacy while retaining stability and compatibility. This study serves as a platform for future formulation development and optimization of capecitabine-based medicines.

Effect of Adding Continous Irrigation to Arthroscopic Debridement of Septic Knee: A Retrospective Study

2025-07-04T08:52:19+00:00

Even with current advancements in the field of orthopedics, septic/infective arthritis of knee remains an unsettling nightmare. Early mobilization and rehabilitation has now become possible with the advent of arthroscopic debridement, but still recurrence remains awful. The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the outcomes of patients who were treated with a novel method of continuous irrigation following arthroscopic debridement in patients who presented with infective/septic arthritis. The data of all the patients who were treated with continuous irrigation for following arthroscopic debridement, between Jan 2018 to Dec 2022 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. After a mean follow up of 25 months there was no recurrence in all the 24 patients who qualified our inclusion criteria, 3 patients had post operative stiffness among them 2 were treated with physical therapy and one who didn’t improve with physical therapy also denied surgical correction. The mean post operative KOOS score was 78.2 ± 3.8 which was significantly higher compared to their pre-operative scores. Adding continuous irrigation to arthroscopic debridement proves to be an effective, promising treatment for septic/infective arthritis rather than arthroscopic debridement alone to avoid recurrences.

Pioneering a Novel Cauterising Alum and Silver Nitrate (CAS) Approach for Infantile Perianal Fistulas: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2025-09-08T13:25:50+00:00

Background: Perianal fistulas in infants pose significant management challenges, often necessitating a difficult choice between prolonged conservative observation and invasive surgical interventions. These treatment options are typically associated with prolonged discomfort or complications, highlighting the need for a more efficient alternative to address current challenges.

Aim and Method: This retrospective cohort study involved infants under 18 months treated for perianal fistulas, either as complications of perianal abscesses or as primary perianal fistulation, at the only paediatric surgical unit in X country from 1st August 2019 to 31st July 2023. The Cauterising Alum and Silver Nitrate (CAS) treatment involved flushing the fistula with alum and silver nitrate solutions, administered at two-week intervals until discharge ceased.

Results: A total of 21 fistulas in 18 patients were treated using CAS. The majority of patients achieved cessation of discharge within one month (90%), with only one case of fistula recurrence requiring an additional application of CAS and two other cases of recurrent abscess treated conservatively with drainage and antibiotics, without further recurrence. Follow-up at a mean of 15.5 months after symptom resolution revealed no adverse effects, although 24% developed simple granulomas requiring topical management.

Conclusion: The CAS treatment approach offers a promising, minimally invasive alternative for managing perianal fistulas in infants, achieving rapid resolution and avoiding surgery. Despite a small sample size and single-centre scope, the consistent protocol provides valuable insights into this effective outpatient option for infant care

Prevalence Of Cardiorespiratory Impairment In Post Stroke Survivors

2025-07-01T08:38:44+00:00

Background: Stroke, caused by a blockage or rupture in brain vessels, results in sudden brain dysfunction and is a leading cause of long-term disability. Reduced activity following a stroke decreases cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), impairs mobility, and increases the risk of future strokes and heart problems. All strokes, including ischemic and haemorrhages, raise vascular risk. Managing blood pressure, obesity, smoking, and glucose is critical for recovery and prevention.

Methods: This study is observational, and was conducted on sixty four people suffering from cardiorespiratory impairment in post stroke. A questionnaire was provided to the participants. the result were analysed according to the interpretation of questionnaire.

Result: A simple random survey of 64 post-stroke survivors revealed that 71.8% had signs of cardiorespiratory impairment, indicating a significant concern in this population.

Conclusion: Cardiorespiratory impairment is a common concern among post-stroke survivors, resulting in reduced function, a lower quality of life, and an increased risk of recurring heart problems. Based on this, 64 participants with such impairments were evaluated using a questionnaire.

Investigating The Properties Of Selected Natural Fiber And The Wound Care Performance Of Developed Diabetic Shoe Insole

2025-07-08T17:57:45+00:00

The textile industry taps into recent science and technological developments to meet the ever-increasing consumer interest. The applications of textiles are not just limited to regular apparel and home textiles but expand much now on functional applications recognized under the technical textiles globally. Among the various categories of technical textiles, medical textile has played a vital role in addressing various needs of practitioners and patients. Treatment for diabetic wounds still remains challenge in the medical industry. Therefore, it is need of the hour to develop a non-woven composite diabetic insole using natural fiber. This paper is about the research of natural fibers and their properties, with their benefits to prepare nonwoven shoe insoles for diabetic foot Ulcers. Natural fiber nonwoven diabetic insoles have been produced and assessed for their wound healing capabilities. Four fibers were selected to construct a nonwoven composite. Extracted Fiber and developed nonwoven composites was evaluated for its FTIR, SEM analysis and wound healing property

Bridging the Healthcare Gap: A Study on the Utilization of Ayushman Bharat in Uttar Pradesh

2025-06-05T17:12:36+00:00

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Android Malware Detection Using Deep Learning Approach

2025-07-15T13:50:49+00:00

This paper presents a novel framework for detecting malware in Android applications using advanced machine learning techniques. Our approach combines static and dynamic analysis with deep learning algorithms to identify malicious patterns in Android applications. We propose a hybrid feature extraction method that captures both code- based and behavioral attributes, followed by a multi-layer classification model that achieves high detection accuracy. Experiments conducted on a comprehensive dataset of benign and malicious applications demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving 97.8% accuracy, 96.5% precision, and 98.2% recall. The proposed framework outperforms traditional signature-based methods and several existing machine learning approaches, showing promise for real-time malware detection in resource-constrained mobile environments

Formulation And Evaluation Of Gastroretentive Floating Microspheres And Bilayer Tablets Of Arbekacin And Gatifloxacin For The Treatment Of Urinary Tract Infections

2025-08-03T12:25:12+00:00

This study aimed to develop and evaluate gastroretentive bilayer tablets and floating microspheres containing Arbekacin and Gatifloxacin for the effective treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Bilayer tablets were formulated with an immediate-release layer of Gatifloxacin and a sustained-release matrix of Arbekacin using HPMC and PEO polymers. Floating microspheres were prepared by emulsification solvent diffusion using polymer blends in varying ratios. Preformulation studies, drug-excipient compatibility (FTIR, DSC), and micromeritic properties were evaluated. In vitro drug release, buoyancy, swelling index, entrapment efficiency, and antimicrobial activity were assessed. Release kinetics were analyzed using Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas models. The optimized bilayer tablets demonstrated rapid Gatifloxacin release (~90% in 45 minutes) and sustained Arbekacin release up to 14 hours. Microspheres provided a 24-hour controlled release profile with high entrapment efficiency (up to 89.4%) and buoyancy (94.6%). Drug release followed non-Fickian kinetics. Antimicrobial testing showed enhanced efficacy against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus. Stability studies confirmed formulation integrity over 90 days. The dual delivery system effectively combines immediate and sustained drug release, improves gastric retention, and demonstrates superior antibacterial activity. It offers a promising strategy for improving treatment outcomes in MDR-UTIs.

Temperature Prediction Analysis Using Forecasting Models In Chennai

2025-06-20T05:54:14+00:00

Time series forecasting is an essential tool for planning and decision-making. Various methods, ranging from traditional statistical models to soft computing and artificial intelligence approaches, have been developed to produce increasingly accurate forecasts. Recently, several techniques based on fuzzy and stochastic methods have been proposed for forecasting. In this paper, we discuss and compare the Song and Chissom model, Improved Hwang, Chen and Lee model, Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) on predicting temperature fluctuations in the Chennai district over a period from the year 2006 to 2024.

Predicting Maternal Health Risks Using Nutritional Data and Machine Learning

2025-07-02T15:33:57+00:00

Introduction: Maternal health remains a critical global issue, with high mortality rates in low-resource areas due to delayed risk detection and limited healthcare access. Despite medical progress, preventable conditions like hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes persist, highlighting the need for early diagnostic tools aligned with SDG 3. This study develops machine learning models using clinical data (e.g., blood pressure, glucose) to predict maternal risks, aiming to (1) identify key predictors, (2) evaluate model performance, and (3) support clinical decisions. Challenges include data privacy and quality. The methodology emphasizes preprocessing, model training (XGBoost, KNN), and interpretability for practical deployment, advancing AI-driven solutions for maternal care and SDG 3. Objectives: This study develops machine learning models to predict maternal health risks using clinical indicators like blood pressure and glucose levels. It compares XGBoost, KNN and Random Forest algorithms, evaluating their performance through accuracy, precision and recall metrics. The research identifies key predictive features while examining how data preprocessing affects results. The goal is to create an interpretable risk prediction tool that balances accuracy with clinical usability, particularly for low-resource settings. Implementation addresses data privacy compliance and EHR integration to support healthcare decision-making and improve maternal outcomes. Methods: The study utilized the Maternal Health Risk Dataset, comprising 1,014 entries with features like age, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels. Data preprocessing included outlier removal, encoding, and scaling. Three models—XGBoost, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Random Forest—were trained and evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Hyperparameter tuning was performed via GridSearchCV. Results: The Random Forest model outperformed others, achieving 86.70% accuracy with standardized full features. It excelled in identifying high-risk cases (96% precision, 95% recall). XGBoost followed closely (86.21% accuracy), while KNN lagged (80.30%). Partial feature sets reduced performance across all models. Conclusions: The Random Forest model is recommended for deployment due to its high accuracy and interpretability. Future work includes expanding datasets and integrating real-time EHR systems to enhance predictive capabilities and maternal healthcare outcomes.

The Relationship Between Facilities and Nursing Performance in Improving Service Satisfaction at Bahteramas Hospital Kendari

2025-05-27T23:28:10+00:00

Hospital facilities are an important element that affects the performance of nursing staff in providing quality services. Adequate facilities support work efficiency and patient satisfaction. However, there are still challenges in providing optimal facilities at the Bahteramas Kendari Regional General Hospital (RSUD). This type of quantitative research using a cross-sectional design was conducted from June to November 2024. Using cluster random sampling method and Slovin formula to select 110 nursing staff. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test after being collected through questionnaires. The results showed that 96.2% of the respondents who rated the facilities as excellent stated that the nurses' performance was excellent. Statistical tests showed a significant relationship between work facilities and nursing staff performance (p-value = 0.000). Adequate facilities have a significant influence on the performance of nursing staff. Hospitals need to improve work facilities to support nursing staff productivity and patient satisfaction.

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Ursolic Acid from Medicinal Plant Extract and Its In Silico Inhibitory Potential Against Inflammation-Linked Molecular Targets

2025-07-05T10:04:26+00:00

Objectives:The study aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of a phytochemical compound from a medicinal plant. The primary objective was to assess the binding affinity of ursolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, against Alzheimer's disease-relevant protein targets using molecular docking. This included enzymes known to contribute to neuroinflammation and amyloid-beta processing, which are implicated in Alzheimer's pathology.

Methods:The crude methanolic extract of the plant was subjected to gradient silica gel column chromatography, followed by purification and recrystallization, yielding a single pure compound. The structure of this compound was confirmed as ursolic acid using FTIR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. Molecular docking was then performed using AutoDock Vina to explore the interaction of ursolic acid with three Alzheimer's-linked targets:

Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β; PDB ID: 1H8F)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE; PDB ID: 1O86)
TNF-α Converting Enzyme (TACE; PDB ID: 3LOT)

These proteins were prepared by removing heteroatoms and adding polar hydrogens. Ursolic acid was modeled and energy-minimized using ChemSketch and UCSF Chimera. Binding interactions were visualized using Discovery Studio.

Result:Ursolic acid exhibited favorable binding affinities to all three protein targets involved in neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's progression. The docking results demonstrated stable hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions at the active sites of GSK-3β (linked to tau phosphorylation), ACE (implicated in neurovascular dysfunction), and TACE (key in neuroinflammation via TNF-α activation). The strongest binding affinity was observed with TACE, indicating ursolic acid’s potential in modulating inflammatory cytokine release. These findings suggest that ursolic acid could attenuate both amyloid and inflammatory pathways in Alzheimer's pathology.

Conclusion:This multi-approach study confirmed the identity of ursolic acid and validated its multi-target inhibitory potential against key Alzheimer’s disease-related enzymes. The compound's strong binding affinity, particularly toward TACE and GSK-3β, supports its possible use in modulating neuroinflammation, amyloid cascade, and tau hyperphosphorylation, which are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. The study underscores the relevance of plant-derived compounds like ursolic acid in neurodegenerative drug discovery, and supports molecular docking as a predictive tool for evaluating neuroprotective leads

Unani Perspectives on Migraine (Shaqīqa): Classical Insights and Clinical Applications

2025-08-12T14:16:41+00:00

Migraine, known as Shaqīqa in Unani medicine, is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent, unilateral headaches often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. Despite advancements in modern medicine, a significant number of migraine sufferers experience inadequate relief, prompting interest in complementary systems like Unani medicine, this provides a holistic approach to disease management.

In Unani literature, Shaqīqa is recognized as a disorder of the brain (Amraz-e-Dimagh), resulting from humoral imbalance—particularly involving Safra (yellow bile), Sauda (black bile), and Dam (blood). Classical Unani scholars such as Ibn Sina, Al-Razi, and Ibn Rushd described Shaqīqa as a manifestation of disordered temperament (Mizaj) and the upward movement of noxious vapors (bukharat) from the stomach or liver to the brain. The condition is classified based on the dominant humor involved, aiding in personalized treatment.

Unani management encompasses a triad of approaches: Ilaj bil Tadbeer (regimental therapy), including venesection, cupping, and massage; Ilaj bil Ghiza (dietotherapy), which emphasizes temperamental and seasonal dietary adjustments; and Ilaj bil Dawa (pharmacotherapy), involving time-tested herbal and compound formulations.

This review integrates classical insights with contemporary evidence, highlighting the scientific rationale of Unani interventions in migraine management. The individualized and preventive focus of Unani medicine offers promising avenues for integrative care. Further clinical research and standardization of Unani protocols could enhance their applicability in modern healthcare frameworks for migraine.

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness And Complication Profile In The Treatment Of Stones Up To 1.5 Cm In The Renal Pelvis: Remote Shock Wave Lithotripsy, Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery And Percutaneous Nephrolithopaxy

2025-06-29T21:59:03+00:00

The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness and frequency of complications in the treatment of renal nodules up to 1.5 cm in the renal pelvis using three methods: remote shock wave lithotripsy (RVL), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIR) and percutaneous nephrolithopaxy (PCN). The study included 150 patients evenly divided into three groups, depending on the treatment method used. The clinical efficacy (stone-free rate), the frequency of repeated interventions, the complication profile (according to the Clavien-Dindo scale), the duration of hospitalization and the overall recovery of the patient were evaluated. The highest rate of complete stone removal (SFR) was recorded in the PKN group (96%), while the incidence of complications was moderate. RIRX provided a high level of efficiency (90%) with minimal invasiveness. DVL showed the lowest effectiveness (66%) and the highest risk of repeated procedures, however, it was characterized by the shortest period of hospitalization. All three methods have clinical significance in the treatment of renal pelvis stones up to 1.5 cm, however, the choice of optimal tactics should be based on the characteristics of the stone, the anatomical features of the patient and the resource capabilities of the institution. RIRX and PKN demonstrate higher efficiency compared to DVL with a comparable safety profile.

Role of Ponseti Technique in Late Presenting and Relapsed Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinocavo Varus Feets – Our Experience

2025-07-02T06:28:30+00:00

Objectives: Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV), commonly referred to as Clubfoot, is a complex musculoskeletal deformity affecting infants. The Ponseti technique, a gold standard approach, has emerged as an effective treatment. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of ponseti technique in children with idiopathic clubfoot who presents late after 03 months of birth and in relapsed infants up to one year of age.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics, involving 41 feet. Infants with idiopathic clubfoot were included. Infants started on ponseti treatment with serial castings followed by percutaneous tendo Achilles tenotomy corrections were monitored by scoring systems, Paired samples ‘T’ was applied for statistical analysis. The statistical difference was considered to be significant when P <0.05 and highly significant when P < 0.001. Correlation between different parameters was analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results: we treated 29 cases (41 feet) of idiopathic clubfoot in children more than three months. Age group classification was: group 1 (3 to 5 months), group 2(6 to 9 months) , group 3 (10 to 12 months) and group 4 (> 12 months). In group 1 mean pre Pirani and Dimeglio scores were higher than group 4, reduction of scores after corrective casting were more statistically significant in group 1 than group 2,3,4. This suggests that the Ponseti technique is effective in older age group but the effectiveness decreases as the age increases.

Conclusion : Thus Ponseti technique safe, effective and can be used as preferred initial treatment for congenital idiopathic clubfoot in patients presenting late, irrespective of age and initial severity , avoiding the need for extensive surgery later

Relationship between Risk Factors and The Incidence of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Women Giving Birth

2025-06-19T03:50:26+00:00

The aim of this study was to determine the proportion and risk factors associated with the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in women giving birth at the Tangerang General Hospital. This research is a quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. This research is combined with qualitative data from in-depth interviews with sources who can contribute to the problem of postpartum hemorrhage. The population in this study was all mothers giving birth at the Tangerang Regional General Hospital in 2022. The sample in this study was a portion of the mothers who gave birth at the Tangerang District Hospital, over a period of one year, namely from January to December 2022, totaling 200. Method of sampling will be carried out using a simple random sampling method. This study concluded that mothers who experienced postpartum hemorrhage were 36.50%, while mothers who did not experience postpartum hemorrhage were 63.50%. Test results using a general linear multivariate model show that pregnancy spacing is the variable that has the greatest influence on the incidence of Postpartum Hemorrhage. Meanwhile, large fetus variables have the lowest influence on Postpartum Hemorrhage

Comparative Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Perineal And Transrectal Prostate Biopsy In The Diagnosis Of Prostate Cancer

2025-06-20T20:11:46+00:00

In this paper, we conducted a comparative study of the effectiveness of two methods of prostate biopsy — perineal and transrectal — in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The analysis of the biopsy results of 275 patients with suspected oncopathology allowed us to assess the diagnostic accuracy, the frequency of detection of clinically significant cancer, as well as the complication profile of each method. The data obtained indicate a comparable sensitivity of both approaches, however, perineal biopsy demonstrated a lower risk of infectious complications and better tolerability. The results of the study confirm the expediency of using perineal biopsy in routine clinical practice, especially in patients with a high risk of infections or after unsuccessful transrectal biopsy. The work enriches modern ideas about choosing the optimal method for the diagnosis of prostate cancer and contributes to improving the safety and accuracy of patient examination.

The Effect Of Multidimensional Risk And Financial Literacy On Sharia Investment Decisions Moderated By Religiosity (Study on Sharia Stock Investors in Southeast Sulawesi Province)

2025-06-19T00:28:18+00:00

This study aims to identify and analyze: (1) the influence of risk propensity on Islamic investment decisions, (2) the influence of risk attitude on Islamic investment decisions, (3) the influence of risk capacity on Islamic investment decisions, (4) the influence of risk knowledge on Islamic investment decisions, (5) the influence of financial literacy on Islamic investment decisions, (6) the moderating role of religiosity on the relationship between risk propensity and Islamic investment decisions, (7) the moderating role of religiosity on the relationship between risk attitude and Islamic investment decisions, (8) the moderating role of religiosity on the relationship between risk capacity and Islamic investment decisions, (9) the moderating role of religiosity on the relationship between risk knowledge and Islamic investment decisions, and (10) the moderating role of religiosity on the relationship between financial literacy and Islamic investment decisions. The object of this research is the influence of multidimensional risk and financial literacy on Islamic investment decisions moderated by religiosity among Islamic stock investors in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The population in this study includes all Islamic stock investors in Southeast Sulawesi Province, totaling 1,122 individuals, based on the directory of the Bank Indonesia Representative Office in Southeast Sulawesi. The sample consists of 295 respondents selected using probability sampling techniques based on specific criteria. Data collection was conducted through online questionnaires, and the analysis tool used was SEM-PLS version 3.0. The results of the study show that: (1) risk propensity has a positive and significant effect on Islamic investment decisions, (2) risk attitude has a positive but not significant effect on Islamic investment decisions, (3) risk capacity has a positive and significant effect on Islamic investment decisions, (4) risk knowledge has a positive and significant effect on Islamic investment decisions, (5) financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on Islamic investment decisions, (6) religiosity does not moderate the influence of risk propensity on Islamic investment decisions, (7) religiosity does not moderate the influence of risk attitude on Islamic investment decisions, (8) religiosity moderates the influence of risk capacity on Islamic investment decisions, (9) religiosity does not moderate the influence of risk knowledge on Islamic investment decisions, and (10) religiosity does not moderate the influence of financial literacy on Islamic investment decisions

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier: Optimization, In-vitro, In-vivo Evaluation of Nanocarrier Gel

2025-08-18T18:28:14+00:00

Pharmaceutical gels are semisolid dosage form designed for application on to the skin mucus membrane and wounds. They are versatile patient friendly formulations that can deliver drugs systemically and locally. Nanostructured lipid carriers loaded gel was prepared for making the topical delivery more effective. Optimized formulation of nanostructured lipid carriers loaded gel exhibits higher in-vitro controlled release pattern as compared to marketed formulation and nanocarrier suspension. In vivo pharmacodynamic studies shows good results of wound contraction studies. These findings suggest that nanostructured lipid carriers loaded gel can serve as a promising drug delivery system to overcome the limitations of conventional formulations and provides better therapeutic outcomes

Safety and Efficacy of Newer Oral Anticoagulants in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Prospective Observational Study

2025-07-07T14:33:18+00:00

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality globally. Anticoagulation plays a pivotal role in managing thromboembolic complications. While traditional anticoagulants like warfarin and heparin are widely used, they are associated with limitations including bleeding risks and intensive monitoring. Newer oral anticoagulants (NOACs) such as apixaban and dabigatran offer a promising alternative.
Objective: To prospectively evaluate and compare the safety and adverse effect profile of newer oral anticoagulants (apixaban, dabigatran) with traditional agents (warfarin, heparin) in CAD patients under real-world clinical conditions.
Methods: A 12-month, open-label, parallel-group, observational study was conducted at Vijaya Hospital, Nellore. A total of 200 patients aged 30–60 with diagnosed CAD were included—100 on NOACs and 100 on older agents. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were evaluated using a structured questionnaire (CADSEQ), patient diaries, and WHO-UMC causality assessment.
Results: NOACs exhibited significantly fewer adverse events (13%) compared to warfarin/heparin (42%). Major bleeding, liver dysfunction, and hypersensitivity reactions were markedly lower in the NOAC group (p< 0.05). Patient adherence and satisfaction were improved with NOACs due to ease of administration and reduced monitoring needs.
Conclusion: NOACs demonstrate superior safety, tolerability, and compliance in CAD management. Their role should be expanded, especially in high-risk or poorly monitored populations. Further studies in special populations such as neonates or pediatric CAD cases may help shape safe usage protocols.

Assessment of the Role of Luteal Phase Antagonist in Women at High-risk of Developing Ovarian Hyper-Stimulation Syndrome (OHSS) Receiving GnRH Agonist Trigger

2025-06-17T17:26:15+00:00

Background: Ovarian hyperstimulation (OHSS) is a serious complication of assisted reproductive technology (ART). This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of luteal phase cetrotide, administered for 3 days starting on the day of oocyte retrieval, on the incidence of mild and moderate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in females at high risk for the development of OHSS who receive the GnRH antagonist induction protocol.

Patients and methods: The study included 110 infertile women candidates for IVF at high risk for OHSS, randomized into two cohorts: the cetrotide cohort (n=55) and the control (no-cetrotide) cohort (n=55). All participants received the conventional antagonist protocol, followed by the freeze policy. The control cohort received traditional symptomatic treatment. In addition to symptomatic treatment, the study cohort received a subcutaneous injection of cetrorelix acetate; all patients underwent clinical evaluation on days 0, 3, and 5. Then, on day 5 after oocyte retrieval, all patients underwent ultrasound scanning for ascites grading and maximum ovarian diameter (MOD). We took blood samples to determine the level of VEGF.

Results: The results indicated that patients in both groups exhibited non-significant differences in terms of age, BMI, ovarian serum E2 on the day of trigger, and number of oocytes retrieved (P > 0.05). Day 3 VAS pain scores were significantly lower in both groups than the Day 0 scores (P = 0.000). On day 5, we found a statistically significant difference in MOD (P=0.000). Additionally, serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels on day -5 showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.000). The incidence of mild and moderate OHSS syndrome was significantly lower in the cetrotide cohort than in the control cohort (9.1% and 32.7%, respectively; P = 0.005).

Conclusion: Administering the GnRH antagonist (cetrotide) during the luteal phase decreased the severity and frequency of early ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome symptoms in high-risk females with all embryos cryopreserved. Cetrotide may work by directly affecting the ovary, which could lead to lower levels of a substance called serum vascular endothelial growth factor.

Application of Coping Strategy on Victims of Physical and Verbal Violence in Dating Relationships to Overcome Psychological Disorders in Adolescent Females in Makassar City

2025-07-04T17:13:43+00:00

Background: Dating violence (DV) is a social phenomenon that often affects teenagers, especially girls.

Objective: This study aims to describe the forms of physical and verbal violence experienced by adolescent girls and the coping strategies used to overcome the psychological impact of this violence.

Method: This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with an in-depth interview method with 15 informants from various universities in Makassar City.

Results: The results of the study showed that victims experienced various forms of violence such as being hit, slapped, shouted at, and insulted, which resulted in the emergence of psychological disorders such as anxiety, trauma, depression, and low self- esteem. Coping strategies used include Emotion Focused Coping (EFC) such as escape- avoidance and positive reappraisal, and Problem Focused Coping (PFC) such as seeking social support and confrontive coping.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of psychological counseling and social support in helping adolescent girls cope with the impact of dating violence

Exploring The Pathways Of Various Risk Factors Influencing Musculoskeletal Disorders In Dockworkers: Evidence From Soekarno Hatta Port, Makassar

2025-06-18T12:49:17+00:00

Objectives: Dockworkers are at high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders as a result of the cumulative effects of various interacting factors, ranging from personal attributes to the demands of the job itself. These factors can trigger physical fatigue, which acts as a mediator in the onset of musculoskeletal disorders. Understanding the relationships between these variables is essential in preventing long-term health consequences for port workers.

Methods: This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 113 active dockworkers at Soekarno-Hatta Port. The causal relationships between the independent variables (age, length of service, working posture, and physical workload), the intervening variable (fatigue), and the dependent variable (musculoskeletal disorders) were analysed using path analysis with the assistance of AMOS version 24 software.

Results: The path analysis results indicated that, among the four independent variables—age, length of service, working posture, and physical workload—only physical workload had a significant direct effect on fatigue (β = 0.086; p = 0.011). Although physical workload did not have a direct effect on musculoskeletal disorders, it exerted an indirect effect through fatigue, which acted as a mediator due to its significant influence on musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, the musculoskeletal disorder variable, as the final endogenous variable, showed significant relationships with age, length of service, and working posture, indicating that it serves as the end node receiving influences from various pathways within this model related to musculoskeletal disorders.

Conclusions: These results indicate that there is an indirect effect of physical workload on the development of musculoskeletal disorders, mediated by workers' fatigue. Meanwhile, the variables of age, length of service, and working posture have a direct effect on the onset of musculoskeletal disorders.

Deep Reinforcement Learning Routing Engine and Threat Detection in Vehicular Networks through Federated Intelligence and Blockchain-Based Trust Ledger

2025-06-19T11:22:15+00:00

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) defines a self-organizing network formed between vehicles in roadside infrastructure for facilitating real time decision making on road. However in real time trusted updates it can introduce a latency in high vehicular traffic conditions. To address these constrains, developed a blockchain based federated system with intrusion detection to secure the data flow of vehicular environment. Initially, Road Side Unit (RSU) and vehicle contains a Federated Learning Node (FLN), Edge Key Management Unit (EKMU), and access to the Blockchain-Backed Trust Ledger (BBTL). FLN gathers data, trains a local machine learning model and transfers encrypted data to an aggregator. The EKMU creates a lightweight cryptographic key pair and sets attaches a pseudonymized identity and a trust score on the blockchain. Truncated Polynomial Ring Unit (NTPRU) used in EKMU generates a lightweight cryptographic key pair. At the same time, the federated intrusion detection system uses the lightweight XGBoost which continuously monitors traffic patterns and the data points of behaviors while looking for abnormalities (anomalies), such as spoofing, replay attacks, or false-data injections. If found a threat, Federated Intrusion Detection System (FIDS) produces alerts and reports to BBTL. Finally, trust scores are constantly classified using DNN-19 and updated in BBTL. Then the Deep Reinforcement Learning Routing Engine (DRL-RE) can use these updated trust-based metrics to construct secure and adaptive routing decisions. The proposed strategy achieved recall of 97.91%, NPV of 97.62%, error of 2.240% and accuracy of 97.5% respectively. The proposed approach accomplishes secure Vehicular communication for employing a decentralized learning-based approach for enables a real-time threat detection for more resource resilience in intelligent transportation systems

Transcriptomic Insights into Differential Gene Expression in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Colistin-Treated Patients Using Illumina Sequencing

2025-06-16T05:31:10+00:00

The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii presents a critical threat to global health due to its remarkable antibiotic resistance. To explore its stress response mechanisms, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted to compare the transcriptomes of A. baumannii ATCC19606 and a clinical isolate from a colistin-treated patient. Analysis identified 118 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with thresholds of log2 fold change (Log2FC) > 1 or < −1 and FDR < 0.05.

Upregulated genes included those encoding twitching motility protein, p-aminobenzoate synthetase, pilin-like competence factor, and D-methionine-binding lipoprotein MetQ, with a 2-4 fold increase. Conversely, downregulated genes, such as ferredoxin, molecular chaperones GroES/GroL, and class C beta-lactamase ADC-158, suggested reduced metabolic activity.

These DEGs are implicated in stress response and metabolic transport pathways, providing critical insights into A. baumannii’s adaptive mechanisms and potential vulnerabilities for therapeutic targeting.

The Interplay of Biopsychosocial Determinants in Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy: Evidence from Takalar Regency, Indonesia

2025-07-01T05:52:31+00:00

Pregnancy is an important period in a woman's life that requires special attention to physical and mental health. Stress during pregnancy can arise from various sources, which can lead to health problems including postnatal depression. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lymphocyte levels, employment status, and stress levels in pregnant women. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi. A total of 60 pregnant women participated in the study. Data collection involved structured interviews using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42). Statistical analyses included univariate and bivariate tests, with associations assessed using the Chi-Square test. Results showed that approximately 75% of the participants were at risk of stress, and 30% were at risk of combined stress, depression, and anxiety. Bivariate analysis revealed that pregnant women working in informal sectors, particularly as housewives, were significantly more likely to experience stress compared to those in formal employment (p = 0.042). Furthermore, abnormal lymphocyte levels (either low or high) were significantly associated with increased risk of stress, depression, and anxiety (p = 0.035). These findings highlight the need for targeted mental health interventions, especially for unemployed or informally employed pregnant women and those exhibiting immunological alterations during pregnancy. Strengthening psychological support and monitoring immune function during prenatal care may help mitigate adverse mental health outcomes among pregnant women during pandemic conditions

Analysis Of Environmental Health Risks from Exposure to Heavy Metals Cadmium and Manganese in Drinking Water for The Community in The Selayar Islands

2025-05-02T08:27:29+00:00

Background: Natural fault activity can lead to the contamination of water sources with heavy metals such as manganese (Mn) and cadmium (Cd). The fault movement that creates fractures opens pathways for groundwater to interact with metal-containing rocks, resulting in the dissolution and transportation of these metals into groundwater systems and surface water sources, potentially reaching concentrations that are harmful to human health and the environment.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the concentration levels of heavy metals Cd and Mn in well water and piped water, exposure duration, intake rate and frequency of Cd and Mn exposure through drinking water consumed by the residents of Pasimarannu District.

Method: This research is a quantitative descriptive study using the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) method. Data analysis is conducted by calculating intake, Excess Cancer Risk (ECR), and risk management. If ECR > E-4, it indicates that the contaminant has carcinogenic risk and requires risk management.

Results: The study shows the environmental health risks from exposure to heavy metals Cd and Mn as follows The ECR value for Cd in independent well water is 2 x 10^-4, while in piped water, it is 4 x 10^-4. The ECR value for Mn in well water is 2 x 10, while in piped water, it is 1 x 10. The carcinogenic risk level (ECR) from Cd exposure increases every 10 years, with Cd intake from independent wells and piped water rising from 0.00057 mg/L and 0.001 mg/L (in the 10th year) to 0.004 mg/L and 0.0075 mg/L (in the 70th year), respectively. Risk management can be done by determining the safe consumption limit and the amount of safe consumption.

Conclusion: Risk management in Batu Bingkung, Bonea, dan Sambali Villages involves controlling variables like safe concentration limits and allowable consumption of Cd dan Mn to prevent health risks and protect community safety.

Effect of Physical Workload, Nutritional Status with Work Fatigue on Work Productivity at PT. Semen Tonasa Pangkep Regency South Sulawesi

2025-04-07T16:30:21+00:00

Background: Occupational fatigue is a problem that is often overlooked despite its serious impact on worker safety. It contributes 60% to workplace accidents. Prolonged high rates of fatigue can reduce cognitive function, and factors such as excessive workload, nutritional status exacerbate fatigue and have a negative impact on work productivity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of workload, nutritional status with fatigue in workers on work productivity at PT Semen Tonasa located in Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi.

Methods: This analytical survey study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at PT Semen Tonasa, a cement factory in Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi Indonesia, involving 144 workers. Data on workload, nutritional status, fatigue, and productivity were collected using questionnaires, body mass index and oximeter, and structured interviews. Path analysis was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of these variables on productivity.

Results: The results showed that there was a significant positive effect of workload on work fatigue (2,496 > 1.96). there is a positive effect of nutritional status on work productivity (2,228 > 1.96), there is a positive effect of work fatigue on work productivity (3,938 > 1.96), Based on the intervening test, the indirect effect of workload on work productivity through work fatigue is -0.091 (negative effect).

Conclusionsː In addition, there is a significant influence between workload, on work productivity through Work Fatigue and there is an insignificant influence of nutritional status on work productivity through Fatigue. It is expected that further research will be conducted on additional variables that can affect eye fatigue complaints in addition to the independent variables above.

Analysis of Risk Factors of Workplace Accidents in Construction Workers In The Tallasa City Area

2025-06-07T18:11:20+00:00

Background: Construction workers are at high risk of experiencing work accidents due to the characteristics of heavy and complex work. Various individual and work environment factors can influence the occurrence of accidents .

Objective: This study aims to analyze the risk factors for work accidents in construction workers in the Tallasa City area .

Method: The design of this study was a case control with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 70 respondents (35 cases and 35 controls), with matching based on gender and type of employment. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, odds ratio (OR), and multiple logistic regression .

Results: The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the variables significantly associated with work accidents were length of service (OR=5.073; p=0.002), education level (OR=3.039; p=0.030), training history (OR=4.463; p=0.003), working hours (OR=3.524; p=0.012), and use of PPE (OR=3.864; p=0.007). Marital status did not show a significant relationship (p=0.131). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that length of service was the most influential variable (OR=4.627; 95% CI=1.604–13.348; p=0.005).

Conclusion: Working period ≤ 3 years significantly increases the risk of work accidents. Therefore, special training, mentoring, and supervision for new workers are very important to reduce the number of work accidents.

The Impact of Mobile Gaming Addiction on Adolescent Sleep Patterns and Physical Health: A Cross-sectional Study

2025-05-19T04:25:42+00:00

Background: Dependence on mobile phone gaming has become increasingly recognised as a behavioural problem that has serious effects on the health of young adults in fast-growing nations like India. This study investigates the prevalence of mobile gaming addiction among schoolchildren in Tamil Nadu, specifically in the Dharmapuri district, and explores its influence on sleep patterns, physical health, and psychological well-being.

Objective: The objectives are to assess an extent of adolescent addiction to mobile gaming, look at how it impacts physical and sleep health, and find connects between addiction behaviours and health problems.

Methods: Using a convenience sampling technique, 902 upper secondary school students, ages 13 to 18, participated in a cross-sectional descriptive study. A self-administered questionnaire covering demographic information, gaming habits, sleep and physical health indicators, and psychological well-being was used to gather data. The Modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (mNMQ) and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short Form (IGDS9-SF) were employed as validated instruments. JASP software was used to perform multiple linear regression analysis, descriptive statistics, and Pearson's correlation; a p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.

Results: Participants' mean age was 15.19 ± 1.32 years, with 77% of them being men and 23% being women. About 16% withdrew, 22% reported tolerance, 19% salience/preoccupation and mood modification, and 25% reported conflict as a result of gaming. According to a sleep analysis, 31% of respondents had trouble falling asleep, and 62% slept for 7–8 hours every day. Furthermore, 48% of people had sleep latency within 15 minutes. With p < 0.001, Pearson's correlation revealed a significant positive relationship between mobile gaming addiction (MGA) and effects on physical and sleep health (IPSH) (r = 0.694) as well as between MGA and effects on sleep and physical health (r = 0.749). The most prevalent diseases were musculoskeletal pain (69%), vision issues (71%), and psychological distress like hopelessness (8%).

Benign Yet Alarming: Cystitis Glandularis and Cystica with Gross Hematuria : A Case Report

2025-06-02T00:58:16+00:00

Introduction: Cystitis glandularis and cystitis cystica are benign proliferative conditions of the bladder mucosa, often arising as a reactive response to chronic irritation or inflammation. While frequently asymptomatic, they can occasionally present with alarming symptoms such as gross hematuria and urinary retention, mimicking malignancy.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 43-year-old uncircumcised male who presented with acute urinary retention and gross hematuria due to intravesical blood clots. Physical examination revealed suprapubic fullness and a mildly enlarged prostate. A three-way Foley catheter with manual irrigation was required for decompression. Cystoscopic examination showed multiple raised mucosal lesions and pseudopolyps with active bleeding in the posterior bladder wall. Histopathological analysis of the bladder biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of cystitis glandularis and cystitis cystica. The patient was managed conservatively with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), bladder irrigation, and increased hydration.

Conclusion: Although benign, cystitis glandularis and cystitis cystica can present with severe urological symptoms such as hematuria with clot retention. Prompt evaluation with cystoscopy and biopsy is essential to exclude malignancy. Conservative management is often effective, but ongoing surveillance is recommended due to the potential for recurrence and the rare risk of malignant transformation.

Empathic Connection in School Counseling: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods Study among Junior High School Counselors in Semarang Regency, Indonesia

2025-06-05T05:55:55+00:00

This study investigates the development of empathic connection in school counseling practices among junior high school counselors in Semarang Regency, Indonesia. Empathic connection plays a crucial role in fostering supportive relationships between counselors and students. However, little is known about how this dynamic unfolds in real educational settings. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, this study integrates quantitative data from 30 counselors selected through proportionate stratified random sampling and qualitative data from in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion. The findings reveal that empathic connection is established through active listening, mutual respect, and the counselor’s ability to understand students’ cognitive and emotional states. Disconnection may occur due to factors such as limited time, inadequate facilities, and overlapping responsibilities. In such cases, counselors employ reconnection strategies including asking open-ended questions, rescheduling sessions, and understanding students’ psychosocial backgrounds. Both internal factors (e.g., emotional strain, fear of failure) and external factors (e.g., workload, environment) affect empathy continuity. These findings suggest that empathy in school counseling is not static but requires continuous adaptation and regulation. Institutional support and empathy-focused training are therefore essential to help school counselors maintain effective engagement and promote student well-being.

Improving Patient Safety in Stomach Carcinoma Follow Up: Low-Dose Ct Imaging for Accurate Diagnosis

2025-08-27T07:04:48+00:00

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The Effect Of Learning Organization And Leadership Style On Teacher Performance Mediated By Elementary School Teachers' Work Motivation In Kolaka District

2025-06-12T05:04:52+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of Learning Organization and Leadership Style on Teacher Performance, mediated by Work Motivation in Elementary Schools in Kolaka Regency. The research was conducted using a sample of 277 respondents and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The objectives of this study include analyzing the influence of Learning Organization on Teacher Performance, analyzing the influence of Leadership Style on Teacher Performance, analyzing the influence of Work Motivation on Teacher Performance, analyzing the influence of Learning Organization on Work Motivation, analyzing the influence of Leadership Style on Work Motivation, as well as analyzing the role of Work Motivation as a mediator between Learning Organization and Teacher Performance, and between Leadership Style and Teacher Performance. The results of the study show that Learning Organization has a positive and significant influence on Work Motivation, which in turn enhances Teacher Performance. Leadership Style also proved to have a positive influence on both Work Motivation and Teacher Performance. Additionally, Work Motivation serves as a mediator that strengthens the influence of Learning Organization and Leadership Style on Teacher Performance. This study provides important contributions to human resource development in education, demonstrating that Learning Organization, Leadership Style, and Work Motivation together significantly improve teacher performance. The practical implication of this research is the importance of implementing supportive Learning Organizations and leadership styles to create high work motivation, which will ultimately enhance teacher performance in elementary schools.

Clinicopathological Characterization of Central Nervous System and Spinal Histiocytosis: A Three-Case Series Including Langerhans and Non-Langerhans Cell Subtypes

2025-08-26T21:36:06+00:00

Background:
Histiocytic disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and spine are rare and diagnostically complex, requiring integration of clinical, radiological, histopathological, and molecular data. Recent classifications emphasize molecular alterations, including ALK gene fusions, which define ALK-positive histiocytosis as a distinct, therapeutically actionable entity. Accurate subclassification is essential for effective treatment.

Case Reports:

We report three cases representing different CNS histiocytic subtypes.

Case 1: A 27-year-old male presented with progressive lower limb weakness and radicular pain. MRI showed an intradural lesion initially suspected to be a schwannoma. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed ALK-positive histiocytosis, with KIF5B-ALK fusion detected by RT-PCR. Complete resection led to full neurological recovery with no recurrence at 4 years.

Case 2: A 36-year-old male presented with headaches and focal seizures. Imaging revealed a dural-based lesion mimicking meningioma. Histopathology demonstrated Rosai-Dorfman disease with emperipolesis and an S100-positive, CD1a-negative immunophenotype. The patient remains disease-free at 2 years post-resection.

Case 3: A 36-year-old male with vertebral Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) presented with back pain and radiculopathy. Diagnosis was confirmed by CD1a and Langerin positivity; BRAF V600E mutation testing was negative.

Conclusions:
This series highlights the diagnostic challenges of CNS histiocytic disorders and underscores the value of comprehensive histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular profiling. Subclassification facilitates accurate diagnosis and guides individualized treatment, including the potential use of targeted therapies.

A Lethal Twist - Case of Gastric Perforation Secondary to Gastric Volvulus

2025-05-19T10:08:03+00:00

Gastric volvulus may be defined as an abnormal anterior or posterior rotation of part or almost all of the stomach about either the coronal or the sagittal axis of the body. The stomach, being fixed by the gastrophrenic ligaments above and by the peritoneum covering the second portion of the duodenum below, is limited in mobility between these fixed points only by the length of the lesser curvature and the length of the gastrohepatic omentum, and may be displaced within these limits by extrinsic pressure from whatever cause. This interesting condition is not of recent discovery, being first described by Berti in 1886, who found the condition at autopsy. Acute presentation of gastric volvulus is a rare condition with a high mortality for acute ischaemia. A 45-year-old female , homemaker with no notable past medical history presented to the emergency with history of generalized acute abdominal pain more over the right hypochondrium. . CECT abdomen revealed moderate volume of free fluid and air ( perihepatic and beneath anterior abdominal wall) with dependent air-fluid is seen within peritoneal cavity suggestive of gastric perforation. Twisting of stomach over it’s axial plane/ short axis is seen with gastro-esophageal junction seen below pyloro-duodenal junction, suggestive of gastric volvulus. Hence she was taken up for exploratory laparotomy with near total gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy . Intraoperatively gastric perforation secondary to gastric volvulus with necrotic patch seen at the fundus of stomach anteriorly and body of stomach posteriorly . Postoperatively patient was kept NPO for 4 days . Gastrograffin study was done , revealed no anastomotic leak . Hence she was started on liquid diet gradually progressed to soft solids . Gastric volvulus is a rare surgical emergency which may become life-threatening if not treated timely. It is characterized by abnormal rotation of the stomach, causing vessel strangulation, ischemia or in some cases even perforation. Acute gastric volvulus is a surgical emergency with high morbidity and mortality. The most important factor in diagnosing acute volvulus of the stomach is a high index of suspicion. A constellation of clinical symptoms along with radiological studies helps in making the diagnosis. Emergency laparotomy is needed to prevent serious complications like gangrene and perforation

Effect Of Yoga And Meditation On Stress Related Oral Ulcers Amongst Dental Undergraduates Of A Private Dental Teaching Institution In Sangareddy District

2025-07-08T09:40:43+00:00

Background: Undergraduate dentistry students often endure significant levels of clinical and academic stress, which can lead to stress-related mouth problems, particularly recurrent aphthous ulcers. Yoga, and particularly pranayama (yogic breathing), is a well-studied non-pharmacological strategy for lowering stress and improving mental health.

Objective: To investigate how undergraduate dental students' perceptions of stress and the prevalence of stress-related mouth ulcers are affected by yoga and pranayama.

Methods: A cross-sectional interventional study was carried out at MNR Dental College and Hospital in Sangareddy. Two groups of 400 students each were created: Group B served as the control group and received materials, while Group A (intervention) received 15 days of supervised Pranayama training. Stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). To find ulcers linked to stress, clinical oral examinations were performed. SPSS v25 was used to analyse the data, and chi-square and t-tests were used to assess statistical significance (p < 0.05). Clinical oral examinations were conducted to identify stress-related ulcers.

Results: Prior to the intervention, 25% of students had high levels of stress, and 32.5% of students had clinical mouth ulcers. After the intervention, Group A showed a significant reduction in both high stress levels (from 25% to 2.5%) and ulcer prevalence (from 70 to 15 instances; ↓78.6%). According to chi-square analysis, there is a strong relationship between stress and mouth ulcers (χ² = 28.67, p 0.001), and yoga significantly reduces the incidence of both stress and ulcers.

Conclusion: Pranayama significantly reduces the incidence of stress-related mouth ulcers and dental undergraduates' feelings of stress. Students' oral health and mental resilience may be enhanced by incorporating yoga into the dental curriculum

Atypical Presentation of Extraocular Sebaceous Carcinoma on The Cheek: A Case Report

2025-07-27T19:49:39+00:00

N\A

Isolation and Characterisation of Dominant Fungal Species from Bathinda, Punjab, India

2025-06-02T13:58:19+00:00

Background: Fungi play crucial roles in ecosystem functioning and have significant environmental and biotechnological applications. This study aimed to assess fungal diversity and identify predominant species from environmental samples collected in Bathinda, Punjab, India.

Methods: Environmental samples were collected from various locations, including rhizospheric soils and infected plant tissues. Fungal species were isolated using standard culturing techniques and identified based on colony morphology and microscopic characteristics. Representative isolates were selected for molecular identification through 18S rRNA gene sequencing, and sequences were submitted to GenBank for confirmation and phylogenetic analysis.

Results: A total of 25 fungal isolates were recovered and classified into multiple genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Rhizopus, Talaromyces, Botrytis, Purpureocillium, Acremonium, and Trichoderma. Frequently isolated species included Aspergillus niger, A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, Penicillium citrinum, P. oxalicum, P. bilaiae, Purpureocillium sodanum, and Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis. Rhizospheric soil samples yielded isolates such as Purpureocillium sodanum, Trichoderma spp., Acremonium implicatum, Talaromyces pinophilus, and A. ochraceopetaliformis, while infected plant tissues contained less frequently isolated genera such as Botrytis, Alternaria, Fusarium, Bipolaris, and Curvularia spp.

Conclusion: Fungal diversity in the agro-climatic region of Bathinda, Punjab, remains poorly documented. Notably, Purpureocillium sodanum, and Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis were identified for the first time in Punjab, India. Their isolation from the rhizosphere of healthy plants highlights their potential ecological and biotechnological significance. The findings provide baseline data for future studies on fungal biodiversity, plant–microbe interactions, and sustainable agricultural applications in this underexplored region.

Restoration of Sitting Balance and Bladder Control via Epidural Stimulation in SCI: A Clinical Study

2025-06-17T16:22:07+00:00

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in impaired mobility and bladder dysfunction, significantly reducing an individual's quality of life. Epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) has shown potential in enhancing functional outcomes in individuals with SCI by modulating spinal neural circuits.

Methodology: This study investigated the effects of ESCS on walking ability, sitting balance, and bladder function in individuals with thoracic SCI. Ten (10) participants with lesions ranging from T6 to T10 underwent an 8-week intervention. Functional assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Function in Sitting Test (FIST), and the Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score (NBSS). We performed Paired t-tests to analyze the significance of changes across the measured variables.

Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated significant improvements in all three outcome measures. The average TUG time decreased by 385.4 seconds (p < 0.0001), indicating improved mobility. FIST scores showed improvement by an average of 31.9 points (p < 0.0001), reflecting enhanced sitting balance. NBSS scores decreased by 13.4 points (p < 0.0001), suggesting improved bladder function. The effect sizes were large across all measures, supporting the clinical relevance of the findings.

Conclusion: ESCS appears to be a promising therapeutic approach for enhancing mobility, postural control, and bladder function in individuals with thoracic SCI. These findings support the integration of ESCS into rehabilitation protocols to enhance quality of life in this population.

Trends in the Utilization of Blood Components in The Intensive Care Unit in A Tertiary Care Hospital

2025-07-30T11:47:28+00:00

Background: Guidelines for component transfusion are often not followed. Risks are also associated with transfusion and vary with different investigators.

We evaluated the utilization of blood and its components among intensive care unit (ICU) patients and studied the association between transfusion and increased morbidity and mortality.

Methods: Retrospective study on total 250 patients in ICU >24 hours with 694 transfusion events for 7 months. Components (number and type) transfused, length of stay (LOS) in ICU and hospital, complications and mortality were recorded.

Results: A total of 250 of 2102 ICU patients were transfused. Of these 516 (31.40%) were packed cell (PC), 415 (25.26%) platelets concentrate (PLTC), 686 (41.76%) were fresh frozen plasma (FFP), totaling 1643 transfusions. Of the PC transfusions, 60(33%) patients had hemoglobin (Hb)<7g/dl and 77(42.3%) had Hb between Hb 7-9g/dl. Sixty-six (26.4%) of 250 patients were transfused with PLTC of which 53(80.3%) had platelet count<20000/cu.mm. There were 120/250(48%) FFP transfusions of which 83(69.2%). Hb ≤ 9.0g/dl for PC, platelets ≤ 20000/cu.mm for PLTC, INR ≥1.6 (PT≥17s) for FFP were the triggers for respective component transfusion.

The mortality among the transfused patients is 22.4%(56/250) compared to that 19.8%(248/1852) of the non-transfused (p=0.00001,significant). The transfusion of PC & PLTC together showed 3.76 (odds ratio) times higher mortality than any other component transfused, either singly or in combination.

Conclusions: Transfusion triggers largely agreed with other studies. Mortality is significantly associated with transfusion. The ICU stay increased with PC transfusions i.e. the more the ICU stay, the more likely is the increase in patients being severally transfused.

A Case Of Marjolins Ulcer Arising From Chronic Scar Post Burns: A Case Report

2025-06-06T09:57:22+00:00

N\A

Tailoring Surgical Intervention By Comparing Outcomes Of Definitive One Stage Vs Staged Repair For Female Anorectal Malformations With Recto Vestibular Fistula

2025-07-15T08:38:49+00:00

Background : The corrective management of Anorectal malformations with recto vestibular in female babies by single stage surgery with good surgical yield is a challenge. Here we assess the immediate and mid-term outcomes of definitive repair by single stage vs staged repair in cases of Anorectal malformation with recto -vestibular fistula.

Material and Methods : Consecutively patients operated for ARM with Recto vestibular fistula in KLE’s Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital ,Belagavi were taken in the study.22 patients who met inclusion criteria were included in the study and were divided into 2 Groups by randomization .A prospective comparative study was conducted between Jan 2017 to Dec 2024 with minimum follow up of 5 monthss.

RESULTS:[22] Patients were included (Group A:Single stage /primary repair group[11], Group B:Staged surgery group[11]) . Both the groups had a comparable results however the rates of infection and continence issues were slightly more in primary repair patients. Patient compliance and quality of life scoring was better in primary repair patients (Group A).

Conclusion-The outcomes of primary repair and multi staged repair for ARM with recto-vestibular fistula were comparable however the long term issues and complications were acceptable in both groups. A systemic review and meta-analysis is required to assess the outcomes in large sample size of patients operated by primary repair (ASARP) procedures.[7]

Environmental Health Risk Analysis of Exposure to Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) in Dug Well Water in Banta-Bantaeng Sub-district, Makassar City

2025-06-29T14:35:31+00:00

Clean water is one of the most important necessities of life it can be a primary means to improve public health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the health risks of exposure to iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in dug well water in Banta-Bantaeng Village, Makassar City. This study is an observational study with environmental health risk analysis (EHRA). The results showed that the level of risk of exposure to heavy metal iron for adults was 3 x 10³ ml/L/day while for children it was 9 x 10² ml/L/day, which means that on average the community around the Banta-Bantaeng Village Area, Makassar City is at risk of experiencing health problems in children and adults because the THQ value is > 1. For the risk level of exposure to heavy metals manganese, the average for adults is 2 x 10⁵ ml/L/day while for children it is 2 x 10² ml/L/day, which means that on average, the community around the Banta-Bantaeng Village Area, Makassar City is at risk of experiencing health problems in children and adults because the THQ value is > 1. The average level of health risk of exposure to iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in dug well water in Banta-Bantaeng Village, Makassar City, is at risk for health.

Next-Gen Data Security Using Hybrid Cryptography and Email-Based Two-Factor Authentication

2025-08-05T04:18:07+00:00

Now-a-days it must be mandatory for the organization to properly secure data using cryptographic techniques-the advancing digital communication and cloud storage. Despite the effectiveness of hybrid encryption mechanisms used in the traditional models, they are not easily implemented in the environment where there is high throughput because of the bottleneck in performance and vulnerability. An original algorithm in hybrid cryptography, ARB3, is brought forward in this paper. This next-generation algorithm combines the merits of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), and the BLAKE3 hashing algorithm. The three components brought together form a fast, secure, and efficient data protection mechanism: high speed symmetric encryption from AES, secure key establishing capabilities from RSA, and fast and secure hashing for data integrity verification from BLAKE3. This model also adds an electronic email 2FA to give an extra layer to access control and user verification: time-sensitive one-time passwords issued to their registered email account. Through rigorous test cases, ARB3 has been found to perform better as regards both encryption and decryption speed and throughput improvements over common cyber threats against traditional models. Hence, this hybrid model is scalable and robustly geared up to provide a state-of-the-art solution for contemporary applications where the demand for high-performance adaptable crypto systems is becoming more urgent.

Risk Factors and Survival in Asphyxia Neonates in Nicu Care of Rsud Daya Makassar

2025-05-26T02:23:56+00:00

Background: Neonatal asphyxia is one of the diseases that cause neonatal mortality, SDGs have a target to end neonatal mortality which is done by addressing the health problems that cause neonatal mortality itself. The survival of asphyxia neonates is influenced by several factors originating from the mother and fetus.

Objective: To analyze the proportion of asphyxia neonate survival, risk factors, hazard ratio, and the most dominant factor affecting neonate survival.a

Methods: Retrospective cohort study was designed in this study using 351 medical records of neonates who experienced neonatal asphyxia in 2019-2023 at Daya Hospital Makassar City, while to analyze the effect of independent variables on dependent variables, Cox regression analysis was conducted as well as to predict the hazard ratio of each variable on the survival of neonates who experienced neonatal asphyxia.

Results: From all samples, the proportion of neonates who survived was 68%, severe neonatal asphyxia in neonates caused more neonatal mortality. Risk factors that statistically influenced neonates survival were maternal age (HR=1.939, CI=1.270-2.961), premature rupture of membranes (HR=2.005, CI=1.240-3.242), LBW (HR=2.107, CI=1.275-3.479), and prematurity (HR=1.803, CI=1.103-2.945).

Conclusion: LBW factor is the most dominant factor affecting neonate survival, thus good maternal knowledge and health services are needed so that good planning can be done long before the pregnancy process occurs, so that dangers and complications during pregnancy can be minimized.

Analysis Of Factors Affecting Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) On Nurses At Nunukan Regional General Hospital

2025-07-04T08:32:55+00:00

Background. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are disorders of the muscoleskeletal system including muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, joints and bones. Factors that affect MSDs are age, BMI, work period, workload and fatigue. Aims. This study is to analyze the relationship between age, BMI, tenure, workload and fatigue to the occurrence of MSDs complaints in nurses at RSUD Nunukan. Methods. This study used a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The study sample consisted of 150 nurses selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire to measure MSDs complaints, as well as NASA-TLX and KAUPK2 questionnaires to measure mental workload and job fatigue. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression. Results. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between BMI (p=0.027), length of service (p=0.035), physical workload (p=0.018), mental workload (p=0.039) and job fatigue (p=0.028) with the incidence of MSDs in nurses. The age factor (p=0.498) did not have a significant relationship with MSDs. Conclusion. BMI, length of service, physical workload, mental workload and job fatigue are factors that influence the incidence of MSDs in nurses at RSUD Nunukan. Preventive efforts such as the implementation of work ergonomics, workload management, and physical health promotion need to be improved to reduce MSDs complaints among nurses.

The Influence Of Human Resource Management Practices On Organizational Effectiveness Mediated By Work Involvement And Performance Of Police Personnel In Southeast Sulawesi Regional Police

2025-06-03T15:18:57+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effect of human resource management practices (HRMP) on organizational effectiveness at the Southeast Sulawesi Regional Police, mediated by work engagement and police personnel performance. This research also analyzes the direct and indirect effects of HRMP, work engagement, and personnel performance on organizational effectiveness at the Southeast Sulawesi Regional Police. The method used in this study is quantitative analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the relationships between these variables. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to personnel at the Southeast Sulawesi Regional Police, with 349 respondents. The results of the study show that good human resource management practices, such as relevant training, proper motivation, and development opportunities for personnel, have a positive and significant impact on organizational effectiveness. Good HRMP also enhances work engagement among personnel, which in turn improves their performance. Optimal personnel performance contributes to organizational effectiveness, indicating that individual performance is a key element in achieving organizational goals. Furthermore, work engagement was found to strengthen the relationship between HRMP and organizational effectiveness, with personnel performance acting as a mediator between work engagement and organizational effectiveness. This study provides evidence that effective HRMP, including training and performance rewards, can improve personnel engagement and performance, which in turn enhances organizational effectiveness. These findings suggest that improving HRM management can serve as a main driver for increasing organizational effectiveness at the Southeast Sulawesi Regional Police. Therefore, good HRMP is essential for achieving better and more efficient organizational goals.

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier: An Approach for Topical Antifungal Drug Delivery

2025-08-18T18:23:20+00:00

Nanostructured lipid carriers are the advanced generation of lipid based nanoparticles made by blending of solid lipids with a certain proportion of liquid lipids resulting in less ordered lipid matrix that offer better stability delivery of the carrier molecule. Nanostructured lipid carriers were prepared by using seasame oil as a liquid lipid and piroctone olamine as a carrier. Optimization of nanocarrier was performed by design of experimentation, Box-Behnken design was used in optimization on the basis of three factors. Particle size of piroctone olamine loaded nanostructured lipid carriers was observed 155.7 nm. Optimized formulation was observed stable till the 12 months at room temperature conditions

The Role Of Lifelong Learning In Mediating The Effect Of Organizational Justice On Lecturer Engagement In Private Universities

2025-06-19T00:39:32+00:00

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of organizational justice on lecturer engagement, as well as to examine the mediating role of lifelong learning in the relationship. The focus of this study is lecturers at private universities in Mamuju Regency, a developing area facing the challenge of limited resources. This study uses a quantitative approach by collecting data through questionnaires distributed to permanent lecturers in two PTS totaling 165 permanent lecturers with proportional convenience sampling techniques. The analysis technique uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS). The results of the study indicate that organizational justice has a positive and significant effect on lifelong learning and lecturer engagement. Then lifelong learning affects lecturer engagement. In addition, lifelong learning is proven to significantly mediate the influence of organizational justice on lecturer engagement. These findings emphasize the importance of creating a fair work environment and supporting continuous learning to improve the quality of the tridharma of higher education

Strategic Planning for Wolio Language Maintenance in An Effort to Optimize the Use of Regional Languages in Baubau City

2025-06-17T00:59:05+00:00

The objectives of this research are to: (1) identify and analyze the role of internal factors in the preservation of the Wolio language in Baubau City; (2) identify and analyze the external factors influencing the preservation of the Wolio language in Baubau City; and (3) formulate strategic planning for the preservation of the Wolio language to optimize the use of regional languages in Baubau City. This study uses both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the SWOT analysis method. The results show that the role of internal factors in the preservation of the Wolio language in Baubau City falls into several categories: a) language preservation within families is still dominant among speakers over the age of 50, whereas families either older or younger than this age group who live in multiethnic environments tend to use Indonesian or mixed languages; b) local communities play a role in preserving the Wolio language; and c) traditional institutions, religious leaders, and community figures continue to uphold the use of the Wolio language in various activities. External factors also play a significant role in preserving the Wolio language in Baubau City, particularly through: a) national policies such as Law Number 24 of 2009 Article 42 Paragraph 1, Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2022 concerning the Preservation and Development of the Wolio Language, Literature, and Script, and Mayor Regulation No. 17 of 2023 on the local curriculum of Wolio language and script at the elementary and junior high school levels, as well as initiatives by the Southeast Sulawesi Language Center through language revitalization; and b) collaboration between academics, the government, the Southeast Sulawesi Language Center, traditional leaders, cultural figures, and literacy activists. The SWOT-4K analysis of the Wolio language preservation strategy resulted in an IFAS score of 3.232 and an EFAS score of 3.251, indicating that an aggressive strategy is the most appropriate, as it shows strong internal capabilities and promising opportunities for preserving the Wolio language, especially in Baubau City.

Effectiveness Of Education Media On Breastfeeding Behavior Among Pregnant Women At Namrole And Leksula Health Centers In Buru Island, Indonesia

2025-06-14T03:34:46+00:00

Background: Breast milk offers optimal nutrition for infants, containing antibodies that safeguard against numerous diseases while meeting their energy requirements. Nevertheless, numerous mothers remain uninformed about the advantages of breastfeeding.

Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of education media in promoting breastfeeding behavior in pregnant women.

Materials and Methods: experimental research using the quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control Group Design. Involving 36 pregnant women divided into two groups, the intervention group was given education (Leaflets and Maternal and Child Health Books) and the control group (Maternal and Child Health books). The sampling technique was Simple Random Sampling, with the sample criteria being third-trimester pregnant women. Leaflet feasibility test results were declared very feasible by two material experts and feasible by two media experts. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-Square tests.

Results: This study demonstrated significant differences in mothers' knowledge and attitudes before and after educational interventions using Leaflets and MCH Books in both the intervention group (p=0.000) and the control group (p=0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups (p>0.05). The intervention and control groups exhibited a statistically significant difference in breastfeeding practices (p=0.030).

Conclusion: The combination of education through leaflets and Maternal and Child Health (MCH) books is equally effective as MCH books alone in enhancing the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women; however, it demonstrates greater efficacy in promoting breastfeeding practices.

Etiological Spectrum And Antibiotic Resistance Of Uropathogens In Various Forms Of Pyelonephritis: Clinical And Microbiological Research

2025-06-22T19:46:27+00:00

Pyelonephritis is one of the most common infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary system, with a high proportion of hospitalizations and the risk of chronicling the process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the etiological spectrum of pyelonephritis pathogens and determine their sensitivity to the main groups of antibacterial drugs in patients with acute and chronic forms of the disease. The study included 68 patients undergoing inpatient and outpatient treatment. A bacteriological analysis of urine was performed to identify the pathogens and determine their antibiotic sensitivity. It has been established that Escherichia coli remains the dominant pathogen, however, an increase in the proportion of Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is observed. A high degree of resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline and fluoroquinolones has been recorded, especially among nosocomial strains. The optimal first-line drugs are cephalosporins of the third generation and carbapenems. The results obtained confirm the need for regular microbiological monitoring and revision of local empirical therapy regimens, taking into account local resistance.

Persistant Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycaemia Of Infancy And Neonates : Surgical Management And Intermediate Term Outcomes

2025-07-31T06:55:41+00:00

Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia of infancy, also called nesidioblastosis, or congenital hyperinsulinism, is a disease characterized by hyperinsulinemia even with hypoglycaemia, which may result in brain dysfunction as the brain thrives on glucose exclusively. The other causes of this hypoglycaemia are ruled out before aggressive medical treatment. Finally, surgical treatment is advised, where the use of early surgery, which is major, involving near complete removal of the pancreas, is undertaken. Here, we try to address the management with these four cases.

The Role of Glycemic Control and Vitamin D3 Levels in Modulating mRNA Expression of GLUT4 and IL-6 in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2025-07-03T03:50:38+00:00

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation. The molecular mechanisms of glucose transport and inflammation in T2DM are influenced by both glycemic status and vitamin D3 levels, particularly through their effects on GLUT4 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 34 newly diagnosed male T2DM patients aged 40–60 years. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum 25(OH)D3, and IL-6 levels were measured using ELISA, and mRNA expression of GLUT4 was assessed by RT-qPCR. Correlation analysis and path analysis (PLS-SEM) were performed to evaluate the direct and indirect relationships among variables. Results: HbA1c levels showed a significant negative correlation with GLUT4 expression (r = –0.711, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation with IL-6 levels (r = 0.747, p < 0.001). Vitamin D3 levels mediated the effect of glycemic control on both IL-6 and GLUT4, with significant indirect effects observed (p < 0.05). Path analysis revealed that vitamin D3 partially mediated the relationship between HbA1c and molecular markers of inflammation and glucose transport. Conclusion: Poor glycemic control is associated with increased IL-6 and decreased GLUT4 expression in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Vitamin D3 plays a mediating role in this mechanism and may serve as a therapeutic adjunct to modulate inflammation and glucose transport at the molecular level. These findings highlight the metabolic significance of vitamin D beyond bone health, particularly in the early management of T2DM.

Physicochemical Properties of Oxaliplatin and Their Impact on Formulation Development

2025-06-03T11:14:06+00:00

The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of active pharmaceutical ingredients are revealed by preformulation investigations, which are an essential stage in the drug formulation process. Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based anticancer drug used in colorectal cancer treatment, is the subject of this study preformulation. The main factors assessed are UV spectroscopy, melting point determination, partition coefficient, solubility, infrared spectroscopy, X-RD, and HPLC are examples of preformulation studies for antitumor agents. Oxaliplatin is appropriate for aqueous formulations due to its high water solubility and adequate stability. With a melting point of 200°C, the drug's crystalline nature was discovered by thermal research, indicating its stability under typical storage settings. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy compatibility studies showed positive interactions with excipients frequently seen in injectable formulations

IoT-BCR: A Blockchain and Cognitive Radio-Based Framework for Secure and Efficient Wireless Communication

2025-04-18T10:26:19+00:00

Blockchain technology, cognitive radio systems, and the Internet of Things (IoT) combine to create a potentially exciting new way to improve communication security, dependability, and efficiency in the quickly changing field of wireless communication. This work presents a novel solution to handle the issues of data integrity and spectrum scarcity in Internet of Things environments. It is called the "IoT-based Blockchain and Cognitive Radio (IoT-BCR)" project, and it combines these technologies. In order to minimize computing overhead and enable dynamic spectrum access, the IoT-BCR project uses lightweight algorithms for cognitive radio decision-making. Enhancing data integrity and reliability is possible by utilizing blockchain technology, which guarantees the safe and unchangeable documentation of device interactions. Better communication performance and robustness were shown by a prototype system that was created and tested in a smart city setting. By advancing safe and robust IoT ecosystems, our research opens the door to more intelligent and connected urban settings

Job Satisfaction of Special School Teachers

2025-06-12T07:29:46+00:00

The study's primary objectives were to find out the level of job satisfaction of special school teachers, to find out the significant difference between male and female special school teachers in their job satisfaction, to find out the significant difference between rural and urban special school teachers in their job satisfaction, to find out the significant difference among teaching experiences below 5 years, 6 to 10 years and above 10 years’ special school teachers in their job satisfaction, and to find out the significant association between age of special school teachers in their job satisfaction. A survey method was used for the study. A simple random sampling technique was used for selecting 500 special school teachers in Tamil Nadu. The self-made tool Job Satisfaction Scale, was used to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for analysing the data. It was found that the level of job satisfaction of special school teachers is moderate, there is significant difference between male and female special school teachers in their job satisfaction, there is no significant difference between rural and urban special school teachers in their job satisfaction, there is significant difference among teaching experiences below 5 years, 6 to 10 years and above 10 years’ special school teachers in their job satisfaction, and there is significant association between age of special school teachers in their job satisfaction.

Nursing Interventions in stem cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases: A Systematic Review

2025-06-12T07:33:44+00:00

Background: cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality globally. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment modality, and nurses play a critical role in the care continuum, from patient preparation to post-therapy monitoring. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing evidence on nursing interventions supporting stem cell therapy and outcomes in CVDs.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published between 2013 and 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on peer- reviewed studies reporting nursing-led or nursing-related interventions in adult patients undergoing stem cell therapy for cardiovascular conditions. Quality appraisal was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools.

Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Study 1 emphasized the importance of pre-therapy education, demonstrating that structured nurse-led counseling significantly improved patients' treatment adherence and reduced anxiety levels (p < 0.05). Study 2 explored infection prevention practices, revealing that standardized aseptic protocols administered by trained nurses lowered catheter-related bloodstream infections by 30%. Study 3 highlighted the role of nurses in the mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cells, where a nurse- coordinated care model improved stem cell yield and patient satisfaction scores. Study 4 investigated post-transplant cardiac monitoring, finding that nurse-implemented telemetry surveillance facilitated early detection of arrhythmias in 92% of patients. Study 5 evaluated symptom management, showing that tailored nursing interventions reduced fatigue and dyspnea scores during recovery. Lastly, Study 6 reported that continuity of care through nurse- led follow-up clinics significantly enhanced quality-of-life measures and reduced 90-day hospital readmission rates by 25%.

Conclusion: Nursing interventions are pivotal in optimizing the delivery and effectiveness of stem cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases. From pre-treatment education to long-term follow-up, nurses contribute significantly to patient outcomes. Further research is needed to standardize these interventions and assess their cost-effectiveness across diverse clinical settings.

AI-Driven Optimization of Classroom Seating: A Machine Learning Approach to Enhancing Student Performance, Collaboration, and Engagement

2025-06-12T09:30:22+00:00

The classroom seating plans should be studied as they provide information regarding learning outcomes, coopera- tion among students as well as learning achievements. Assigning students to their seats is a common practice in many classrooms and it is quite inflexible in placing students in according to their learning style, social behavior or ability meaning many children end up out of their seat and disengaged, in problems with peer interaction or learning, consequently they get low grades. To achieve this, the following K-Means clustering algorithm shall be implemented for enhancing the classification of seats in the classroom. This one combines the student’s academic performance, behavior, learning style, and the feedback from the teacher and assigns flexible organisational learning spaces based on them. This way, the system not only categorises the students for collective interaction, but also cuts on interferences and increases the organizational capacity of the classroom. For the analysis of data, we are concurrently preprocessing the data using Python and reporting the results using Streamlit. This leads to real time teaching and communication between the Instructors and students but above all it allows easy arrangement of students’ grouping and reseating. To avoid overcrowding which might affect the quality of education and the body accommodations, a ranking mechanism is established. Research suggests that by implementing seating changes based on AI, there is improved students’ involvement, group activity and even academic achievement. In this regard, teachers mentioned that most students can derive benefits from exercise some control over them in learning structures. In relation to AI, this work adds to the utilization of machine learning for the optimization of smart, learning environments. The next steps in the work to be carried out will be to apply reinforcement learning and deep learning to continue the optimization of the seating arrangements according to the activities taking place in the classroom

Index Terms—AI-Driven Classroom Management, Intelligent Seating Optimization, Educational Data Science, Student-Centric Learning Environments, Adaptive Learning Spaces, Collab- orative Learning Clusters, Machine Learning in Pedagogy, Behavioral-Aware Seating Arrangement, Academic Performance Clustering, Data-Driven Classroom Design, K-Means-Based Stu- dent Grouping, AI-Powered Student Engagement, Automated Seating Allocation, Personalized Classroom Seating, Learning Analytics for Classroom Optimization

Proactive Cancer Screening Through Convolution Neural Networks

2025-06-12T11:12:45+00:00

Melanoma represent one of the most perilous types of skin cancer due to their rapid progression and the challenges associated with diagnosis. This research used the HAM10000 dataset to demonstrate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), the most sophisticated deep learning model for classifying skin cancer lesions. During this investigation, we gathered 10,015 dermatoscopic images and classified them into seven separate kinds of skin lesions. The model performs feature extraction and classification hierarchically using fully connected, pooling, and convolutional layers. This endeavor has resulted in an impressive 98.57% training accuracy and 93.34% validation accuracy, representing a substantial improvement over the previously used approach. Essential performance metrics, such as accuracy, recall, and F1-score, demonstrate the model's efficacy in detecting different types of skin cancer. We obtained high accuracy, an F1 score, and sub-optimal recall. The evidence indicates that CNN-based approaches may facilitate early diagnosis, improve treatment results, and reduce dermatologists' workloads. This study's results contribute to the advancement of skin cancer research

Emerging Lipid based Systems for Antifungal Delivery: A comprehensive review

2025-06-12T12:14:35+00:00

Aim: The increasing prevalence of fungal infections and the rise of antifungal resistance necessitate innovative drug delivery strategies to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging lipid-based delivery systems—such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), liposomes, and lipid-drug conjugates—developed for efficient antifungal drug delivery.

Methodology: A systematic literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, focusing on studies published between 2005 and 2025. The selected articles were screened for relevance to lipid-based antifungal drug delivery, formulation strategies, physicochemical characteristics, in vitro/in vivo efficacy, and toxicity profiles. Comparative evaluation was performed to assess the advantages and limitations of each system.

Results: Lipid-based formulations demonstrated superior drug encapsulation, improved solubility of poorly water-soluble antifungal agents (e.g., itraconazole, amphotericin B), sustained release profiles, and enhanced skin/mucosal penetration. Among these, NLCs and liposomes showed significant promise in reducing systemic toxicity and improving site-specific delivery. Novel hybrid and surface-functionalized lipid systems further enhanced antifungal selectivity and bioavailability, especially in dermal and mucosal applications.

Conclusion: Emerging lipid-based delivery systems represent a transformative approach in antifungal therapy, overcoming the limitations of conventional formulations. Their ability to enhance pharmacokinetic profiles, target infected tissues, and reduce drug resistance makes them promising candidates for future clinical applications. However, further translational studies and regulatory validations are warranted to ensure large-scale applicability and patient safety.

Nanocellulose from Agricultural Waste for Neonatal and Biomedical Implant Applications

2025-06-13T04:31:58+00:00

Nanocellulose, a nanoscale form of cellulose derived from plant biomass, has emerged as a promising sustainable material owing to its exceptional properties such as high mechanical strength, large surface area, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and surface chemistry. This review explores the extraction of nanocellulose from various agricultural residues including wheat straw, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, corn stalks, and coconut husk using eco-friendly methods such as acid hydrolysis, enzymatic treatment, and mechanical disintegration. Emphasis is placed on optimizing extraction processes to yield biomedical-grade nanocellulose while minimizing environmental impact. The application of nanocellulose in biomedical implants, particularly for neonatal use, is discussed with a focus on its roles in tissue engineering scaffolds, wound healing matrices, and drug delivery systems. Its structural similarity to natural extracellular matrices, along with non-toxicity and minimal immunogenicity, makes nanocellulose a highly favourable material for sensitive clinical applications. Additionally, functionalization of nanocellulose surfaces enables antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative enhancements tailored to neonatal care. This review highlights the dual benefits of agricultural waste valorisation and the development of advanced green biomaterials, positioning nanocellulose as a next-generation component in biomedical implants while addressing sustainability and health care innovation.

A Prospective Study on the Accuracy of O RADS MRI in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Adnexal Lesions After Ultrasound Imaging in Reproductive and Post menopausal Women

2025-06-13T04:37:11+00:00

Background: Accurate characterization of adnexal masses is critical in gynecological practice. Ultrasound (US) is the frontline tool, yet indeterminate lesions remain common. The American College of Radiology Ovarian‑Adnexal Reporting and Data System for MRI (O‑RADS MRI) was developed to standardize post‑US risk stratification. Evidence on its prospective performance in routine practice—particularly across the full reproductive spectrum—remains limited.

Methods: In this single‑centre prospective study (January 2023 – December 2024), consecutive reproductive and post‑menopausal women with sonographically indeterminate adnexal masses underwent 3 T pelvic MRI with a dedicated O‑RADS protocol. Two fellowship‑trained radiologists assigned O‑RADS MRI scores (1–5) blinded to histology. Reference standards were surgical histopathology or ≥ 6‑month imaging follow‑up. Diagnostic metrics were calculated for the threshold O‑RADS ≥ 4 (high risk). Sub‑analysis examined performance in reproductive (< 50 y) versus post‑menopausal (≥ 50 y) cohorts.

Results: One‑hundred‑twenty women (mean age ± SD 48.9 ± 13.8 y) with 120 lesions were analysed; 42 (35%) were malignant, 8 (7%) borderline, and 70 (58%) benign. O‑RADS MRI yielded sensitivity 88.1%, specificity 85.7%, positive predictive value 78.0%, negative predictive value 92.4%, and overall accuracy 86.7%. Area under the ROC curve was 0.93 (Figure 1). Performance was similar in reproductive and post‑menopausal groups (p = 0.46). Lesions with lipid‑rich solid enhancement (newly classified as O‑RADS 4 in the 2022 revision) accounted for 10% of malignancies.

Conclusion: A prospectively applied O‑RADS MRI algorithm provides high accuracy for differentiating benign from malignant adnexal lesions after indeterminate US, irrespective of menopausal status. Adoption could reduce unnecessary surgery while expediting oncologic referral. Future multicentre work should evaluate cost‑effectiveness and integrate advanced diffusion and radiomics biomarkers.

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Toddlers and Its Association with Dietary Practices

2025-06-13T05:09:55+00:00

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a leading nutritional concern in early childhood, particularly affecting toddlers in low- and middle-income countries. During the rapid growth phase between 12 to 36 months, inadequate dietary intake, poor feeding practices, and socioeconomic factors contribute significantly to anemia risk. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IDA among toddlers and evaluate its association with dietary and socioeconomic variables.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at Meenakshi Medical College and Hospital, Kancheepuram, from January to September 2024. A total of 150 toddlers aged 12–36 months were included using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through structured interviews with caregivers regarding feeding practices, dietary diversity, and socioeconomic background. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were measured to diagnose IDA according to WHO guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was found to be 26%. Toddlers aged 24–36 months (32.5%) and females (29.7%) showed significantly higher prevalence. Breastfeeding for more than 6 months was associated with a lower rate of IDA (18.6%) compared to shorter or non-exclusive breastfeeding (32.7%) (p = 0.001). Similarly, high dietary diversity correlated with reduced anemia prevalence (12.5%) compared to low diversity (37.5%) (p = 0.02). Socioeconomic factors also played a significant role; toddlers from low-income families and those with parents having lower educational levels were more likely to be anemic. Additionally, lack of iron supplementation, low birth weight, maternal anemia, and limited access to healthcare were significant predictors.

Conclusion: IDA continues to be a moderate public health issue among toddlers. The study emphasizes the importance of prolonged breastfeeding, diverse diet, and socioeconomic support in preventing anemia during early childhood. Strategies that integrate nutrition education, supplementation, and early screening are essential to reduce the burden of anemia and promote healthy growth in this vulnerable population.

Serum Tumor Markers As Predictors Of Treatment Response And Survival In Patients With Cervical Cancer: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

2025-06-13T07:55:48+00:00

Background: Serum tumor markers have emerged as promising biomarkers for risk stratification and treatment monitoring in cervical cancer, yet their precise clinical utility remains incompletely defined. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of serum tumor markers for treatment response and survival outcomes in cervical cancer patients.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Five databases were searched from inception to December 2024 for studies evaluating serum tumor markers in cervical cancer patients with treatment response or survival outcomes. Study quality was assessed using appropriate risk of bias tools. Data were extracted on marker performance, survival outcomes, and clinical characteristics. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models where appropriate.

Results: Sixty-eight studies encompassing 12,456 patients were included. The most frequently studied markers were squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag, 42 studies), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, 38 studies), cancer antigen 125 (CA-125, 35 studies), and cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1, 18 studies). Pre-treatment elevation of SCC-Ag in squamous cell carcinoma was associated with significantly reduced overall survival (pooled HR: 2.47, 95% CI: 2.12-2.87, p<0.001) and progression-free survival (pooled HR: 2.89, 95% CI: 2.47-3.38, p<0.001). CA-125 demonstrated superior performance in adenocarcinoma patients (overall survival HR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.89-2.82, p<0.001). All major markers retained independent prognostic significance after adjustment for clinical variables. Marker normalization within 3 months of treatment initiation was associated with improved outcomes across all markers. For recurrence detection, SCC-Ag achieved 78.9% sensitivity and 91.2% specificity in squamous cell carcinoma, while CA-125 showed 73.4% sensitivity and 89.7% specificity in adenocarcinoma. Multi-marker approaches demonstrated superior performance, with combined sensitivity reaching 84-87% for recurrence detection.

Conclusions: Serum tumor markers demonstrate significant independent prognostic and predictive value in cervical cancer management. Histology-specific strategies optimize clinical utility, with SCC-Ag preferred for squamous cell carcinoma and CA-125 for adenocarcinoma. These biomarkers enhance risk stratification beyond conventional clinical variables and provide valuable information for treatment response monitoring and post-treatment surveillance. Integration of multi-marker approaches and emerging liquid biopsy technologies offers promising opportunities for personalized cervical cancer management.

In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity And Phytochemical Study Of An Indigenous Plant Species Of Meghalaya

2025-06-13T08:34:41+00:00

Objective: Antimicrobial activity refers to the ability of substance, such as a drug, chemical, or plant extract to inhibit the growth or destroy microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. The plant Anemone rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex. DC., indigenous to the northeastern state of Meghalaya, is traditionally believed to possess pharmacological properties for the treatment of microbial infections, inflammations, and cancer related conditions. This study aims to evaluate the in-vitro antimicrobial potential and identify the active phytoconstituents present in the leaves of A. rivularis.

Methods: The leaves were subjected for methanolic extraction. The crude extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli for antimicrobial activity using agar well diffusion and UV spectrophotometer methods. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for active crude extracts were done using agar well diffusion technique.

Results: It was observed that the crude extracts showed highest activity against the selected bacterial strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 60 µL. The activity indices and zones of inhibition were compared with commercially used standard antibiotic azithromycin and Penicillin G and provide evidence of the methanolic extract's antibacterial efficacy. The UV spectrophotometry method also showed significant inhibition zone at a wavelength of 600nm against the bacterial strains. TLC with phytochemical study showed the presence of active phytoconstituents like flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids & steroids.

Conclusion: These results suggest that A. rivularis contains different phytoconstituents having medicinal properties and justify the traditional use for the treatment of antimicrobial diseases. However, research on in-vivo methods along with toxicity study is recommended to validate the safety for society.

Molecular detection of Dientamoeba fragilis among patients at Raparin Teaching Hospital for Children in Erbil City, Iraq using nested PCR

2025-06-13T08:58:31+00:00

Dientamoeba fragilis is a globally distributed protozoan parasite that is recognized as a causative agent of gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly within pediatric populations. The incidence of infections has increased in recent years, largely due to the implementation of more sensitive molecular techniques that have enhanced both the detection and diagnosis of this organism. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Dientamoeba fragilis among pediatric patients using nested PCR technique. It represents the first molecular investigation of this parasite in Iraq. A total of 100 stool specimens were collected from children aged between (>1 - 12) years. The analysis revealed higher prevalence rate of 19% using nested PCR compared to 17% observed through primary PCR. The highest infection rate was recorded in the age group of 1 to 3 years. These findings underscore the critical need of enhancing public and clinical awareness regarding D. fragilis infections within this country

Personality Traits as Predictors of Burnout and Work-Life Balance in Healthcare Practitioners

2025-06-13T09:20:37+00:00

Healthcare professionals face immense psychological and emotional challenges due to the demanding nature of their work. Burnout and work-life balance are pressing concerns that significantly impact their well-being and job performance. This review explores the role of personality traits in predicting burnout and work-life balance, drawing on empirical studies and theoretical perspectives such as the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. The findings indicate that neuroticism is a significant risk factor for burnout, while conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness act as protective factors. The review also highlights gaps in the literature, including the need for longitudinal studies, cross-cultural research, and intervention-based approaches tailored to individual personality profiles. Addressing these gaps can help develop targeted strategies to enhance resilience and well-being among healthcare professionals.

Functional Outcome Of Posteromedial Soft Tissue Release Following Failed Ponseti Technique In Children With Congenital Talipes Equinovarus

2025-06-13T09:24:29+00:00

Background: The complicated deformity known as idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus is challenging to treat. Although the majority of orthopaedicians agree that non-surgical treatment (Ponseti method) should be used as a first line of treatment, if non-surgical treatment is unsuccessful, surgical soft tissue release should be recommended for improved outcomes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment method by conducting follow-up on 15 patients who undergoes posteromedial soft tissue release.

Methods: Posteromedial soft tissue release (PMSTR) was performed on 15 patients at KLE Jagadguru Gangadhar Mahaswamigalu Moorsavirmath Medical College and Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics between June 2023 and May 2024. Up to a year and a half, patients received routine follow-up care. The Denis-Brown classification was used to grade the severity of foot abnormalities.

Results: The study included 15 patients, 93% patients aged less than 4 years, with male predominance 60%. 40% were bilateral cases. The average duration of casting done was 8.2 ± 1.4 weeks. Pre operative Pirani scoring showed significant deformity with mean of 5.2 ± 0.4, and postoperatively it was improved to 1.1 ± 0.6. Functional outcome measured by modified Laaveg and Ponseti score revealed 60% of patient had excellent results.

Conclusion: The PMSTR technique significantly reduces the need for extensive corrective surgery and is a safe and economical treatment for congenital idiopathic clubfoot after failed Ponseti method. Technique failure can be attributed to late-life surgery and noncompliance with orthotics following surgery.

Curative Activity of Jasminum Sambac on Experimentally Induced Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis in Rat Model

2025-06-13T09:59:56+00:00

Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, is a multifactorial disorder marked by the formation of crystalline deposits, predominantly calcium oxalate, within the urinary tract, often associated with oxidative stress and altered urinary composition. This study aimed to evaluate the curative potential of ethanol extract of Jasminum sambac leaves in an experimentally induced rat model of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Thirty male Wistar albino rats (200–250 g) were randomly assigned into five groups: normal control, lithiatic control (administered 0.75% ethylene glycol and 1% ammonium chloride for 28 days), standard group treated with Cystone (500 mg/kg), and two treatment groups administered Jasminum sambac extract at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Parameters assessed included body weight, urine volume, pH, urinary and serum levels of uric acid, calcium, creatinine, and magnesium, along with antioxidant markers (SOD and GSH), urine microscopy, and kidney histopathology. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. The results revealed that Jasminum sambac extract significantly (P<0.05–0.0001) improved urine output, reduced urinary crystal deposition, restored urinary and serum biochemical parameters, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity. Histopathological analysis confirmed reduced tissue damage and crystal deposition in the treatment groups, especially at 500 mg/kg dose. In conclusion, Jasminum sambac demonstrates significant anti-urolithiatic and antioxidant activities, supporting its traditional use in treating renal disorders and indicating its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for kidney stone management.

A Comprehensive review on Limonene: A Versatile Ingredient in the Cosmetic Industry

2025-06-13T10:06:02+00:00

A naturally occurring monoterpene hydrocarbon that is mostly isolated from citrus fruits, limonene has drawn a lot of interest in the cosmetics industry because of its many uses. This chemical has several advantages, such as antibacterial properties, a nice scent, and possible skin benefits. Limonene is a common option for fragrances in body care products, colognes, and perfumes because of its refreshing aroma. Its zesty scent improves customers' entire sensory experience by being frequently linked to freshness and cleanliness. Limonene has antibacterial action against a variety of microorganisms in addition to its aroma qualities, which makes it a possible inclusion in skincare products to help stop the growth of germs and fungus. Apart from its antibacterial and aroma qualities, limonene has also been researched for possible skin health advantages. According to some study, limonene may have antioxidant qualities that help shield the skin from harm brought on by free radicals. Its ability to increase skin suppleness and lessen wrinkle appearance has also been studied. To completely comprehend the mechanics underlying these possible advantages, more study is necessary. Because of its flexibility, limonene is used in a variety of cosmetic items, such as body lotions, soaps, hair care products, colognes, and fragrances. It is anticipated that limonene's use in cosmetics would rise in tandem with consumer desire for sustainable and natural components. However, it's crucial to remember that limonene might irritate certain people, so its application needs to be carefully thought out, particularly in products meant for delicate skin

Immunohistochemical Expression of Vegf in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Its Correlation with Clinic morphological Features

2025-06-13T11:46:15+00:00

INTRODUCTION:Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal malignancy in adults, accounting for approximately 90% of kidney cancers. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers play a critical role in understanding RCC progression and guiding targeted therapy. Angiogenesis is a critical step in the growth, invasive progression and metastatic spread of solid tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is key regulator of angiogenesis, process of building new blood vessels, which is essential for tumor development and metastasis. Role of VEGF in RCC is not well established.

AIM:The aim of our study was to analyse VEGF expression in different histological variants of RCC and its relationship with histological type, tumor grade, pathological stage, necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, other clinicopathological parameters.

MATERILAS AND METHODS:A retrospective study was performed using paraffin blocks of Renal cell carcinoma reported between 2018 to 2024. For light microscopy screening, sections were initially stained with haematoxylin and eosin stains. In further sections, a primary antibody against VEGF was applied. The level of VEGF expression in renal cell carcinoma was evaluated using a scoring system.

RESULTS:Forty cases with renal cell carcinoma were included. In our study, immunohistochemical positivity showed no significant association with histological type, grade, pathological staging, or lymphovascular invasion (p > 0.05 for all). However, a statistically significant correlation was observed with tumor necrosis (p = 0.015), indicating a potential link between marker expression and necrotic changes in renal cell carcinoma.

CONCLUSION:In this study of renal cell carcinoma, VEGF expression did not significantly vary by histological type, grade, pathological stage, or lymphovascular invasion. However, a significant inverse association was observed between VEGF expression and tumor necrosis (p = 0.015), indicating that reduced VEGF expression is linked to increased tumor necrosis. These findings suggest that VEGF plays a critical role in maintaining vascular integrity within the tumor microenvironment and may have prognostic significance in RCC

In-silico & In-Vitro study for Assessment of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity of the secondary metabolites containing the leaves extract of Acacia suma L.

2025-06-13T12:07:42+00:00

One of the main sources for developing new, efficient medications is thought to be medicinal plants. In this context, the study's objectives were to determine whether polyphenolic and flavonoid fractions were present using phytochemical screening in chloroform extracts of Acacia suma L leaves and to assess the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of these fractions. Additionally, in silico analysis was carried out using the extract's phytochemical screening as a basis, and it was followed by previously reported compounds with antibacterial activity contributed by phenolic, terpenoids, and flavonoids—present in the plant extract as it was confirmed by LC-MS/MS results of the extract obtained during the study. The principle behind this analysis is molecular docking, which uses PyRx software to predict activity, and the Swiss ADME web portal was used to perform ADME analysis of the same reported phytoconstituents in order to infer their pharmacokinetic properties. The Procheck online portal and Discovery Studio visualizer were used to validate the receptors or protein structures that were taken into consideration in the docking investigations. For the in vitro antibacterial investigation, the disc diffusion assay was used against two strains of bacteria that are non-pathogenic in nature. The investigation revealed somewhat strong antibacterial activity, and MIC calculations were also performed. Total phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid content were quantitatively estimated from the obtained extract. Antioxidant activity of the plant extract also had been performed by using the peroxide method. IMODS web portal was used for the simulation study of the selected receptor.

Formulation and Evaluation of Buccal Disintegrating Tablet Containing Anticonvulsant Drug

2025-06-15T06:12:41+00:00

The oral and buccal routes are widely recognized as the most convenient and patient-friendly methods of drug administration, offering ease of use, safety, and improved compliance. Buccal disintegrating tablets provide an advantage over conventional dosage forms, especially for patients who experience difficulty in swallowing, such as those with dysphagia, motion sickness, or neurological conditions. These tablets dissolve rapidly in saliva without the need for water, ensuring quick onset of action and ease of administration.

The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of buccal disintegrating tablets of Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant drug, using β-Cyclodextrin to enhance its solubility and stability. β-Cyclodextrin is a well-established pharmaceutical excipient known for improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs through complexation. Various formulations were prepared using the direct compression method, and the tablets were evaluated for physicochemical parameters including disintegration time, drug release profile, and mechanical properties.

Among the different formulations tested, formulation F5 exhibited the most promising results, with rapid disintegration and a high drug release rate of 99.99%. The study concludes that β-Cyclodextrin-based buccal disintegrating tablets of Gabapentin are a viable alternative for enhancing bioavailability and improving patient compliance..

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzothiazepines As Potential Antifungal, Anti-Tubercular and Cytotoxic Agents

2025-06-15T15:28:44+00:00

The present study describes the synthesis and biological activity of chalcone based 1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives from3,4-dichloroacetophenone by condensation with 2-aminothiophenol. The chemical characterization data of 1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives was done by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral methods. The results of the biological evaluation of synthesized compounds for their preliminary antifungal, antitubercular, and cytotoxic activities are included. The antifungal activity of 1,5-benzothiazepines was greater for benzothiazepine scaffolds, which are much more required for the activity. Most of the compounds were nearly equipotent against both the fungal species Aspergillus niger and Candida tropicalis. However, compound o, containing a 2"-thienyl ring present at the 5^th position of the pyrazoline scaffold, was the most potent, with a MIC of 1 µg/mL. The compounds h and m containing 4”-trifluorophenyl and 2”-furyl scaffolds were next in activity against both Aspergillus niger and Candida tropicalis with MICs of 2 µg/mL. Most of the othercompounds were also active against both the fungal strains at MIC 4–16 µg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the 1,5-benzothiazepines was found to be greater for the compound o (MIC = 2 µg/mL) containing a 2”-thienyl ring at the 2^nd position of the benzothiazepine scaffold, which was found to be more potent than the standard cytotoxic

Dental Caries Management in Children Using Silver Diamine Fluoride: A Comprehensive Contemporary Review

2025-06-16T04:04:33+00:00

Dental caries remains a widespread chronic disease in children, posing significant challenges in both clinical and public health domains. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF), a topical agent with dual antibacterial and remineralizing properties, has gained recognition as an effective, non-invasive solution for caries arrest in pediatric populations. This review offers a comprehensive evaluation of SDF, detailing its composition, physicochemical properties, mechanisms of action including antimicrobial and anti-enzymatic effects, clinical indications, application protocols, and safety profile. Special attention is given to its utility in children with early childhood caries (ECC), special health care needs, or limited access to conventional dental services. Additionally, the review discusses SDF’s interactions with restorative materials such as glass ionomer cements and resin composites, and summarizes relevant research findings. By synthesizing current evidence, this review underscores the potential of SDF as a frontline agent in pediatric dental caries management within the framework of minimally invasive dentistry.

The Interplay of Birth Order and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Shaping Resilience among young adults

2025-06-16T04:16:02+00:00

This study investigates the relationship between birth order, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and resilience among young adults. Employing a correlational research design, the research aims to ascertain the direction and strength of the relationships between these variables. A sample of individuals aged between 18 to 25 was selected using convenience sampling, ensuring participants could read and comprehend English. Data were collected through questionnaires, which were then coded and analyzed using JASP statistical software. The results indicated a weak negative correlation between adverse childhood experiences, resilience, and birth order

Arterial Spin Labeling and Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MRI in Evaluation of Adult Patients with Gliomas

2025-06-16T04:26:59+00:00

Objectives: To highlight the role of ASL and DSC perfusion MRI in the diagnosis, grading, and follow-up of adult patients with gliomas.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 40 patients with MRI features of glioma either for grading or for follow up ,aged from 19 to 68 years old. Non-contrast ASL followed by DSC-PI was done for all cases. The final diagnosis of the cases was established by histopathology.

Results: There was a highly strong correlation between absolute ASL- tumoral cerebral blood flow (tCBF) and absolute DSC -tCBF and DSC-cerebral blood volume (tCBV). ASL- tCBF was significantly different between IDH multiform (GBM) and IDH multiforme (GBM) residual after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Both ASL and DSCE qualitative color maps showed significant difference between low and high glioma grades. Both ASL-tCBF and ASL –rCBF had sensitivity of 91.9% ,specificity of 90.9 % ,PPV of 91.9% and NPV of 91.9% . DSC-tCBV had sensitivity of 91.6%, specificity of 81.8%, PPV of 84.6% and NPV of 90%.

Conclusions: ASL can serve as a good alternative for dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI in preoperative grading as well as in follow up of gliomas.

Sleep Quality and Its Correlates Among Adolescents-Cross Sectional Study

2025-06-16T04:52:30+00:00

Sleep quality has a long-term impact on health leading to depression among adolescent students. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalenceofsleepqualityanditsassociatedfactorsamongadolescentsofhigher secondary school. 514 adolescents from different schools were selected by the probability proportionate to size (PPS) method. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep quality among adolescents.

Frequency distribution and percentage were identified as descriptive analysis whereas chi-square test was done. Variables that were found statistically significant (P < 0:05) were further analyzed using the logistic regression model. Theprevalenceofsleepqualityinthisstudywas39.1%. In an analysis, religions, place of residence, satisfaction with academic performance, relationship with friends or classmates, more use of internet per day, and use of internet before falling asleep were found to be statistically significant with sleep quality. The overall prevalence of sleep quality among school going adolescent students was 39.1 percent which was comparatively high

Assessment Of Work-Related Stress and Anxiety Among Staff Nurses

2025-06-16T05:08:46+00:00

Background: Health professionals frequently suffer from stress and anxiety owing to the characteristics and working conditions typically found in hospitals. Pressure at work can be positive leading to increased productivity. However, when this pressure becomes excessive, it has a negative impact. The individual perceives themselves as being unable to cope and not to possess the necessary skills to combat their stress and anxiety. The aim of the study was to assess the level of work-related stress and anxiety among staff nurses.

Methods: The research approach selected for the study was a quantitative approach with descriptive design. Fifty staff nurses were selected through convenient sampling techniques. Demographic variables were collected by using interview questionnaires and the level of stress assessed by expanded nursing stress scale and the level of anxiety assessed by modified Hamilton anxiety rating scale.

Results: Majority of work related stress was moderate 70%, and anxiety was 60%. The study reveals that there is no significant association between work related stress and anxiety among staff nurses and their selected demographic variables.

Conclusion: The staff nurse had a moderate level of stress and mild level of anxiety at their workplace. Larger sample size will give a clear picture

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome Without Motor Deficits: A Case Report Highlighting Diagnostic Challenges

2025-06-16T05:29:06+00:00

Background: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is a rare condition characterized by cerebral hemiatrophy, calvarial thickening, and neurological deficits, typically secondary to early cerebral injury. Classical presentations include seizures, hemiparesis, and cognitive impairment, though atypical cases without motor deficits have been reported.

Case Report: A 19-year-old male presents with a long history of recurrent generalized seizures and cognitive impairment. Neurological examination revealed no focal motor deficits or hemiparesis. Brain imaging demonstrated marked left cerebral hemiatrophy, ipsilateral ventricular dilatation, prominent sulci, asymmetric calvarial thickening, and hyperpneumatization of the right frontal sinus, confirming DDMS despite the absence of motor weakness.

Discussion: This case highlights an atypical DDMS presentation without hemiparesis, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of the syndrome. The absence of motor deficits may be attributed to selective non-motor cortical involvement or compensatory neuroplasticity during early brain development. The imaging findings of left cerebral atrophy, ventricular enlargement, and ipsilateral osseous changes are pathognomonic for DDMS and likely reflect chronic hemispheric volume loss due to perinatal or childhood vascular insult. Notably, the seizure semiology and cognitive impairment align with prior reports, reinforcing the role of functional reorganization in masking motor deficits. This case also underscores the diagnostic challenge in patients without classic hemiparesis, necessitating a high index of suspicion when neuroimaging reveals unilateral cerebral atrophy.

Conclusion: This atypical presentation of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome without hemiparesis expands the recognized phenotype. Persistent refractory epilepsy and cognitive deterioration should prompt high-resolution neuroimaging for definitive diagnosis, individualized antiseizure-psychotropic regimens, and early multidisciplinary neurorehabilitation. Mitigating pharmacological interactions, socioeconomic constraints, and caregiver burden through cost-effective, integrated strategies may significantly enhance long-term functional outcomes.

A Rare Clinical Finding of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei in a Case of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

2025-06-16T05:34:54+00:00

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare condition marked by mucinous ascites and widespread peritoneal tumor deposits, most commonly arising from a perforated mucinous tumor of the appendix. This case report presents an atypical manifestation of PMP in a patient who initially presented with abnormal uterine bleeding. The report highlights the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and therapeutic approach.

The patient exhibited progressive abdominal distension, discomfort, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Diagnostic confirmation was achieved through detailed clinical evaluation, radiological imaging, and histopathological analysis. Surgical management involved cytoreductive surgery followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), which significantly enhanced the patient's prognosis.

Although PMP is uncommon, early recognition and prompt intervention are critical for improving outcomes. The combined approach of cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC remains the current gold standard in treatment. This case emphasizes the need for heightened clinical suspicion and a coordinated, multidisciplinary strategy to achieve optimal patient care

Conservative Management of Posterior Dental Fluorosis and Wear Facets Using Overlays and Crowns: A Case Report

2025-06-16T05:40:42+00:00

Dental fluorosis and occlusal wear present a restorative challenge, particularly when they coexist in posterior teeth. The present case report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of a 34-year-old female patient who presented with sensitivity and discoloration in posterior teeth due to moderate fluorosis and generalized wear facets. Clinical evaluation revealed a reduced vertical dimension, and a treatment plan involving a combination of overlays and full-coverage crowns was devised to restore function and esthetics conservatively. Overlays were employed where enamel preservation was possible, and crowns were limited to severely affected or RCT-treated teeth. Final restorations were fabricated in monolithic zirconia and bonded using adhesive cement. Post-operative results demonstrated functional stability, esthetic satisfaction, and resolution of sensitivity. This case emphasizes the effectiveness of minimally invasive prosthodontics in managing complex conditions involving fluorosis and attrition.

Lipid-Based Formulation of Nateglinide as a Promising Strategy for Managing Solubility Challenges in Type II Diabetes Therapy: A SMEDDS Approach

2025-06-16T06:15:37+00:00

The present study focuses on the development and optimization of a solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) of Nateglinide, a poorly water-soluble antidiabetic drug, to enhance its oral bioavailability. Initially, a liquid SMEDDS was formulated using Capmul MCM as the oil phase, Tween 80 as the surfactant, and Transcutol P as the co-surfactant, selected based on solubility studies and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The optimized liquid SMEDDS was subsequently solidified using Neusilin US2 as an adsorbent to obtain a free-flowing solid formulation. A Box-Behnken design was employed to systematically study the influence of three independent variables—Neusilin US2, Aerosil 200, and magnesium stearate-on critical formulation parameters including angle of repose, Carr’s index, and drug release. The optimized S-SMEDDS exhibited excellent micromeritic properties (angle of repose: 23.6° ± 0.2; Carr’s index: 13.7 ± 0.3; Hausner’s ratio: 1.13 ± 0.01), and demonstrated significantly enhanced in vitro drug release (98.7% within 30 minutes) compared to the pure drug. Solid-state characterization (FTIR, DSC, XRD, SEM) confirmed the transformation of Nateglinide into an amorphous state and its uniform distribution within the carrier matrix. These findings highlight the potential of S-SMEDDS as a promising strategy to improve the dissolution and oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs like Nateglinide

Bioavailability-Enhanced Nanoemulsion of Andrographolide for Oral Delivery: A Novel Antiviral Drug Delivery Strategy – A Research Study

2025-06-16T06:19:50+00:00

Background: Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal herb widely recognized for its broad-spectrum antiviral activity, primarily due to the presence of andrographolide. However, its therapeutic potential is significantly limited by poor water solubility, low oral bioavailability, and rapid metabolism.

Objective: This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a stable nanoemulsion-based oral syrup containing andrographolide to enhance its solubility, bioavailability, and antiviral efficacy.

Methods: Andrographolide was extracted from A. paniculata using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). A nanoemulsion was prepared using castor oil (oil phase), Tween 80 (surfactant), and propylene glycol (co-surfactant), followed by high-speed homogenization and ultrasonication. The formulation was evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, size distribution (polydispersity index), pH, viscosity, preliminary phytochemical evaluation, terpenoid content in extract and appearance.

Results: The developed nanoemulsion had an average droplet size of 191.1 nm and a zeta potential of –31.5 mV, indicating good stability. The pH between 5.5 and 7.0 and viscosity (75.7 cP) were within the acceptable range for oral administration. Phytochemical tests confirmed the presence of terpenoids. The nanoemulsion showed enhanced physicochemical stability and uniformity compared to conventional suspensions.

Conclusion: The formulated nanoemulsion-based syrup significantly improves the solubility and bioavailability of andrographolide. It holds promise as a stable, effective, and patient-friendly antiviral delivery system..

Effect of Aerobic and Balancing Exercises on Anxiety and Dizziness in Patients with Covid-19

2025-06-16T06:24:42+00:00

Background: The pathogen that causes COVID-19 is identified as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the pathogen that triggered the global pandemic., has emerged as a significant threat to global health, infecting over half a million people worldwide and resulting in numerous fatalities. Individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 frequently experience increased anxiety and disrupted sleep patterns as a result of isolation and medical treatment. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the impact of aerobic and balance exercises on anxiety and dizziness in post-COVID-19 patients. Subjects: The study involved 30 post-COVID-19 patients aged 45 to 65 years, experiencing anxiety and dizziness. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups and selected from the outpatient clinic at General Sohag Hospital. Methods: Group (A): The program included 15 patients who participated in aerobic exercises, balance training, and relaxation techniques over a four-week period, attending sessions three times per week. Group (B): Comprised 15 patients who performed only relaxation exercises focused on physical relaxation for the same duration and frequency. All participants underwent assessments both before and after the intervention using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Berg Balance Scale, and by measuring respiratory function through maximum voluntary ventilation.

Results: Both groups (A and B) showed significant improvements when comparing pre- and post-treatment assessments.demonstrated a notable reduction in anxiety and dizziness, along with a significant increase in maximum voluntary ventilation following the 4-week training period. After treatment, the mean scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were 17.2 ± 1.74 for Group A and 21.73 ± 1.44 for Group B. The mean scores on the Berg Balance Scale were 26.67 ± 5.73 for Group A and 22.2 ± 3.59 for Group B. Additionally, the mean values of maximum voluntary ventilation were 117.2 ± 16.74 for Group A and 108.13 ± 16.25 for Group B. However, participants in Group A, Participants who engaged in aerobic and balance exercises alongside relaxation techniques experienced a significantly greater decrease in anxiety and dizziness, along with a notable improvement in maximum voluntary ventilation (P < 0.001) compared to Group B. Conclusion: Aerobic and balance exercises, combined with relaxation techniques, are an effective approach to managing anxiety and dizziness in post-COVID-19 patients.

Medical Image Classification and Enhancement Using Machine Learning: A Focus on Fingerprint Colorized Data

2025-06-16T06:58:52+00:00

The consolidation of machine learning in medical image analysis has revolutionized diagnostic processes, specifically in the domain of patient identification and verification. Machine learning used in medical image analysis has transformed how patients are identified and verified for diagnosis. Fingerprint biometrics, which have historically been useful in forensic and civil identity applications, are now helping to secure patient authentication in healthcare. Even so, applying color to fingerprint data for medical use introduces new issues with accuracy and improving the quality of the images. The overall aim is to develop and test a sound computational system that not only enhances colorized image pattern recognition but also caters to the operational constraints of the medical environment. The dataset used in this study consisted of 35,000 structured fingerprint images that were synthetically colorized and labeled for identity classification tasks. They were drawn from several open-source and approved fingerprint repositories, including the NIST Special Database 302 and the Fingerprint Verification Competition (FVC) datasets, which were aligned with additional information using colorization algorithms developed for dermatoglyphic spectral analysis. This research project used three main model choices—ResNet, CNNs, and an MLP classifier—since they handled different strengths of the images we were working with. Each one of the three models—ResNet, CNN, and MLP—was trained and optimized using two main optimizers: Adam and SGD. An effective way of evaluating the models across several aspects was put together. How accurately the models were formed was the main measure of their performance. To assess the stability of the models, precision, recall, and F1-score were tallied for each class separately. The highest validation accuracy was attained by the ResNet18 model, suggesting that it did best on the test data compared to the others. Adding fingerprint biometric data to EHR systems considerably adds to the reliability and usefulness of the digital medical infrastructure. Because almost all medical providers now use certified EHR tools (as identified by the ONC), having secure and reliable login systems for each patient is more important than ever. Many interesting future approaches have the potential to address existing issues and improve what is known in the field. Applying GANs is one of the most interesting ways to produce realistic-looking fingerprint images.

Diagnostic Performance of Liquid-Based Versus Conventional Cytology In Body Fluid Examination: A Comparative Study

2025-06-15T16:06:08+00:00

Cytological examination of serous effusions is a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting malignancies, assessing tumour stage, and identifying inflammatory lesions. However, conventional smear techniques may be limited by low cellularity and obscuring background elements. Liquid-based cytology has emerged as a technique that may overcome these limitations. This study compares the cytomorphological features of body fluids processed by conventional smear and Liquid-based cytology methods.

AIM
The study compares the cytomorphological features of body fluids processed by conventional cytology and liquid-based cytology. It focuses on evaluating parameters such as cellularity, cell morphology, distribution, background, and architectural preservation for diagnostic accuracy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 124 body fluid samples, including pleural (n=53), peritoneal (n=53), and bronchial washings (n=18), collected between September 2023 and January 2025. Smears were prepared using both conventional cytology and Liquid-based cytology techniques and stained with Haematoxylin & Eosin, and Papanicolaou stains. Samples were evaluated for cellularity, cell morphology, distribution, background, and architecture using a standardized scoring system.

RESULTS
Liquid-based cytology smears consistently demonstrated superior performance in terms of cellularity, cell morphology, uniform distribution, and clear background when compared to conventional smears. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) across all sample types, enhancing overall diagnostic yield and interpretability.

CONCLUSION
Liquid-based cytology offers clear advantages over conventional smears in the evaluation of body fluids, improving the quality and efficiency of cytological assessment. Its adoption in routine practice may aid in more accurate and rapid diagnoses, particularly in effusion cytology

Optimizing Epilepsy Management In The Elderly: A Cohort Study Comparing Brivacetam And Levetiracetam

2025-06-16T09:26:02+00:00

Background: Managing epilepsy in older people is more difficult because of changes in how drugs work with age, cognitive decline, and a greater risk of side effects. Levetiracetam and Brivaracetam are newer-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that are often prescribed. However, there is still not enough real-world data comparing their safety, tolerability, and effects on quality of life in older people.

Objective: To see how levetiracetam and brivaracetam monotherapy affect the quality of life, seizure control, cognition, mood, frailty, and safety of older people with epilepsy over a 24-week treatment period.

Methods: This was a 24-week, open-label, observational cohort study done at a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, India. We enrolled 80 people with epilepsy who were at least 65 years old and divided them into two groups of 40 based on whether they were currently taking levetiracetam or brivaracetam. The Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL-35), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and seizure diaries were all used for baseline and follow-up assessments. We checked compliance every month and kept track of any bad things that happened during the study.

Results: At 24 weeks, both groups had significant improvements in their OPQOL-35 scores, but brivaracetam had a bigger mean improvement than levetiracetam (Δ = 5.4 points; p = 0.038). Both groups saw improvements in cognitive function and mood, but brivaracetam had a statistically significant edge in MMSE and GDS-15 change scores. Adverse events happened more often in the levetiracetam group (35%) than in the brivaracetam group (20%). Most of these events were mild neuropsychiatric or systemic symptoms.

Conclusion: Brivaracetam was better tolerated and led to bigger improvements in quality of life and cognitive measures than levetiracetam. This supports its use in older people with epilepsy.

Liposomal Delivery of mRNA-Based Therapeutics for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy: Design and Preclinical Insights

2025-06-16T11:29:28+00:00

The use of messenger RNA (mRNA) medication in cancer has transformed cancer immunotherapy by letting researchers directly add tumor-related proteins and immune system boosters into the treatment. Still, naked mRNA has problems with instability and not being taken well by cells, so advanced methods of delivery are required. Researchers and manufacturers have made liposomal formulations the standard for mRNA, as these protect it from degradation, help it be taken up by cells and ensure controlled reactions. The goal of this review is to study the design concepts behind liposomal mRNA drugs for cancer immunotherapies and look at their formulation, how they operate and results from preclinical experiments. We examine significant measurements that impact how effective therapy is such as the makeup of lipids, particle size determination, targeting approaches and how much immune activation occurs. It has been shown in recent studies on animals that perfected liposomal mRNA vaccines can produce effective immunity against cancer by improving the transfection of dendritic cells, lasting antigen display and arousing both CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses. Combining the detection of personalized neoantigens with liposomal delivery recently introduced a new cancer therapy which could minimize risk and be more effective overall for patients than the traditional treatments.

Antiulcer Activity of Clerodendrum Serratum Extract on Albino Rats

2025-06-16T11:35:10+00:00

Clerodendrum serratum (Verbenaceae) is an important medicinal plant growing in the tropical and warm temperate regions like Africa, Southern Asia; Malaysia and distributed throughout in forests of India and Sri Lanka. It is traditionally valued and reported for treating pain, inflammation, rheumatism, respiratory disorders, fever and malarial fever in India with a long history.Ethnomedicinal uses C. serratum (Bharangi) is widely used in indigenous systems of medicine for the treatment of respiratory disease, especially asthma, and several other diseases in a crude combination with several other drugs According to Aryabhishek it is useful in cough, swelling, breathlessness, wound, fever, rheumatism, tuberculosis etc. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India indicated the use of the dried roots for cough, bronchitis, dyspnea, chest diseases and sinusitis. Pharmacognostic evaluation established the macroscopic and microscopic parameters for the identification of whole plant and its powder. Physicochemical parameters were also set forth while quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest quantity of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins.

The present study was carried by aspirin plus pylorus ligation induced ulcer models in albino rats. The antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum Serratum (EOCS) and ethyl acetate extract of ClerodendrumSerratum (EACS) were compared with standard drugs (Ranitidine). In pyloric ligation induced ulcer model, the studied parameters were gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index.In aspirin pyloric ligation model the volume of gastric content, total/free acidity and pepsin activity was significantly decreased and pH of the gastric juice was significantly increased at in EOCS treated groups as compared to control group. All the doses of EOCS showed dose dependent antiulcer effect as well as significant (p<0.05) reduction in the ulcer index as compared to control group in all the experimental models.The results of the study indicate that the Ethanol extract of Clerodendrum serratum have better potential against ulcer.

Molecular Identification of Uropathogenic Bacteria via 16S rRNA Gene Amplification and Sequencing

2025-06-16T11:39:35+00:00

Urinary tract infections pose challenges to physicians, with antibiotic resistance hampering traditional approaches. Microbiological methods often fail to differentiate closely related bacterial strains, necessitating molecular resolution. This research aimed to identify uropathogenic bacteria using 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing.

Urine samples from 40 diagnosed patients were collected at local hospitals and diagnostics centres, Bhubaneswar. Samples were cultured on selective media for uropathogen growth and incubated at 37°C for 24–48 hours. Microbial growth was observed in 32 samples. Colonies with distinct morphology underwent Gram staining and biochemical tests for identification. Genomic DNA was extracted from purified isolates using commercial kits per manufacturer's protocols. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified using universal bacterial primers through PCR. Amplification products were analysed via agarose gel electrophoresis to confirm size. PCR products were purified and sequenced. The sequences were compared against NCBI GenBank using BLAST for species identification based on homology.

Results showed Escherichia coli as the predominant uropathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Molecular identification provided taxonomic precision, corroborating or reclassifying phenotypic designations. Isolates displayed over 99% sequence identity to known uropathogenic strains, deposited in GenBank with accession numbers.

This research demonstrates integrating molecular diagnostics like 16S rRNA sequencing for accurate uropathogen identification. Such approaches enhance epidemiological tracking, diagnosis, and antimicrobial stewardship by linking identity and resistance. Findings contribute to understanding etiology, offering a framework for improved infection management.

Optimized Approach for Precise Segmentation of COVID-19 Infected Regions in Chest X-ray Images

2025-06-16T11:55:04+00:00

The swift and devastating impact of infectious diseases like COVID-19 has caused significant health and economic losses globally. Non-invasive methods, such as chest X-rays, are critical for COVID-19 detection, given the labor-intensive and time-consuming nature of PCR-based diagnosis. Advanced image processing techniques enhance chest X-ray analysis by improving image quality, extracting critical features, isolating lung regions, facilitating automated detection of infection patterns, and supporting radiologists in accurate diagnosis and disease monitoring. This paper introduces a hybrid methodology that leverages the UNet3+ model with a ResNet50 backbone for precise lung segmentation, ensuring enhanced focus and accuracy in subsequent analyses. The lung segmentation guides an iterative global thresholding (IGT)-based approach to detect COVID-19 infection patterns. Additionally, the methodology incorporates the Watershed algorithm as a post-processing step to refine the region of interest (ROI) boundaries, ensuring improved delineation of infection areas and reducing artifacts or noise. This integrated approach enhances the reliability and precision of automated COVID-19 diagnosis using chest X-rays. Experiments conducted on datasets from Lakeview Hospital, Goaves, Belagavi, and Kaggle validate the proposed method. Results show high performance metrics, including Accuracy (0.95), Precision (0.95), Recall (0.92), F1 Score (0.95), Dice Coefficient (0.97), Specificity (0.98), and Jaccard Index (0.96), with a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.1. The proposed method outperforms segmentation techniques like Adaptive Mean Thresholding, Otsu, Sauvola, and Niblack. Comparisons with manual results from medical experts and radiologists further confirm its effectiveness.

Morphometric Analysis of Occipital Condyles Using Multi- Detector Computed Tomography

2025-06-16T11:59:11+00:00

Aim The purpose of this work was to assess the morphometric analysis of occipital condyles (OCs) using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), as these anatomical structures are essential to the cranial base.

Methods The study population comprised 200 OCs from 100 patients, 64 of whom were male and 36 of whom were female, and whose ages ranged from 18 to 70 years. OCs were measured linearly.

Result The average OC width, length, height, and effective height were 10.98±1.47 mm, 15.55±1.86 mm, 9.97±2.28 mm & 6.69±1.16. All measurements were found significantly different between right and left sides Also the average intercondylar anterior distance (ICAD) & inter-condylar posterior distance (ICPD) were 16.04±2.90 & 31.78±3.17 respectively. The morphometric measurements varied significantly between age groups. There was a substantial gender difference in all morphometric parameters.

Conclusion MDCT can be used to assess OCs' morphometric evaluation in an efficient manner. The OCs' linear measurement data from this study could serve as a reference database for morphometric and surgical research in the future.

Morphometric Analysis of Clavicle: A Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Study

2025-06-16T12:03:42+00:00

The clavicle, a critical component of the shoulder girdle, plays a vital role in upper limb mobility and structural integrity. Its morphometry dimensions have significant clinical implications, particularly in orthopedic surgery, trauma management, and implant design. This study aims to analyse the morphometric characteristics of the clavicle using multi- detector computed tomography (CT) imaging. A total of 120 clavicles from a diverse adult population were evaluated using multi-detector CT scans. Measurements included clavicular length, width and depth of curvature at different segments. The study also assessed variations based on laterality (right vs. left) and gender differences. Preliminary findings indicate considerable individual and demographic variability in clavicular morphometry. Male clavicles exhibited greater dimensions than female counterparts, and significant asymmetry was observed between the right and left clavicles. Understanding these morphometric variations is crucial for optimizing surgical procedures such as intramedullary nailing and fracture fixation. This study provides a comprehensive database on clavicular morphometry, aiding orthopedic surgeons in preoperative planning and implant customization. The findings also contribute to forensic anthropology, prosthetic development, and biomechanical modelling. Future research may explore population-specific variations and the impact of age-related changes on clavicular structure.

A Novel Ensemble-Based AI Framework for Early Prediction of Monogenic Type 1 Diabetes in Neonates Using Maternal and Pregnancy Health Indicators

2025-06-16T12:17:12+00:00

While monogenic Type 1 diabetes in neonates is uncommon, it can critically endanger a child’s health if not diagnosed promptly. This study aims to develop an ensemble-based predictive framework utilizing AI for identifying neonatal monogenic diabetes risks using maternal and pregnancy-related health indicators. By employing a publicly available dataset, we reconstructed neonatal outcomes using AI-based pattern recognition. The proposed model utilizes Decision Trees (DT), Random Forests (RF), Gradient Boosted Trees (GBT), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) in a soft-voting ensemble framework. As our results indicate, ensemble methods outperformed individual classifiers, with ensemble approaches yielding higher accuracy as well as improved generalization. Overall, the framework can support clinicians in off-screening at-risk neonates, guiding proactive clinical action and tailored care after birth.

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition using Deep Learning Techniques

2025-06-16T14:16:50+00:00

The accurate recognition and computational evaluation of handwritten mathematical expressions present a significant challenge in the domain of intelligent systems and digital education. This complexity is primarily due to the diverse nature of human handwriting and the inherently two-dimensional structure of mathematical notation, which traditional Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems fail to interpret reliably. To address these limitations, this study introduces a deep learning-based framework employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the classification of individual handwritten symbols. The system is trained on a curated dataset of over 96,000 grayscale images encompassing 13 classes, including numeric digits and basic arithmetic operators. After classification, the identified symbols are reconstructed into complete expressions and evaluated using a programmatic method based on Python’s eval() function. The model achieves a training accuracy of 99.55%, demonstrating its efficacy in symbol recognition. Preprocessing techniques such as grayscale conversion, thresholding, contour extraction, and image normalization ensure consistent and high-quality input. The system’s modular design and low computational overhead make it suitable for real-world deployment, including on embedded and mobile platforms. This work lays a foundation for scalable, efficient, and accurate recognition of handwritten mathematical content, contributing to advancements in educational technologies and human-computer interaction

Effectiveness of Customary Legal Policy in Handling Rabies in Bali (Case Study in Sega Village, Karangasem Regency, Bali

2025-06-16T14:52:56+00:00

The spread of the rabies virus in Bali in the last three years is quite worrying, this is shown by the high number of rabies cases in Bali which are indicated to be caused by transmission from pets as vectors, such as dogs. The life of the Balinese people who free dogs as pets is indeed a supporting factor in the rapid spread of the rabies virus, for this reason it is necessary to implement legal policies that are able to control and deal with the danger of rabies in Bali. The existence of the existing law is felt to be not effective enough to reduce the rate of spread of rabies in Bali, so that concrete steps are needed to accelerate the handling of the people in Bali in a product of customary law which is indeed highly respected and obeyed by the people in Bali, most of whom live in unity. indigenous peoples. The purpose of this study was to look at the arrangements for dealing with the danger of rabies in customary law products, one of which was investigated in Sega Traditional Village, Karangasem Regency, Bali and to see how effective the implementation of this customary law was in handling the danger of rabies. The results showed that the management of rabies in Sega Traditional Village as a research location in Bali was formulated in customary law in the form of pararem, which explicitly obliges indigenous peoples to cage and report their pets to traditional village officials. The existence of this customary law in Sega Traditional Village was able to reduce the number of cases of rabies that occurred, so it was considered effective to be implemented in other villages in Bali

Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Studies Of (Z)-3-((5-Chloropyridin-2-Yl) Imino)-1-(Oxiran-2-Ylmethyl) Indolin-2-One

2025-06-17T04:29:20+00:00

Heterocyclic scaffolds, particularly those derived from isatin, have arisen as promising choices for the generation of new druglike candidates because of their structural flexibility and potent biological activity. This study describes the synthesis and characterization of a new N-substituted indolin-2-one derivative. The synthesized compound was structurally confirmed using FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and ESI-MS. The compound was synthesized via a one-pot reaction, and it is obtained in 80% yield. Furthermore, a thorough in-silico analysis was also performed by using ADMETlab 3.0, admetSAR3, and SwissADME. Its physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity profiles were compared to the reference. The synthesized indolin-2-one derivative showed positive absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties, improved drug likeness, and promising safety as well as efficacy markers, including low expected toxicity and high oral bioavailability. These results show that the synthesized indolin-2-one derivative shows a promising potential as a druglike candidate.

Normative Measurement of Ocular Muscle Using Computed Tomography

2025-06-17T04:53:32+00:00

Accurate assessment of extraocular muscle dimensions is crucial for diagnosing orbital and systemic pathologies. Computed Tomography (CT) offers high-resolution imaging for precise measurement of orbital structures. This study aims to establish normative values for the diameters of extraocular muscles in a healthy population using CT imaging and to evaluate variations based on age, gender, and laterality. A prospective analysis was conducted on CT head scans of 118 individuals without orbital pathology. Measurements included diameters of the medial, lateral, inferior rectus, and superior muscle groups for both eyes. The study establishes normative CT-based ocular muscle dimensions, providing a reference for clinical assessment in the Indian population.

Anatomical Parameters of The Nasolacrimal Duct in Children {Up West} Measured with Computed Tomography

2025-06-17T05:00:34+00:00

The nasolacrimal duct (NLD) plays a crucial role in tear drainage from the ocular surface to the nasal cavity, and its anatomical variations in children are of significant clinical relevance, particularly in the context of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). This study aims to evaluate the normative anatomical parameters of the NLD in the pediatric population using high-resolution imaging modalities, including multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Key parameters assessed include NLD length, diameter, angulation, and the morphology of the nasolacrimal canal.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on imaging data from paediatric patients aged 0–20 years who underwent head CT scans for non-lacrimal indications. The NLD was visualized in axial and sagittal planes, and measurements were stratified by age and gender. The study revealed that NLD length and diameter increased progressively with age, with statistically significant differences noted between age groups. No significant gender differences were found in most parameters. The angle of the NLD relative to the nasal floor was also found to vary slightly with age, which may potentially influence tear flow dynamics.

These findings establish normative reference values for NLD dimensions in children and enhance understanding of age-related anatomical development. The data have important implications for the diagnosis and management of CNLDO and for planning pediatric dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) procedures. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are recommended to validate these findings and explore ethnic or population-based variations.

The Physiological Effects of Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotransmitters as A Clinical Probe to Evaluate Thyroid Stimulating Hormone as Well as Thyroid Hormones Production

2025-06-17T06:04:47+00:00

Objective: To evaluate how peripheral glutamate injection affects human thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones production.

Methodology: In 2023, an exploratory inquiry was carried out from October 6 to December 30. Adult healthy men were randomly assigned to receive intravenous Monosodium Glutamate dosages of 0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg BW (n = 4 per dose). For one hour before and three hours after the injection of MSG, sequential blood samples were obtained at 30-minute intervals. Serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were assessed using specific enzyme immunoassays (EIA) or immunoenzymatic assays (IEMA). The effectiveness of MSG was evaluated by comparing the mean hormone concentrations measured before and after the pharmaceutical delivery timings using a t-test.

Results: With the exception of the 0 mg dose, all MSG dosages raised the serum TSH values (P < 0.05-0.005). Serum T4 concentrations were only shown to increase (P < 0.05) at the highest dose of MSG (20 mg). The mean blood T3 levels significantly decreased (P < (1.01-0.005)) following injections of 0 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg dosages of MSG. However, after receiving a 20 mg dosage of MSG by injection, no similar drop in T3 levels was seen.

Conclusion: For the first time, the current findings show that in case of adult males, the peripheral injection of MSG increases their secretion of thyroxine and TSH. These findings imply that glutamate plays a role in controlling a man's output of thyroid hormones and TSH

Early Prediction of Surgical Intervention in Neonates with Necrotizing Enterocolitis Using Machine Learning: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2025-06-17T06:12:05+00:00

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal emergency in neonates, frequently requiring surgical intervention. Early prediction of surgical necessity remains a major clinical challenge due to the rapid progression and heterogeneity of NEC presentations.

Methods: This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model to predict the need for surgical intervention in neonates diagnosed with NEC using routine clinical and laboratory data available within the first 48 hours of diagnosis.

Results: A retrospective cohort of 298 neonates diagnosed with NEC (Bell Stage II or higher) between 2015 and 2024 was analyzed. Thirty-two clinical and biochemical parameters were extracted. Four ML algorithms—Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and Support Vector Machine (SVM)—were trained and evaluated. Model performance was assessed using area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) was used to enhance interpretability.

Conclusion: Of 298 neonates, 102 (34.2%) required surgery. XGBoost achieved the best performance (AUC=0.91, sensitivity=87%, specificity=84%, F1-score=0.86). Key predictors included serum lactate, CRP, platelet count, abdominal distension, and oxygen requirement.

The proposed ML-based framework demonstrates high predictive accuracy for early surgical intervention in NEC. Its integration into clinical workflows could support timely decision-making and improve neonatal outcomes

Impact Of Caffeine and Decaffeinated Coffee on Blood Glucose Levels in Healthy Individuals And Type 2 Diabetes Patients on Antidiabetic Medication

2025-06-17T06:23:25+00:00

Background: Coffee is among the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide, yet its effects on glycemic control remain debated. While caffeine may acutely impair insulin sensitivity, decaffeinated coffee contains bioactive compounds potentially beneficial for glucose metabolism. This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess and compare the effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on glycemic parameters in healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on oral antidiabetic medications.

Methods: Conducted over three months at Astra Speciality Hospital, Chennai, the study enrolled 60 participants, equally divided into two groups: Group A (healthy individuals) and Group B (T2DM patients). Each group was further randomized to receive either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee daily. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), random blood sugar (RBS), and HbA1c were recorded at baseline and at study completion.

Results: In healthy participants, caffeinated coffee led to significant increases in all glycemic markers, while decaffeinated coffee showed slight improvements. Among T2DM patients, both coffee types improved glycemic control, but the decaffeinated group exhibited significantly greater reductions, especially in HbA1c.

Conclusion: Decaffeinated coffee may support better glycemic outcomes than caffeinated coffee in both healthy individuals and those with T2DM. These findings support incorporating coffee type into personalized dietary guidance for metabolic health.

Nutritional and Lifestyle Management in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos)

2025-06-17T07:30:37+00:00

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting 6-26% reproductive age women in the world. It is often associated with obesity, insulin resistance and various other metabolic impairment. Common treatment strategies include nutritional and lifestyle management along with pharmacological treatment. Studies have recommended that nutrition and exercise are key factors in the maintenance of health in women with PCOS. This narrative review aims to identify dietary and nutritional aspects of PCOS, role of nutritional supplements and exercise in prevention and treatment of PCOS in view of various studies. This will help to allow for an individual approach that will avoid unduly restrictive or nutritionally unbalanced diets.

Novel Quinazoline Moiety: Synthesis, In-Vitro Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modelling Studies

2025-06-17T10:46:52+00:00

The quinazoline core has emerged as a favorable scaffold for the development of novel EGFR inhibitors due to increased affinity for the active site of EGFR kinase. Currently, there are five first-generation (gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, vandetanib) and two second-generation (afatinib and dacomitinib) quinazoline-based EGFR inhibitors approved for the treatment of various types of cancers. The aim of this review is to outline the structural modulations favorable for the inhibitory activity toward both common mutant (del19 and L858R) and resistance-conferring mutant (T790M and C797S) EGFR forms, and provide an overview of the newly synthesized quinazoline derivatives as potentially competitive, covalent or allosteric inhibitors of EGFR

Exploring The Relation Between Stress and Knowledge of Risk Factors Among the Peptic Ulcer Patient at Ims & Sum Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

2025-06-17T10:57:10+00:00

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common global health issue, often leading to serious complications like gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess stress levels and knowledge about PUD among patients, and to examine the association between stress and selected socio-demographic variables. A non-experimental survey was conducted using purposive sampling of 70 patients at IMS & SUM Hospital, BBSR, Odisha. Data were collected through interviews using the Sheldon Cohen Stress Scale and a structured questionnaire. Results showed that 78.51% of patients had moderate stress, 4.28% had high stress, and the mean stress score was 17.5. Regarding knowledge, 47.14% had poor knowledge, 38.57% average, and 14.28% good. While most socio-demographic variables showed no significant association with stress, education and religion were found to be significant. The study concluded that PUD patients generally experience moderate stress and have low levels of knowledge about the disease.

Yolo Based Canny Human Body Parameter Estimation for E-Commerce

2025-06-17T11:13:48+00:00

In the rapidly evolving world of e-commerce, accurate human body parameter estimation is essential for enhancing online shopping experiences, particularly in the fashion and apparel industries. This paper presents an advanced system designed to estimate key body parameters using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm, known for its fast and reliable real-time object detection capabilities. The system efficiently detects and analyzes human body features to measure dimensions such as height, chest circumference, waist size, and limb proportions. By incorporating image preprocessing, feature extraction, and data refinement techniques, the model ensures precise estimations even in varied lighting conditions and diverse poses. The proposed approach addresses challenges in virtual fitting rooms, size recommendation engines, and personalized shopping experiences. Experimental results demonstrate the system’s accuracy, scalability, and potential for seamless integration into e-commerce platforms, thereby improving customer satisfaction and reducing return rates. This work contributes to the advancement of automated body measurement technologies, offering practical solutions for the growing demands of the online retail industry.

Attention-Driven Bidirectional LSTM For Context-Aware Sarcasm Detection

2025-06-17T11:44:13+00:00

Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems have a hard time with sarcasm since it is a complex linguistic sarcasm that depends on context and tone rather than literal sense. Traditional ML methodologies often inefficiently address these difficulties outstand to their dependence on manually formed features. To tackle this problem, we provide a new DL framework that integrates Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with attention mechanisms to advance sarcasm detection. Our methodology uses bidirectional LSTMs to represent long-range contextual relationships and attention layers to dynamically arrange components that show sarcasm, including exaggerated sentences, contradictions, or emojis. Pre-trained embedding like Word2Vec is used to improve semantic representation, while strong preprocessing takes care of noise and unpredictability in social media content. Our model delivers state-of-the-art performance on a variety of datasets (SARC, Twitter), with accuracy of 97.73%, recall of 96.73%, and F1-score of 97.23% on SARC and 97.02% on Twitter. The approach advances NLP applications in sentiment analysis, understanding consumer feedback, and keeping an eye on social media. It also address issues like multilingual sarcasm and real-time deployment by making LSTM optimizations more efficient

Dual Phase Deep Learning Network: Adaptive Canny-ResNet Fusion Brain Tumor Diagnosis System

2025-06-17T11:48:40+00:00

Brain cancer is still a major worldwide health problem, and early and precise diagnosis may make a big difference in survival rates. Traditional diagnostic approaches that depend on manual MRI analysis take a lot of time, are subjective, and are easy to make mistakes, which mean they frequently miss modest tumor borders or early-stage malignancies. To overcome these constraints, this study presents an innovative hybrid deep learning system that integrates adaptive edge detection with dual-path CNN architecture. The approach starts with preprocessing and augmentation of T1/T2/FLAIR sequences. An adaptive Canny-Sobel filter with dynamic thresholding gets rid of noise from artifacts and healthy tissues while getting high-precision tumor outlines. A ResNet-50 backbone extracts hierarchical features from these edge maps and raw scans at the same time. A spatial attention module then enhances the outlines of the tumors. The suggested system has an average F1-score of 96.7% on a Kaggle dataset including 1,311 MRI scans during five-fold cross-validation. It has very high accuracy for glioma (100%) and recall for "no tumor" (98.67%). The suggested method gives radiologists a diagnostic tool that is easy to use and works in real time, which moves cancer treatment precision forward.

A Versatile Approach for Improving Heart Disease Prediction Accuracy Via the LSKR Soft Voting Ensemble Model with Firefly Optimization- LSKR-SVE(FO)

2025-06-17T12:07:08+00:00

In recent times, heart disease has emerged as a significant global health concern. The utilization of machine learning, deep learning, and other artificial intelligence (AI) tools to aid in medical diagnostics is steadily gaining traction.This work presents a unique LSKR soft voting ensemble model with Firefly optimization (LSKR-SVE(FO)), which consists of four different learners, to improve the prediction accuracy of heart disease. Here, PrincipalComponent Analysis and Lasso method have been utilized in feature extraction and feature selection respectively for enhancing the prediction accuracy of LSKR-SVE(FO). The weight value of SVE and overfitting problem can be minimized by utilizing Firefly optimization algorithm. This study investigates efficient heart disease diagnosis using the heart disease dataset from the UCI Machine Repository. Proposed LSKR-SVE(FO) achieved the highest performance (99.3% accuracy, 98.45% precision, 96.2% Recall), followed by SVM-AHP (96.3% accuracy, 98.5% precision, 88.3% recall). These findings suggest that our optimized algorithm offers an effective healthcare monitoring system for early heart disease prediction

Comparative Evaluation of Deep Ensemble Models for Multi-Stage Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Assessment

2025-06-17T12:12:58+00:00

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a progressive retinal vascular disorder associated with diabetes mellitus, is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness globally. Accurate, early-stage classification and severity grading of DR are critical for timely intervention and treatment planning. Deep learning has shown immense promise in automating DR diagnosis, yet the performance of individual models often varies across datasets and disease stages. This study presents a comparative evaluation of deep ensemble learning strategies to enhance the robustness and accuracy of multi-stage DR severity classification. We systematically examine various ensemble methods combining state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformer-based architectures. The analysis incorporates soft voting, weighted averaging, and stacking ensembles applied on benchmark datasets such as APTOS and EyePACS. Evaluation metrics including accuracy, Cohen’s kappa score, sensitivity, and specificity are used to assess model performance. Results demonstrate that ensemble models significantly outperform single-model baselines, especially in differentiating between adjacent DR grades. The proposed ensemble framework offers a promising tool for clinical decision support systems, improving generalizability and reliability in DR detection and grading

Neonatal Onset of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease Mimicking Bartter Syndrome: A Case Report

2025-06-18T04:33:23+00:00

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is an uncommon genetic disorder characterized by cystic enlargement of the renal collecting ducts along with varying degrees of congenital hepatic fibrosis. Neonatal presentation can mimic other tubulopathies like Bartter syndrome due to overlapping biochemical abnormalities. We present a case of a late preterm male neonate, born to consanguineous parents, who exhibited lethargy, dehydration, and significant weight loss by day 8 of life. Clinical evaluation and investigations revealed features of salt-wasting tubulopathy with metabolic alkalosis. Imaging showed enlarged, cystic kidneys, and genetic testing confirmed a homozygous mutation in the PKHD1 gene, consistent with ARPKD. Supportive therapy, including fluid and electrolyte correction and indomethacin, led to clinical improvement. This case underlines the importance of considering ARPKD in neonates with electrolyte imbalance and renomegaly and demonstrates the diagnostic utility of early genetic analysis.

Structural And Clinical Changes in Moderate to Severe Meibomian Gland Dysfunction After Intense Regulated Pulsed Light Therapy Using IDRA

2025-06-18T04:38:09+00:00

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical and structural outcomes of Intense Regulated Pulsed Light (IRPL) therapy in patients with moderate to severe Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD), using the IDRA Ocular Surface Analyzer as the primary assessment tool.

Methods:

This cohort study included 124 eyes of patients with moderate to severe MGD treated with three IRPL sessions over six weeks at Chaudhary Eye Centre & Laser Vision. Clinical parameters such as Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT), Non-Invasive Break-Up Time (NIBUT), Tear Meniscus Height (TMH), Lipid Layer Thickness (LLT), blink rate, and meibomian gland dropout were measured using the IDRA analyzer at baseline and after each session. A validated questionnaire was used post-treatment to assess symptom relief, satisfaction, and side effects. Data were analyzed using the Friedman test and Durbin-Conover post hoc comparisons.

Results:

Statistically significant improvements were observed in all clinical and structural parameters (p < 0.001). TBUT increased from 3–4 to over 12 seconds, NIBUT from 2.5 to 10.5 seconds, TMH from 0.105 to 0.433 mm, and LLT from 35 to over 83 nm. Blink rate normalized, and meibography revealed reduced gland dropout. Over 85% of patients reported moderate to complete symptom relief, and 54.84% reported high satisfaction. Side effects were minimal and self-resolving.

Conclusion:

IRPL therapy is an effective and well-tolerated intervention for moderate to severe MGD, providing substantial clinical and structural improvement. Maintenance sessions may be required to sustain long-term benefits.

Scientific Foundations and Theoretical Frameworks of Homoeopathy: A Critical Review

2025-06-18T04:46:55+00:00

Background: Homoeopathy, developed by Samuel Hahnemann in 1796, is an alternative medical system grounded in the principle of “similia similibus curentur”, use of potentized remedies, and a holistic view of health. Despite widespread use, especially in countries like India and parts of Europe, its scientific validity remains contested due to its divergence from established biomedical paradigms.

Objective: This review critically examines the theoretical foundations, scientific evidence, and philosophical paradigms underpinning Homoeopathy, with an aim to evaluate its credibility and explore recent advancements in its scientific validation.

Methods: The paper analyzes key homoeopathic principles such as the law of similars, potentization, vital force, and miasm theory. It reviews findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, observational studies, and mechanistic research including nanoparticle analysis and systems biology. It also discusses epistemological considerations and recent technological integrations like AI and network pharmacology.

Results: Findings suggest that while some clinical studies report therapeutic benefits of Homoeopathy, high-quality trials often equate its efficacy to placebo. Mechanistic explanations, such as “water memory” and nanoparticle presence, remain scientifically controversial. Challenges include lack of reproducibility, methodological variability, and difficulties in applying standardized RCT frameworks to individualized homoeopathic treatments. However, pragmatic trials and integrative models show promise in capturing real-world effects.

Conclusion: Homoeopathy occupies a unique position in integrative medicine. Though it lacks universal scientific acceptance, emerging research and evolving methodologies may bridge gaps in understanding its effects. Ethical concerns persist regarding its use in serious conditions without conventional support. A balanced approach acknowledging both scientific rigor and holistic care perspectives is vital for its future integration

Arthrocentesis Versus Rocabado Exercises on Temporomandibular Disc Displacement Without Reduction

2025-06-18T05:18:51+00:00

Background: Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are common, especially in females, causing pain and jaw dysfunction with significant impact on quality of life. Early diagnosis and effective management are essential to improve patient outcomes.

Aim of the study: This study was designed to evaluate and compare the effects of the Rocabado exercise protocol and arthrocentesis in patients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement without reduction.

Methods: The study involved 68 patients with MRI-confirmed TMJ disc displacement without reduction, recruited from Qalyubia Governorate Hospitals with treatment sessions conducted between September 2022 and May 2024. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either arthrocentesis or an 8-week Rocabado exercise program. Pain and jaw movement were evaluated before and after treatment using the Visual Analogue Scale and Therabite Range of Motion scale.

Results: The study and control groups (N=34 each) were comparable in gender (study: 22F/12M; control: 17F/17M; p=0.220), affected side (study: 47.1% left; control: 55.8% left; p=1.000), and age (48.24 ± 5.6 vs. 47.24 ± 5.27 years; p=1.000). Both groups showed significant improvements in right lateral excursion (study: 0.85 ± 0.61 to 1.29 ± 0.52 mm; control: 1.53 ± 0.79 to 2.24 ± 0.65 mm; p=0.001), left lateral excursion (study: 1.12 ± 0.91 to 1.71 ± 0.68 mm; control: 1.47 ± 0.99 to 2.06 ± 0.85 mm; p=0.001), and pain reduction measured by VAS (study: 4.93 ± 1.04 to 1.24 ± 0.88; control: 5.93 ± 1.04 to 1.0 ± 0.88; p=0.001). The control group demonstrated superior improvements in lateral excursion and pain reduction compared to the study group, indicating greater functional and symptomatic benefits post-intervention.

Conclusion: This research fills a critical gap in the existing literature by providing evidence-based insights for clinicians in tailoring treatment strategies for TMD management. Future studies should explore long-term outcomes and patient satisfaction to further inform clinical practice. Both approaches have their merits; arthrocentesis is recommended for patients seeking rapid relief from pain and functional impairment, while Rocabado exercises are more suitable for long-term rehabilitation.

Microporous Tape and Post Surgical Scars

2025-06-18T06:10:06+00:00

Background: Post-surgical hypertrophic scars (HTS) are a common complication following surgical procedures, often leading to aesthetic concerns, functional impairments, and patient dissatisfaction. Various scar management techniques have been explored, but microporous tape has emerged as a simple, cost-effective, and non-invasive intervention that may reduce scar severity by minimizing mechanical tension and maintaining an optimal wound-healing environment.

Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of microporous tape in improving scar characteristics and scar pliability in patients with post-surgical hypertrophic scars.

Subjects and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with Forty Four patients (19 Males and 25 Females) with post-surgical HTS were selected from AGA hospital and randomly distributed into two equal groups.Group A (Microporous tape group) received Microporous tape in addition to traditional physiotherapy (Deep friction massage and stretching exercises).Group B (Control group) received traditional physiotherapy (deep friction massage and stretching exercises). The treatment was given 3 sessions per week for eight weeks.

Outcome measures: They were assessed with Modified Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) for scar severity and A Schiotz tonometer device for scar pliability. All measures were taken before and after 8 weeks. In Group A, microporous tape was applied directly over the scar and worn continuously for the duration of the study.

Results: Statistical analysis revealed that Group A demonstrated significantly greater improvements in VSS scores (p = 0.001) and scar pliability (p = 0.001) compared to Group B. Scar remodeling was improved in the microporous tape group due to reduced stiffness, which is associated with better collagen organization and regulation of fibroblast activity.

Conclusion: Microporous tape is an effective additional treatment for hypertrophic scars that develop after surgery, according to the results. It shows promise as an alternative to conventional scar care methods due to its ability to decrease scar tension, increase scar pliability, and improve scar aesthetics. Microporous tape is a suitable addition to post-operative care procedures because it is inexpensive and simple to apply. Additional studies should be conducted to investigate the effects over the long term and to compare it to other scar-modulating treatments

Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Methanolic and Aqueous Extract of Aegle marmelos L.

2025-06-18T06:17:54+00:00

Traditional and folk medicine in India make use of the Aegle marmelos L. plant for the treatment of dysentery, diarrhoea, and infertility/abortion in women. Sacred to Hindus, the tree's fruits are also consumed and utilised in traditional medicine all across its area. People all over the world deal with gastric ulcers, and the only way to cure them is with synthetic medications, which might have negative side effects. The creation of herbal treatments for stomach ulcers is a recent development in the field of plant medicine. The antibacterial and antiulcer characteristics of Aegle marmelos make it a superior choice. Among its medicinal and therapeutic uses are its potent antioxidant and antiulcer properties, which it employs to treat stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori. This study seeks to provide scientific proof, based on supporting data and prior research, that Aegle marmelos fruits are effective against stomach ulcers. Aegle marmelos was determined to have standard-quality physicochemical characteristics; the methanolic extract (MEAM) was greenish-blue with a sticky consistency and yielded 41.69% w/w, while the aqueous extract (AEAM) was dark brown in colour and dry amorphous in consistency, giving 29.61% w/w. The total quercetin equivalents per gramme of extract for AEAM and MEAM were determined to be 19.71 ± 0.841 mg, whereas the total phenolic content for AEAM and MEAM was 22.48 ± 0.107 mg, and 42.08 ± 0.458 mg, respectively. Twenty chemicals were identified in the GC-MS study of the methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos Linn Fruits. Among them were n-Hexadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, and stigmasterol

Rehabilitation Of Patient with Mandibular Denture Using Extracoronal Semiprecision Attachment Combined with Custom-Made Non-Rigid Connector – A Case Report

2025-06-18T06:28:17+00:00

The restoration of a partially edentulous arch can be a great challenge when there is a Kennedy’s class I or class II situation with unilateral or bilateral posterior teeth that are completely missing. It all the more becomes challenging in a long span fixed partial denture scenario where the forces would be substantial to the remaining abutment teeth. Successful restoration can be done with various conventional and contemporary treatment options. One such treatment modality is extracoronal semi-precision attachment retained cast partial dentures combined with a stress breaker for the long span fixed partial denture. This article describes a case report with mandibular Kennedy’s class 1 modification 2 partially edentulous arch rehabilitated with a cast partial denture having an extracoronal semi precision attachment (RHEIN 83 attachment system) and a customized non-rigid connector using pen refill.

Development and Characterization of Transferosome-Based Topical Formulation Incorporating Centella Asiatica for Enhanced Wound Repair and Skin Regeneration

2025-06-18T06:43:49+00:00

The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a transferosome-based topical delivery system incorporating Centella Asiatica for enhanced wound healing and skin regeneration. Transferosomes, as highly deformable lipid vesicles, improve the penetration of bioactive compounds into deeper layers of the skin, overcoming the limitations of conventional formulations. Centella Asiatica is a renowned medicinal plant with potent wound healing properties attributed to its triterpenoid compounds like asiaticoside and madecassoside, which promote collagen synthesis and fibroblast activity. Transferosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and optimized based on particle size (average: 120 ± 4 nm), zeta potential (-28.5 ± 1.5 mV), and entrapment efficiency (85.7 ± 3.2%). The optimized formulation was incorporated into a hydrophilic ointment base and evaluated for physical properties, spreadability, stability, and in-vitro drug release (76.5% in 24 hours). Wound healing efficacy was tested on Wistar rats using excision wound models, showing a significant increase in wound contraction (89.6% in the treated group compared to 62.8% in the control group by Day 14). Histological analysis demonstrated enhanced re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition in the treated group. The results confirm that the transferosome-based delivery system of Centella Asiatica offers a promising approach to improve topical wound healing therapy through enhanced skin penetration and sustained release

Efficacy of Virechana Karma by Patolmooladi Kashayam: A Pilot Study

2025-06-18T06:50:55+00:00

Background: Ayurvedic classical texts emphasize that cleansing therapies (Shodhana) are vital for eradicating chronic disorders from the root, especially in skin diseases (Kushtha) which often involve vitiated Pitta and Rakta (blood). Virechana (therapeutic purgation) is regarded as the treatment of choice for Pitta-dominant conditions and can expel accumulated Doshas through the lower gastrointestinal tract. Patolamooladi Kashayam is an herbal decoction traditionally indicated in Kushtha Roga (Skin disorders, including various types of Kushtha and Shwitra (Vitiligo), Grahani (IBS), Arsha (Piles), Hrida Shoola, Basti Shoola and Visham Jwar and Known for its Virechan Karma too. This pilot study evaluates the efficacy of Virechana Karma performed with Patolamooladi Kashayam in patients with various skin diseases.

Methods: A total of 22 patients with various dermatological conditions classified as various types of Kushtha or Shwitra were recruited from the Panchakarma Out Patient Department of Bharati Ayurved Hospital, Pune. All patients underwent classical Purva Karma (pre-treatment) with internal oleation (Snehan) and fomentation (Swedan) followed by Pradhana Karma Virechana Karma using Patolamooladi Kashayam as the sole Virechaka drug (purgative agent). Patient baseline Koshtha (bowel habit) and Agni (digestive fire) were assessed, and outcomes recorded included the number of purgative bouts (Vegas), subjective signs of proper purgation (Laingiki Shuddhi), and the nature of the final stool (Antiki Shuddhi). Descriptive statistics and graphical analyses were used to evaluate the cleansing efficacy across different patient constitutions.

Results: All 22 patients achieved successful purgation (Samyak Virechana), as evidenced by attainment of Laingiki Shuddhi (presence of classical post-purgation relief signs in every case). The number of purges (Vegas) obtained per patient ranged from 7 to 23, with a mean of 13.5 ± 5.0. Notably, 82% of patients (18/22) had their purgation end with a Kaphānta stage (evacuation of Kapha in the last stools), indicating a high-grade cleanse, while 4 patients (18%) ended with Pittānta which is moderate completion. Patients with Mridu Koshtha (soft bowel) experienced a higher average purge count than those with Krura Koshtha (hard bowel), reflecting the classical understanding that Pitta-predominant, soft-boweled individuals purge more easily. Similarly, those with Vishama Agni (irregular digestion) tended to have more purgation bouts than patients with Tikshna Agni (hypermetabolic digestion) or Manda Agni (slow digestion), though all Agni types responded effectively to the protocol. No significant complications were observed apart from transient fatigue and thirst, which are expected transient symptoms of proper Virechana Karma.

Conclusion: The results of this pilot study suggest that Patolamooladi Kashayam is a potent and safe herbal formulation for.

inducing Virechana Karma (therapeutic purgation). It achieved effective Samyak Virechana (detoxification) in a majority of patients, evidenced by substantial purge counts and attainment of desired end-point criteria in over 80% of cases. This aligns with classical Ayurvedic literature and other clinical reports that highlight the role of Virechana Karma in breaking the pathogenesis of various types of Kushtha or Shwitra (skin disorders). Given the significant improvements observed (including reduction in itching, lighter skin lesions, and subjective feelings of “lightness” post-therapy), Patolamooladi Kashayam can be considered a viable primary purgative for Panchakarma cleansing in Pitta dominant skin conditions. Further studies with larger sample sizes and control groups are recommended to statistically validate these findings and to explore long-term benefits, such as recurrence prevention, which has been noted in other Virechana-centric studies

Pedagogical Innovations in Teaching Ethnic Folk Dance in Chinese Higher Education

2025-06-18T09:07:50+00:00

Ethnic folk dance holds significant cultural and educational value in China, representing the diversity and richness of its multi-ethnic heritage. However, traditional pedagogical methods often fail to engage modern students or align with evolving higher education goals. This paper investigates pedagogical innovations in the teaching of ethnic folk dance within Chinese universities, highlighting emerging practices, interdisciplinary approaches, and technology integration. Drawing on case studies, interviews with dance educators, and curriculum analysis, this research identifies key strategies that enhance student engagement, cultural understanding, and creative expression. The findings advocate for a dynamic, student-centered approach that honors cultural authenticity while embracing contemporary educational tools

A Comparative Assessment Of Safety, Efficacy, And Cost-Effectiveness Of Glipizide-Metformin And Glimepiride-Metformin Combination Therapy In Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

2025-06-18T10:19:55+00:00

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic syndrome that needs effective long-term glycemic controls. There is wide usage of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of metformin with sulfonylureas. Glipizide metformin and glimepiride metformin are among them and these combinations are not effectively compared in terms of clinical and economic outcomes.

Objectives: To compare the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of glipizide metformin and glimepiride metformin fixed dose combination therapy in treating patients with T2DM.

Methods: A prospective comparative study was done over a period of 6 months in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai on 200 T2DM patients. The patients were randomly grouped into Group A (glimepiride 2 mg + metformin 500 mg) and Group B (glipizide 5 mg + metformin 500 mg) and the efficacy was measured by the changes of fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), random blood sugar (RBS) and HbA1c. The safety was evaluated with the Naranjo causality scale, whereas cost-effectiveness was determined as the cost per cent reduction in glycemic parameters.

Results: Group A showed better glycemic control showing decreases in FBS (36.1%), PPBS (40.2%), RBS (30.1%), and HbA1c (16.8%) than Group B. The adverse drug reactions experienced in both groups were mild and similar. The overall therapy cost was a little higher in Group A but the cost per 1% glycemic reduction was more conducive pointing out to the better cost-effectiveness of the group.

Conclusion: The glimepiride metformin combination therapy is more effective and cost-effective with an equal safety margin and should therefore be the choice of therapy in the long-term management of T2DM.

Accuracy Of Spirometric Interpretation by Artificial Intelligence-Based Software in Comparison with Spirometric Interpretation by A Qualified Respiratory Physician in A Tertiary Care Center in Chengalpattu District

2025-06-18T10:38:02+00:00

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming respiratory care by enhancing diagnostic accuracy and streamlining workflows. The efficacy of free AI tools for spirometry interpretation, particularly in the Indian population, remains largely unassessed. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT for spirometry interpretation compared with that of qualified respiratory physicians in a south Indian tertiary care setting.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 anonymised spirometry reports that met the ATS/ERS criteria. These reports were interpreted by respiratory physicians (gold standard), and the same reports were uploaded to ChatGPT. Interpretations of the spirometry were based on ATS/ERS guidelines using Z-scores and flow-volume loops. Statistical analyses included specificity, sensitivity using proportion agreement, kappa statistics, and ROC curve analyses.

Results: The 100 spirometry reports simultaneously analysed by AI & respiratory physicians overall normal vs. abnormal classification accuracy was 99%. For Z-score interpretation, the AI reported normal (25% vs. 26%), restriction (22% vs. 19%) obstruction (39% vs. 28%), and mixed (17% vs. 24%) compared to respiratory physician interpretation. In classifying flow-volume loop patterns, AI showed normal (30% vs 26%), restriction (18% vs. 26%) obstruction (50% vs. 38%), and mixed (2% vs. 10%) compared with respiratory physicians. In the final interpretation combining z-score & flow volume loop, AI interpretation was - 25% normal, 19% restriction, 39% obstruction, & 17% mixed, compared to the respiratory physician interpretation 26% normal, 21% restriction, 29% obstruction, & 24% mixed. AI achieved 99% agreement for normal, 98% for restriction, 90% for obstruction 93% for mixed.

Conclusion: ChatGPT is a promising tool for spirometry interpretation, but other similar AI platforms with larger samples need to be assessed before formal recommendations can be made.

Assessment Of Sleep Quality and Its Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life in Treated Tuberculosis Patients in A Tertiary Care Centre, Chengalpattu District

2025-06-18T11:10:17+00:00

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) can cause persistent symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, even after treatment, significantly reducing the patient’s quality of life. As good sleep is vital for overall health, early identification and management of poor sleep quality are essential for improving long-term outcomes in TB survivors.

Aim: To determine the sleep quality among treated TB patients and to assess its impact on health-related quality of life in a tertiary care centre.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 60 patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB who completed ATT for 6 months. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and HRQoL was evaluated using the SF-36 Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the correlation between PSQI scores and various HRQoL domains.

Results:The mean age was 39.7 years, and 61.7% of patients were male. No significant sex differences were observed (p = 0.254). A total of 35% had poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), which was significantly more common in those aged > 50 years (p = 0.007). Poor sleepers had notably worse scores in pain, general health, energy/fatigue, and physical functioning (all p < 0.05), with strong negative correlations between PSQI and pain (r = -0.794), physical functioning (r = -0.669), and energy/fatigue (r = -0.635) scores.

Conclusion: Sleep disturbances are common among Treated TB patients and are strongly associated with a reduced quality of life. Integrating routine sleep quality screening and psychosocial support into post-treatment care may improve long-term outcomes for TB survivors.

Fertility Treatments and Outcomes in Women With PCOD: A Systematic Review

2025-06-18T11:25:11+00:00

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is a common endocrine disorder affecting 6–20% of reproductive-aged women globally and is a leading cause of anovulatory infertility. A wide array of pharmacologic and assisted reproductive treatments are employed to address fertility challenges in PCOD, but variability in outcomes necessitates evidence synthesis.

Objective: To systematically review and evaluate the effectiveness, pregnancy outcomes, and safety profiles of various fertility treatments in women with PCOD.

Methods: Six clinical studies (n = 3,285 total participants) meeting predefined inclusion criteria were analyzed. Data were extracted regarding treatment modalities (clomiphene citrate, letrozole, metformin, IUI, IVF), ovulation and pregnancy rates, and adverse outcomes. Study types included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), retrospective cohorts, and case-control designs.

Results: Clomiphene citrate (CC) demonstrated ovulation rates between 49–73%, with pregnancy rates around 22–28% in responsive individuals. Letrozole showed higher live birth rates (27.5% vs. 19.1%) compared to CC in one RCT. Metformin, particularly in combination with CC, improved ovulation and reduced insulin resistance, with one study reporting a 44.6% pregnancy rate following laparoscopic ovarian drilling in CC-resistant patients pretreated with metformin. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) led to a cumulative pregnancy rate of 39.4% after three cycles. IVF outcomes showed increased oocyte yield in PCOD patients (mean 15.8 vs. 11.4 in controls) but similar pregnancy rates (33.6% vs. 35.1%). Adverse outcomes such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and gestational diabetes were more prevalent in PCOD cohorts.

Conclusion: A stepwise approach incorporating pharmacologic induction (especially letrozole and metformin) and ART offers effective fertility outcomes in PCOD, though individualization is crucial due to heterogeneous responses and elevated risk of complications. High-quality RCTs with standardized outcome reporting and long-term follow-up are needed to optimize treatment strategies.

Effectiveness Of Mobile Health Apps and Telepsychiatry in Supporting Mental Health Nursing Care: A Systematic Review

2025-06-18T11:30:16+00:00

Background: Mental health disorders are a significant global health burden, and the increasing demand for psychiatric care has intensified the need for innovative service delivery models. Mobile health (mHealth) applications and telepsychiatry have emerged as transformative tools in mental health nursing, offering accessible, cost-effective, and patient-centered interventions. However, the effectiveness of these digital tools in enhancing mental health nursing outcomes remains underexplored.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health applications and telepsychiatry platforms in supporting mental health nursing care across diverse populations and settings. The review synthesizes evidence on their impact on patient outcomes, therapeutic relationships, and the roles and competencies of mental health nurses.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO for studies published between 2015 and 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and qualitative studies focusing on the integration of mHealth apps or telepsychiatry into mental health nursing practice. Quality appraisal was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools.

Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. A randomized controlled trial by Berry et al. (2018) investigated the use of a recovery-oriented mobile app (Actissist) in patients with psychosis and found significant improvements in medication adherence and self-management, with nurses playing a key role in app-facilitated care planning. Another RCT by Nicholas et al. (2022) examined a nurse-supported digital CBT app for depression and reported clinically significant symptom reduction over 12 weeks. A quasi-experimental study by Zisser et al. (2020) explored the impact of asynchronous telepsychiatry consultations on patient engagement and medication titration speed, demonstrating reduced time to treatment adjustment and increased nursing autonomy. In a qualitative study, de Girolamo et al. (2021) reported that community mental health nurses found telepsychiatry improved service continuity, though they expressed concerns about patient privacy and digital literacy. A mixed-methods study by Erlangsen et al. (2019) on suicide prevention via a nurse-moderated digital outreach platform revealed reduced suicidal ideation scores and positive nurse-patient digital alliance. Lastly, a pilot study by Manjunatha et al. (2020) in India highlighted telepsychiatry’s effectiveness in extending psychiatric nursing support to rural populations, with reduced relapse rates and increased access to care.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that both mobile health applications and telepsychiatry are effective in augmenting mental health nursing care. These tools improve patient engagement, treatment adherence, and symptom control while enhancing nursing roles in education, monitoring, and care coordination. However, challenges such as data privacy, digital literacy, and system-level integration persist. Future research should focus on nurse-led digital interventions, standardized training frameworks, and policy adaptations to maximize the benefits of these technologies in mental health care..

Nutritional Interventions and Management Strategies in Pediatric Food Allergies: A Review

2025-06-18T11:35:36+00:00

The prevalence of childhood food allergies is increasing in both developed and developing countries, posing a significant public health challenge. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the prevention and management of food allergies, with a particular focus on the role of nutritional components and dietary practices in supporting immune system development and function. Key nutrients such as essential fatty acids, zinc, and vitamin D are believed to enhance the body’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidative defenses, thereby promoting immunological tolerance. Moreover, emerging research highlights the potential of prebiotics and probiotics in modulating gut microbiota and fostering a tolerogenic immune environment. These insights have prompted a critical reassessment of the traditional avoidance-based dietary strategies. Recent findings suggest that early exposure to a diverse range of dietary antigens during infancy may reduce the risk of allergic sensitization by supporting the maturation of the immune system. Consequently, both therapeutic and preventive interventions must be personalized, accounting for individual nutritional needs and allergic risk profiles.

Understanding Perceived Parental Rejection in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Qualitative Study

2025-06-18T11:47:39+00:00

Background: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by emotional instability, impulsivity, and interpersonal relationship issues. Parental rejection has been a significant psychosocial risk factor influencing the development and severity of BPD symptoms. However, there has been minimal research on this issue in the Bangladeshi cultural setting. Objective: The aim of the study was to understand the nature of perceived parental rejection in Bangladeshi patients diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).

Method: A qualitative study was conducted using a grounded theory approach. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with 22 purposively selected adult participants diagnosed with BPD. Data were analyzed to gain an in-depth understanding of the nature of perceived parental rejection.

Results: Data analysis revealed seven categories of perceived parental rejection based on participants’ subjective experiences: authoritarianism, neglect, hostile behavior, lack of acceptance, lack of affection, lack of validation, and lack of protection. These behaviors, though sometimes culturally normalized, were interpreted by participants as emotionally rejecting.

Conclusion: The study provides a subtle description of the way individuals with BPD in Bangladesh internalize and assign meaning to parental actions as rejection. The seven categories identified highlight the relational and affective features of rejection as experienced by the participants. They highlight the necessity of cultural sensitivity in clinical assessment and intervention by placing particular emphasis on targeting early relational experiences in BPD treatment..

Accuracy Assessment of 3D-Printed Surgical Guide with Custom-Made Sleeve versus Freehand Technique for Zygomatic Implant Placement: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2025-06-19T05:06:57+00:00

Background: Zygomatic implants offer a graftless solution for severe maxillary atrophy. However, the accuracy of computer-guided versus freehand placement remains debated. This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare accuracy of these two techniques using CT-based deviation analysis.

Methods: Eight patients requiring zygomatic implants were randomized into two equal groups: computer-guided (n = 4) and freehand placement (n = 4), with a total of 16 implants. Radiographic accuracy was assessed by comparing planned and actual implant positions using postoperative CT superimposition. Deviations were quantified in linear (mediolateral and anteroposterior) and angular dimensions. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests (significance level α = 0.05).

Results: The guided group demonstrated significantly higher radiographic accuracy compared to the freehand group. Linear deviation in the mediolateral plane was 49.66 ± 1.87 mm versus 53.47 ± 1.70 mm (p < 0.001), and in the anteroposterior plane was 49.78 ± 14.61 mm versus 21.84 ± 4.54 mm (p < 0.001). Angular deviation was significantly reduced in the guided group (5.17° ± 2.31°) compared to the freehand group (11.80° ± 8.48°, p = 0.050).

Conclusion: Computer-guided placement of zygomatic implants significantly improves the accuracy over the freehand approach. These findings support the use of guided techniques in cases requiring precise maxillary rehabilitation, particularly in anatomically complex or severely atrophic maxillae.

Risk Factors for Converting from Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy Procedures

2025-06-19T05:29:08+00:00

Background: For symptomatic gallstones, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has emerged as the preferred treatment; nevertheless, conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC) is still an option. Unfortunately, it's unknown whether preoperative indicators indicate conversion risk.

Methods: The records of 64 patients who underwent cholecystectomy from March 2023 to September 2024 were reviewed retrospectively. The demographics and preoperative data of patients who required conversion to laparotomy were compared to those with successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Results: Around 62.5%, a significant conversion rate was noted. Male advanced age (>50 years), obesity, previous abdominal surgery, high leukocyte counts, and hyperglycemia were all significant risk factors for conversion. The main causes of conversion were intraoperative difficulties such thick adhesions, blurred anatomy, and impaired vision. Longer hospital stays, longer operating times, and more treatment expenses were experienced by patients undergoing conversion.

Conclusions: Patient demographics, comorbidities, and intraoperative findings all play a role in the multifactorial decision to convert from LC to OC. Preoperatively identifying high-risk patients can help with better planning, minimize unanticipated conversions, and guarantee optimal resource allocation during surgery. Conversion should not be viewed as a failure but rather as a safety measure to ensure better outcomes.

Multi-Target Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease: In Silico Investigation of Design of Benzyl Piperazine Derivatives as Dual-Acting Inhibitors

2025-06-19T05:37:15+00:00

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is advanced neurodegenerative complaint driven by pathological mechanisms, including acetyl cholinesterase over activity and beta-Amyloid plaque formation. Existing therapeutic strategies predominantly focus on single targets, offering only symptomatic relief without addressing the multifactorial countryside of the ailment. In this context, the present study aims to develop benzyl Piperazine-based results as promising multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) for AD management. A rational design is used to synthesize series of benzyl Piperazine derivatives, followed by extensive in silico evaluations comprising molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to examine their dual inhibitory possible against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and beta-Amyloid (Aβ_1–42) combination. The results revealed that several designed molecules exhibited superior binding affinities and stable interactions with both target proteins, surpassing the performance of standard inhibitors. ADMET predictions further confirmed their drug-like properties, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, and low toxicity risks. This study is among the first to propose benzyl Piperazine-based compounds as dual-action inhibitors for AD, presenting a novel chemical scaffold with strong potential for multi-target therapeutic applications. These findings lay the groundwork for future experimental validation and open avenues in the expansion of effective disease-modifying actions for Alzheimer’s disease.

RP-HPLC Analytical Method of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Prepared Nanoparticle formulation in Solid Oral Formulations by using Box-Behnken Design

2025-06-19T05:43:00+00:00

An RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride from both tablet dosage forms and optimized nanoparticle formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column using a mobile phase of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and methanol (60:40, v/v), with detection at 273 nm. The retention time for Metoclopramide Hydrochloride was found to be 6.78 minutes. The method was validated in accordance with ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines for specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, robustness, and sensitivity. It exhibited excellent linearity across a wide concentration range, high recovery values, and low relative standard deviation, confirming reproducibility and reliability. In the nanoparticle formulation study, the optimized batch was selected based on a high desirability value of 0.9505, achieved at guar gum 2.99%, sodium alginate 2%, and chitosan 1.23%. The formulation showed an encapsulation efficiency of 93.87%, particle size of 180.63 nm, and cumulative drug release of 73.94%. The developed RP-HPLC method successfully quantified Metoclopramide Hydrochloride from these nanoparticles with results well within acceptable limits, confirming its applicability for routine analysis, stability evaluation, and potential pharmacokinetic studies involving nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems.

Nutritional Approaches In The Prevention And Management Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review

2025-06-19T06:06:58+00:00

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality globally. Emerging evidence indicates that dietary interventions can play a significant role in both the prevention and management of HCC, particularly among high-risk populations. This review explores the impact of nutritional factors on HCC progression, focusing on the protective roles of antioxidants, polyphenols, and specific functional foods. High intake of fruits, vegetables, omega-3 fatty acids, and plant-derived compounds has been associated with anti-carcinogenic effects, while excessive consumption of red meat, sugar, and saturated fats may elevate HCC risk. Furthermore, selected juices, herbal extracts, and bioactive food combinations exhibit hepatoprotective and anti-tumor properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of evidence-based dietary strategies in reducing liver cancer burden and improving the prognosis of HCC patients.

Evaluating Homeopathic Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease Management in Community Medicine: A Systematic Review

2025-06-19T06:55:23+00:00

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. With increasing interest in holistic and patient-centered care, homeopathy has emerged as a popular complementary treatment. However, its role in CVD management remains contentious due to limited and variable evidence.

Objective: To systematically review the existing literature on the efficacy, safety, and integration potential of homeopathy in the management of cardiovascular diseases.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and others were searched for studies published between January 2000 and 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and systematic reviews evaluating homeopathy in adult patients with cardiovascular conditions. Data on sample size, methodology, outcomes, and adverse effects were extracted and synthesized.

Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria: three RCTs, two systematic reviews, and one case series. In one RCT involving 132 hypertensive patients, individualized homeopathy resulted in a significant mean reduction of systolic blood pressure by 26.6 mmHg compared to placebo over six months. Another trial with 172 patients reported significant reductions in both blood pressure and anger scores (p < 0.05), with 33% of the homeopathy group discontinuing conventional antihypertensives. A third RCT on 92 pre-hypertensive patients showed no statistically significant difference in disease progression, though a trend toward symptom improvement was noted. Systematic reviews suggested a positive effect of individualized homeopathy over placebo, but highlighted methodological limitations such as small sample sizes and risk of bias.

Conclusions: Evidence suggests that individualized homeopathy may have a supportive role in managing blood pressure and improving psychosocial symptoms in CVD patients, with minimal risk of adverse effects. However, variability in study quality and outcomes prevents definitive conclusions. Well-designed, large-scale clinical trials are urgently needed to validate these findings and determine homeopathy’s role within conventional cardiovascular care models.

Development and Validation of Deflazacort Tablets Using Uv Spectroscopic Method

2025-06-19T07:58:10+00:00

Deflazacort is used to treat inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases as it possesses anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. The synthetic corticosteroid treats some forms of cancer too. The aim of this study was to establish a simple, precise, and inexpensive procedure for deflazacort determination in tablet dosage forms by these tablets using UV spectroscopy.

A rigorous spectrophotometric method was developed and optimised to maintain dependability in linearity, precision, and accuracy along with appropriate analytical range for pharmaceutical analysis. Major validation steps such as specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and lower limit of quantification (LOQ) in relation to the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines was done.Absence of considerable interference with excipients cut s the strong specificity of excipient tablet formulation made it posses a high degree of specificity. Other accuracy and precision studies showed behaviours that were acceptable for intraday and interday variability. Validation for robustness was done which showed the method reliable under a varying number of experimental conditions. The developed UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of deflazacort tablets is accurate, precise, and appropriate for regular quality control exercises in the pharmaceutical industry.

This method can be effectively employed to ensure the quality and consistency of the deflazacort tablet formulations

Analytical Method Development And Validation For The Estimation Of Serratiopeptidase Using Spectrophotometry

2025-06-19T08:41:08+00:00

This study focuses on develop a simple, reliable, and cost effective analytical method for accurately measuring serratiopeptidase, a clinically significant anti-inflammatory and proteolytic enzyme, using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Serratiopeptidase is a proteolytic enzyme.and has various therapeutic treatment mostly used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. And it makes accurate quantification in pharmaceutical formulation crucial for quality control and regulatory compliance. UV spectrophotometry is a affordable , simple, and mostly used for this purpose. Currently, analytical methods such as HPLC and ELISA are commonly employed for the estimation of serratiopeptidase, but these techniques are often costly, require advanced instrumentation, and involve complex sample preparation, which may not be feasible for routine quality control, particularly in small-scale pharmaceutical industries or academic research laboratories.This review summarizes the current strategies for the method development of serratiopeptidase estimation using UV spectrophotometry. Key parameters such as wavelength selection, solvent choice, sample preparation, method validation, and potential interferences are discussed to highlight the advantages and limitations of UV-based methods.

Computational Study of Drug kinetics in the Vitreous Humor

2025-06-19T08:47:13+00:00

A comprehensive study of drug delivery in vitreous body was analyzed and zero order reaction rate mechanism compared with first order mechanism. A simple Mathematical model was developed and numerical solution obtained by using numerical iterative techniques. The effect of various parameter elimination rate reaction, diffusion coefficient, vitreous humor volume on drug concentration was observed. Initially at a constant reaction rate the drug concentration increases linearly and after some time it decays exponentially. MATLAB and other simulation software have been instrumental in these studies, seeing to tremendous advancements in intravitreal drug kinetics modeling, many parameters are still untouched like mathematically model and simulate intravitreal drug kinetics, focusing on the comparative analysis of zero-order and first-order release mechanisms using MATLAB.

Pharmacotherapeutics role of Cannabinoid (CB1 & CB2) Receptor agonists modulator in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A Review

2025-06-19T09:12:34+00:00

The injury or illness of the somatosensory nerve system results in pain termed neuropathic pain. It often increases dependence on medication as well as the need to visit hospitals. Allodynia, hyperalgesia, and paresthesia are symptoms that are produced by this disorder. In animal studies,

“Chronic constriction injury (CCI), partial sciatic nerve ligation (Seltzer model), and spinal nerve ligation (SNL) are methods used to reproduce it. Chemotherapy

induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is the most common kind of neuropathic pain among the wide range of manifestations.It frequently results from the use of chemotherapeutic agents, which include but are not limited to ixabepilone, thalidomide, taxanes, and platinum compounds.” While opioids are commonly prescribed for CIPN, these drugs cannot be safely used for prolonged periods due to the high potential for addiction. There has been increasing attention given to cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB2, because of their role in the modulation of inflammation and pain. This review analyzes the possible therapeutic effects of CB2-selective agonists on CIPN and other neuropathic disorders. More recently, itaconates and isatins have been discovered to be CB2 agonists and they show promise in preclinical studies. This article focuses on the neuropathic pain mechanisms associated with these agents’ analgesic effects..

The Association of Intracameral Bacteriophage Administration with Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) Expression and Bacterial Viability as a Prophylactic Strategy Against Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Endophthalmitis Following Lens Extraction Surgery : A

2025-06-19T11:38:46+00:00

Postoperative infections remain a critical concern following lens extraction procedures, often linked to the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Conventional antibiotic treatments are increasingly challenged by the rise of resistant bacterial strains. This literature review explores the therapeutic potential of Staphylococcus aureus-specific bacteriophages in modulating immune response—particularly the expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)—and reducing bacterial viability in ocular surgical contexts. Drawing from a range of peer-reviewed sources, the review examines the dual role of bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents and as modulators of inflammation. Evidence suggests that phage therapy may suppress Staphylococcus aureus viability while attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine production, potentially improving clinical outcomes and minimizing reliance on antibiotics. These findings underscore the need for further in vivo studies and clinical trials to validate phage application as a safe and effective adjunct in ophthalmic surgery.

Uncertainty Handling in medical diagnosis using probabilistic ML

2025-06-19T11:52:28+00:00

In medical diagnosis, there is usually noisy, incomplete, or imprecise data that causes uncertainty in the decisions that are made. Powerful models Traditional machine learning models can be very powerful, but they tend to give deterministic predictions without considering the associated uncertainty. The given paper dwells upon the use of probabilistic machine learning (ML) methods to handle uncertainty in medical diagnostics. Probabilistic ML has advantages over modeling predictions as point estimates by providing interpretable measures of confidence to improve clinical trust, make risk-sensitive decisions, and improve the overall diagnostic accuracy. This work contains a comparative review of probabilistic techniques, such as Bayesian Neural Networks, Gaussian Processes, and Monte Carlo Dropout, on open health care data. The experiment results demonstrate that the inclusion of uncertainty estimation can already lead to a significant increase in performance and reliability which opens the door to safer AI-based medical systems.

Men's Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Vasectomy: A Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Study

2025-06-19T12:12:14+00:00

Background

Male sterilization in sub-Saharan Africa, including Sudan, remains underutilized for various reasons, despite its numerous advantages over other family planning methods.

Purpose

This study aims to assess men's knowledge and attitudes towards vasectomy, identify their sources of information, and evaluate the utilization rate at Omdurman Maternity Hospital in Sudan.

Methodology

We conducted a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study to evaluate the level of knowledge and attitudes toward vasectomy. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and a random sampling technique was employed to select 195 respondents for participation.

Results

The findings revealed that the majority of participants were aged between 28 and 37 years. Notably, 131 respondents (67.2%) demonstrated poor knowledge of vasectomy, despite being familiar with at least one male family planning method. Additionally, 142 respondents (72.8%) expressed a negative attitude towards vasectomy. The study identified a significant association between respondents' education level and their attitudes towards vasectomy (P-value = 0.00), as well as between marital status and attitudes towards vasectomy (P-value = 0.00).

Conclusion

The study indicates that respondents possess a low level of knowledge regarding vasectomy as a male family planning option and hold negative perceptions about it. These unfavorable views may be influenced by cultural factors, religious beliefs, and a lack of awareness..

Retrospective Evaluation of Prolene Suture Complications in the Cartilage-Sparing techniques of otoplasty Procedure

2025-06-19T12:31:59+00:00

Background: Otoplasty, a cosmetic surgery aimed at correcting prominent ears, is influenced by the choice of suture material. Prolene sutures, which are non-absorbable and durable, are commonly used in otoplasty techniques. This study aims to investigate the complication rates associated with Prolene sutures when using the Cartilage-Sparing techniques.

Methods: This retrospective study focuses on data retrieved from Najran University Hospital between 2023 and 2024. The inclusion criteria included patients aged 5 years and above, with a minimum 3-month follow-up, who underwent otoplasty for prominent ears using Cartilage-Sparing techniques with Prolene suture. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Among the 34 participants (mean age 16.53 ± 11.31 years), there were 9 females (26.5%) and 25 males (73.5%). The mean follow-up duration was 10.38 ± 22.9 months. Of the participants, 94.1% had no complications, while 2.9% experienced hematoma, and 2.9% had suture extrusion. No significant associations were found with age, sex and laterality. However, follow-up duration showed a significant association with complications (p = 0.016).

Conclusions: Prolene sutures demonstrated minimal complications in otoplasty using the Cartilage-Sparing techniques. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up are recommended to confirm these results and assess long-term outcomes.

Comparative Study Of Ct And 1.5 Tesla Mri In Quantitative Estimation Of Bone Mineral Density In Lumbar Spine

2025-06-19T12:35:01+00:00

The effectiveness of 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) for determining bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine of 44 patients (22 males, 22 females; mean age 46.02 ± 11.14 years) from Western Uttar Pradesh was compared in this prospective cross-sectional study, which was carried out at Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital and Research Centre in Moradabad, India. Hounsfield Units (HU), QCT-derived BMD, and MRI signal intensities (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, gradient echo) among the L1–L5 vertebrae were among the measurements. Significant age-related differences (p < 0.05) were noted in T1, T2, HU, and QCT-BMD at particular lumbar levels, but no significant gender differences were reported in imaging parameters or BMD (p > 0.05). The sensitivity of MRI to bone marrow changes was demonstrated by Pearson correlation analysis, which revealed negative correlations between T1/T2 signal intensities and QCT-BMD and positive correlations between HU and QCT-BMD. 50% gender prediction accuracy was attained via binary logistic regression (100% for females, 0% for males). Despite drawbacks such geographical bias and small sample size, the results demonstrate MRI's potential as a radiation-free substitute for DEXA and validate CT's dependability for BMD evaluation. To improve diagnostic accuracy, future research should investigate larger cohorts and more sophisticated MRI techniques.

A Systematic Review On Non-Pharmacological Approaches To Reduce Procedural Pain In Children: The Role Of Comfort Holds And Distraction

2025-06-20T04:11:38+00:00

In this comprehensive review, researchers looked at the effectiveness of distractions and comfort holds in easing children's anxiety and discomfort during invasive and unpleasant procedures. The review integrates data from clinical trials and recommendations to assess the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of different non-pharmacological treatments in paediatric healthcare settings. To help children relax during minor procedures, blood draws, and injections, healthcare providers commonly use comfort hold techniques and distractions, such as toys, audiovisual aids, or interactive devices. The evaluation highlights numerous approaches and tools that investigate their impacts on children's physiological responses (e.g., heart rate, cortisol levels) and psychological health (e.g., concern, terror). This review compiles research that shows how diversions and comfort work together to reduce children's experience of pain, decrease the need for pharmaceutical treatments, and promote procedural compliance. How effective these treatments are depends on factors like as age, developmental level, and the type of operation. But there's evidence to suggest that these methods, when tailored to individual needs, might make procedures more pleasant. The research goes on to say that medical professionals need to be taught these ways so that they can be properly implemented and yield the best possible results. The review highlights research gaps such as the need for uniform techniques and stronger, more comprehensive trials to confirm long-term benefits, despite the fact that comfort is valuable and distractions are widely acknowledged. The use of distractions and the promotion of comfort are both emphasised as important components of pain management strategies for children

Neuro-ophthalmology and Vision Impairment: Understanding the Neural Basis of Visual Disorders

2025-06-20T04:17:53+00:00

Neuro-ophthalmic disorders that cause vision impairment create major difficulties for medical practitioners. Artificial intelligence (AI) advances through technological development introduced new ways to detect and track and handle medical conditions by analyzing complicated visual and neural information precisely. Neural visual disorder detection and treatment improvement requires understanding of visual disorder origins therefore this paper examines AI applications in neuro-ophthalmology for diagnosing and managing neural dysfunction-related visual disorders. Potentially disease patterns along with prognostic forecasts and treatment plan improvements form key capabilities demonstrated by AI according to the research. The research team performed an extensive review of present-day artificial intelligence solutions within neuro-ophthalmology where they evaluated machine learning systems alongside deep learning processes and neural network systems which operate for medical diagnostics and prognosis functions and bespoke treatment selection. The study presents both optical coherence tomography (OCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as AI-assisted imaging solutions which improve diagnostic precision. The automation features in diagnosis as well as predictive disease forecasting and patient-specific treatment suggestions emerge from AI technology applications. AI assistive tools remain promising for vision rehabilitation because they improve the lives of people with limited eyesight. However AI usage faces organizational and ethical barriers in neuro-ophthalmology together with rigorous validation requirements and regulatory compliance. The successful implementation of AI in clinical practice needs joint efforts from multiple medical fields and ethical management standards to maintain open systems and priorities patients above all.Further research should concentrate on better AI algorithm development along with expanded data modal combination and strict observation of ethical and regulatory needs. AI collaboration together with neuro-ophthalmic clinical experience will redefine modern vision healthcare which results in better patient results.

Evaluation Of Phytoconstituent And Pharmacological Properties Of Coriandrum Sativum (LINN)

2025-06-20T04:36:50+00:00

Coriandrum sativum (L.), commonly known as coriander, is a widely used herb with significant culinary and medicinal applications. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the phytoconstituents and pharmacological properties of C. sativum. Various parts of the plant, including leaves, seeds, and roots, were subjected to phytochemical screening and extraction processes. The major bioactive compounds identified included flavonoids, phenolic acids, and essential oils. Pharmacological investigations revealed a broad spectrum of therapeutic potential, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities. The antioxidant properties were attributed to the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids, while the antimicrobial effects were linked to the essential oil components. Additionally, the study explored the plant's potential in managing diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. The findings suggest that C. sativum possesses diverse pharmacological properties, supporting its traditional medicinal uses and highlighting its potential for developing novel therapeutic agents. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of action and to explore the clinical applications of these bioactive compounds.

The Therapeutic Massage for Elderly Women with Colorectal Cancer: Effects on Pain, Fatigue, And Anxiety

2025-06-20T04:42:57+00:00

Therapeutic massage (TM) can be used to relieve colorectal cancer pain, fatigue and anxiety in elderly patients. It can promote relaxation and relieve tension by applying physical pressure to muscles, tendons, and connective tissues at specific sites. This study aims to evaluate the effect of therapeutic massage on pain intensity, fatigue and anxiety level among elderly women with colorectal cancer. Design: Quasi-experimental design used to test whether a treatment or intervention affects patient outcomes. Sample: A purposive sample of 60 elderly colorectal cancer patients; 30 study and 30 control groups. Setting: the study was conducted at National Cancer Institute (inpatients and outpatient). Study tools: (1) Structured Personal and Medical Data Questionnaire, (2) Subjective & Objective colorectal cancer Pain intensity Assessment including: part1: Subjective pain intensity assessment, part2: Objective pain intensity assessment (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS): Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Faces Pain Rating Scale (FRS), (3) Hirai Cancer Fatigue Scale (HCFS), (4) Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS). Results: 40% of elderly women patients aged 65 to less than 70 years old in the study group with a mean age 67.6±5.5 years and 36.7% of women patients aged 60 to less than 65 years old in the control group with a mean age 67.5±5.6 years. 96.7%, had severe pain and 73.4% had moderate to severe anxiety during pretest which was decreased to be 96.7% had intermittent pain & 80% had mild to moderate anxiety in the study group after implementation of Therapeutic massage as compared to 46.7% of elderly patients who suffered from severe pain and 100% who suffered from moderate to severe anxiety posttest in the control group whereas Elderly women patients suffered from fatigue pre and post massage in the study and control groups. Conclusion: Therapeutic massage has a positive effect on (pain & anxiety) among colorectal cancer patients. Recommendation: application of TM on a large-scale sample to gain more generalization & endorsement of it as a routine nursing care in medical oncology units

Formulation Development and Characterization of Transdermal Gel Containing Fenoprofen- Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle

2025-06-20T04:49:14+00:00

The topical administration of anti-inflammatory drugs by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) has enormous potential. This study aimed to develop a topical Fenoprofen-loaded SLNs gel to improve the efficacy of the well-known antifungal drug in the treatment of wound healing. Materials and Methods: In order to create Fenoprofen SLNs, concentrations of surfactants were chosen as independent factors, and particle size and %Entrapment Efficiency were chosen as dependent variables. The produced Fenoprofen -SLNs were examined using zeta potential, polydispersity index, and particle size measurements. Additionally, Carbopol 934 was used to incorporate the improved Fenoprofen-SLN formula into gel. The outcomes demonstrated that Fenoprofen -SLNs had colloidal sizes. Fenoprofen -SLNs were discovered to have a particle size and an Entrapment Efficiency. The in vitro release, among other assessment criteria, was evaluated for the improved SLN gels. The study's conclusions imply that the topical gels made with Fenoprofen -loaded SLNs must be effective in the management of wound healing..

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Properties, and Anti-Gout Activity of Cucumis meloagrestis and Albizia thompsonii Extracts

2025-06-20T04:55:22+00:00

This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties, and anti-gout activity of Cucumis meloagrestis and Albizia thompsonii extracts. Both plants, traditionally used for their medicinal properties, were analyzed for their bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and saponins. The total phenolic content (TPC) in C. meloagrestis ranged from 206.07 to 222.2 mg/g, while A. thompsonii exhibited TPC levels between 150 to 155 mg/g. These phytochemicals demonstrated robust antioxidant activity, with significant free radical scavenging capabilities, as confirmed by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The study also explored the anti-gout potential of these plants, particularly focusing on their ability to reduce uric acid levels and mitigate oxidative stress. Hydrolysates from both plants, treated with alcalase, showed the highest anti-gout activity in the 5–10 kDa molecular weight fraction. Furthermore, the extracts exhibited strong anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting enzymes such as COX and LOX. These findings suggest that C. meloagrestis and A. thompsonii are promising sources of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-gout treatments..

Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis: A Gap Betweenguidleines and Practices

2025-06-20T05:08:34+00:00

Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis (SAP) plays a critical role in preventing postoperative infections, reducing hospital stays, and improving patient outcomes. This study, conducted at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Kondapur, evaluates the adherence to SAP guidelines and the impact of prophylactic antibiotic administration on patients undergoing surgery. A prospective observational study was performed on 330 patients undergoing various surgical procedures. Data collection focused on patient demographics, surgery type, antibiotic administration timing, selection, and duration. The study found that the majority of surgeries were clean (65.75%) and clean-contaminated (29.4%), requiring appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis. The most commonly used preoperative antibiotic was Cefuroxime (31.2%), while Cefuroxime (43.6%) and Cefditoren (13%) were the predominant postoperative antibiotics. Third-generation cephalosporins were the most frequently used antibiotic class (40%), followed by second-generation cephalosporins (31.2%). Adherence to WHO guidelines was high, with 98.8% of patients receiving preoperative antibiotics within the recommended timeframe. However, minor deviations in redosing and antibiotic selection were observed.A significant correlation was found between antibiotic administration timing and infection prevention. The study highlights the need for continued adherence to global guidelines and antimicrobial stewardship to minimize resistance and improve patient safety. Future recommendations include enhanced monitoring, periodic training for healthcare providers, and optimized antibiotic selection based on hospital-specific resistance patterns. These findings emphasize the importance of evidence-based SAP protocols in reducing surgical site infections and ensuring better healthcare outcomes..

A Comprehenssive Review On Guava Plant; Nutritional Composition , Potential Pharmacological Activities

2025-06-20T05:14:52+00:00

In countries that are tropical or subtropical, a common food crop and medicinal plant,Psidium guajava is also utilised in traditional medicine all around the world. This seeks to provide thorough understanding of the pharmacological, clinical, and chemical components. A wide range of in vivo and in vitro models have been employed for pharmacological investigations. Important phyto-constituents for medicine have also been found. Several metabolites in good yield, primarily from the phenolic, flavonid, carotenoid, terpenoid, and triterpene groups, have been demonstrated to have beneficial biological actions. This plant's metabolites and extracts, especially those derived from the leaves and fruits, have beneficial pharmacological properties. Because of its antispasmodic and antibacterial properties, P. guajava is mostly used to treat diarrhoea and dysentery, according to a review of the literature. has also been used extensively as a hypoglycemic agent. Numerous pharmacological studies have demonstrated the antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, antispasmodic, vigorous, cough suppressant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive qualities of this plant, thereby substantiating its traditional uses. Provide a variety of clinical uses for the treatment of diabetes, diarrhoea, and infantile rotaviralenteritis.

New Media as a Tool for Menstruation Hygiene Awareness: A Systematic Review

2025-06-20T05:20:50+00:00

In recent years, new media has emerged as a powerful tool for raising awareness about menstruation hygiene and breaking taboos. This systematic review explores the impact and effectiveness of various new media platforms in promoting menstruation hygiene awareness, such as social media, mobile applications, and online forums. Through a comprehensive analysis of studies conducted between 2010 and 2024, this review highlights the transformative role of digital platforms in disseminating information and empowering individuals with knowledge about menstrual health.

The findings suggest that social media campaigns, interactive apps, and online educational content have significantly improved menstrual hygiene practices among diverse populations. Social media campaigns leverage the widespread reach of platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to disseminate information quickly and engage with a broad audience. Interactive apps offer personalized education and reminders, making it easier for users to track their menstrual health and receive tailored advice. These platforms not only provide accurate information but also create supportive communities where individuals can share experiences and seek advice without fear of stigma. The anonymity and accessibility of online forums and social media groups allow for open discussions that might not occur in face-to-face settings. This communal support is crucial in breaking down societal taboos and empowering individuals to take control of their menstrual health.

Additionally, the review identifies the challenges and limitations of using new media for this purpose, including issues related to digital literacy, accessibility, and the potential for misinformation. Digital literacy is essential for effectively using these platforms, and there is a risk for those with limited access to technology. This review underscores the potential of new media to revolutionize menstruation hygiene education and advocacy. The insights gained from this review can inform future initiatives and guide policymakers, educators, and health professionals in harnessing the power of new media to address menstruation hygiene effectively...

An Evaluative study on Barriers and Challenges of Change Management in I.T sector

2025-06-20T05:32:59+00:00

Change management within the Information Technology (I.T.) sector is both a recurrent imperative and a persistent challenge. Despite ongoing innovations and the necessity for organizational adaptability, a high proportion of change initiatives struggle or fail. Analysis of contemporary research reveals that these outcomes stem from a complex interplay between organizational, human, process, and sectoral forces. This article evaluates the multifaceted barriers and challenges of change management in I.T., drawing upon empirical, case-based, and theoretical literature. It further identifies emergent strategies and mindsets that practitioners should adopt to enhance the likelihood and sustainability of successful change. In this paper to study on barriers and Challenges of Change Management in I.T sector in selected unit of study area. The primary data is collected by distributing a questionnaire to employees and asking for their candid feedback. There are various initiatives taken by Organization across people, process and technology to manage change diligently

Hippocampal Volume Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease

2025-06-20T05:38:47+00:00

Hippocampal volume change over time, as evaluated by MRI, offers excellent potential as a marker for Alzheimer's “disease. In this study, we consider, using publicly available Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software, a fully automated and computationally efficient processing pipeline for atlas-based hippocampal volumetry in 75 amnestic subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Subjects were split into two groups: MCI stable and MCI to probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) converters, based on follow-up diagnoses at 0, 6, and 12 months. From the baseline T1-weighted MRI, the hippocampal grey matter volume (HGMV) was measured and adjusted for age and total intracranial volume. The average processing time per subject on a typical PC was less than 4 minutes. To identify MCI to likely AD converters, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curves of the corrected hippocampal grey matter volume right (HGMVR) and hippocampal grey matter volume left (HGMVL) were determined. Using one-way ANOVA data on the MMSE score, HGMVR, and HGMVL, a ROC CURVE is computed to compare the control group versus MCI and the control group versus AD.

Systematic Review on Role of Social Media on Promotional Practices in Educational Sector

2025-06-20T06:22:27+00:00

To review on role of Social Media on Promotional Practices in educational sector in the rapidly evolving landscape of education, the integration of technology has fundamentally altered the traditional paradigms of communication and outreach. Among the myriad forces driving this transformation, social media stands out as a dynamic catalyst reshaping promotional practices within the educational sector. The review will focus on the role of Social Media on Promotional Practices in educational sector. This technique will guide the systematic exploration, choice, and analysis of relevant research. A systematic review is a meticulous and organized approach to combining evidence from several studies to address specific research goals. The evolution of Social Media Technology (SMT) has transformed mass communication, surpassing traditional mediums. Its multifaceted capabilities and global reach make it indispensable, influencing perceptions, affiliations, and even political discourse. User-generated content distinguishes it, prompting a shift in information consumption. SMT extends beyond social networking, fostering global idea exchange and playing a crucial role in higher education, shaping social identities. The study highlights its potential in enhancing educational opportunities, especially for those lacking traditional support services. As society embraces social media, its profound influence on connections, engagement, and relationships becomes evident. SMT is not just a communication tool but a catalyst for societal change, shaping the future of communication, education, and society itself

Prevalence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) in Gram Negative Bacterial isolates from different clinical samples

2025-06-20T06:33:34+00:00

Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem that can cross international boundaries and spread between continents very easily and speedily. World health readers have described antibiotic resistant organisms as “nightmare bacteria” that pose a “catastrophic threat” to people in every country in the world. The use of antibiotic is the single most important factor leading to antibiotic resistance around the world. Emergence of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents in pathogenic bacteria has become a significant public health threat as there are fewer, or even sometimes no, effective antimicrobial agents available for infections caused by these bacteria. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are both affected by the emergence and rise of antimicrobial resistance. As this problem continues to grow, harmonized definitions with which to describe and classify bacteria that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents are needed, so that epidemiological surveillance data can be reliably collected and compared across healthcare settings and countries. Present study will help to know the prevalent drug resistant bacterial strain and their resistance pattern and also to detect the incidence of Multi drug resistant (MDR) in Gram negative bacterial isolates in tertiary care hospital. This Prospective study will be conducted in central laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences Udaipur. Total 371 gram negative bacterial isolates were obtained in two and half year study. Male patients 53% and female patient's 47%. most of the bacteria isolated from Urine specimen 157 followed by pus sample 73. MDR was reported in GNB about 61.18%, Klebsiella spp 120 was the most reported bacteria in our study followed by E. coli, 112.

Phytochemical Evaluation, Physicochemical Standardization, and Antioxidant Potential of a Polyherbal Formulation: A Comprehensive Assessment

2025-06-20T07:19:25+00:00

The present study focuses on the formulation, standardization, and evaluation of a traditional polyherbal churna comprising Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum, Plumbago zeylanica, Terminalia chebula, Trachyspermum ammi, and Argyreia nervosa. The formulation was prepared in-house following classical Ayurvedic guidelines, and its quality was assessed through organoleptic, physicochemical, and phytochemical parameters. Physicochemical parameters such as foreign organic matter, loss on drying, ash values, and extractive values of individual ingredients were found within pharmacopoeial limits, ensuring purity and consistency. Organoleptic analysis showed a light brown powder with pungent taste and characteristic odour. The formulation demonstrated acceptable flow properties with bulk and tap densities of 0.382 and 0.462 g/ml, respectively. The sodium content was 8.5 ppm, and the pH ranged from neutral to mildly acidic (7.05 and 5.60 for 1% and 10% w/w, respectively). Phytochemical screening revealed a total phenolic content of 188 µg/ml, tannin content of 12%, piperine content of 0.552%, and gallic acid content of 0.382%. Antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH, total antioxidant capacity, and reducing power assays revealed strong free radical scavenging potential, especially in methanolic extract, with IC₅₀ values of 98 µg/ml (DPPH). The results validate the antioxidant efficacy and traditional therapeutic relevance of the polyherbal formulation, supporting its future use in clinical or preventive herbal applications.

Comparative Study of Carrying Angle Between Dominant and Non-Dominant Limbs in Central Indian Paediatric Population

2025-06-20T07:24:57+00:00

Introduction –When the arm is supinated and the elbow joint is fully extended, the forearm remains laterally deflected and not in a straight line with the arm. This leads to the formation of an angle between the long axis of the arm and the long axis of forearm, which is referred to as the carrying angle (CA) of the elbow. The evidence in literature falls short when comparing sexual dimorphism regarding CA and comparing dominant with non-dominant hand. Thus, the present study aimed at measuring the CA between dominant and non-dominant limb in both girls and boys.

Material And Methods – CA was measured in 504 paediatric school going children of both sexes using a manual goniometer. All the subjects were categorised into four separate groups according to age (Group I – 6-8 years; Group II – 9-10 years; Group III – 11-12 years; Group IV – 13-14 years) and the observations were recorded accordingly. Statistical calculations, Student’s t-test, were done using Prism software.

Result- Present study showed significant difference in CA between dominant and non-dominant limb in both the sexes and in all the four groups.

Conclusion – The result of our study could be useful in gaining more insight in measurement of carrying angle and its variation between dominant and non-dominant limb while evaluating traumatic elbow injuries in childhood and adolescence and other elbow disorders requiring reconstruction or arthroplasties..

Effectiveness of a Self-Instructive Educational Approach on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Immunization of Under-Five Children Among Nursing Students

2025-06-20T07:32:03+00:00

Background: Immunization is a vital public health intervention, and nursing students play a key role in vaccine promotion and delivery. However, gaps in knowledge and passive attitudes among students may hinder effective vaccine advocacy.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a self-instructional educational module in improving nursing students’ knowledge and attitude toward immunization of under-five children.

Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was used among 87 third- and fourth-year nursing students. A validated self-instructional module was administered, and knowledge and attitude were assessed using structured questionnaires before and after the intervention.

Results: Post-intervention, students with “good” knowledge scores increased from 9.2% to 64.4%, and those with favorable attitudes rose from 14.9% to 65.5%. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) was found between knowledge and attitude. Associations were observed between pre-test knowledge and prior immunization program participation (p = 0.048), and between favorable attitudes and source of immunization knowledge (p = 0.039).

Conclusion: The self-instructive module significantly enhanced students’ knowledge and attitudes toward childhood immunization. Integrating such tools into nursing education can prepare students as effective immunization advocates

Comparative Evaluation of Cephalometric Analysis for Assessing Sagittal Jaw Relationship

2025-06-20T07:51:50+00:00

Background: Assessment of sagittal jaw relationship is crucial in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Various cephalometric parameters such as ANB angle, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, and Yen angle are commonly used, each with inherent limitations. This study aims to comparatively evaluate the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of multiple cephalometric analyses in determining the sagittal relationship of jaws.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective cephalometric study was conducted using lateral cephalograms of 90 subjects aged 16–25 years, divided equally into three groups based on clinical diagnosis: Class I, Class II, and Class III skeletal patterns. Five cephalometric parameters—ANB angle, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, Yen angle, and W angle—were measured using Dolphin Imaging software. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Mean ANB angle values were 2.5° ± 0.6 for Class I, 5.8° ± 0.9 for Class II, and -1.4° ± 0.7 for Class III. Wits appraisal showed values of -1.0 mm ± 0.8 (Class I), +3.2 mm ± 1.1 (Class II), and -4.5 mm ± 1.0 (Class III). Beta angle ranged from 27.5° ± 1.2 (Class II) to 35.6° ± 1.3 (Class III), while Yen angle and W angle also demonstrated significant differences across all groups (p<0.001). Among all parameters, the Beta angle showed the highest consistency with clinical diagnosis, followed closely by W angle.

Conclusion: While all five cephalometric parameters provided valuable insights into sagittal jaw discrepancies, Beta angle and W angle proved to be more reliable and consistent across different skeletal classes. These findings support the use of multiple analyses for comprehensive assessment in orthodontic treatment planning

Three-Dimensional versus two- dimensional Radiographic Analysis of Alveolar Bone Dimensions and Maxillofacial Landmarks: A Comparative Evaluation for Precision Treatment Planning

2025-06-20T08:50:44+00:00

Background: Dental radiography is essential for diagnosing oral and maxillofacial conditions. Panoramic radiography (OPG) offers a cost-effective two-dimensional view suitable for routine assessments, while cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides three-dimensional imaging, ideal for complex cases like implant planning and surgical precision. Although OPG is quick and low in radiation, it has spatial inaccuracies, making CBCT preferable for advanced diagnostics. Evaluating OPG's magnification factor is vital for accurate diagnoses.

Methods: Seventy-five patients at Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital with clear OPG and CBCT images of maxillary and mandibular landmarks were included. Only patients without jaw pathologies and with healthy periodontal conditions were selected. Vertical and horizontal distances from key anatomical sites were measured, with CBCT used as the reference. Statistical analyses validated the results.

Results: OPG measurements of alveolar bone dimensions were comparable to CBCT, showing a strong positive correlation (r = 0.924 to 0.994; p < 0.001). Minor accuracy discrepancies were noted in complex regions, although statistically insignificant. These variations may be relevant in high-precision cases like implant placement. CBCT’s three-dimensional imaging provides superior insights into critical spatial relationships.

Conclusion: OPG is reliable for routine alveolar bone measurements, but slight variations in complex areas can affect precision. While OPG is effective for preliminary assessments, CBCT offers enhanced accuracy for intricate cases, such as surgical procedures.

Assessment of extraction in patients on oral anticoagulant therapy with and without stopping the drug

2025-06-20T09:07:43+00:00

Background: It is controversial whether or not oral anticoagulants should be stopped before extraction in patients using them. The present study was conducted to assess cases undergoing extraction in patients on oral anticoagulant therapy with and without stopping the drug.

Materials & Methods: 50 patients on oral anticoagulant therapy scheduled for dental extraction of both genderswere divided into 2 groups of 25 each. Group I patients were instructed to continue warfarin without any alteration of the dose prior to dental extractions, and group II patients were instructed to stop warfarin 3 days before extraction.

Results: Out of 50 patients, 30 were males and 20 were females. Tooth extracted were incisors in 4 in group I and 5 in group II, canine 2 in group I and 6 in group II, premolar 5 in group I and 4 in group II and molars 5 in group I and 4 in group II. The difference was non- significant (P> 0.05). The mean INR was 2.6 in group I and 1.4 in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).

Conclusion: As long as the INR remains within the therapeutic range, post-extraction bleeding is not a significant issue for patients who continue oral anticoagulant medication without changing the dosage.

Detection of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (MBL) Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan

2025-06-20T09:20:24+00:00

Introduction: P. aeruginosa is a prevalent pathogenic agent in neonatal critical care units due to its widespread distribution, strong preference for wet environments, and capacity to thrive in a variety of settings. Predisposing factor with considerable morbidity and fatality rates in Pseudomonas septicemia are invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and indiscriminate antibiotic usage Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been found to cause a mixture of infections in clinical practice: like chronic Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infection, septicemia in burn patients, surgical wound infection, urinary tract infection, corneal ulceration and Infrequently, P. aeruginosa can colonize human body sites, with a partiality for moist areas, such as the perineum, axilla, ear, nasal mucosa, throat, as well as stools.

Aims & objectives: Isolation and identification of Pseudomonas species. To find out prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from various clinical samples. To detect Metallo beta lactamase in Pseudomonas species isolated from various clinical samples.

Materials and methods: Various clinical samples like Urine, Endotracheal, Tracheostomy, Blood, Pus, Sputum, and CSF were collected by aseptic technique in sterile container except blood which is collected in blood culture bottle. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing will be done on Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) according to CLSI guidelines for Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test. After 24 hours of incubation zone of inhibition were measured. Phenotypic metallo-beta-lactamase also detected as per standard guidelines.

Results and Observation: In our research study we have analyzed 1000 various clinical samples i.e Urine, ET, TT Blood, Pus, Sputum, and CSF and isolate 400 samples of pseudomonas species. Out of 400 Pseudomonas species 300 were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 30 percent. Detection of Metalloid-β-lactamases (MBLs) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In our study we have noted that maximum resistance was found in Imipenem 112 (37.33%). Out of 112 imipinem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 40 (35.71%) were detected as a MBL producer. Phonotypical detection of Metallo-β-lactamases.

Discussion and Conclusion: The emergence of carbapenem resistance reflects a threat limiting treatment choices and suggests the need for on-going epidemiological and antimicrobial susceptibility studies and longitudinal surveillance of antibiotic prescription. Increase in antibacterial resistance in P. aeruginosa is a cause of concern. So, continuous monitoring of bacterial resistance trends should be done and therapy should be based on antibacterial susceptibility results...

Efficacy of Abhyantar Snehapan and Anuvasan Basti in The Management of Sthaulya

2025-06-21T04:41:32+00:00

Obesity (Sthaulya) is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, predisposing individuals to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other comorbidities. In Ayurveda, Sthaulya is described as a Santarpanajanya (overnutrition) condition involving excess Meda (fat) and is managed with Apatarpana (de-nourishment) therapies and Panchakarma detoxification. This study evaluates the efficacy of Abhyantar Snehapan (internal oleation with medicated ghee) versus Anuvasan Basti (medicated oil enema used as Sneha Pravicharana, an alternative oleation method) in the management of obesity, in patients who all subsequently underwent Virechana (therapeutic purgation). A total of 10 obese patients were divided into two groups of 5 each. Group A received internal Snehapan with Go Ghrita (cow ghee) for 7 days, while Group B received Sneha Pravicharana by daily Anuvasana Basti with Bruhat Saindhavadi Taila for 7 days. All patients then underwent a classical Virechana procedure to eliminate vitiated Doshas. Outcomes, including body weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured before treatment and after completion of the therapy. Results: Both groups showed reductions in weight and BMI, but Group A (internal Snehapan) demonstrated a significantly greater mean weight loss (≈3.66 kg, ~4.5%) compared to Group B (≈1.88 kg, ~2.3%) (p<0.01). Group A’s BMI decreased from 31.7 to 30.3 (mean), whereas Group B’s BMI decreased from 32.1 to 31.4. No severe adverse effects were observed in either group. Discussion: Internal oleation was found to enhance the efficacy of Virechana by achieving better systemic lipid mobilization and elimination, resulting in more pronounced weight reduction, while Anuvasana Basti provided moderate improvements. These findings align with classical Ayurvedic principles that emphasize the importance of adequate Snehana for successful Shodhana outcomes. Anuvasana Basti, though less potent in short-term weight loss, offers a viable alternative for patients unable to tolerate oral intake of ghee, and it may be safer or more practical in certain clinical situations. Conclusion: Abhyantar Snehapan combined with Virechana therapy was more effective than Anuvasan Basti (Sneha Pravicharana) combined with Virechana in reducing weight and BMI in obese patients under the conditions of this study. Proper internal oleation appears to facilitate a more thorough detoxification in the management of Sthaulya. Nevertheless, Anuvasana Basti still conferred meaningful benefits and can serve as an alternative Sneha therapy in obesity management, especially for individuals contraindicated or intolerant to oral ghee intake. Further large-scale studies are recommended to confirm these results and to explore long-term outcomes, including metabolic parameters.

Rapid Improvement in Inflammatory Markers Before and After Vamana Karma in Peenasa (Sinusitis)

2025-06-21T04:48:47+00:00

Background: Peenasa, described in Ayurveda as a Vata-Kaphaja disorder correlating to sinusitis, is a common and chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. Conventional treatments (antibiotics, decongestants, antihistamines, etc.) often provide only temporary symptomatic relief while the underlying pathology persists. Ayurvedic classics recommend Vamana karma (therapeutic emesis) for Peenasa, and prior studies have reported significant improvement in sinusitis symptoms with Vamana therapy.

Objective: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the rapid effects of Vamana karma on objective inflammatory markers – total leukocyte (WBC) count, eosinophil count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) – in patients with chronic sinusitis.

Methods: Five patients (ages 27–35; 2 males, 3 females) diagnosed with Peenasa (sinusitis) underwent classical Vamana karma. Baseline and 7-day post-treatment values of WBC, eosinophils, and ESR were measured. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests to assess statistically significant changes.

Results: All patients exhibited a notable reduction in inflammatory markers within one week. The mean WBC count decreased from 9380 to 7460 per µL (∼20% drop, p<0.005), mean eosinophil count from 590 to 488 per µL (∼17% drop, p<0.001), and mean ESR from 17.6 to 13.6 mm/hr (∼23% drop, p<0.005). These changes were statistically significant. Each individual showed a downward trend in these markers after Vamana.

Conclusion: Vamana therapy was associated with rapid and significant improvement in objective markers of inflammation in sinusitis patients. This suggests that Vamana not only provides symptomatic relief as noted in Ayurveda, but also measurably reduces underlying inflammatory and allergic processes in the short term. While limited by small sample size, this preliminary evidence supports Vamana karma as a potential integrative approach for managing chronic sinusitis. Larger controlled studies are recommended to confirm these findings and assess long-term outcomes.

Beyond The Clinic: an Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Awareness Among Public

2025-06-21T04:53:36+00:00

Antibiotics, Antibiotic resistance, Antimicrobial resistance, Multidrug resistance, Stewardship. Antibiotic resistance is occurring everywhere in the world, compromising the treatment of infectious diseases and undermining many other advances in health and medicine. It represents one of the biggest threats to global health today, and can affect any one, of any age, in any country. It leads to longer hospital stays, higher medical costs and increased mortality. Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, but misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is accelerating the process. Tackling antibiotic resistance is a high priority for the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is coordinating a global campaign to raise awareness and encourage best practices among the public, policymakers, health and agriculture professionals. This survey provides a snapshot of current public awareness and common behavior related to antibiotics in a range of countries. Our objectives include creating awareness among people about the antibiotic resistance, to analyze the problem of antibiotic resistance by conducting a survey among people and to find the possible solutions to overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance. This survey will provide an insight into the level of AMR awareness and antibiotic use in public. Through the response of 200 individuals, we can say that there is an overall poor understanding of antimicrobial resistance and/or improper use of antibiotics among the people

Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Impacts of Perinatal Ethanol Exposure in Dunkin-Hartley Guinea Pigs: A Comparative Study of Spontaneous Locomotion, Spatial Memory, and Brain Development

2025-06-21T04:59:25+00:00

Perinatal ethanol exposure (CPEE) is an established risk factor for enduring neurodevelopmental deficits. This research investigates the behavioural, cognitive, and neuroanatomical effects of early ethanol exposure in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs. Male and female guinea pigs (550–650 g) were treated humanely in accordance with IAEC guidelines and allocated to either an ethanol-treated group or a nutritional control group. Ethanol (4 g/kg) or isocaloric sucrose was administered weekly through oral gavage, and blood ethanol concentrations (BEC) were measured using headspace gas-liquid chromatography. Spontaneous locomotor activity was evaluated on postnatal day 10 utilising an infrared-equipped open-field arena. Beginning on postnatal day 21, subjects underwent assessments for spatial learning and memory using either the dry-land Biel maze or the rewarded alternation Y-maze. The Biel maze evaluated navigation accuracy, errors, and latency to reward, whereas the Y-maze examined working memory and choice behaviour under delayed conditions. Animals were euthanised with halothane between postnatal days 150 and 200, followed by the extraction and weighing of their brains. Statistical analyses comprised t-tests and two-way ANOVA, employing Bonferroni corrections. No sex differences were observed; the data were aggregated. Guinea pigs exposed to ethanol exhibited heightened hyperactivity, extended trial durations, increased errors in spatial tasks, and markedly reduced brain weights relative to control subjects. The findings suggest that CPEE adversely affects motor regulation and cognitive function, probably as a result of neuroanatomical alterations

Nutraceutical Interventions for Hypertension: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence

2025-06-21T05:03:55+00:00

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A Review Of Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Models Using Deep Learning And Transfer Learning In Cardiology

2025-06-21T05:20:43+00:00

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the foremost cause of death on a global scale.According to a report by the World Health Organization, around 18.6 million individuals succumb to CVD annually. Key cardiac risks encompass arrhythmia and coronary artery disease, among others. Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence have become crucial for life-saving interventions in CVD treatment. This survey explores the latest advancements in Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Pre-trained transfer learning models for classifying and predicting CVD, drawing on a review of 122 articles, which include 33 image datasets, 38 signal data, and 49 clinical data from diverse sources. The survey delves into risk factor of cardiovascular disease, cardiac impairment category, medical image processing techniques, performance metrics, and hybrid techniques. Studies on traditional neural networks like Convolutional Neural Networks, Artificial Neural Networks, and Recurrent Neural Networks often achieve accuracy rates ranging from 75% to 95%. By utilizing pre-trained architectures such as ResNet, DenseNet, Alex Net, Bi-GRU, Mobile Net, Efficient Net, and Google Net, BERT , transfer learning models consistently surpass other methods, frequently achieving accuracy levels exceeding 96%. Researchers employ various hybrid optimization algorithms to enhance the overall accuracy rate. The survey's findings support an accurate prognosis for patients with comorbidities The findings underscore challenges in combining multimodal data for real-time risk evaluation, while also offering valuable insights that could bridge existing gaps in cardiovascular disease prediction and support clinicians in early diagnosis and prognosis.

ACE2 Gene Polymorphism And Its Clinical Correlation With Biochemical Imbalance

2025-06-21T05:28:40+00:00

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a pivotal role in the renin–angiotensin system, with emerging evidence linking its genetic variants to metabolic and hepatic homeostasis. This cross sectional study assessed the association between a common ACE2 single nucleotide polymorphism and key biochemical markers in 200 adult patients undergoing routine health evaluations. Genotyping was performed by PCR RFLP, and fasting blood samples were analysed for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), liver transaminases (SGOT/AST and SGPT/ALT), a full lipid panel (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides), and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D₃. Statistical comparisons between ACE2 positive (n = 155) and ACE2 negative (n = 45) groups employed Student’s t tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and chi square analyses as appropriate, with significance defined as p < 0.05. Carriers of the ACE2 polymorphism demonstrated a modest but statistically significant elevation in mean HbA1c (4.56 ± 1.88 % vs. 3.83 ± 1.73 %; p = 0.017), indicating a shift toward subclinical glucose dysregulation despite low prevalence of overt diabetes. SGOT levels were significantly higher among carriers (55.7 ± 21.0 IU/L vs. 46.7 ± 15.9 IU/L; p = 0.0027), while SGPT exhibited a non significant upward trend. No differences were observed in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, or triglyceride concentrations between genotypic groups (all p > 0.05). Serum vitamin D₃ deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was ubiquitous (≈48 % of participants) and did not differ by ACE2 status (p = 0.42). These findings suggest that ACE2 genetic variation contributes to subtle impairments in glucose handling and low grade hepatic stress, without appreciable effects on lipid metabolism or vitamin D status. Incorporation of ACE2 genotyping into risk stratification protocols could enable early identification of individuals at risk for metabolic derangements, guiding tailored lifestyle or pharmacologic interventions. Future longitudinal and mechanistic studies are warranted to determine whether ACE2 driven metabolic shifts translate into increased incidence of type 2 diabetes or hepatic pathology, and to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the ACE2/angiotensin (1–7) axis.

Suitability Of Smart Paddlewheel Aerator In The Medical Field

2025-06-21T05:33:24+00:00

Multidisciplinary innovations, particularly those originating from engineering and environmental sciences, are perpetually advantageous to the medical field. One such innovation is the smart paddlewheel aerator, which was initially developed for wastewater treatment and aquaculture. The present research examine its possible relevance and adaptation in a range of medical settings, with a focus on biomedical engineering, therapeutic hydrotherapy, and hospital wastewater treatment. The study glances at how paddlewheel aerators operate, and how their functionality can be strategically enhanced with automation and the Internet of Things, and what possible medical applications there might be for efficient and regulated oxygen transfer. In addition to recommended fixes and potential avenues for further research, technical issues such as biocompatibility, sterilization, and regulatory concerns are covered. The purpose of this multidisciplinary investigation is to determine whether smart paddlewheel aerators can be used in the healthcare industry as cost-effective, feasible, and sustainable technologies.

Molecular Docking Analysis of Human Thymidylate Synthase with the Anticancer Inhibitor Raltitrexed: - Advancing Drug Discovery and Design

2025-06-21T05:39:40+00:00

Molecular docking was employed to elucidate the binding interactions between human thymidylate synthase (hTS) and the clinically established antifolate inhibitor Raltitrexed, with the aim of informing structure based anticancer drug design. The crystal structure of hTS (PDB ID: 1HVY) was prepared by removal of crystallographic water, addition of polar hydrogens, and energy minimization. Raltitrexed’s three dimensional geometry was optimized using MMFF94 force fields. Automated docking was performed using the SwissDock platform, generating multiple binding poses clustered by FullFitness score. The top-ranked pose (Cluster 0) exhibited a binding energy of –53.41 kcal·mol⁻¹ and formed key hydrogen bonds with catalytic residues Cys195 and Arg218, alongside π–π stacking with Phe226 and electrostatic contacts with Glu58 at the active site interface. Secondary clusters (1–3) yielded binding energies in the range of –50.01 to –48.23 kcal·mol⁻¹, corroborating a consistent binding mode. Structural analysis revealed that Raltitrexed occupies the dUMP binding cavity, sterically occluding substrate access and mimicking the native cofactor’s interaction network. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic assessments indicated favorable lipophilicity (consensus log P = 1.83) and compliance with Lipinski’s Rule of 5, although the high topological polar surface area (TPSA = 180.9 Å²) suggests limited gastrointestinal absorption. Raltitrexed did not inhibit major CYP450 isoforms but was predicted as a P glycoprotein substrate, potentially impacting bioavailability. Overall, docking results validate Raltitrexed’s high affinity and specificity for hTS, reinforcing its mechanism of competitive inhibition. These findings provide atomic level insights into inhibitor enzyme interactions, supporting rational optimization of Raltitrexed analogs with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Future work will involve molecular dynamics simulations to assess the stability of the hTS–Raltitrexed complex under physiological conditions and in vitro enzymatic assays to correlate predicted binding affinities with inhibitory potency.

Longitudinal Assessment of Gut Microbiome Alterations in Early Childhood and Their Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

2025-06-21T05:47:03+00:00

This longitudinal study investigates the dynamic evolution of the gut microbiome in early childhood and its relationship with neurodevelopmental outcomes across cognitive, motor, and behavioral domains. A cohort of 196 children was followed from birth to five years, with quarterly stool samples analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing and standardized neurodevelopmental assessments conducted annually. Results revealed that children with delayed colonization of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium exhibited lower cognitive and language scores, while higher microbial diversity was consistently associated with improved executive functioning. Predictive modeling identified specific microbial taxa—such as Veillonella, Blautia, and Ruminococcus—as strong early-life indicators of later neurodevelopmental performance (AUC = 0.86). These findings emphasize the mechanistic role of the gut-brain axis in early human development and suggest that microbiome-informed pediatric interventions may offer a viable strategy to enhance neurodevelopmental health.

Adolescent Obesity: Understanding Psychological Impacts And Knowledge Gaps In Urban India

2025-06-21T06:03:12+00:00

Adolescent obesity has emerged as a global health concern, with significant physical and psychological implications. This study aimed to assess adolescents' knowledge regarding the psychological impacts of obesity in a selected pre-university college in Bangalore, with a view to developing an information guide sheet. Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from 455 adolescents (272 boys and 183 girls) aged 16–17 years through a structured knowledge questionnaire comprising 40 items. The questionnaire assessed four key areas: basic concepts of obesity, psychological impacts, body dissatisfaction, and poor psychosocial adjustment.

Findings revealed that 56% of participants had inadequate knowledge, 44% had moderate knowledge, and none demonstrated adequate knowledge about the psychological impacts of obesity. The mean knowledge score was 41.4%, with the highest scores in basic concepts of obesity (46.3%) and the lowest in depression and poor psychosocial adjustment (37.8%). Significant associations were observed between knowledge levels and variables such as age, gender, place of residence, and dietary patterns. Older adolescents, females, and those with mixed dietary patterns had better knowledge scores.

The results underscore the urgent need for targeted educational interventions to improve adolescents' understanding of obesity and its psychological consequences. Such efforts are essential to promote healthier behaviors, improve mental well-being, and reduce the burden of obesity-related complications. This study highlights the critical role of health education in addressing the dual burden of physical and psychological challenges associated with adolescent obesity

Therapeutic Role of Yoga and Pathophysiological Insights of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

2025-06-21T06:10:19+00:00

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal condition impacting around 8-13% of women of reproductive age, with up to 70% of cases remaining undiagnosed. One of the many symptoms of PCOS is pelvic floor dysfunction, which commonly includes urinary incontinence, pelvic pain, and sexual dysfunction, affecting many women with the condition. While hormonal and metabolic dysregulation are central to PCOS pathophysiology, emerging evidence suggests that Yoga therapy may play a beneficial role in improving pelvic muscle function. This review aims to explore the underlying mechanisms through which Yoga therapy may modulate pelvic floor function in PCOS patients. Through a review of relevant literature, We investigate the impact of Yoga on the strength of pelvic floor muscles, flexibility, autonomic nervous system balance, and hormonal regulation, with a focus on how these factors intersect in the context of PCOS

Role Of CDKN2A A Cell Cycle Regulation in diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review

2025-06-21T06:16:49+00:00

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents a significant global health burden, marked by high mortality and poor prognosis. It is most commonly observed in individuals who consume tobacco, particularly long-term users. The disease arises from a series of cellular and molecular changes, including alterations in gene expression that drive cancer development. Understanding and potentially reversing these genetic and epigenetic changes may aid in disease prevention and treatment.

Among the key molecular aberrations involved in OSCC pathogenesis are alterations in the CDKN2A gene. Located on chromosome 9p21, CDKN2A encodes two critical tumor suppressor proteins—p16^INK4a^ and p14^ARF^—which regulate the cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Loss of function in CDKN2A disrupts these regulatory processes, thereby promoting cancer development.

This review explores the molecular biology of CDKN2A, its alterations in OSCC, the associated signaling pathways, and potential therapeutic implications. Epigenetic and genetic regulation of CDKN2A may offer promising strategies for cancer prevention and therapy. Ongoing research into this gene and its related pathways holds the potential to deliver transformative insights, ultimately improving prognostic accuracy and treatment outcomes for OSCC patients

Concept Analysis: Effectiveness of Pulmonary Interventions Package on Health-Related Quality of Life and Clinical Outcomes among COPD Patients in Selected Hospitals

2025-06-21T06:22:35+00:00

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Comparing Allopathic and Herbal Treatments in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Novel Review of Emerging Phytopharmacological Interventions

2025-06-21T06:26:25+00:00

Objective: To contrast traditional allopathic treatments with newer herbal and phytopharmacological therapies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a syndrome often occurring with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.

Methodology: A narrative, PRISMA-guided PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar search (January 2015 – May 2025) was performed using "NAFLD," "NASH," "allopathic treatment," "herbal medicine," and "phytopharmacology." Peer-reviewed English human, animal, or in-vitro articles were included; non-NAFLD liver diseases and non-peer-reviewed articles were excluded. Two reviewers screened titles/abstracts independently, resolved disagreements by consensus, and extracted data on intervention type, dosage, duration, outcomes, mechanisms, and adverse effects.

Results: Allopathic drugs—pioglitazone, vitamin E, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT-2 inhibitors—enhance liver enzymes and histology but are hampered by single-pathway action and side effects. Herbal alternatives like Silybum marianum, berberine, curcumin, and Phyllanthus niruri have multitarget antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing actions with fewer adverse events, but are plagued by inconsistent standardization and limited high-quality trials.

Conclusion: A combination of lifestyle change, evidence-based drugs, and strictly proven phytopharmacological compounds could provide an enhanced NAFLD approach. Well-designed large clinical trials are necessary to prove the safety and efficacy of these herbal agents and allow them to be incorporated into regular care regimens.

The Effect of Androgenic Agents as A Strategy and Indicator of Recovery in the Postoperative Period of Femur Fracture in Newborns and Domestic Kittens (10-40 Weeks)

2025-06-21T07:36:46+00:00

Sex steroids play an essential role in maintaining bone health throughout life, and the adverse effects of hormone deficiency are seen in both young and old male and female animals. The mechanism of these effects is not fully understood and is a subject of extensive research effort, although the potential therapeutic implications in this area are considerable. The question that arises at this stage is whether these hormones can statistically play a significant and determining role in bone formation and healing.

Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate how steroid hormones can be used as a strategy and indicator in fractures and bone healing in neutered and unneutered male animals, and even in female animals and animals that are somehow deficient in or impaired by steroid hormones. In this study, ten apparently healthy male kittens were selected from the laboratory type and sterilized using the scrotal method. Four holes with diameters of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm were implanted on the tibia from the side along the length of the bone. Then, they were divided into two groups.

Group 1: Nandrolone decanoate was injected intramuscularly at intervals of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Group 2: Cyproterone was administered to the kittens every other week until the eighth week.

Independent variables: Nandrolone decanoate and cyproterone acetate

Dependent variables: Bone tissue formation rate - Callus formation rate - Pressure tolerance

In the data collection section, radiographic evaluation was performed at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Histopathological evaluation was performed in the last week (12 weeks) of bone samples sent to the pathology laboratory and gait assessment was performed at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. For the temporal evaluation of radiographs, which had a normal distribution, analysis of variance tests were used at a significant level of 0.05. For gait, which was on a rank scale, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Statistical calculations were performed using the SPSS statistical program. The results showed that the gait of kittens in both groups improved significantly from one to eight weeks. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the two groups at different times and between different times in each group. Except for the first week, where this difference was completely normal.

There was a significant difference in the amount of callus formed in the two groups at some times. In terms of pathology, the evaluation of the first and second groups indicated the occurrence of healing and formation of bone callus in both groups, but comparatively, the first group had a wider and more voluminous callus and the entire healing process was at a more advanced stage.

Impact of Nurse-led Mindfulness and Stress Reduction Programs on Patients with Anxiety and Depression: A Systematic Review

2025-06-21T07:39:52+00:00

Background:
Anxiety and depression are prevalent mental health conditions globally. Nurse-led mindfulness and stress reduction interventions have emerged as accessible, cost-effective strategies to support patients' mental well-being. However, the effectiveness of these interventions requires synthesis through systematic evidence.

Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led mindfulness and stress reduction programs on anxiety and depression outcomes in adult patients.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Six peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2024, sourced from PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus, were included. Eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies that assessed nurse-led mindfulness or stress reduction programs targeting anxiety and/or depression in adult populations. Data were extracted and pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model.

Results:
The review included 582 participants across six studies (n = 288 intervention, n = 294 control). The pooled effect size for anxiety was significant, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of −0.64 (95% CI: −0.89 to −0.39; p < 0.001), indicating a moderate effect of the intervention. For depression, the pooled SMD was −0.57 (95% CI: −0.81 to −0.33; p < 0.001), also reflecting a moderate reduction in symptoms. Heterogeneity was moderate (I² = 48% for anxiety; I² = 52% for depression). No major adverse events were reported. Intervention durations ranged from 4 to 12 weeks, and commonly used techniques included guided meditation, breathing exercises, and mindful awareness practices.

Conclusion:
Nurse-led mindfulness and stress reduction interventions show moderate and statistically significant effectiveness in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms in adult patients. These findings support the integration of nurse-delivered mental health strategies into routine care, particularly in settings with limited access to specialized mental health professionals.

Phytochemical And Pharmacological Evaluation Of Martynia Annua Linn. And Tephrosia Purpurea Linn. For Anti-Inflammatory And Anti-Hemorrhoidal Effects In Rats

2025-06-21T07:49:54+00:00

The present study is aimed to study the anti-inflammatory and anti-hemorrhoidal effect of Martynia annua and Tephrosia purpurea extracts in rats. Aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea and leaves of Martynia annua were selected for extraction with petroleum ether and ethanol. Flavonoid-rich extracts were tested for anti-inflammatory and anti-hemorrhoidal activities (200 and 300 mg/kg bwt.). The anti-inflammatory effect was investigated on Carrageenan and histamine-induced paw edema models by measuring percent inhibition of paw edema at different time intervals. The anti-hemorrhoidal activity was studied by using croton oil-induced hemorrhoid on rats. Effect was assessed by measuring pro-inflammatory mediators in blood, Severity score and Recto Anal Co-efficient and antioxidants level in rectoanal tissues of rats. Results of the study indicate that flavonoid-rich extract of Tephrosia purpurea and Martynia annua significantly inhibited edema in a dose-dependent manner with the treatment of 200 and 300 mg/kg b.wt p.o. in both methods. Both extracts are significantly able to restore pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6 and PGE2) near normal level. Both, flavonoid-rich extracts treated group also maintained Severity score and rectoanal coefficient (0.268 ± 0.08 and 0.405 ± 0.11) near to the normal control group of animals. MDA level was found statistically significant (p < 0.001) decreased after five days of treatment. The tissue antioxidant level is very close to the normal level after treatment with both flavonoid-rich extracts. The present study concluded that the anti-inflammatory and anti-hemorrhoidal effect of flavonoid-rich extracts of Martynia annua and Tephrosia purpurea could be due to the presence of major flavonoid components, namely quercetin and luteolin in both plants.

Formulation and Characterization of Efavirenz Nano emulsion Using Grapeseed Oil: A Strategy to Enhance Solubility and Stability

2025-06-21T07:57:20+00:00

The purpose of this research was to create and assess a nanoemulsion of grapeseed oil and Efavirenz to improve the drug's solubility in the formulation and, therefore, its bioavailability.Multiple components were tested in sample formulations to choose the best one based on composition, factorial design, clarity, and simplicity of nanoemulsion generation. Transcutol P was chosen as a co-emulsifying agent, tween 80 as the preferable emulsifying agent, and grapeseed oil as the oil.Factorial design was used to find an optimized formulation using the Design Expert software. To make a clear nanoemulsion, the components were combined, efavirenz was added, and a small amount of water was added to the mixture. Particle-size, Zeta-potential, TEM, DSC, TGA, In-vitro drug release and viscosity tests were all examined for the formulation. The normal droplet size of the formulation were found within the 10nm.The zeta-potential of the preparation was originated to be -20.1mV, representing that the formulation is rather stable. Centrifuge method was used to assess the efficiency of the drug entrapment. The In-vitro release studies of liquid formulation showed an increase in drug release profile of 75.38±1.31% in contrast to the marketed formulation (SUSTIVA600) tablet which showed the maximum release of 44.09±0.45%. The kinetics models were applied to the percentage release profile of the NE and it shows that the optimized formulation follows

the zero order showing constant release pattern. The stability studies for the optimized formulation were performed for in total 90 days in and the shelf life for the formulation was found to be 591 days. Nanoemulsions are the great carrier for improving the bioavailability and solubility of the any lipophilic drug which ultimately helps in increasing the potency of any formulation. Nanoemulsions are great choice for vaccine development and can further used in many other applications like in cosmetics, food and nutrition etc.

Development and Assessment of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized from Wild carrot. Leaf Extract for Cancer Therapy

2025-06-21T08:33:32+00:00

All over the world, Cancer is the most fatal disease. Various forms of cancer can be treated with a variety of medication groups. The leaves extract of Wild carrot was used in this study to formulate Copper nanoparticles utilizing a Green synthetic method. NPS were successfully synthesized using the Copper Sulphate Solution as the precursor of copper and leaf extract Wild carrot of the 50 ml (5 mm) of CuSO₄ was stimulated to react using the plant extracts. The nanoparticles exhibited a cuboidal shape and had an average size of 36.7nm, 53.5nm and 75.6 nm. FTIR spectrum analysis shows absorption peak of copper nanoparticles bonding among 1509-3917cm^-1. In the SEM, the particle shape was found to be Cuboidal. The results showed that the copper nanoparticles demonstrated significant anticancer potential with a GI₅₀ value of >80ug/ml of plant and copper nanoparticles. As compare to standard drug with a GI₅₀ value of <10ug/ml a strong inhibitory effect on the cancer cells.

Development of Propyl Paraben-Loaded Microsponge for Enhanced Preservation in Skin Creams

2025-06-21T08:48:40+00:00

This study emphasizes developing a microsponge-based delivery system for propylparaben, a broadly used preservative in skin creams. The microsponge technology was employed to control the release of propylparaben, thereby reducing the risk of skin irritation and other adverse effects. The optimized microsponge formulation was incorporated into a cold cream and evaluated for its physical properties, in vitro release profile, and preservative efficacy. The results reveal that the microsponge-loaded propyl paraben provided sustained release and improved preservative activity, ultimately extending the shelf life of the cold cream. This innovative formulation offers a promising approach to enhancing the safety and effectiveness of skin creams. Particle size analysis showed that as the amount of polymer in the formulation increased, the particle size range of the batches also grew. Differential Scanning Calorimetry studies of the pure drug, ethyl cellulose, and propyl paraben-loaded microsponges revealed no interactions between the drug and the excipients. Similarly, Infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the absence of any interactions. Antimicrobial preservative testing conducted in a microbiology lab revealed the diameter of the zone of inhibition for the prepared microsponges, cold cream with the microsponges, and plain cream, demonstrating the antimicrobial potential of the microsponge-based formulation.

Depression Detection System: A Systematic Review

2025-06-21T08:58:04+00:00

Depression is mood disorders which result in severe disabling conditions affect person’s ability to cope with routine life challenges. It may occur when person remain more than two weeks in negative state of mind continuously. Depending on severity depression is classified as mild, moderate and severe. The World health organization (WHO) list depression as major cause of suffering and disability worldwide more than 350 million people are affected and predict to be leading cause in 2020[1],[2]. Psychosocial and clinical treatments are available but persons have tendency to conceal it. Depression has observable behavioral symptoms related to affective and psychomotor domains which can be identified by human or machine. Classical approaches concerned to person’s behavioral analysis and family observations during clinical interviews which are effective if it can be explicitly defined and precisely assessed while automatic system perform the said task effectively and open a new era for health care domain.

Mysterious Dequervain Tenosynovitis in A Knitting Housewife With Pain Neuroscience Education: A Case Report

2025-06-21T09:04:05+00:00

Introduction: Muscles near the base of the thumb, the abductors pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB), increase when de Quervain tenosynovitis occurs. This disease is extremely uncomfortable and aggravating. Due to extended ignorance and neglect, the patient often has pain and discomfort that interferes with and limits their ability to perform everyday tasks. In many situations, late finding results in an increase in inflammation.

Case Description: A 56-year-old women reported that her right wrist and thumb ached. On top of that, she says that she feels pain when performing her daily tasks. Prior to the onset of progressive soreness in her right thumb three months ago, she appeared to be doing well. Knitting has been her favourite way for more than a decade. The combination of conservative treatment approach consisted of strengthening with patient education and traditional pain neuroscience education. Outcome measures including NPRS and PRWE, Pain Catastrophization scale, Hamilton depression scale, Finklestine test. Patient symptoms resolved in 8 weeks and follow up reported no recurrence of wrist pain.

Conclusion: In the current case report, PNE was added to the conventional treatment for Dequervain tenosynovitis, and the patient's overall activity level and stress levels improved. PNE increases patient awareness and knowledge of the current situation and helps reduce discomfort and the tendency to categorize it.

Intracerebral haemorrhage in young, analysis of risk factors, location, causes and overall prognosis

2025-06-21T09:09:26+00:00

Background: The subset of stroke patients between 18 and 45 known as Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH), it has bleeding in the brain tissue. Unlike senior people with hypertension, young people have coagulopathies, vascular malformations, trauma, and substance addiction. Understanding risk variables and how they affect haemorrhage location, causes, and prognosis is essential to improving outcomes and care in this group.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined 110 young ICH patients identified at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS) in Patna between March 2023 and June 2024. Demographic data, risk factor profiles (hypertension, substance abuse, and coagulopathies), haemorrhage sites (lobar, deep, and infratentorial), underlying causes (vascular malformations, trauma, and substance abuse), and short-term results were collected and analysed. Risk variables, haemorrhage characteristics, and patient outcomes were examined using logistic regression and chi-square testing.

Results: The most common risk factors were substance abuse (27%), hypertension (36%), and coagulopathies (14%). Lobar regions (45%) and deep brain structures (30%) had the highest haemorrhages. Vascular anomalies (35%), trauma (25%), and other disorders caused most of these bleedings. Seventy percent of ICH patients had good discharge results (MRS0-2), while 15% died within six months. Early Glasgow Coma Scale score, haemorrhage volume, and intraventricular extension affected results.

Conclusion: Hypertension, substance abuse, and vascular anomalies alter haemorrhage location and prognosis, making young adults more susceptible to develop ICH. Trauma and vascular anomalies caused most lobar and deep brain damage. Children with ICH face unique challenges, but timely diagnosis, individualised treatment programmes, and interdisciplinary teamwork can improve short-term outcomes. More research is needed to understand the long-term impacts and establish at-risk group management strategies.

Assessment of Knowledge and Need for Further Education Related to Implant Dentistry in General Dental Practitioners of Palamu Area, Jharkhand

2025-06-21T09:22:53+00:00

Dental implant is a device that is installed into the jaw bone to retain prosthesis. There are no such surveys available regarding implant which is specifically conducted among general dental practitioners who are practicing in Palamu region of Jharkhand which is majorly a rural area. A cross sectional study was carried out among 71 general dental practionners of Palamu region of Jharkhand. A questionnaire set was framed with a total 23 questions. The results are made by gathering all the responses marked by the participating dentists and summarizing them in 3 same sections in which all the questions were framed. In the first section, the first 9 questions of the survey are based on basic knowledge of implant, in which on an average 55 out of 71 (77.47%) dentists had basic knowledge of implant. In the second section, 8 questions were based on clinical knowledge of implant, in which on an average 28 outof 71 (39.44%) had clinical knowledge of implant. In the third section, 6 questions are based on advances and implant education. On an average 33.80% of general dental practitioners have knowledge of basic surgical procedures like incision, type off lap, type of incision and about 81.70% of general dental practitioners don’t know about the advanced surgical procedures like sinus lift surgery, type of graft, GBR, GTR membrane. 80.28% of general dentists does not practice implant in their regular practice and about 84.51% finds implant placement to be difficult. The general dental practitioner should have adequate knowledge, skill and training which can be achieved by employing proper training and education to them.

Development and Characterization of Phytoconstituent Loaded Niosomal Formulation as Targeted Delivery System in Breast Cancer Treatment

2025-06-21T09:37:50+00:00

The present work aims to comprehensively examine and analyze Niosomal formulations, with a special focus on their potential use as a targeted delivery approach for the treatment of breast cancer. The objective of this study is to get in-depth understanding of the dynamic field of cancer therapeutics by conducting a thorough examination of formulation parameters and characterization techniques. The research aims to address the pressing need for novel treatment options in light of breast cancer's increasing prevalence and impact on women's health in India. This disease has now surpassed cervical cancer as a major cause of morbidity and death among women in the country. Niosomes, which are vesicles composed of lipids, have shown the capacity to augment the sustained release of drugs, so enabling a controlled and prolonged therapeutic effect. By using the mechanism of endocytosis, these formulations effectively promote the internalization of medicines into cellular structures, so permitting precise delivery to specific intracellular locations. The investigation of niosomal formulations as precise delivery methods in the context of breast cancer treatment signifies a notable development in the field of cancer therapies. Niosomes has distinctive characteristics that render them very promising vehicles for drug delivery, since they have the capacity to be customized for precise targeting of cancer cells while minimizing detrimental impacts on healthy organs. Therefore, the use of niosomal formulations as a precise delivery strategy in the treatment of breast cancer has potential in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer medications while mitigating undesired adverse reactions. Ongoing scholarly research activities are focused on further investigating and improving these formulations, with the objective of maximizing their efficacy in clinical environments.

Sentiment Analysis Of E-Commerce Product Reviews Using An Attnetion Based Deep Learning Model

2025-06-21T09:50:03+00:00

Mawkishness study of a big amount of operator appraisals on e-commerce podiums can efficiently advance user consummation. Numerous methods have been future to get understandings from these statistics. Here are still tests in dealing with the text of huge size; precise sen5timent analysis of E-commerce product appraisals is an ongoing and thrilling problematic. This paper suggests a sentimentality analysis of E-commerce creation reviews by by novel deep knowledge model. The proposed system mainly involves three phase such as data preprocessing, word embedding, and sentiment classification. To begin, the collected data from Amazon review 2018 dataset is preprocessed to improve the quality of data. After that, the word embedding is performed by using Period Occurrence Converse Text Incidence and Glove methods. Finally, the sentiment classification is done by hybrid Residual Network 50-Gated Recurrent Unit with Self attention (HRN50-GRUSA) that classifies the review as positive or negative. The experiential fallouts designate that the future cross profound education with courtesy construction outdoes the conservative approaches in footings of correctness, drumming, memory, and damage metrics.

Strategic Communication Design for enhanced MHHM Practices among School Girls in Tamil Nadu

2025-06-21T10:17:03+00:00

Menstrual health is more than just a hygiene issue—it’s a matter of dignity and empowerment. In Tamil Nadu, adolescent girls continue to face stigma, misinformation, and a lack of basic facilities when it comes to managing their periods. This study explores how strategic communication can help close these gaps. We conducted a mixed-methods study involving 750 schoolgirls across six districts in Tamil Nadu, and implemented a communication intervention among selected students. The results showed that culturally sensitive communication, especially when delivered through trusted channels like schools, significantly improved menstrual knowledge and practices. This paper advocates for enhanced menstrual education, improved infrastructure, and robust policies to support girls during a natural and critical phase of their lives.

Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Fiber-Reinforced and Stress-Decreasing Composites: A Comparative In-Vitro Analysis

2025-06-21T10:42:26+00:00

Background: Endodontically treated teeth often suffer from diminished fracture resistance due to structural alterations such as moisture loss, dentin dehydration, and access cavity preparation. Selecting suitable core build-up materials is crucial for restoring their strength and ensuring long-term functionality.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars restored with fiber-reinforced composite (GC EverX Flow) and stress-decreasing resin composite (Dentsply SDR), using both occlusal and mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavity preparations.

Methodology: Forty-nine freshly extracted maxillary premolars were divided into seven groups based on cavity design and restorative material. After standardized endodontic treatment, core build-up was done using either GC EverX Flow or SDR. Fracture resistance testing was performed using a universal testing machine, and data were analysed using ANOVA and post hoc comparisons.

Results: The highest mean fracture resistance was observed in the control group (721.14 N), followed by Dentsply SDR in MOD preparations (613.21 N), and GC EverX Flow in MOD (583.86 N). MOD groups with no restorative material showed the lowest resistance (337.29 N). Statistical analysis confirmed that both GC EverX and SDR composites significantly enhanced fracture resistance compared to unrestored controls, especially in MOD cavities.

Conclusion: Fiber-reinforced and stress-decreasing composites effectively reinforce endodontically treated teeth, especially in structurally compromised MOD designs. SDR exhibited slightly superior performance, suggesting its clinical advantage in restoring weakened teeth. These findings guide clinicians in selecting optimal restorative materials to enhance durability and reduce the risk of post-treatment fracture.

Socio-demographic Study of Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma in a Tertiary Hospital

2025-06-21T11:37:13+00:00

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy in developed countries and the sixth most common cancer among women worldwide. The main risk factor is excess endogenous or exogenous estrogen. Its incidence is also rising in low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh. Sociodemographic, reproductive, and metabolic factors influence their development and presentation. Limited region-specific data are available to guide interventions in Bangladesh. This study evaluates the sociodemographic, clinical, reproductive, and lifestyle characteristics of patients with endometrial carcinoma in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to December 2024. This study included 95 histologically confirmed cases of endometrial carcinoma. Data from the medical records included patient demographics, symptoms, FIGO stage, histological type and grade, reproductive history, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors. Descriptive statistics were used for analyses. Results: The mean age was 62.1 ± 10.4 years, with 91.58% aged 50 years or above. Most patients were urban residents (75.79%), homemakers (88.42%), and had primary education or no formal education (64.21%). Abnormal uterine bleeding was the primary symptom (86.32%). Most of the patients were diagnosed with FIGO Stage I (64.21%) and endometrioid adenocarcinoma (83.16%). Grade 1 tumors were the most prevalent (45.26%). Most patients were postmenopausal (80.00%) or parous (85.26%), with 37.89% reporting hormonal contraceptive use. Obesity (43.16%), hypertension (28.42%), and diabetes (22.11%) were the common comorbidities. Conclusion: Endometrial carcinoma in this cohort affected older, urban, and postmenopausal women with low education and metabolic comorbidities. These findings underscore the need for public health strategies focusing on early detection, education, and prevention.

NT-proBNP as a Predictor of Early Recovery in Elective Off-Pump CABG Patients

2025-06-21T11:46:26+00:00

Background: N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a biomarker of myocardial stress and has been investigated for its prognostic utility in cardiac surgery. However, limited data exist on its role in predicting early recovery outcomes following elective off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of preoperative NT-proBNP levels on postoperative recovery parameters in OPCAB patients. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Al Helal Specialized Hospital, Dhaka, from June 2024 to January 2025. A total of 100 adult patients undergoing elective OPCAB were enrolled. Patients with preserved left ventricular function (LVEF ≥ 40%) were included, while those with prior cardiac surgery, emergency indications, severe renal impairment, or recent myocardial infarction were excluded. NT-proBNP levels were measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 3. Postoperative outcomes, including extubation time, ICU stay, inotrope requirement, and complications, were recorded and analyzed based on NT-proBNP quartiles. Results: The mean preoperative NT-proBNP level was 684 ± 310 pg/mL, which peaked at 1250 ± 430 pg/mL on postoperative day 1. Patients with higher preoperative NT-proBNP (>800 pg/mL) had significantly prolonged ICU stays (3.6 ± 1.4 days) and higher inotrope use (68%) compared to those with lower levels (<400 pg/mL), who had shorter ICU stays (2.1 ± 0.7 days) and less inotrope requirement (12%). Conclusion: Elevated preoperative NT-proBNP levels are associated with delayed recovery and increased hemodynamic support following OPCAB. NT-proBNP may serve as a valuable tool for early postoperative risk stratification.

Visual Interpretation of Cultural Symbols of Shandong Folk Shoe Embroidery Pattern Paper Cutting

2025-06-21T12:07:41+00:00

This study investigates the cultural symbolism embedded in Shandong Folk Shoe Embroidery Pattern Paper Cutting, with a focus on how these visual forms convey shared cultural values and collective identity. The research seeks to identify key cultural symbols that represent the transmissibility of common cultural beliefs and to examine how semiotic methods can be used to interpret these symbols. Drawing upon Ferdinand de Saussure’s semiotic concepts of “reference” and “denotation,” this study adopts a qualitative research design to analyze selected examples of folk paper cutting. The findings reveal that recurring motifs—such as butterflies, lotuses, bats, and magpies—serve as visual narratives symbolizing values like fortune, prosperity, longevity, and happiness. These symbols not only fulfill decorative purposes but also embody emotional resonance and social meaning, reflecting the aesthetic ideals and spiritual aspirations of local communities. The study concludes that this form of paper cutting integrates realism and symbolism, functioning as a medium of cultural expression and emotional articulation. Ultimately, this research offers insight into how traditional Chinese folk art operates as a vehicle for cultural transmission and emphasizes its relevance in contemporary efforts toward the preservation and revitalization of intangible heritage.

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Neonates Ventilated with Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in A Tertiary Care Centre

2025-06-23T04:14:05+00:00

Introduction: Respiratory distress is one of the commonest conditions in preterm neonates requiring NICU admission especially among those less than 34 weeks of gestational age. Timely intervention of this with the usage of CPAP can significantly reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity.

Aim & Objectives: To study the clinical profile and outcome of non-invasive ventilation using BUBBLE CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE in neonates with respiratory distress in a tertiary care centre.

Methodology: A prospective study was conducted among the first 200 neonates admitted in NICU with respiratory distress between November 2023 to October 2024. Downes score was used to assess the respiratory distress at the time of admission.

Results: 81.5% of the babies showed improvement with CPAP and were weaned to oxygen hood and 18.5% babies required mechanical ventilation. Earlier application of CPAP showed good outcome. Neonates between 32 to 36 weeks were highly benefitted with usage of CPAP. There was a statistical significance with usage of antenatal steroids and the outcome of the neonates.

Conclusion: CPAP is the best mode of treatment in neonates with respiratory distress. Application of CPAP does not require trained personnel and can be set up by staff with minimal training. Downes score helped in subsequent assessment of distress. Also, complications were very minimal while using CPAP.

Evaluation of Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UC-MSCs) Exosome Implantation and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) on Critical Long Bone Defects in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2025-06-23T05:28:51+00:00

Critical bone defect is a loss of bone structure that exceeds the critical size of the bone's ability to regenerate. Autologous bone grafting is the standard therapy used in extensive bone defects. However, it is associated with various morbidities. Thus, the use of exosome obtained from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) and PRF is promising and can be a potential alternative to treat critical bone defects. This study was an experimental post-test only control group design that used 30 Sprague Dawley rats aged 8-12 weeks, weighing about 250-300 grams. The rats were then divided into 5 treatment groups, namely hydroxyapatite (HA) and bone graft (group I), HA, bone graft, and PRF (group II), HA, bone graft and exosome from UC-MSC (group III), HA, bone graft, PRF, and exosome from UC-MSC (group IV), and HA, PRF, and exosome from UC-MSC (group V). In each rat, a 5mm femoral bone defect was created and internally fixated using a 1.0-1.2 mm K-wire threaded. At the fourth week of follow-up, RT-PCR examination was performed to assess BMP-2 and chordin levels, as well as histomorphometry examination to measure the percentage of ossification area, fibrotic area, and void area. . One-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests were perfomred using SPSS version 26 for the analysis.In the RT-PCR examination, the highest BMP-2 gene expression was found in group I (1.0 - 1.5; median 1.2), followed by group II (0.2 - 1.2; median

0.5), group IV (0.3 - 0.7; median 0.4), group III and group V. Meanwhile, chordin gene expression was highest in group III (0 - 50), followed by the other groups with similar values. However, descriptive analysis showed no significant correlation between BMP-2 and chordin levels in critical bone defects, with p values of 0.096 and 0.690 each. Statistical analysis showed significant results for BMP-2 (p = 0.017) and no significant results for chordin (p = 0.269). Furthermore, the histomorphometry analysis for ossification, fibrotic, and void area showed no statistical significance (p > 0.05). The use of PRF and exosomes from SPM-TP separately showed different results, where PRF showed good results in osteogenesis and exosomes from SPM-TP showed higher results in fibritic tissue formation. However, the use of both exosomes and PRF together has not been studied for their effect on critical bone defects. In this study, the opposite results were found instead of the expected results. This may indicate that the combination of PRF and exosome from UC-MSC could possibly yield a negative effect on osteogenesis. The combination of PRF and exosome from UC-MSC did not yield positive effect on the outcomes examined in this study

Assessment of Post-operative Complications in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery

2025-06-23T05:34:27+00:00

Introduction-Thyroid surgeries, among the most common surgical procedures globally, present with varied complications.

Methodology-In this cross-sectional, retrospective, record-based study, a total of 107 patients who underwent thyroidectomies and satisfied the inclusion criteria, were recruited using convenience sampling technique. This study was conducted. Data were collected from medical records using a researcher-created data extraction form after ethical approval from the institutional ethics committee. The data were analysed using SPSS software with a p-value of <0.05 considered to be statistically significant.

Results-Of the 107 patients who underwent thyroidectomies, 92 (85.9%) reported one or more complications. Complications were most common (90.2% of patients) in the 25-34 years age group and among females (83.3%). The most common complications were dysphagia (30.84% of patients), voice change (21.50%), and respiratory obstruction (8.41%). Temporary hypocalcemia developed in 3.74% of these patients, while tracheal injury and hematoma were documented in 3.74% and 1.87%, respectively.

Conclusion-The most common post-thyroidectomy complications in this group of patients were dysphagia and voice change, while hypocalcemia, tracheal injury, and hematoma were rare complications.

Systematic Review of Respiratory Complications in Pregnant Patients: Evidence and Recommendations

2025-06-23T05:42:44+00:00

Respiratory complications during pregnancy can significantly affect maternal and fetal health. This systematic review aims to consolidate existing literature on the prevalence, risk factors, and management of respiratory complications in pregnant patients. We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, to identify relevant studies published from 2000 to June 2025. A total of 12 articles were included in the review, providing insights into various respiratory conditions, including asthma, pneumonia, and COVID-19.

Determination of Different Parameters and Their Corelation with Sleep Disorder Breathing and Assessing the Viability of a Measuring Scale in Children

2025-06-23T05:56:56+00:00

Aim: The aim of the article is to identify viable and functional extra oral and intra oral features which might be associated with increased risk of sleep disturbances in paediatric patients and to develop a functional air way screening tool for easy diagnosis of paediatric sleep disordered breathing

Methods: A cross-sectional stud was conducted among 750 children aged 5-10 years Clinical examination which includes functional, extraoral, intraoral soft tissue, and intraoral hard tissues similar to SDSC and fairest scale. The present study includes few additional factors Like presence of day symptoms and night symptoms which were also recorded

Results: Include that there is association with the above findings and sleep disorder breathing in children

Conclusion: The Pediatric Sleep Breathing Assessment Scale (PSBA) Is Reliable and Provides a valuable information about behaviour patterns, sleep patterns of children, quality of life of children, symptoms of children who are suffering from sleep disorder breathing.

Study of The Influence of Excipients on The Quality Of "Simverin" Tablets

2025-06-23T06:39:03+00:00

In these studies, the effect of excipients on the pharmacotechnological properties of the recommended tablets was examined, as well as their influence in different ratios during the development of the recommended tablets. The impact of excipients with various chemical structures was studied to obtain the combined tablets "Simverin."

In order to improve the technological process of manufacturing the recommended tablets, a comparative evaluation of the pharmacotechnological properties of the tablets was carried out using different excipients.

The most well-known excipients used in the composition of pharmaceutical dosage forms available on the pharmaceutical market were selected for this study

Optimization of a Two-Warehouse Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items under Inflation and Partial Backlogging Using Genetic Algorithm

2025-06-23T10:15:17+00:00

This paper presents a two-warehouse inventory model for deteriorating items under stock-dependent demand, time-dependent holding cost, shortages, and inflation. Each cycle begins with shortages and ends without them, reflecting real-world supply chain dynamics. The model considers limited capacity in an owned warehouse (OW) and higher costs in a rented warehouse (RW). A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to optimize key decision variables such as order quantity and cycle time, minimizing the total cost, including holding, deterioration, shortage, and transfer costs under inflation. Comparative analysis shows that the GA-based model outperforms the traditional model when inflation is present, while both perform equally in its absence. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.

Association between obesity and chronic periodontitis: A cross-sectional study

2025-06-23T11:36:58+00:00

Background: Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease influenced by bacterial pathogens and modulated by the host’s immune response. Obesity, a global public health concern, is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory state and has been implicated as a risk factor for several systemic diseases, including periodontitis. This study investigates the association between obesity and chronic periodontitis in an adult population.

Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted involving 459 patients aged 30–55 years. Participants were categorized into two groups based on Body Mass Index (BMI): Group A (BMI <24 kg/m²) and Group B (BMI ≥24 kg/m²). Periodontal health was assessed using Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), and Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v21.0, with significance set at p<0.05.

Results: No significant difference was observed in GBI between the two BMI groups (p=0.934), indicating that gingival bleeding was not influenced by BMI. However, Group B (overweight/obese) demonstrated significantly higher mean values for PPD (p=0.021), CAL (p=0.014), and CPITN (p=0.001) compared to Group A, suggesting worse periodontal health and greater treatment needs among individuals with higher BMI. Correlation analysis revealed a weak but statistically significant association between age and CAL in Group B (r=0.140, p=0.044), while other periodontal parameters showed no significant correlation with age.

Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant association between obesity and increased severity of chronic periodontitis, as evidenced by higher probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and treatment needs in obese individuals. These results underscore the importance of considering obesity as a modifiable risk factor in periodontal disease management and prevention strategies.

Advanced Time Series Analysis of EEG Signals for Major Depressive Disorder Detection through an Attention Augmented Residual Convolutional Neural Network

2025-06-24T07:00:00+00:00

The Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has been regarded as a serious and prevalent illness that affects functional frailty, but its precise symptoms are unknown. Manually detecting MDD is therefore a difficult and individualised task. Electroencephalography signals have demonstrated promise in supporting diagnosis; nevertheless, more development is needed to increase precision, clinical usefulness, and effectiveness. In this paper, Advanced Time Series Analysis of EEG Signals for Major Depressive Disorder Detection through an Attention Augmented Residual Convolutional Neural Network (TSA-EEGS-MDDD-AARCNN)is proposed. Initially, the signals are collected from EEG Psychiatric Disorders Dataset. Then, the input signals are fed into preprocessing stage. In pre-processing, Regularized Bias-Aware Ensemble Kalman Filter (RBAEKF) is used to remove the noise and artifacts in electroencephalography signal. After that, the pre-processed data are given into Attention Augmented Residual Convolutional Neural Network (AARCNN) for Major Depressive Disorder Detection as normal and Major Depressive Disorder. After that a channel-selection strategy, consisting of three steps, is applied to eliminate redundant channels utilizing Lotus Effect Optimization Approach (LEOA).Then effectiveness of the proposed approach is compared with other existing approaches. The proposed technique attains 16.28%, 30.78% and 25.29% higher accuracy and 19.45%, 20.22% and 22.28% higher precision comparing with existing techniques such as an automated detection of most depressive diseases with electroencephalography signals: a time series categorization utilizing DL (AD-MDD-EEGS-DL), Decision Support Scheme For Most Depression Detection Utilizing Spectrogram and CNN with electroencephalography signals (DSS-MDD-CNN-EEGS) and End-To-End DL Method for Electroencephalography -derived major depressive disorder categorization (ETE-DL-EEG-MDDC) respectively

Predicting Cognitive Decline In Heart Failure Patients Using Ml Based Multi Parameter Risk Scoring

2025-06-24T07:06:05+00:00

Patients with heart failure (HF) may experience cognitive decline, a commonly disregarded but clinically significant complication that lowers quality of life, increases hospitalization, and impairs self-care. This study suggests a multi-parameter risk scoring framework based on machine learning (ML) to anticipate cognitive decline in HF patients early on. The study employed a dataset that included clinical, biochemical, imaging, and neuropsychological parameters. These variables included baseline cognitive scores (e.g., MMSE, MoCA), brain MRI findings, NT-proBNP levels, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). After training and evaluating a number of supervised learning models, including Random Forest, XGBoost, and Support Vector Machines, XGBoost performed the best (AUC = 0.91, sensitivity = 87.3%, specificity = 85.6%). Hippocampal volume, LVEF, and NT-proBNP were identified as important predictors by feature importance analysis. Strong predictive ability was demonstrated when the resulting risk score was validated against longitudinal cognitive decline over a 12-month period. The results demonstrate the clinical value of incorporating machine learning (ML) tools into cardiovascular care for prompt intervention and proactive cognitive monitoring.

Phytochemical And Pharmacological Evaluation Of Aqueous Polyherbal Extract Against Pheretima Posthuma

2025-07-09T05:12:40+00:00

The present study was to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antihelmintic activity of aqueous polyherbal extract (APHE) against Pheretima posthuma. The raw materials of Asparagus racemosus, Foeniculum vulgare, Cymbopogon citratus, Curcuma longa, Moringa oleifera were identified and purchased from local market of Nuzvid. APHE was prepared from the dried materials of five different plants using the solvent water. Initially, APHE was screened for phytochemical constituents by standard methods. Further, antihelmintic study was conducted against Pheretima posthuma, collected from local Vermicomposting Farm, Nuzvid. In the phytochemical screening, APHE showed presence of glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols and tannins. In the antihelmintic study, mortality was produced in earth worm populations by APHE. The use of APHE as an antihelmintic was confirmed by using standard method against Pheretima posthuma. The results indicated that the test drug has significant antihelmintic properties. The data were found statistically significant by using one way ANOVA (P< 0.0001). Hence, it can be concluded that the APHE can be used as a novel drug for the treatment of worm infestations.

Improved Empirical Wavelet Transform Based Signal Preprocessing And Attention-Based Residual Optimized Bilstm (AROBILSTM) Classifier For Epileptic Seizure Detection

2025-06-24T07:11:38+00:00

The primary diagnostic procedure for epilepsy is the electroencephalogram (EEG). A human expert often detects epileptic activity. Finding particular patterns in the multi-channel (MC) EEG is the foundation of this detection. When using EEG signals to detect epileptic seizures (ESD), pre-processing is essential. Pre-processing eliminates noise and artifacts to guarantee proper analysis and classification. Their ability for feature extraction (FE) from noisy inputs was thus limited. Numerous attempts are made for automating this time-consuming and challenging task using both traditional and Deep Learning (DL) methods. For signal pre-processing, an Improved Empirical (WT) Wavelet Transform (IEWT) is applied to EEG recordings, and it was suggested in this study. The boundaries are separated from the spectrum in order to execute IEWT. To reconstruct the spectrum's (TC) trend component, IEWT selects several points in the spectrum's Fourier transform (FT). Then, the Improved ResNet-50 model computes the features of EEG signals in a number of specific frequency bands (FB). By incorporating the residual structure and layer normalisation (LN) into a BILSTM, the Attention-based Residual Optimised (BI-LSTM) Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (AROBILSTM) network classifier is presented. The accuracy (ACC) and stability of epilepsy detection are eventually improved by this integration. In order to optimise the final feature information, this integration also provides an attention mechanism (AM) and enhances the network's FE capabilities. The outputs of the epilepsy network are further processed utilising seizure merging, threshold (T) comparison, and moving average filtering (MAF) to ascertain whether or not the tested EEG that are related to a seizure. On the scalp EEG database from Children's Hospital Boston-Mass Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT), the suggested approach performed better than alternative methods in terms of precision (P), recall/sensitivity (R/S), F-measure, and accuracy (ACC).

A Study on Effect of Nasal Obstruction on Pulmonary Function Tests in Patients with Allergic Nasal Polyposis Attending Medical College Headquarter’s Hospital

2025-07-09T05:20:49+00:00

Both the upper and lower airways form a contiguous and functionally related organ. Nose performs important functions such as respiration, filtration, humidification and olfaction.^[1]Nasal polyposis, is one of the common cause for nasal obstruction. Due to obstruction particles enters the lower airway through oral breathing and causes bronchoconstriction and lower airway irritation.^[2] Hence, there seems a relation between upper and lower airways.^[3]

Aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of nasal obstruction on pulmonary function in patients with allergic nasal polyposis by comparing pulmonary function test (PFT) results before and after surgical intervention.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on patients aged 20 to 45 years who attended the Department of ENT at Medical College Hospital. A total of 86 patients diagnosed with nasal polyposis were included. All participant underwent surgical intervention and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed at three intervals: preoperatively, and 1 and 3 month postoperatively and results were analyzed and compared.

Results: The majority of patients affected by allergic nasal polyposis belonged to the age group around 30 years. The mean age of the study population was 31.09 years. All patients (100%) underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Postoperative evaluation revealed clinically and statistically significant improvements in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) irrespective of age, gender, or the duration of nasal obstruction.

Conclusion: Patients with bilateral nasal obstruction with decreased pulmonary function had significant improvement in pulmonary function after nasal surgery.

Oral Health Status, Severity of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Needs in Children with SHCN In Delhi-NCR - A Survey Based Study

2025-06-24T07:16:26+00:00

Background: Etiology of malocclusion is multifactorial and mainly determined by genetic factors and environmental factors. Improvement of oral health in a population begins with the collection of epidemiological data, which helps to understand the needs of our community to identify the high‑risk groups, then to carry out extensive planned treatment, prevention strategies and monitor the development of the situation over a period of years.

Materials and methodology: The survey was conducted by examining 150 children with special healthcare needs in Delhi-NCR after obtaining consent form from their guardians/caregivers. WHO Oral Health Assessment Form (2013) for children was used for recording oral health status of the subjects. Information was collected through this form that included general information pertaining to study subjects like Name, Date of Birth, Age, and Gender. Examination was done using mouth mirror and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs probe. The firmly established Index of Orthodontic Treatment need (IOTN) was utilized for the present study. IOTN has two parts; the Aesthetic (AC) and Dental Health (DHC) components. The Aesthetic Component consists of a scale of 10 color photographs showing different levels of dental attractiveness, grade 1 representing the most attractive and grade 10 the least attractive dentitions. And the Risk Of Malocclusion Assessment Index (ROMA INDEX) is an index to assess treatment priority in young patients was also used for treatment priority.

Results: The distribution of the dental caries susceptibility among the study subjects was 17.1% involving primary dentition and 15.9% involving permanent teeth in the hearing disabled group, 39.5% involving primary dentition and 47.7% involving permanent teeth for the intellectually disabled, 22.5% involving primary dentition and 22.7% involving permanent teeth for the physically challenged study subjects and 20.9% involving primary dentition and 13.6% involving permanent teeth in visually impaired groups. According to the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, a larger proportion of participants were observed to have great need for orthodontic treatment need (47%) giving a score of IOTN 4. Also, it arose that patients at extreme risk require immediate intervention which is about 53.7% gives a score of ROMA GRADE 5. This result was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence of oral diseases, malocclusion, and orthodontic treatment needs in this population. Furthermore, the study suggests that early orthodontic treatment can help prevent traumatic dental injuries and improve overall oral health outcomes and increase the quality of life in this population. Therefore, it is crucial to develop programs and policies that promote oral health and orthodontic treatment for these children.

The New Age Of Antihypertensives: Comparative Evaluation Of Benidipine And Azelnidipine In Blood Pressure Control

2025-06-24T07:22:40+00:00

Objectives: To assess their impact on blood pressure control, cardiovascular risk factors, and adverse effect profiles in hypertension patients; also, to compare the efficacy and safety of Benidipine and Azelnidipine in the management of hypertension.

Methods: This observational, comparative study was carried out among Indian tertiary care hospital outpatient department attendees with hypertension. Assigned to either Benidipine or Azelnidipine as monotherapy or add-on treatment, eligible adult participants were Collected were baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data including blood pressure, serum uric acid, and lipid profile. To track blood pressure, evaluate effectiveness, and document side effects, patients were checked at set intervals. Blood pressure reduction, laboratory parameter improvement, and side effect incidence all determined effectiveness.

Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was notably lowered by both benidipine and azelnidipine. Because of its triple calcium channel blocking action, benidipine exhibited extra renoprotective effects and a more sustained antihypertensive action. With extra advantages for insulin resistance and anti-atherosclerotic properties, azelnidipine was also efficient and well tolerated. In both groups, adverse effects were minor and rare; no major incident was recorded.

Benidipine and azelnidipine are safe and effective antihypertensive medications. While Azelnidipine provides good blood pressure reduction with favorable metabolic effects, Benidipine may offer extra renal protection and sustained blood pressure control. Patient comorbidities and tolerance help one to customize their choice of drugs.

Comparative Evaluation of Microsurgical and Open Flap Debridement: A Clinical Study

2025-07-09T05:25:34+00:00

Background/Aims: Open flap debridement (OFD) is a well-established surgical procedure in periodontal therapy. The incorporation of microsurgical techniques has been proposed to enhance clinical outcomes and patient comfort. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of conventional open flap debridement with microsurgical-assisted open flap debridement.

Materials and Methods: A total of 30 systemically healthy subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups: Group A (control) underwent conventional OFD, while Group B (test) received OFD with microsurgical techniques. Clinical parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), gingival bleeding index (GBI), wound healing index (WHI), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain assessment were recorded at baseline and at 3 months postoperatively.

Results: Both groups showed clinical improvement from baseline to 3 months. Statistically significant differences were observed in PPD and CAL between the two groups, with the test group showing superior outcomes (p = 0.048). The WHI improved significantly in both groups; however, the test group demonstrated better initial healing with a mean WHI of 2.00 ± 0.00 at baseline and 1.00 ± 0.00 at 3 months, compared to the control group which showed 2.93 ± 0.258 at baseline and 1.00 ± 0.00 at 3 months (p = 0.00). Subjective pain perception measured through VAS was lower in the test group, indicating enhanced patient comfort.

Conclusion: Microsurgical-assisted OFD demonstrated improved clinical outcomes and better patient-reported healing compared to conventional OFD. These findings support the clinical advantages of incorporating microsurgical techniques in periodontal therapy.

Effect of Photodynamic Therapy Using Lasers on Periodontal Parameters in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

2025-06-23T11:18:58+00:00

Background: Chronic periodontitis is a widespread inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of supporting periodontal tissues, primarily driven by pathogenic microbial biofilms. While conventional scaling and root planing (SRP) is the cornerstone of treatment, its limitations in eradicating bacteria from complex anatomical sites necessitate adjunctive therapies. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) offers a promising non-invasive approach, utilizing a photosensitizer activated by a specific light wavelength to generate reactive oxygen species, thereby targeting periodontopathogenicbacteria.This study aims to assess and compare the changes in probing pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), following SRP alone versus SRP combined with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using an 810 nm diode laser and Indocyanine Green (ICG) in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:A total of 42 systemically healthy patients diagnosed with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis (probing pocket depth ≥5mm) were recruited from the Outpatient Department of Periodontology, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups (n=21 each): Group A (Control Group) which received SRP alone, and Group B (Test Group) which received SRP followed by aPDT. For Group B, a 5mg/ml ICG solution was prepared and applied into the periodontal pockets, followed by irradiation with an 810 nm diode laser. Clinical parameters including Gingival Index, Plaque Index, Sulcus Bleeding Index, Probing Depth, and Periodontal Clinical Attachment Loss were assessed at baseline and 3 months post-treatment. All collected data was statistically evaluated.

Results:The adjunctive use of laser-assisted aPDTlead to a statistically significant reduction in probing pocket depth and an improvement in clinical attachment level compared to SRP alone. This is based on previous research indicating that aPDT enhances the antimicrobial effects of SRP and contributes to the resolution of inflammation.

Conclusion: This study provides evidence on the efficacy of laser-assisted photodynamic therapy as a valuable adjunct to conventional non-surgical periodontal treatment for chronic periodontitis, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes and patient comfort.

A Review on the Health and Nutritional Status of Professional Women Aged 30–45 Years in India

2025-06-24T07:47:45+00:00

The transformation of India's socio-economic structure has resulted in a significant rise in women's involvement in professional fields including education, healthcare, information technology, banking, and administration. Women aged 30 to 45 frequently encounter a dual load of professional advancement and household obligations, significantly impacting their health and nutritional well-being. This review seeks to consolidate national-level statistics, peer-reviewed literature, and public health surveys to assess the health difficulties encountered by professional women in this pivotal age group throughout India. Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4 and NFHS-5) indicate that around 48% of women in India are anaemic, while the incidence of overweight and obesity has concurrently risen to over 23% in this demographic. The trends are exacerbated by increasing occurrences of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular illnesses, which are frequently associated with sedentary lifestyles, inadequate dietary diversity, occupational stress, and insufficient physical activity. Research indicates that professional women frequently forgo meals, opt for processed and convenience foods, and generally prioritize domestic and professional obligations over their own nutritional requirements. The review emphasizes that professional stress, extended working hours, insufficient health awareness, and socio-cultural norms—such as the tradition of eating last or prioritizing family meals—negatively affect women's health disproportionately. Nutritional evaluations reveal considerable shortages in protein, iron, calcium, and vital vitamins among employed women, irrespective of income or educational attainment. Moreover, variations related to area, occupation, and socio-economic status expose a complex framework of health inequity. The findings highlight the pressing necessity for focused interventions such as nutritional education, workplace wellness initiatives, regular health assessments, and regulatory reforms that consider gender and occupation. Enhancing the health and nutritional welfare of professional women is vital for their personal advancement and imperative for the ongoing socio-economic progress of the nation.

Enhancement Of Mechanical And Microstructural Properties Of Concrete Using Microcrystalline Cellulose And Fly Ash

2025-06-24T09:54:05+00:00

This study looks into the impact of using Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) and Class F fly ash (FA) as partial cement substitutes on the fresh, mechanical, and microstructural properties of concrete. Using the ACI mix design approach, several mix proportions were created, and their performance was assessed using slump tests, compressive strength tests, stress-strain behavior, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results showed that the addition of FA increased workability due to its spherical particle morphology, whilst MCC significantly lowered slump values due to its fibrous character. Compressive strength results showed that the optimum mix (M2-cement +0.6% of MCC and 15% of FA) containing both MCC and fly ash achieved higher strength than the conventional mix (M0- concrete with admixtures), suggesting enhanced cementitious reactions and better matrix densification. The stress-strain analysis confirmed increased ductility and energy absorption in the M2 mix. SEM images further revealed a denser, less porous microstructure in the modified mix, with fewer cracks and more compact hydration products. Overall, the study demonstrates that the combined use of MCC and fly ash not only improves concrete performance but also supports sustainable construction practices by reducing cement consumption and utilizing industrial by-products effectively.

Navigating the Future of Energy Law: Legal Frameworks, Policy Challenges, and Sustainable Transitions

2025-06-24T09:58:40+00:00

The relationship between the importance of building a society with dignity of life and national economic development which will result in people living in a clean and green environment without pollution, having prosperity without poverty, peace without fear of war and a happy place to live for all citizens of nation.”

— Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam

The paper discusses the interface of the present Environment law with the ever-growing energy law in India. Environment law today predominantly consists of the Air Act², Water Act³, Environmental Protection Act⁴(umbrella legislation) and the Forest Act⁵.The Energy law regime in India is deeply characterized by the Electricity Act⁶. The Electricity Act, 2003 opens the door to immense possibilities in unleashing competition and trading, but at the same time opens a new area of policy risk, which it is supposed to mitigate. The act has an enabling framework to introduce competition in generation, and privatization in distribution, but work in terms of addressing transition issues remain undone.⁷ Both streams of law lay emphasis upon having a future that can sustain at the present conditions, if not better and certainly not worse.Environment law puts it forward in terms of preexisting norms and energy law speaks of the same in terms of what has been produced and transmitted and what is to further entail. What we are talking about is the nature and application of energy production and effects it has on the environment,with reference to renewable energy and sustainable development. Then extpoint of discussion that emerges is of overlap of the two laws, i.e. environmental concerns raised by energy production. Lastly, this paper seeks to justify and provide plausible solutions to the dearth of legislation in this field and a humble advice for the procurement and establishing of a statutory frame work in keeping with this goal.

Somatometric Indicators And Somatotypological Characteristics Of School Teachers Living In Rural Areas

2025-06-24T10:08:33+00:00

This study investigates the somatometric indicators and somatotypological characteristics of school teachers residing in rural areas. The research aims to identify the physical characteristics, body composition, and somatotype profiles of rural teachers and explore the relationship between these factors and the lifestyle common in rural settings. Using a sample of 150 teachers, various somatometric measurements, including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio, were taken. Additionally, the somatotype classification was determined using Sheldon’s somatotype method. The findings reveal a predominance of endomorphic and mesomorphic body types among teachers, with specific tendencies linked to the physical demands of rural living, such as increased physical labor and limited access to healthcare. The results highlight the importance of understanding the physical profiles of rural schoolteachers to better inform health policies and workplace interventions designed to promote overall well-being in rural educational environments.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Virtual Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Patient Centered Adult Cardiovascular Care and Geriatric Considerations among Nursing Students and Health Care Professionals from Selected Institutes o

2025-06-24T10:15:30+00:00

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a virtual video-assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding patient-centered adult cardiovascular care and geriatric considerations among nursing students and healthcare professionals. A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. A structured questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention. The results revealed a significant improvement in posttest knowledge scores compared to pretest scores. The virtual teaching method proved effective in enhancing understanding of patient-centered care and age-specific cardiovascular considerations. This study highlights the importance of integrating multimedia-based education into nursing and healthcare training.

Nano-Innovations for a Greener Future- Merging Chemistry and Sustainability

2025-06-24T10:39:46+00:00

Precision agriculture offers an effective way to lower farming costs while boosting crop yields, addressing many challenges faced in conventional farming. Innovative techniques are now available to improve these practices, with nanotechnology playing a key role. By enabling control at the nanoscale, nanotechnology allows for highly accurate interventions. For example, certain nanoparticles can be designed to reduce damage to non-target plant tissues, aiding in early disease detection and treatment. It also enhances the ability of plants to absorb nutrients. When properly applied, machine-driven biological nanotechnology has the potential to transform agricultural systems. By targeting specific nanoparticles that can minimize damage to no target plant, nanotechnology can be used for disease detection and treatment, as well as increasing plant nutrient enhancement ability. Active ingredients with a nano size can have a higher efficiency and penetration. Nanotechnology can significantly enhance precision farming by enabling more accurate, efficient, and sustainable agricultural practices. Nanotechnology can be used in precision farming in various ways, nanoparticles can carry fertilizers, pesticides, or herbicides directly to specific plant parts or affected areas. This reduces waste, minimizes environmental impact and also the nano sensors can detect soil conditions, plant health, moisture levels, and disease presence in real time. This data helps farmers make precise decisions about irrigation, fertilization, and pest control. Not only this but Seeds coated with nanomaterials can have improved germination rates, controlled nutrient release, and better resistance to environmental stress. This book chapter aims to determine the use of nano chemistry in sustainability of agriculture and precision farming.

Entangled Ecologies and Hybrid Selves: A Comparative Study of Ondaatje and Hiromi Goto through the Lens of New Materialism

2025-06-24T10:45:23+00:00

This abstract dives into the key disagreement that arises from the works of Michael Ondaatje and Hiromi Goto, both of which offer fascinating literary explorations of "entangled ecologies" and "hybrid selves," all through the lens of new materialism. Even though they come from different contexts, both authors push back against anthropocentric views by showing how humans are intricately woven into lively, agentic material worlds. New materialism, which highlights the active role of matter and the fluidity of boundaries, sets the stage for a comparative look at how they engage with nonhuman vitality, multispecies connections, and the intertwined nature of self and environment

Vandana Shiva and Gayatri Chakravorty explore the theories of Ecofeminist Resistance in Subaltern Earth: Silenced Voices in Postcolonial Women's Literature

2025-06-24T10:49:53+00:00

This paper analyses the connection between ecofeminism and postcolonial theory by examining subaltern environmental resistance in postmodern women's literature. Exploring literary representations of ecological violence and gendered marginalization, it challenges the ties between land, voice, and agency as explored by Vandana Shiva and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Shiva's ecofeminism at the grassroots highlights indigenous knowledge and women' s interdependence with nature, while Spivak'er denounces the oppressive conditions placed on the subaltern. Through the analysis of literary works by postcolonial women writers, such as Linda Hogan's Solar Storms, Bessie Head' Whenever You See It, and Arundhati Roy'S The God Of Small Things, this paper examines how ecofeminist resistance can be used to recover land, identity, and forgotten histories. Through the intersection of two theoretical trajectories, this article presents the idea of the "Subaltern Earth" as a space for both resistance and recall, where women's ecological and cultural voices challenge colonial-capitalist remnants.

Incidence And Prevalence Of Birth Injuries In Instrumental Vaginal Deliveries

2025-06-24T11:18:44+00:00

Background: Instrumental vaginal deliveries, utilizing forceps or vacuum devices, remains a critical intervention for expediting delivery in select maternal or fetal conditions. However, these interventions carry risks of neonatal and maternal complications, most notably birth injuries.

Objective: To determine the incidence and prevalence of birth injuries in instrumental vaginal deliveries and to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes between forceps and vacuum-assisted deliveries.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 268 cases of term singleton pregnancies delivered via forceps or vacuum at our center. Data were collected on maternal demographics, comorbidities, delivery method, and outcomes. Neonatal variables included type of birth injury, need for resuscitation, NICU admission, and discharge status. Maternal outcomes such as perineal trauma, postpartum hemorrhage, and fever were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25, with Chi-square tests used to assess associations between variables.

Results: Of the 268 instrumental vaginal deliveries, vacuum extraction was more commonly employed (57.5%) than forceps (42.5%). The overall incidence of birth injuries was 19.8%, with cephalohematoma, brachial plexus injury, clavicle fracture, facial nerve palsy, intracranial hemorrhage, and skull fracture observed at low individual frequencies. Most neonates (80.2%) had no birth injury. The type of instrument used did not significantly affect the incidence or pattern of birth injuries (p = 0.730). However, the type of injury was significantly associated with neonatal outcomes at discharge (p = 0.008), with more severe injuries linked to higher rates of mortality and ongoing treatment. NICU admission was required for 54.1% of infants, with higher rates seen in those with clavicle fractures, intracranial hemorrhage, or no injury. Maternal complications-including fever (20.9%), perineal tears (20.5%), and postpartum hemorrhage (20.9%)-were evenly distributed between forceps and vacuum groups. The maternal population had a mean age of 29.86 years, with high rates of hypertension (52.2%) and diabetes (48.1%).

Conclusion: The incidence of birth injuries in instrumental vaginal deliveries at our center was 19.8%. The choice between forceps and vacuum did not significantly influence the risk or severity of neonatal injuries, resuscitation needs, NICU admissions, or maternal complications

CBCT-Assisted Endodontic Management of a Mandibular Anterior Tooth with Two Canals: A Unique Case Report

2025-06-24T11:47:41+00:00

N\A

Predictive Analysis Of Automobile Company Stocks In The Stock Market

2025-06-24T12:07:51+00:00

The Indian automobile industry has experienced substantial growth, driven by rising domestic demand, urbanization, and technological advancements, positioning India as a significant global manufacturing hub. The industry has also embraced the shift towards electric vehicles (EVs), particularly in the two-wheeler and three-wheeler segments, spurred by government initiatives like the Faster Adoption of Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles in India (FAME) and the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes. This study explores the risk-return dynamics of selected publicly listed Indian automobile companies, analyzing their equity performance between 2018 and 2025. By evaluating market, financial, operational, and regulatory risks, the research aims to offer insights into the investment potential of these companies. The study investigates how systematic and unsystematic risks influence investment decisions, with a focus on prominent companies such as Maruti Suzuki, Mahindra & Mahindra, Tata Motors, Hindustan Motors, and Ashok Leyland. Using statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, variance, and beta, the analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the volatility, return potential, and overall risk profile of the companies. Results suggest a direct correlation between higher risk and higher returns, with Ashok Leyland emerging as a top performer, while Maruti Suzuki demonstrated more stable returns. The study also provides recommendations for investors, emphasizing the importance of diversification and long-term analysis. Despite its limitations, the research contributes valuable insights for investors looking to navigate the evolving Indian automobile sector.

Plant-Derived Antimicrobial Agents: A Promising Solution to Combat Multidrug Resistance

2025-06-25T04:36:16+00:00

Multidrug resistance (MDR) has emerged as a major global health threat, compromising the effectiveness of conventional treatment therapies and leading to increased morbidity, and mortality. The indiscriminate utilization of antibiotics in human healthcare, agriculture, and veterinary practices has enhanced the development and transmission of antibiotic resistant strains. In response to this alarming condition, there has been a renewed interest in alternative antimicrobial agents, particularly from compounds derived from plants. Medicinal plants are utilized in traditional medicine for many years and offer a promising source of bioactive molecules capable of combating resistant pathogens. Phytochemicals, such as terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols have demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, acting through mechanisms such as membrane disruption, efflux pump inhibition, and enzyme inhibition. This review explores the growing challenge of MDR infections, detailing the mechanisms through which microbes evade antimicrobial agents and role of plant based compounds in fighting drug resistance. Moreover, it discusses the challenges associated with combating multi drug infections and development of novel antimicrobial agents from plants. Despite these challenges, plant-derived antimicrobials offer a promising pathway for developing innovative strategies to combat multidrug resistant (MDR) infections and tackle the escalating threat of antibiotic resistance.

Validation and Performance Analysis of a Technique for Suggesting Corrective Indices and Measures in Exercise Execution

2025-06-25T06:09:43+00:00

Recent advancements in posture estimation, action recognition, and motion prediction enable detailed analysis of motions, hence facilitating the identification of possible errors during exercise. This research examines the validity and performance evaluation of a method designed to recommend corrective indices or measurements for lower-body workouts, namely squats. This project involves the compilation of a dataset of films, as well as 2D and 3D representations of both right and wrong executions of various activities, namely squats, lunges, planks, and pickups. The study employs datasets from many squat types, including bodyweight squats, goblet squats, and pistol squats, among others. The suggested method examines motion patterns and detects deviations from the optimal performance of each squat variant using sophisticated motion detection algorithms and machine learning. The technique's efficacy is assessed by juxtaposing its remedial recommendations with expert human evaluations, yielding insights into its correctness, efficiency, and applicability. This research investigates the efficacy of corrective indicators to improve exercise performance, avert injuries, and facilitate successful training. The results highlighted the technique's effectiveness, with 97% of squats and 100% of planks being correctly classified post-correction, showcasing its capability to enhance performance and prevent injuries. The classification accuracy for squats and lunges was not perfect, with 60% accuracy for squats and 83% for lunges, indicating areas for further improvement.

Chitosan-Modified SLNs for Enhanced Colonic Delivery of Mesalamine: Formulation and Statistical Optimization

2025-06-25T06:14:52+00:00

The goal of the current study was to create and assess solid lipid nanoparticles coated with polysaccharides for the targeted delivery of Mesalamine, a medication used to treat Ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Three independent formulation variables—glyceryl monostearate content (X₁), Chitosan concentration (X₂), and Poloxamer concentration (X₃)—were optimized, and their effects on entrapment efficiency, particle size and drug release in colonic medium were assessed using a factorial design. Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasonication and hot homogenization. The optimized solid lipid nanoparticles F7 had a particle size of 100.1 nm, an entrapment efficiency of 78.01 %, and a sustained drug release of less than 20% at acidic pH and 90.9% in colonic medium after 24 h. The findings demonstrated that the formulation F7 showed controlled drug release in the colon and has the potential to enhance the results of Ulcerative colitis treatment. This research highlights that SLNs with a polysaccharide coating may be useful for delivering medications to the colon. In addition to targeted drug delivery, this work lays the groundwork for future investigations into novel interaction strategies in the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals.

Formulation And In Vitro Characterization Of Sotagliflozin Nanosuspension

2025-06-25T06:19:41+00:00

Introduction: Sotagliflozin is a dual sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 as well as 2 (SGLT1 and SGLT2) inhibitor. Sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) plays an important role in the regulation of blood glucose. It is indicated to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. The absolute bioavailability of oral sotagliflozin was approximately 25%. It is classified as BCS class II drug and has limited bioavailability due to poor aqueous solubility.

Aim & Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and characterize Sotagliflozin nanosuspension and to compare with a coarse suspension for the enhancement of solubility and bioavailability.

Materials & methods: Sotagliflozin nanosuspension was developed by high pressure homogenization. DSC study was conducted to know the drug-excipient compatibility. All other physical characterization studies were conducted. Box Behnken design was employed for the optimization of the formulation.

Results & Discussion: The optimized nanoformulation (F6) showing the size, PDI, ZP and assay of 112 ± 1.10 nm, 0.211 ± 0.03, -29.64 ± 1.1 mV, 92.21 ± 0.13% respectively. The optimized formulation was stable for 3 months period at room temperature and refrigerated conditions.

Conclusion: Sotagliflozin nanosuspension was developed by using high pressure homogenization method. The optimized sotagliflozin nanosuspension (Run 6) showed smaller particle size, uniform particle size distribution and good zeta potential value

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Academic Procrastination and its Management Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Techniques Among Higher Secondary School Teachers in a Selected School

2025-06-25T06:37:56+00:00

Academic procrastination is a frequent issue among students, often under-recognized or ineffectively addressed by teachers. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a structured teaching program (STP) in enhancing teachers’ knowledge of academic procrastination and its management using cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) techniques. A quantitative evaluative design with pre-test and post-test was conducted among 50 higher secondary school teachers. The findings reveal significant improvement in knowledge post-intervention, affirming the utility of CBT-based STP in teacher education

Effect of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation on the Academic Achievement of College Going Students in Psychology of Instruction: An Experimental Study

2025-06-25T06:41:50+00:00

It was an experimental study which the investigations carried out with an aim to find out the effectiveness of CCE on the academic achievement of college-going students in ‘Psychology of Instruction’ as the Course of UG 3^rd Semester students. A sample of 26 UG 3^rd Semester was drawn by making use of simple random sampling technique and divided the sample into two-groups, i.e., experimental group and control group. Experimental group was provided an intervention (CCE through formative testing) and the control was run as usual in conventional way of teaching and learning process. At the end of the experiment, it was found that the CCE as the scheme of evaluation has given better outcome on the summative criterion test as compared to the academic achievement of the students of control group.

Fat1 Mutation and Its Significance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Oscc)-A Review

2025-06-25T06:46:10+00:00

The FAT gene family plays a notable role in various biological processes in vertebrates. They function as a tumor suppressor, maintaining planar cell polarity essential for the proper orientation of cells within a tissue. As with many solid tumors, OSCC also has an array of genetic alterations. FAT1 has garnered significant attention among the FAT genes (FAT1, FAT2, FAT3, and FAT4) due to its prominent role in cancer progression and its high mutation rate in various cancers, particularly among the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The down-regulation of FAT1 has a direct influence on the clinical outcome of patients with OSCC. The FAT1 mutation has shown its role in tumorigenesis and in metastasis in OSCC thus, making it an essential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of OSCC.

Prognostic Value of Hyperuricemia on Clinical Outcomes of Sepsis:

2025-06-25T06:53:28+00:00

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Recent studies suggest that metabolic disturbances, including hyperuricemia, may influence the clinical course of sepsis. Uric acid, an end product of purine metabolism, has pro-inflammatory properties that may exacerbate organ dysfunction in septic patients and hence used as a marker of poor prognosis in sepsis. Hyperuricemia and its potential association with poor clinical outcomes, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), need for vasopressor support, mechanical ventilation, and mortality, remains an area of growing interest. This study investigates the association between hyperuricemia and clinical outcomes in adult sepsis patients admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU).

Methods: This retrospective analytical study included 162 adult patients diagnosed with sepsis and admitted to the MICU of Karpaga Vinayaga Medical College Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India, between January 2024 and December 2024. Adult patients who met Sepsis-3 definition of sepsis is included in this study. Serum uric acid levels, Lactate levels, Creatinine value at the time of admission and after 24 hours of admission were noted. Serum Uric acid levels more than 7 mg/dL is considered as hyperuricemia. Patients were divided into hyperuricemia (n=107) and normouricemia (n=55) groups based on serum uric acid levels. Baseline characteristics, laboratory parameters, AKI, duration of hospital stay, need for vasopressor support, need for assisted mechanical ventilation and mortality outcomes were compared between the groups using appropriate statistical tests, including Fisher’s exact test and chi-square analysis.

Results: The median age was 59.5 years, with a female predominance (60.49%). Diabetes (58.02%) and hypertension (53.09%) were the most common comorbidities. Hyperuricemia was present in 66.04% of patients, with a mean serum uric acid level of 8.24 ± 3.13 mg/dL. AKI was significantly associated with hyperuricemia (p<0.0001). Elevated lactate levels (>2.2 mmol/L) were found in 98.13% of hyperuricemia patients, indicating hemodynamic instability. Vasopressor support was more frequently required in the hyperuricemia group, with 38% needing two or more vasopressors versus 16.7% in the normouricemia group (p<0.001). Additionally, 35.51% of hyperuricemia patients required mechanical ventilation compared to 3.63% in the normouricemia group (p<0.001). In-hospital mortality was also significantly higher in the hyperuricemia group (p=0.0194), although 30-day mortality did not reach statistical significance (p=0.2248).

Conclusion: Hyperuricemia in sepsis is significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, including acute kidney injury, need for multiple vasopressors, assisted mechanical ventilation, and increased in-hospital mortality. Serum uric acid may serve as a useful biomarker for risk stratification in septic patients.

Advancements in Traditional Medicine: Preparation and Characterization of Pomegranate Extract Raft Forming Tablets

2025-06-25T07:02:10+00:00

The present research work aim was to formulate and evaluate Pomegranate extract raft forming tablets by Direct Compression and Wet Granulation methods. Pomegranate extract is a source of powerful polyphenols that offer potent health support for cardiovascular system. They support healthy blood flow and metabolism, help keep blood pressure within the normal range, and contribute to a balanced inflammatory response. Pectin and guar gum are gel-forming agents used at various concentrations to formulate raft-forming tablets. Upon contact with gastric fluids, they create a viscous, cohesive gel in which each portion swells and merge to form a continuous layer, known as a raft. This raft floats on the gastric fluids due to its low bulk density, which results from the generation of carbon dioxide.

Thus it produces retention of dosage form which enhances gastric retention and prolongs drug delivery within the gastrointestinal tract by remaining buoyant on gastric fluids, allowing for a sustained and controlled drug release at the desired rate. The developed pomegranate raft-forming tablets were thoroughly evaluated for both pre-formulation and post-formulation parameters. FTIR and DSC analyses confirmed the compatibility of pomegranate extract with the selected excipients, indicating no significant interactions. Among all formulations tested, F12 demonstrated superior performance, exhibiting optimal raft weight, minimal buoyancy lag time and the most substantial raft formation. Notably, raft weight increased proportionally with higher concentrations of sodium alginate. Overall, formulation F12 provided the best combination of controlled drug release and floating characteristics compared to the other formulations.

Comparison Of The Adductor Pollicis And Corrugator Supercilii As Indicators for Adequacy Of Neuro-Muscular Blockade Recovery With Train Of Four(Tof) For Tracheal Extubation

2025-06-25T07:18:29+00:00

Background: Accurate assessment of neuromuscular blockade recovery is critical for safe tracheal extubation. Train-of-four (TOF) monitoring at different muscle sites, particularly the adductor pollicis (AP) and corrugator supercilii (CS), may vary in their ability to predict adequate recovery.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of AP and CS muscle monitoring using TOF in assessing adequate neuromuscular recovery for tracheal extubation.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia at Narayana Medical College. Patients were allocated into two groups: Group AP (n=30) received TOF monitoring at the adductor pollicis, and Group CS (n=30) at the corrugator supercilii. Anaesthetic management was standardized. Parameters including TOF ratio, BIS, hemodynamics, extubation criteria, and Ramsay sedation scores were recorded when TOF ≥ 0.9.

Results: There were no significant differences in demographic variables. However, at TOF 0.9, the CS group showed significantly lower BIS, heart rate, and blood pressure values (p < 0.0001), indicating deeper anaesthetic depth and better hemodynamic stability. Extubation criteria were met in 90% of the CS group and 92% of the AP group. Ramsay sedation scores were higher in the CS group, suggesting better sedation at similar TOF values.

Conclusion: Corrugator supercilii monitoring provides a reliable and earlier indication of adequate neuromuscular recovery and is associated with better hemodynamic and sedation profiles than the adductor pollicis. It is a superior site for TOF monitoring during emergence and extubation.

Study Of Medication Utilization Evaluation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Renal Disease in Tertiary Care Hospital: An Cross- Sectional Study

2025-06-25T07:24:22+00:00

Background: Medication utilization evaluation involves the assessment of drug marketing, distribution, prescribing, and usage within a society, with particular focus on the associated medical, social, and economic outcomes. DUE is a continuous, authorized, and systematic process aimed at improving the quality of healthcare. AKI and CKD are interrelated syndromes, with AKD (7–90 days post-AKI) serving as a critical phase for intervention to prevent CKD progression. AKD is associated with high morbidity, especially in elderly and comorbid patients. Globally, AKI impacts 13.3 million people annually, with 1.7 million deaths. Management includes recurrence prevention, early nephrology referral, and targeted therapies such as RAS inhibitors. This study evaluates medication utilization patterns in chronic kidney disease using WHO core drug use indicators to identify and improve rational prescribing practices.

Methodology: Approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a one-year period (March 2023 to February 2024) to evaluate the prescription patterns and drug utilization in patients with renal diseases. The study was carried out in the Nephrology Outpatient Department of a tertiary care hospital in Sangli, Maharashtra, India.

Results: In this study of 200 renal patients, CKD was more prevalent (79%) than AKI. The mean drugs per prescription were 6.5 ± 2.2, with 64% prescribed by brand name and 76% from the NLEM. Tablets were the most common dosage form (70%), and erythropoietin and nifedipine were the most frequently used supplement and antihypertensive, respectively.

Conclusions: This study highlights that CKD was the predominant diagnosis among renal patients, with frequent polypharmacy and high use of essential medicines. The findings underscore the need for rational prescribing practices and increased use of generics to optimize outcomes and reduce treatment costs.

Efficacy of Unstable Platforms offer Massive Muscle work in Establishing the Strength an Important Motor Component in Athletes Sustaining Soft Tissue Injuries in Knee

2025-06-25T09:02:09+00:00

Background context: Balance strength and power forms the part of motor skill which integrates the nervous system, musculoskeletal system to intervene. Strength and speed adjoin balance to perform conventional activities in sports like walking stairclimbing running jumping and recreational activities. Balance and strength become an integral part of neuromuscular complex to undermine the complex movements which becomes the basic skills in sport. A standardised rehabilitation programme utilises specific training to compensate for the deficits of musculoskeletal system following injuries while indulging in sports. An unstable platform like wobble board Bosu Ball Trampoline offers degree of difficulty to restore the components related to Athletes Skills.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of unstable platform in establishing the components required for athletes in sport performance. To impose the challenges to develop the component like strength forms the part of skills in sports. Rehabilitation programme serves as the contributing factor to offer training in different platforms in Athletes sustaining soft tissue injuries in knee.

Eligibility Criteria and Methodology: The design of the research relies on Randomization methods with pre and post treatment observation and recordings in the sports science and rehabilitation Department. The Randomization method has been incurred by the researcher being single blinded of unaware of the allocation of individuals in the training groups. All participants received the instructions on procedure and purpose of the training and consent received from the participant prior to exposure of the research. The participants aged 18-25 belongs to the discipline of sports science and physical Education Department. The study based on the effects of Bosu Ball training Trampoline training and Conventional training for an exploration of eight weeks. The quantification of Strength an important component of sport relies on Dynamometer. 45 athletes were identified in department of Physical Education with Grade 1 and Grade 2 ACL Injury confirmed by the investigation under the division of Orthopaedics. The Consent and approval received from the Ethical Board of Erstwhile Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital for commencing the research studies. The inclusion criteria have history of ACL injury or concomitant injuries recruited in the study.The exclusion criteria include Grade 3 injuries, Balance impairment, Recurrent knee injuries, internal derangement of knee patellar dislocations and fractures.

Key Points Based on Intervention: Strength and power are the major components for an athlete to return to sport participation. The protocol comprises of various training of Bosu Ball Trampoline and Conventional treatment. The muscle strength an important motor component gained through neuromuscular training on various platforms becomes the essential part of sports.

Neonatal and Maternal outcomes in GDM and Non GDM Pregnancies

2025-06-25T10:27:44+00:00

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication known to impact perinatal outcomes. Among the key neonatal indicators, the Apgar score and birth weight serve as immediate and essential markers of neonatal health. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between GDM and neonatal APGAR scores at 1 and 5 minutes, as well as birth weight, comparing outcomes with those from non-GDM pregnancies.

Objectives:To compare APGAR scores and birth weight between neonates born to GDM mothers and those born to non-GDM mothers and assess whether GDM significantly affects these early neonatal parameters.

Methods: This hospital-based case-control study analyzed 100 pregnant women (50 GDM, 50 non-GDM) in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from March 2024 to March 2025 to investigate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal-neonatal outcomes. A total of 100 pregnant women were enrolled, with 50 diagnosed with GDM (cases) and 50 without GDM (controls), matched for gestational age. GDM diagnosis was confirmed using the criteria: IADPSG 75g OGTT.Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression (SPSS v26, p<0.05). Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.

Results: Significant differences were observed between GDM and non-GDM pregnancies. Mothers with GDM showed higher metabolic parameters and increased rates of caesarean deliveries. Neonates born to GDM mothers had greater birth weights but lower APGAR scores compared to controls. Logistic regression confirmed a strong association between GDM and delivery mode

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that GDM significantly impacts both maternal and neonatal outcomes, with notable metabolic alterations, increased caesarean deliveries, and affected neonatal health. The findings emphasize the need for vigilant monitoring and management of GDM pregnancies to optimize outcomes. Further research should explore long-term effects and personalized intervention strategies.

Cilostazol in Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Molecular Docking Approach to Target Protein discovery

2025-06-25T10:32:08+00:00

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, and often fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition, leading to irreversible lung damage and respiratory failure. Despite recent therapeutic advancements, effective treatments remain limited, highlighting an urgent need for novel pharmacological interventions. Cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE3) inhibitor, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, and vasodilatory effects, and has shown promise in various fibrotic conditions. This study aimed to computationally identify potential target proteins of cilostazol relevant to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis using molecular docking simulations. A comprehensive library of known PF-related proteins was curated, and molecular docking was performed between cilostazol and these proteins using AutoDock Vina. Analysis of binding affinities and interaction patterns revealed several promising protein targets. We identify 5 potential therapeutic targets of cilostazol by molecular docking i.e., MMP7, TGF-β R1, Smad3, Wnt3a, GSK-3β and validate the results by evaluating its protective effect against pulmonary fibrosis. These findings suggest that cilostazol may exert its anti-fibrotic effects through multi-targeted mechanisms beyond its classical PDE3 inhibition, potentially modulating key signaling cascades involved in fibroblast activation, collagen synthesis, and inflammatory responses. This in silico investigation provides a foundational understanding of cilostazol's potential molecular targets in PF, paving the way for further in vitro and in vivo validation studies and its potential repurposing as a therapeutic agent for this devastating disease.

Efficacy of Topical Glucosamine in Oral Lichen Planus

2025-06-25T10:36:29+00:00

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, nails, and mucous membranes. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is the mucosal counterpart, presenting as white, reticular lesions (asymptomatic) or erythematous erosions (symptomatic) that can cause symptoms ranging from spontaneous soreness to severe pain interfering with eating, speech, swallowing, and patients' daily activities.

Treatment strategies for OLP vary depending on the severity and extent of the lesions. Despite this, corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of management; various treatment modalities have also been introduced and used, particularly in refractory cases. Glucosamine (GlcN) is an amino sugar that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of essential components of cartilage and connective tissue. It has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. This is a case of successful management of symptomatic OLP with GlcN as a promising treatment modality for OLP.

Physiotherapy treatment on Balance impairment in patients with Parkinson's Disease : A systematic review”

2025-06-25T11:08:54+00:00

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological condition that significantly affects balance, movement, and total motor function, heightening the risk of falls and diminishing quality of life. Physiotherapy has become an essential intervention for alleviating balance deficits in people with Parkinson's disease, with numerous treatment modalities investigated to improve motor control and stability. This systematic study evaluates the efficacy of physiotherapy-based rehabilitation treatments, encompassing sensor-based training, virtual reality (VR) therapy, multidisciplinary rehabilitation strategies, and traditional physiotherapy methods. This review synthesizes many research to elucidate the impact of various therapies on enhancing postural control, gait stability, and functional mobility in people with Parkinson's disease. The results indicate that technology-assisted physiotherapy, cognitive-motor training, and task-specific exercises significantly enhance neuromuscular coordination and mitigate fall risk. Furthermore, the incorporation of contemporary therapeutic approaches, including vestibular stimulation, dynamic weight support, and mirror neuron therapy, has demonstrated favorable results in rehabilitation programs. Although traditional physiotherapy is fundamental in Parkinson's disease management, the integration of innovative rehabilitation methods has shown enhanced efficacy in mitigating balance deficits. This study emphasizes the necessity of a tailored and interdisciplinary rehabilitation strategy, arguing for additional clinical research to enhance physiotherapy protocols and improve patient-centered care.

Categories:Neurological Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation Sciences

Effect Of Covid-19 On The Mental Health Status Of Males In Himachal Pradesh: A Comparative Study

2025-06-25T11:19:11+00:00

The present study explores the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health status of males residing in Himachal Pradesh. A quantitative research design was employed to meet the objectives of the study. Data were collected from 300 male participants across five districts of Himachal Pradesh: Lahaul & Spiti, Kullu, Mandi, Una, and Shimla. To ensure a comprehensive assessment of individuals affected by COVID-19, the participants were categorized into three groups: infected but non-hospitalised, infected and hospitalised, and non-infected individuals. The collected data were then subjected to statistical analysis to identify variations in mental status among these groups. The findings revealed a statistically highly significant difference in mental health status across all three categories/groups

Formulation, Evaluation Of Combination Of Rabeprazole And Baclofen Bilayer Tablet For The Treatment Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Gerd)

2025-06-25T11:25:14+00:00

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic condition characterized by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, often requiring both acid suppression and control of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a bilayer tablet containing Rabeprazole in the immediate-release layer and Baclofen in the sustained-release layer to provide dual-phase therapeutic action. Rabeprazole offers rapid proton pump inhibition, while Baclofen, a GABA-B agonist, reduces reflux episodes by decreasing transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations.

The bilayer tablets were formulated using appropriate polymers and excipients, optimized through preformulation studies, and evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time, and in-vitro drug release. Results showed satisfactory physicochemical properties, effective separation of release profiles, and promising sustained action. The bilayer design significantly enhances patient compliance by combining two therapeutic approaches into a single dosage form, offering potential for improved clinical outcomes in GERD management

Formulation And Evaluation Of Pharmaceutical Emulgel With Indomethacin And Azadirachta Indica For Enhanced Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Effects

2025-06-25T11:31:32+00:00

Topical delivery systems such as emulgels offer a promising approach for the treatment of localized inflammation and pain by enhancing drug permeation and minimizing systemic side effects. Indomethacin, a potent NSAID, has limited water solubility and gastrointestinal side effects when administered orally. Azadirachta indica (Nimbidin) is a natural anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent known for its therapeutic potential. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate an emulgel incorporating Indomethacin and Azadirachta indica for enhanced analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Nimbidin was extracted from neem seeds using cold press and Soxhlet extraction methods. Emulgels were prepared using Carbopol 934 as a gelling agent and Span 80/Tween 80 as emulsifiers. The formulations were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, in vitro drug release, antimicrobial activity, skin irritation, and stability under accelerated conditions. The optimized formulation (F2) demonstrated desirable pH (5.9), viscosity (52,000 cps), and excellent spreadability. Drug content was within acceptable limits (Indomethacin: 98.4%, Nimbidin: 97.2%). In vitro release studies showed sustained drug release (94.1% over 8 hours). Antimicrobial activity and skin safety were confirmed. Stability studies indicated good retention of physical and chemical properties. The developed emulgel combining Indomethacin and Azadirachta indica exhibited enhanced therapeutic efficacy, favorable stability, and excellent topical tolerability, indicating its potential as an effective treatment for inflammatory and painful skin conditions.

Assessment of Antidiabetic Potential Using Melia azedarach fruit Extract

2025-06-25T11:48:22+00:00

Melia azedarach L, also known as Chinaberry tree, is a well-studied plant native to Southeast Asia. Its leaves, bark, and fruits have been traditionally used for their antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and insecticidal properties. The plant contains bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins. Recent studies have shown that extracts from Melia azedarach L have anticancer properties and antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. Ayurveda, a traditional Indian medicinal system, has been practiced for thousands of years. Research on pharmacognosy, chemistry, and clinical therapeutics has been conducted on ayurvedic medicinal plants. Modern medicine, or allopathy, has evolved over time, but its foundation remains rooted in traditional medicine and therapies. Melia azedarach Linn, also known as mahanimba, is a large evergreen tree found throughout India, used for its anthelmintic, antilithic diuretic, emmenagogue, astringent, and stomachic properties. The pharmacognostic evaluation of Melia azedarach includes the identification and characterization of its chemical constituents, which are essential for formulating an effective antidiabetic product. Assessing the antidiabetic potential of Melia azedarach fruit extract involves conducting preclinical and clinical studies to determine its efficacy and safety profile. These studies play a crucial role in establishing the plant's credibility as a natural remedy for managing diabetes. The study aims to assess the acute toxicity and anti-diabetic potential of Melia azedarach fruit extracts. Melia azedarach fruit's methanol extract (MEMA) has been found to have stronger antidiabetic action than its aqueous extract (AEMA). This is likely due to its stimulatory impact on insulin production, improving insulin-dependent gene expression, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense systems. MEMA also has potent antioxidant capacity due to its high flavonoid content, which reduces damaging radicals. The presence of polyphenols contributes to its effects, including reduced oxidative stress indicators and increased antioxidant protective capacity. The hypotriglyceremic and normolipemic effects of MEMA may be due to glycosides. Thus, Melia azedarach fruit extract could be a potential diabetes treatment agent.

Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of a Novel Quinazoline Derivative in Animal Models

2025-06-25T11:58:19+00:00

The present study evaluates the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of a novel quinazoline derivative using validated in vivo animal models. Quinazoline-based compounds have garnered pharmacological interest due to their diverse biological activities, including modulation of inflammatory and nociceptive pathways. In this investigation, the test compound was synthesized and structurally characterized, followed by assessment of its biological efficacy through acute and chronic inflammation models, and peripheral and central analgesic assays. Acute toxicity testing, conducted as per OECD Guideline 423, confirmed a high safety margin with no mortality or significant clinical signs observed up to 2000 mg/kg in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity was examined using carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models in rats. The compound showed dose-dependent inhibition of paw edema and granuloma formation, with the 50 mg/kg dose exhibiting efficacy comparable to indomethacin. Analgesic potential was assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing and the hot plate test in mice. The compound significantly reduced writhing counts, indicating peripheral analgesic activity, and increased latency in the hot plate test, suggestive of central analgesia. Mechanistic insights suggest possible cyclooxygenase inhibition and modulation of inflammatory cytokines or opioid-mediated pathways. The results demonstrate that the quinazoline derivative exhibits both anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties across models with a favorable safety profile. These findings support its potential as a lead compound for further development. Future studies involving molecular docking, pharmacokinetic profiling, and clinical translation are warranted to establish therapeutic applicability.

Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Emulgel Co-loaded with Lornoxicam-Eugenol for Improved Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

2025-06-25T12:16:21+00:00

The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a novel emulgel co-loaded with Lornoxicam and Eugenol, aiming to enhance topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy. Lornoxicam, a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and Eugenol, a natural compound with known analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, were incorporated into an emulgel system to overcome the limitations of oral administration, such as gastrointestinal side effects and poor patient compliance. The emulgel was formulated using Carbopol 940 as a gelling agent and evaluated for physicochemical parameters including pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, and stability. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated sustained and enhanced permeation profiles. The optimized formulation was further assessed through in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic models, such as carrageenan-induced paw edema and tail-flick tests in rats, which showed significant synergistic effects compared to formulations containing individual drugs. The results indicate that the co-loaded emulgel system offers a promising alternative for effective topical management of pain and inflammation with improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced systemic side effects.

Post-Spinal Anesthesia Shivering in Lower Abdominal Surgery: Evaluating the Role of Dexmedetomidine

2025-06-25T12:21:55+00:00

Background: Post-spinal anesthesia shivering (PSAS) is a common complication affecting patient comfort and surgical outcomes. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine in managing PSAS in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries.

Methods: A prospective, double-blind study was conducted on 60 adult patients (ASA I-II, aged 20-45 years) who developed shivering following spinal anesthesia for elective lower abdominal surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg (Group D, n=30) or normal saline (Group S, n=30) over 10 minutes. Primary outcome was time to cessation of shivering. Secondary outcomes included shivering intensity scores, hemodynamic parameters, body temperature changes, and adverse events.

Results: Demographic characteristics were comparable between groups. Dexmedetomidine demonstrated superior efficacy with significantly lower mean shivering scores (1.05 ± 0.67 vs 3.3 ± 0.73, p < 0.0001) and faster cessation times (2.37 ± 0.36 vs 3.81 ± 0.31 minutes, p < 0.0001). Group D showed controlled reductions in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate compared to controls, with all changes remaining clinically acceptable. Core body temperature was preserved in both groups with no significant differences. No serious adverse events were observed.

Conclusion: Intravenous dexmedetomidine at 0.5 mcg/kg effectively controls post-spinal anesthesia shivering with rapid onset, predictable hemodynamic effects, and excellent safety profile. These findings support its integration into evidence-based protocols for perioperative thermoregulation management in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries under spinal anesthesia

Promoting Psychological Resilience in Teens

2025-06-25T12:25:52+00:00

The majority of mental health challenges are diagnosed during teenage and young adult years. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, about 17% of youth ages 6-17 experiences a mental health disorder. When teens are coping with a mental health challenge, it can impact all aspects of their life including school, relationships, and even physical health. Adolescent mental health is an increasingly important area of concern, with rising rates of anxiety, depression, and stress-related issues. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured mental health toolkit designed to improve emotional well-being and coping mechanisms among teenagers. Conducted over six weeks in a school-based setting, the toolkit included mindfulness activities, emotion regulation strategies, and peer support modules. Results indicated improvements in self-reported mental health parameters and enhanced emotional resilience. The findings suggest that a structured toolkit can be an effective early intervention method in adolescent mental health care

Nano- And Micro-Particle Drug Delivery Systems For Enhancing The Bioavailability Of Anti-Diabetic Agents

2025-06-25T14:58:32+00:00

Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2DM), remains a global health challenge characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated complications. Conventional anti-diabetic therapies often face limitations such as low bioavailability, frequent dosing requirements, systemic side effects, and drug resistance. Nano- and micro-particle drug delivery systems have emerged as promising strategies to overcome these obstacles by improving the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of anti-diabetic agents. These delivery platforms, including polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based carriers, vesicular systems, inorganic nanoparticles, and nanosuspensions, offer enhanced drug stability, targeted delivery, sustained release, and reduced toxicity. Moreover, they facilitate improved oral absorption by protecting drugs from gastrointestinal degradation and bypassing first-pass metabolism via lymphatic transport. Encapsulation of both synthetic drugs and natural phytocompounds in nano- and micro-carriers significantly augments their therapeutic efficacy, bioavailability, and patient compliance. Despite substantial preclinical evidence, clinical translation remains limited due to concerns about toxicity, complex synthesis, and stability challenges. This review highlights recent advancements in particle-based drug delivery technologies for anti-diabetic agents, emphasizing their mechanisms, benefits, and existing barriers. Continued research and clinical evaluation are imperative to fully realize the potential of nano- and micro-particle systems in enhancing diabetes management and patient outcomes (2020).

Voriconazole: The Latest Triazole Antifungal Compound

2025-06-26T04:39:47+00:00

Voriconazole, a novel second-generation triazole antifungal, has significantly expanded the therapeutic landscape for invasive fungal infections. Its broad-spectrum activity against Aspergillus spp., Candida spp., Scedosporium apiospermum, and Fusarium spp. makes it a vital agent, particularly in immunocompromised populations. With excellent oral bioavailability (>95%) and the availability of both intravenous and oral formulations, voriconazole offers clinical flexibility and cost-effectiveness, especially when transitioning from hospital to outpatient care. Clinical trials have shown its superior efficacy over amphotericin B in treating invasive aspergillosis and comparable outcomes to fluconazole in esophageal candidiasis. Despite its clinical advantages, voriconazole’s use must be carefully managed due to potential adverse effects such as visual disturbances, hepatotoxicity, and drug–drug interactions via cytochrome P450 enzymes. Genetic polymorphisms, particularly in CYP2C19, can result in significant interindividual variability in metabolism and drug exposure. Resistance, although still limited, has been observed, particularly in azole-resistant fungal strains, raising concerns for future clinical efficacy. Pharmacoeconomic evaluations support voriconazole's cost benefit when oral therapy is introduced early in treatment. In summary, voriconazole represents a powerful tool in antifungal therapy, provided it is used with individualized dosing and vigilant monitoring to mitigate toxicity and resistance risks.

Comparison of Safety Outcomes of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) in Patients with Prostate Size Above and Below 80 grams

2025-06-26T07:13:33+00:00

Objective(s): This study aims to compare the safety outcomes in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with prostate sizes above and below 80 grams.

Study Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Kidney Center Postgraduate Training Institute over a two-year period. The study included 291 patients aged 45 to 85 years who underwent TURP, with prostate sizes greater than 30 grams. An arbitrary size cutoff of 80 grams for prostrate size was used in our study. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A consisted of patients with prostates below 80 grams, while Group B included those with prostates above 80 grams. Pre- and post-operative hemoglobin levels, serum sodium levels and complications were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0. Statistical significance was determined with a p-value ≤0.05.

Results: The mean prostate size for Group A was 53.4 ± 13.2 grams, and for Group B, 104.6 ± 24.8 grams. Both groups experienced a significant reduction in post-operative lab parameters, including hemoglobin and sodium levels (p < 0.001). However, Group B exhibited a significantly larger mean drop in hemoglobin (2.1 ± 1.3) compared to Group A (1.5 ± 1.1) (p < 0.001). Despite these differences in hemoglobin levels, other complications—such as the need for blood transfusions (p=0.415), sepsis (p= 0.999), and TUR syndrome (p= 0.651)—showed no significant differences between the groups.

Conclusions: TURP is a safe and effective treatment for BPH in patients with prostate sizes both above and below 80 grams. Despite a greater drop in hemoglobin in larger prostates, complication rates remain similar, making TURP a viable option for patients with larger prostates, especially in low-resource settings.

Optimization Erp Systems In Healthcare Industry Using Artificial Intelligence

2025-06-26T07:19:14+00:00

The healthcare business is under more and more pressure to provide timely, high-quality, and cost-effective patient treatment while also handling complicated administrative and operational tasks. Traditional Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are important for bringing together different parts of a hospital, but they typically don't work well when it comes to being flexible, responding quickly, and making smart decisions. This study looks at how adding Artificial Intelligence (AI) to healthcare ERP systems changes the way they work and how well they do their jobs. We look at how important AI technologies like Machine Learning (ML), Predictive Analytics, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Robotic Process Automation (RPA), and Computer Vision can help with decision-making, cut down on mistakes made by people, make the best use of resources, and allow for real-time data analysis. The study also looks at how AI is changing both clinical and administrative ERP modules. It shows how automation, smart forecasting, and inter-module connectivity can improve patient outcomes and the performance of the institution. The results show that AI-powered ERP systems make it possible to go from reactive to proactive healthcare management. This lays the groundwork for better, data-driven, and patient-centered healthcare delivery.

Study Of Prevalence Of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome In Utensil Cleaning Females Of Catering Profession

2025-06-26T07:24:08+00:00

Background: PFPS is pain behind or around the patella that worsens with specific workouts or movements. Examples of these exercises are squatting, ascending stairs, jogging, running, jumping, extending the knee, getting up after prolonged sitting, and other weight-bearing exercises. The typical symptoms of PFPS are pain behind or around the patella, which affects 22.7% of the general population. The prevalence of "anterior knee pain" is considerable, occurring in 22 out of every 1,000 individuals annually.

Method: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome in utensils cleaning females of catering profession in Kolhapur city.

Materials: Subjects were selected from catering centers and assessed using the Patellar tilt test and Kujala questionnaire. Inclusion exclusion criteria were considered, and subjects willing to participate were included after receiving an explanation of the study’s nature.

Result: In this study, participants aged 25 to 40 had an average age of 32.19 ±5.39 years. The prevalence of Patellofemoral pain syndrome in utensils-cleaning females of the catering profession was 70.59%. The females experiencing anterior knee pain had an average working experience of 8.16±4.74 years and an average of 9.83±2.50 daily working hours. Previous studies showed varying levels of pain severity. In contrast, in this study, at rest, 32.35% had no pain, 61.76 % had mild pain, and 5.88% had moderate pain, while during movement, 39.22% had severe pain, 32.35% had moderate pain, and 28.43% had mild pain. The patellar tilt shows positive in 70.59% of the population, indicating PFP symptoms. The kujala/akps shows that out of the 102 participants, 65.69% had low scores, 15.69% had fair scores, 17.65% had good scores, and only 0.98% had excellent scores, indicating a high prevalence of PFPS in utensils cleaning females of catering profession.

Conclusion: This study highlights a high prevalence of the patellofemoral pain syndrome under study, with significant implications for the functional status and pain levels of individuals affected. The findings underscore the need for improved diagnostic and treatment strategies, particularly those aimed at alleviating pain during movement and enhancing knee function. Further research into the causes and effective management of this condition is essential for improving the health and quality of life of those affected.

Prevalence Of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome In Asha Workers

2025-06-26T07:28:29+00:00

Background Asha workers are frontline community health worker who has to be the inhabitants of the village, ideally between the ages of 25 to 45. Syndrome of Patellofemoral Pain is described as aching behind or around the patella that escalates after at least a single activity that strains the patella after bearing weight with the knee bent. It aims to investigate the prevalence of PFPS in ASHA employees.

Method ASHA workers having anterior knee pain underwent evaluation by using NPRS, Clarke’s sign and Kujala knee pain Score. Data on age, years of experience and duration of work was taking in consideration. participants with patellar instability, lower limb fracture and previous knee surgery were excluded.

Result in this study 73 participants were included out of which 52 participants had positive Clarke’s sign and 22 had negative clarke’s sign. Most of the participants They ranged among the ages of 25 and 40, having a mean age around 33.85(±4.74) years with experience of 5 or more years. there was significant correlation between kujala akps and clarke’s sign.

Conclusion this study predicts the susceptibility of pfps in asha workers. asha worker are more prone for pfps which suggests high risk of injury. asha worker’s severe workload has a substantial influence on their ability to provide quality healthcare services to the community as well as their own health. knee joint is weight bearing joint and so it is more prone injuries.

Development Of A Phytochemical Based Soap For Topical Management Of Psoriasis

2025-06-26T07:32:27+00:00

The inflammatory condition known as psoriasis results in deformities and unpleasant, scaly, itchy skin. Due to the lack of a viable treatment and associated problems with allopathic drugs, a great deal of research has been done on natural items with anti-psoriatic qualities. The glycerin soap base used in this research article was chosen for its ability to hold onto moisture and mild cleaning properties. This base is completed with potent herbal extracts, including neem, which is praised for its antibacterial and antifungal properties; nutmeg, which is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; turmeric, which is well-known for its anti-inflammatory properties; licorice root, which is prized for its calming and anti-inflammatory properties; and aloe vera powder, which is well-known for its moisturizing and restorative qualities. A herbal anti-psoriatic topical medication delivery system was developed with consideration for the previously given rationale. Through meticulous formulation, we have optimized the concentrations of these components to ensure efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Our objective is to develop a soap that not only lessens the symptoms of psoriasis but also enhances skin health. This study provides a potential alternative for anyone searching for a gentle yet effective method of managing their psoriasis. Future research efforts will primarily focus on clinical trials to verify the efficacy and safety of this herbal soap formulation, which may result in a breakthrough in the treatment of psoriasis.

Prevalence Of Piriformis Syndrome In Housekeeping Staff

2025-06-26T07:51:55+00:00

Background: In the area of glutes, the piriformis muscle plays vital for hip rotation and stability. Jobs involving long periods of standing and physically demanding work causes syndrome and fatigue due to sustained pressure. Piriformis syndrome, pressurizes sciatic nerve, drastically causing pain, uneasiness, and restricted movement. This results in chronic musculoskeletal strain and impact productivity and overall well-being.

Methods: Housekeeping staff having significant clinical features underwent evaluation of NPRS, examining tightness by seated piriformis stretch test and buttock pain by FAIR test were recorded. Age, years of experience and duration of work was taken into consideration. Patients with back surgery, trauma, arthritis and spinal deformities were excluded.

Result: In this study 80 participants, higher prevalence of piriformis syndrome was observed in participants aged 25- 45 years, with mean age 34.83 (±6.09). The NPRS indicated that 62.5% had mild pain at rest, while 46.25% reported severe pain during movement. 61.25% subjects resulted positive for seated Piriformis Stretch test and FAIR Test, with a higher percentage of females (71.19%) testing positive compared to males (33.33%).

Conclusion Patients daily lives are greatly affected by hip discomfort, as many find it difficult to carry out fundamental activities because of the pain. The elevated occurrence of affirmative Seated Piriformis and FAIR test outcomes piriformis syndrome. The considerable pain underscore the necessity for enhanced management approaches. Investigating gender differences and the root causes of hip discomfort in greater depth would assist in more effectively customizing treatments.

Study Of Correlation Of Craniohorizontal Angle And Sagittal Shoulder Posture With Craniovertebral Angle In Computer Science Engineering Students

2025-06-26T08:37:00+00:00

Introduction: Students commonly use computers in the modern information era. Prolonged computer use during every day work and enjoyment is frequently cited as a cause of neck pain in college students. Neck pain lead to changes in the craniovertebral angle (CVA). This study aims to determine correlation of craniohorizontal angle and sagittal shoulder posture with craniovertebral angle in Computer science engineering students.

Methods Computer science engineering students reporting neck pain underwent numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) evaluation and Kinovea software assessment. Data on age, 3rd and 4th year, and working hours per day were recorded. Participants with musculoskeletal pathologies, scoliosis, and spinal surgery were excluded.

Result in a study 77 computer science engineering students, 35male and 42female of 3rd & 4th-year with neck pain, 52 participants showed changes in craniovertebral angle (CVA) and craniohorizontal angle (CHA), While 40 participants showed changes in cranio-vertebral angle (CVA) and sagittal shoulder posture (SSP).

Conclusion According to this study, third and fourth-year computer science students with neck pain who worked on computers for five to six hours a day observed alterations in their craniohorizontal angle, craniovertebral angle and sagittal shoulder posture. However, no significant correlation was observed between craniohorizontal angle and sagittal shoulder posture with craniovertebral angle.

Examining the Economic Impact of Surgeon Communication in Neonatal Surgery

2025-06-26T09:01:10+00:00

This exploratory study, conducted at the Neonatal Surgical Unit of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) over a period of months, investigated the relationship between surgeon communication, parental satisfaction, and potential economic implications in neonatal surgery. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study enrolled 25 parents of infants undergoing surgery and four neonatal surgeons. Data was collected through parental surveys (assessing communication style, satisfaction, and likelihood to recommend the hospital), chart reviews (surgical complexity and outcomes), and surgeon interviews (perspectives on communication). Quantitative analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between surgeon communication scores and parental satisfaction (Spearman's rho = 0.78, p < 0.01), and between parental satisfaction and likelihood to recommend UCTH (Spearman's rho = 0.85, p < 0.01). While directly quantifying cost savings proved challenging due to the study's scope, qualitative data and complaint records suggested a potential link between effective communication, reduced complaints, and improved hospital reputation. The findings emphasize the critical role of surgeon communication in enhancing parental satisfaction and influencing hospital performance indicators, ultimately suggesting a tangible economic impact through patient referrals and reduced negative feedback. Investing in communication training for surgeons can improve hospital performance

Quality Care Dimensions in Private Hospitals of Kathmandu: An Analysis of Patient Perceptions

2025-06-26T09:38:55+00:00

This paper examines the dimensions of the quality of patient care in the nursing service in the private hospitals of Kathmandu. The patients' perceptions are measured in a variety of dimensions of health service quality such as reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy, and responsiveness. Quantitative data were collected from 225 respondents such that they serve as a proxy for perceived service quality. Highest score were reported for empathy and tangibles, with high level of satisfaction in all areas. Staff's competency and professionalism were highly rated, but there were some moderate concerns about their accessibility and willingness to listen. The findings also indicate potential scope for enhancing communication, empathy and hygiene practices and system responsiveness.

Profitability and Medical Ethics

2025-06-26T09:59:30+00:00

In the Medical Industry, the carrier-profit chain establishes relationships between product quality, client loyalty, worker satisfaction, loyalty, and productivity. It indicates that specializing in employee engagement and consumer satisfaction would possibly increase a corporation's financial performance. This relates to how nicely the agency helps and assists its personnel. several studies have empirically investigated the relationship between practices within the carrier income chain and their impact on the tourism and hospitality industries. The provider profit chain is primarily based on the idea that marketplace leadership calls for an emphasis on handling value drivers which are the most crucial determinants modern-day fulfilment: worker retention, employee pride, and employee productiveness, which have the greatest effect on achievement and provide the maximum advantage to clients. Bibliometric research that prepare manufacturing on this area, but, are nevertheless scarce. The have a look at's aim is to research the an impact on modern-day carrier income chain practices in hospitality enterprise using top-most keyword occurrences, and every year productiveness studies output traits on this location. The study findings imply that the us, China, Australia, Germany, India, Egypt, Malaysia, and Brazil are the most efficient countries inside the subject present day research output on the topic. The research also exhibits that the top-maximum supply identify on the subject is “global journal state-of-the-art current Hospitality control,” and state-of-the-art used keywords are "articles,” “purchaser delight,” and “carrier profit chain." on this topic, the usa is the leading united states.

Augmented Reality Solutions for Cognitive Ergonomics and HR Training in Virtual Workspaces for the Modern Employee

2025-06-26T10:30:13+00:00

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has paved the way for augmented reality (AR) to transform traditional workspaces into immersive virtual environments. This study investigates the potential of AR-based virtual workspaces to enhance cognitive ergonomics and streamline HR training processes for modern employees. By focusing on cognitive ergonomics, which emphasizes the alignment of work systems with human mental capabilities, this research aims to determine how AR solutions can reduce cognitive load, improve task efficiency, and enhance overall employee well-being. Additionally, the study explores the effectiveness of AR in HR training, assessing its role in facilitating knowledge retention, skill acquisition, and engagement. Through a mixed-methods approach that includes experimental studies, surveys, and interviews with employees and HR professionals, this research seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and challenges of implementing AR in workplace settings. The outcomes are expected to inform organizations on how best to integrate AR technologies into their training and operational strategies, potentially setting new standards for cognitive ergonomic practices and employee development.

Assess The Level Of Stress And Anxiety During Clinical Posting Among First Year Nursing Students

2025-06-26T10:47:08+00:00

Nursing curriculum demands theory hours plus clinical hours. The clinical field environment is new for the first-year nursing students to deal with real-world patient care. This study attempt to assess the level of stress and anxiety during clinical posting among first year nursing students. Research has shown that first-year nursing students frequently experience elevated levels of stress and anxiety during their initial clinical postings. The main objective of this study was to assess the level of stress and anxiety during clinical posting among first year nursing students. A quantitative study was conducted with descriptive Research Design. For this study convenient sampling technique was used to draw the sample for the study. Data collected from 101 first year nursing students of A.N.M., G.N.M. and B. Sc. The findings of the study revealed that the level of stress among first year nursing students during clinical rotation. Total 101 samples collected. Among that 17[16.83%]students doesn’t have any stress, 55 [54.46%] students were having mild level of stress, 28[27.72%] students were having moderate level of stress and 1[0.99%] student have severe level of stress during clinical rotation and level of anxiety among 101 samples from 22[21.78%] students doesn’t have any anxiety , 52[51.49%] students were having mild level of anxiety, 24[23.76%] students were having moderate level of anxiety and 3[2.97%] students were having severe level of anxiety during clinical rotation. Therefore it is concluded that maximum students were having mild level of stress and anxiety during clinical posting among first year nursing students

Neccessity for Methodology for Identification of Fringe Areas Having Potentiality to Form a City Region

2025-06-26T10:52:35+00:00

As the urban areas are overspilling beyond their carrying capacity in terms of population the growth of the city tends towards Peri-Urban or fringe areas. These fringe areas are naturally converting to a dynamic transformation zone have enormous potential to play a positive role in enhancing urban sustainability at regional and global level. In the similar line of thought, SDG 11.A aims at supporting positive economic, social and environmental links between urban and peri-urban to strengthen Regional and National planning. The challenge of integrating fringe areas to city-region aims to overcome the differences of approach of Urban and Rural planning, utilizing the fringe potentiality and functions to achieve multifunctionality. Development potentiality, which refers to opportunities and possibilities for growth, progress and improvement from various perspectives, including social, economic, environmental and infrastructural development, is the inherent ability or capacity of a region or area for positive and sustainable development. This research paper aims at ascertaining the need for methodology for identifying the fringe areas that are having a potentiality to form a region.

Trends in Infant Mortality Rate and Policy Impact in India: A Systematic Assessment

2025-06-26T11:12:36+00:00

Background: Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is a pivotal indicator of health systems. This study systematically assesses IMR trends in India (1995–2020) and Jammu & Kashmir, correlates them with national programmes (e.g., NRHM, JSY, Mission Indradhanush), and contextualizes findings via NFHS equity analyses and the Ballabgarh project case study.

Methods: Annual IMR data were analyzed using LOESS smoothing and linear regression. Equity trends were evaluated via NFHS‐1 to NFHS‐4 data [5]. The Ballabgarh project outcomes (1972–1997) were reviewed [6]. Model fit was assessed by R².

Results: IMR declines (per year) were India Total −1.685, Rural −1.983, Urban −1.000, J&K −1.769 (R² ≥ 0.996). Equity gaps narrowed post-NHM but persisted for SC/ST and poorest quintiles. The Ballabgarh project demonstrated a significant reduction in neonatal mortality rates over the study period, indicating the effectiveness of a focused primary healthcare intervention and stands as strong evidence that neonatal mortality can be reduced to Kerala-like levels independent of socioeconomic development. These outcomes suggest that localized, sustained interventions can achieve substantial improvements in neonatal health outcomes, potentially serving as a model for similar rural healthcare programs across India.

Conclusion: Coordinated policy interventions drove sustained IMR reduction. Targeted rural schemes and equity-focused strategies are crucial. Lessons from NFHS and Ballabgarh guide future programme refinements.

Prevalence, Patterns, And Factors Associated With Excessive Smartphone Use Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

2025-06-26T11:19:09+00:00

Excessive smartphone use among students can lead to physical issues like sleep problems and muscle strain, as well as psychological issues including anxiety and depression, negatively affecting their academic performance.

Objectives: The study investigated the prevalence and associated characteristics of excessive smartphone usage among college students in Kerala, South India.

Method: The research included 1,030 participants chosen randomly from five different universities in Kerala through an online survey. The study collected information about participants' socio-demographic characteristics, smartphone usage patterns and their self-assessment of smartphone addiction. The Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) was used to assess the level of smartphone use.

Results: The research showed that 36.7% of students demonstrated excessive smartphone use. The age of participants spanned between 18 and 24 years with an average of 20.50 years (SD = 1.66). The data showed that excessive smartphone usage was strongly related to habitual usage (r = 0.56, p <.001), process usage (r = 0.41, p <.001), and social usage (r = 0.21, p <.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that habitual smartphone behaviour (β =.50, p <.001) and process usage (β =.13, p <.001) served as significant predictors which explained 33% of the addiction score variance.

Conclusion: The research indicates that excessive smartphone use affects more than one-third of students and highlights the influence of habitual and entertainment-driven smartphone use on addiction levels. This demonstrates an urgent need for targeted intervention to promote digital wellness and mindful smartphone use in academic settings.

Synthesis, PASS Prediction, Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Newer 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Hybrids Of P-Thymol as Antidiabetic Agents

2025-06-26T11:24:49+00:00

A novel series of amide analogs of p-thymol, clubbed with 1,3,4-thiadiazole (8a-8l) was developed and synthesized. This was achieved by attaching the phenolic group of the naturally occurring p-thymol core to 1,3,4-thiadiazole, followed by coupling with various substituted acyl chloride moieties through an amino linker, resulting in a good yield (83-91 %). The identities of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed using spectroscopic methods, including ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass spectrometry, and FT-IR. In this study, the biological activity profile of the designed analogs was predicted using the PASS prediction tool, indicating their potential antidiabetic activity. The compounds were synthesized, and their activities were experimentally assessed at a concentration of 62.5 500 µL. The observed experimental activity was aligned with the predictions made by PASS. Molecular docking studies were conducted to determine the binding free energies of all the compounds at the active site of isomaltase from S. cerevisiae (PDB ID: 3A47). Compounds 8a and 8d exhibited excellent docking scores. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antidiabetic activity and showed moderate-to-good results. Notably, compounds 8a, 8e, 8j, and 8l exhibited significant antidiabetic activity compared with the positive standard acarbose. A comparative analysis of Lipinski’s parameters and compound activity showed that all compounds adhered to Lipinski’s rule of five.

Taro : Insights Into Nutrient Content and Anti-Nutritional Factors

2025-06-26T11:31:48+00:00

Taro is a nutritional powerhouse rich in fibre, vitamins A, C, E, and B-complex, and various minerals such as potassium, magnesium, and iron. It is enjoyed as an international cuisine owing to its low-fat content, high fibre and protein content with moderate carbohydrate level, over many underground stem tubers and corms. Microscopic study in the present work reveals the presence of raphide bundles and druse calcium oxalate crystals distributed throughout the outer as well as middle cortex and inner pith of the edible corm. The total oxalate load of taro was deciphered to be more than twelve times its permissible nutritional level. Chemical analysis and spectrophotometric analyses confirmed that maximum TO was in the outer skin (6.825 mg/g sample) followed by inner pith (6.814 mg/g sample) and the least TO was found in the middle cortex. Image analysis results in Colocasia esculenta showed that there is difference in area occupied by crystals among the outer skin, middle cortex and inner pith. Maximum area of crystals was distributed among the inner pith or the core region of the underground stem vegetable succeeded by outer skin portion and the least distribution was observed to be the middle cortex where the area occupied by crystals were 626.910 µm²/cm². The maximum phenol content was in the outer skin (0.377 mg GAE/g) of the underground stem vegetable, followed by inner pith (0.371 mg GAE/g) and least phenol content in the middle cortex (0.357 mg GAE/g). A protocol for the selection, improved varieties use of taro is therefore required with respect to its oxalate dominant area and intervention in the form of AI mediated predictions and genetic manipulation is promising in modifying the crop in future.

Evaluation Of Radiographic Skills Of Radiographers During Patient Load And Their Behavior Towards Patients

2025-06-26T11:56:40+00:00

A valid necessity for performing a radiographic examination in the radiological department is presented here. The study aims to educate radiographers on medical diagnostic imaging and technologies. These days, X-rays and many other advanced ionizing radiation-based diagnostic technologies are utilized daily and are believed to be the best ways to diagnose various diseases and ailments. Their understanding of radiation safety is, therefore, crucial. Since the general public is unaware of the negative effects of ionizing radiation exposure, medical professionals who work directly with patients must take the necessary precautions to safeguard both themselves and the public. This qualitative observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, SGT Hospital, and Gurugram, where a minimum of 8 radiographers were taken in this study, in which both male and female radiographers were included from 2021 to 2023 and will demonstrate how radiographers behave in the workplace. Study data was received from the Department of Radiodiagnosis, SGT Hospital, Gurugram, where all the radiography was carried out. Both male and female radiographers were included during the study and observed on their communication skills, attitude, and behavior towards patients during heavy and low patient loads following the ALARA principle. Only 50% of radiographers were aware of the ALARA principle. As a result, individuals are more likely to experience an ionizing radiation-related problem. To keep up a high level of radiation protection, hospital management should be concerned with regular training programs that will help their personal development.

Asymptomatic Giant Thoracic Ganglioneuroma: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

2025-06-26T12:03:10+00:00

Background: Ganglioneuroma (GN) is a rare, benign neuroblastic tumor arising from neural crest cells along the sympathetic chain. It is well-circumscribed, slow-growing, and commonly occurs in the posterior mediastinum (41%), retroperitoneum, adrenal gland, and neck. Despite its benign nature, GN can grow significantly without symptoms and is often detected incidentally.

Case Description: We report a 22-year-old female with an asymptomatic thoracic ganglioneuroma, incidentally identified during a pre-employment medical check-up. Thoracic MRI revealed a well-defined posterior mediastinal mass (11.7 × 10.2 × 14 cm) occupying the left hemithorax. The tumour was successfully resected via a posterolateral thoracotomy, and histopathology confirmed benign mature ganglioneuroma.

Conclusions: Thoracic ganglioneuromas are rare and often asymptomatic, making early detection challenging. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis, and surgical excision remains the preferred treatment for large tumours to prevent complications.

Analyzing Evacuation Behavior of Able-Bodied Individuals in the Presence of Disabled Persons in Underground Metro Stations

2025-06-27T06:41:12+00:00

This study explores how able-bodied individuals behave during evacuation in underground metro station in the presence of disabled person. Metro station plays a crucial role in urban transportation but also had significant challenges due to improper layout, high crowd density and including vulnerable populations such as the elderly and disabled. To found evacuation pattern, many advanced technologies are used in this research such as Agent based modeling in Unity 3D for behavioral simulation and for design of 3D model of metro station, SketchUp Pro is used. A 2³ full factorial experimental design was adopted and it include three main factors (number of evacuees, number of disabled people, presence of liftman) resulting in eight different evacuation scenarios. It was found that, the simulation revealed that evacuation time increased by as much as 35.5% with higher crowd density, higher number of people and disabled individuals. The presence of liftman reduced delays by 17.7%. A systematically survey data collected from 100 participants, analyzed by using, ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD and regression analysis (adjusted R² = 0.82) And PCA. The finding showed that crowd congestion, signage etc. affect evacuation behavior. The study is done with the help of BIM and VR, which gives helpful ideas for making more safer metro station for everyone during emergencies.

Environmental Reservoirs of Resistance: Detection of MDR Bacterial Isolates from Healthcare Soil Waste

2025-06-27T06:57:12+00:00

The rising threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents significant challenges to public health, especially when resistant microorganisms emerge from environmental reservoirs such as hospital and pharmaceutical waste sites. In the present study, five soil samples collected from the vicinity of healthcare facilities were screened for microbial isolates. A total of 42 distinct bacterial and 18 fungal isolates were obtained, out of which four bacterial isolates BI4, BT3, HMR2 and TD7 were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), showing resistance to more than three antibiotics. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that TD7 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) exhibited the highest resistance, being unresponsive to seven antibiotics, while BI4 (P. aeruginosa), BT3 (Bacillus pumilus), and HMR2 (Cellulosimicrobium cellulans) also demonstrated varying degrees of resistance. Notably, C. cellulans (HMR2), a typically non-pathogenic soil bacterium, exhibited resistance to six antibiotics, underscoring the potential role of environmental bacteria in harboring and spreading resistance traits. Biochemical testing, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11 confirmed the identity and evolutionary relationships of these isolates. High genetic similarity to clinically relevant strains was observed, particularly among Pseudomonas species, suggesting possible gene exchange between environmental and pathogenic bacteria. The study emphasizes the impact of poorly managed antibiotic disposal and the role of horizontal gene transfer in accelerating resistance development. These findings underline the urgency of implementing robust waste management practices and exploring natural sources for novel antimicrobials to mitigate the growing AMR crisis. The emergence of MDR strains in environmental settings calls for integrative surveillance and preventive strategies.

Diagnostic Biomarkers of Oral Leukoplakia: A Brief Review

2025-06-27T07:41:57+00:00

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most prevalent OPMD and carries a significant risk of malignant transformation into OSCC. Although histopathology is the gold standard in diagnosis, it is usually not accurate in predicting the behavior of a lesion, and this aspect highlights the importance of supplementary molecular tools. This review examines the diagnostic potential of the emerging biomarkers, which are genetic, protein-based, epigenetic, salivary, and serum-derived, in evaluating OL progression. Salivary cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, alongside microRNAs and enzymes like ALP and LDH, have shown strong diagnostic potential. Tissue-based markers, including loss of heterozygosity (LOH), DNA ploidy, podoplanin, p27, p53, and Ki-67, provide insights into genetic and proliferative changes associated with malignancy. The potential of these biomarkers is to facilitate more accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic decisions, as well as complement prognostication by regular histology. Further testing and implementation into clinical practice are necessary to maximize OL management and early detection of oral cancer.

Comparative evaluation of cortical bone thickness and total alveolar width in maxillary anterior dentition pre and post levelling and alignment in patients with class I and class II molar relation treated with pre-adjusted edgewise using CBCT- in vivo com

2025-06-27T08:39:32+00:00

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved through bone remodelling of the alveolar process .The effect of orthodontic treatment on changes in alveolar bone thickness have indicated that orthodontic tooth movement can decrease the bone thickness around the teeth.

Materials and method: 20 patients were selected and further divided into 2 groups according to the skeletal and dental malocclusion; each group comprising of 10 patients.Group 1: Skeletal class I mal-occlusion and Angles class I molar relation,Group 2: Skeletal class II malocclusion and Angles class II molar relation.The cortical bone thickness and total alveolar width in maxillary anterior dentition was evaluated using pre treatment CBCT. The measurments were taken at 3mm ,6mm,9mm from CEJ⁽¹⁶⁾. After completion of levelling and alignment with superelastic .014 , .016 round niti , 19*25 rectangular niti and 19*25 SS ; CBCT of these patients was taken and the cortical bone thickness and total alveolar width was measured.

Results: Comparision of difference in pre and post alveolar bone thickness for both the group class I and class II Subject at 3mm,6mm and 9mm was done,The P ≤ 0.005 was considered statistically significant. The labial cortical bone,palatal cortical plate and alveolar width was significantly(p ≤ 0.001) more reduced in class II than in class I at 3mm,6mm,9mm.

Conclusion” It is concluded from this study that the labial and palatal bone thickness and total alveolar width decreased significantly in class I and class II pt at 3mm 6mm and 9mm from CEJ post levelling and alignment.

Long-term outcomes of distraction osteogenesis in craniofacial reconstruction

2025-06-27T09:56:24+00:00

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) has become a new phenomenon in craniofacial reconstruction, especially in treating complex malformations like midface hypoplasia, mandibular deficiencies, and orbital malformations. Compared to conventional procedures that entail osteotomies and bone grafting, DO allows gradual lengthening of the skeleton and associated soft tissue adaptation, which minimizes donor site morbidity and improves stability. The method has been particularly effective in children, as it allows natural facial development and solves functional and cosmetic issues. DO is used clinically to treat syndromic craniosynostoses (e.g., Crouzon and Apert syndromes), Pierre Robin Sequence, and post-traumatic deformities. Despite its benefits, long-term observation shows problems of device complications, infections, asymmetry, and secondary surgery. Patient compliance and careful planning are key to successful results. This has been enhanced by the ongoing innovations in 3D virtual surgical planning and custom distractor design that have increased precision and lowered the rate of complications. Nonetheless, interdisciplinary management is indispensable to achieve long-lasting functional recovery and aesthetic balance of patients undergoing DO to correct craniofacial deformities

Surgical and Orthodontic Management of Cleft Lip and Palate: A Comprehensive Review

2025-06-27T10:02:06+00:00

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are among the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies, resulting from the incomplete fusion of embryonic facial prominences during development. The multifactorial causes of CLP involve genetic factors and environmental risks, such as maternal smoking and folic acid deficiency. In addition to the anatomical defect, CLP adversely affects feeding, speech, maxillary growth, and psychosocial well-being, necessitating a multidisciplinary treatment approach from infancy to adulthood. Management of CLP follows a structured protocol that aims to enhance both facial aesthetics and functional outcomes. Primary surgical interventions—including cleft lip repair within the first six months and cleft palate closure before 18 months—are crucial for early rehabilitation. Secondary treatments, such as alveolar bone grafting and orthognathic surgery, address residual skeletal and occlusal discrepancies. Recent advancements in surgical techniques and orthodontic management are pivotal for guiding maxillary development and ensuring long-term stability. Future innovations in tissue engineering, three-dimensional printing, and artificial intelligence-driven planning stand to improve surgical precision and patient outcomes. This review consolidates contemporary evidence to establish an effective, patient-centered framework for CLP management.

Correlation Of Severity Of Malocclusion To The Abo Blood Group In Indian Subjects

2025-06-27T10:07:19+00:00

Background: Malocclusion represents irregularity in the teeth of affected subjects and is one of the major dental healthcare concerns seen globally. Malocclusion is being described as having multifactorial etiology. However, there has been comprehensive research on malocclusion, and existing data is limited on the correlation of malocclusion severity to ABO blood grouping.

Aim: The present study aimed to assess the correlation of severity of malocclusion to the ABO blood group in Indian subjects using DAI (Dental Aesthetic Index).

Methods: The study assessed 800 subjects aged 15-28 who reported to the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics within the defined study period. The subjects were divided into different groups based on their blood group type. Data gathered were statistically analyzed to assess any correlation between the severity of malocclusion to the ABO blood group.

Results: The study results showed that there was a significant correlation in the severity of malocclusion to the ABO blood group with the highest incidence of malocclusion in blood group A followed by the O blood group, B blood group and the least incidence was seen in subjects with blood group AB with a p-value of <0.05.

Conclusions: The present study concludes that rapid diagnosis, early intervention, and adequate treatment planning can help reverse malocclusion. This can be attained with periodic and regular dental visits during the child's developmental phase.

Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain in Children with Developmental Delay: An Observational Study

2025-06-27T10:12:32+00:00

N\A

Use Of Discrete Fiber In Road Construction

2025-06-27T10:16:55+00:00

Concrete roads are widely used due to their durability, smooth surface, and low maintenance requirements; however, they are prone to cracking, spalling, and have limited tensile strength and ductility. To address these limitations, this study titled "The Use of Discrete Fiber in Road Pavements" investigates the effect of incorporating polypropylene and polyester fibers into M25 grade concrete. Four types of specimens were tested: plain concrete, concrete with 1.8% polypropylene fiber, with 0.5% polyester fiber, and a combination of both fibers. Each sample was evaluated for compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength. The results showed a notable improvement in all strength parameters with fiber inclusion, indicating that discrete fiber reinforcement significantly enhances the performance of concrete pavements.

Feracrylum –A Haemostatic Becomes a Boon for Treating Chronic Periodontitis In Patients Under Anti-Coagulant Therapy

2025-06-27T10:21:12+00:00

Background:Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of many origins that compromises tooth-supporting structures.(1,2) Patients with bleeding tendencies usually have compromised periodontal health.(1,2,3,4) While scaling and root planing (SRP) remains the main stay of non-surgical management, adjunctive drug delivery agents can enhance therapeutic outcomes. Patients with compromised bleeding and coagulation pathways are usually unable to receive optimum dental treatment often. Feracrylum, a lesser-explored topical hemostatic with antimicrobial properties, may be an ideal agent which can be utilized in such patients to provide supportive periodontal therapy.(3,4)

Aim:To determine the efficacy of Feracrylum in the management of chronic periodontitis, in patients under anti-coagulant therapy.

Materials and Methods:A total of 30 patients, undergoing anti-coagulant therapy, with associated chronic periodontitis were randomized into two groups, after acquiring informed consent and cardiologist consultation. Taking into account the dropouts in the study, the final count of patients in each group were as follows: Feracrylum (n=13) and Control (SRP + saline, n=12). Intervention was as follows, Feracrylum group, received oral prophylaxis and subingival irrigation of 1% Feracrylum, while the control group received saline irrigation. Both groups were advised regarding chemical plaque control with 1% feracrylum mouthwash and saline mouth rinse respectively. Clinical parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and modified sulcus bleeding index (MSBI) were recorded at baseline and one month post-treatment respectively. Subgingival plaque samples were tested for the presence of red complex organisms with BANA enzymatic test.

Results:The Feracrylum group exhibited a significant mean PPD reduction (1.4 mm), CAL gain (1 mm), and MSBI scores. BANA Test, scores were co-relative with the clinical findings indicating that feracrylum group clearly outperformed the placebo group (<0.05)

Conclusion: The results clearly indicate the significance of Feracrylum, in non-surgical Periodontal therapy, in patients undergoing anti-coagulant therapy for miscellaneous cardiovascular disorders

Precision in Practice: The Evolution of Patient-Specific Implants in Modern Surgery

2025-06-27T11:14:26+00:00

Background: Patient-specific implants (PSIs), represent an advanced method for reconstructive and aesthetic surgery, especially in complex areas like maxillofacial surgery. These implants are specifically made to match the unique three-dimensional contours of a patient's anatomy, addressing challenges that standard implants may not adequately resolve. Over the last decade, considerable advancements have been made in the development and production of PSIs for maxillofacial applications.

Aim: This narrative review was conducted to understand the indications of patient specific implants in the rehabilitation of different congenital and acquired maxillofacial defects, along with their benefits, drawbacks, fabrication process, manufacturing method and future perspectives.

Methods: An electronic search was performed on EBSCO, Medline/Pubmed and Cochrane Library databases for the articles published from April 2012 to February 2024 was used.

Results: A total of 22 articles were collected and they were used to formulate this review. Despite constraints, the design of patient-specific implants (PSIs) ensured accurate placement due to their intricate shape matching the anatomy of reconstructed areas and the inclusion of retention features. There were no significant complications during the postoperative phase.

Discussion: Craniomaxillofacial reconstruction, essential for treating conditions like tumors and trauma, addresses both functional and aesthetic concerns. It encompasses trauma, pathology, neoplasia, esthetics, gunshot injuries, and congenital anomalies. The alternative options for synthetic reconstruction has grown to facilitate single-stage procedures, avoiding donor site issues. Patient-specific implants (PSI) are pivotal, widely utilized in various oral and maxillofacial surgeries, including TMJ reconstruction, trauma, and orthognathic procedures. The adoption of 3D printed PSIs in craniomaxillofacial surgery has surged recently.

Conclusion: Maxillofacial surgery is difficult due to intricate anatomy and issues with conventional implants. Yet, patient-specific implants (PSIs) enabled by 3D printing have transformed the discipline. They bypass the need for donor sites, ensuring accurate reconstruction and stability, especially in challenging areas like cranioplasty and orbital fractures. Despite being costly and requiring specialized resources, PSIs reduce adjustments, and optimize results, making them invaluable despite some accessibility challenges

Hydration Status and Kidney Function – A Correlational Study on Water intake and Serum Creatinine levels

2025-06-27T11:21:46+00:00

Hydration plays a crucial role in maintaining renal function and overall homeostasis. Water intake directly affects kidney physiology, influencing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine concentration, and excretion of metabolic waste products, including serum creatinine (Cr). Serum creatinine is a widely used biomarker for kidney function, with elevated levels often indicating impaired renal clearance and potential kidney dysfunction. While dehydration can lead to increased serum creatinine levels due to reduced renal perfusion and lower GFR, excessive water intake may also impact kidney function by altering electrolyte balance and inducing dilutional effects. This study will contribute to the growing body of literature by analyzing hydration status in relation to serum creatinine levels, thereby providing insights into the potential implications of water intake on renal health. The findings may have significant clinical implications for individuals at risk of kidney dysfunction, including those with pre-existing renal conditions, the elderly, and individuals exposed to chronic dehydration

A Study on the Different Types of Breast Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Centre with Immunohistochemical and Molecular Correlation

2025-06-27T11:28:22+00:00

Background: Breast carcinoma represents a heterogeneous group of malignancies with diverse histological and molecular characteristics that significantly impact clinical management. Current diagnostic approaches integrate histopathological evaluation with immunohistochemical (IHC) profiling and molecular analysis to enable precise classification and personalized treatment strategies. This study aimed to characterize breast carcinoma subtypes in a tertiary care setting through comprehensive pathological and molecular correlation.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 30 histologically confirmed breast carcinoma cases. Clinicopathological parameters were recorded, and tumors were classified using WHO criteria. IHC analysis evaluated ER, PR, HER2/neu, and Ki-67 expression according to ASCO/CAP guidelines. HER2-equivocal cases underwent FISH confirmation. Molecular subtyping categorized tumors as Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, or triple-negative. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.

Results: The cohort demonstrated characteristic age distribution (60% patients aged 40-60 years) with predominance of invasive ductal carcinoma (80%). IHC profiling revealed ER positivity in 60%, PR in 50%, and HER2 overexpression in 16.7% of cases. Molecular subtyping identified Luminal B (33.3%) as most frequent, followed by Luminal A (26.7%) and triple-negative (26.7%) subtypes. FISH analysis resolved 50% of HER2-equivocal cases as positive. Significant associations emerged between molecular subtypes and tumor grade (p<0.05), with aggressive subtypes showing higher-grade morphology.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of integrated pathological and molecular characterization in breast carcinoma management. The observed predominance of Luminal B and triple-negative subtypes, along with their association with higher tumor grades, underscores the need for tailored therapeutic approaches. Findings emphasize the critical role of comprehensive biomarker testing, particularly in resolving diagnostically challenging cases, to optimize treatment strategies in diverse patient populations

A Survey on Factors Influencing Dysmenorrhea Among Women in Kanchipuram District Tamil Nadu

2025-06-27T11:33:35+00:00

Dysmenorrhea, a prevalent gynecological disorder characterized by painful menstrual cramps, often signals dysfunction within the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and may be associated with pelvic inflammation. It significantly affects the quality of life of young women and is influenced by various lifestyle, nutritional, and psychological factors . This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhea among college-aged women aged (19-26) years in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, and to identify the contributing factors such as dietary habits, sleep patterns, stress, skipping breakfast, part-time jobs, sleeping, genetic factors, being an athlete, age, profession, being vegetarian or non-vegetarian, fruit intake, fast food consumption, junk food consumption, age at first menstruation, having regular or irregular periods, and use of painkiller drugs were examined for their influence on dysmenorrhea among college students in Tamil Nadu. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire contains the demographic variables, menstrual history, severity of dysmenorrhea, and associated lifestyle factors including breakfast habits, fast food consumption, physical activity, and family history. Menstrual patterns were analyzed manually and with statistical tools. The results revealed that menstrual patterns in college going students were abnormal (41%) irregular periods (22%) and abnormal in bleeding (76%) were recorded. The present study concludes that the various factors like, skipping breakfast, food quality, part time job, sleeping, mental stress, fast food, junk food, and anemia were influencing Dysmenorrhea. The findings suggest that poor dietary habits, particularly breakfast skipping and fast-food intake, along with other modifiable lifestyle factors, are strongly associated with the prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhea. Health education and intervention programs focusing on nutrition and menstrual hygiene awareness are essential to improve reproductive health and quality of life among young women.

Knowledge, Awareness And Practice Among General Dental Practitioners In Navi Mumbai Regarding Rehabilitation With Full Coverage Restoration In Children.

2025-06-02T07:44:00+00:00

Background: Use of full coverage restoration in permanent teeth is well-known and highly used by dental practitioners as compared to primary teeth. Stainless steel crowns are an excellent option for restoring primary and young permanent teeth over conventional restorations.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was done among 260 general dental practitioners in Navi Mumbai selected by a random convenience sampling method. A self-administered, multiple-choice questionnaire, validated by 4 independent experts, was used for the data collection. 16 multiple-choice questions concerning knowledge and practice of use of crowns, tooth preparation, how often primary crowns are placed by them in the clinic, most common treatment rendered in children, any difficulty faced by them and most difficult aspect of it.

Result: 67.7% of the participants were females, while 32.3% were males. Out of the total participants, 79.2% treat children in their practice. 67.7% of the dentists did not have any additional qualification in pediatric dentistry. 42.9% treated 1–5 patients of the pediatric age group monthly, whereas 32.1% daily, and 25% weekly. 41.2% of them said they often call pediatric consultants. 89% of the participants commented that pulp therapy is the best treatment available for pulpally involved primary teeth, on the contrary 10.7% of them said extraction. The majority of dentists agreed to the necessity to restore pulpectomized teeth with a full coverage crown. Only 3.5% of dentists think that a stainless steel crown should not be given.

Conclusion: There was considerable variation in the knowledge and practices of the general practitioners. The study concludes that there is a need to enhance their understanding of full-coverage restorations in pediatric dental rehabilitation..

Analysis Of The Environmental Impacts Of Different Road Construction Materials And Techniques

2025-06-27T12:15:41+00:00

Road construction plays a vital role in economic development and connectivity, yet it poses significant environmental challenges. This paper, investigates the ecological, economic, and social impacts of various road-building practices. By utilizing life-cycle assessment (LCA), case studies, cost-benefit analysis (CBA), and stakeholder interviews, the study compares traditional materials like asphalt and concrete with sustainable alternatives such as permeable pavements, recycled aggregates, and low-carbon construction methods. Case studies from diverse geographic regions analyze the performance, environmental footprint, maintenance demands, and public perception of each material and technique. Tools like SimaPro are employed to quantify environmental costs including carbon emissions, water use, energy consumption, and pollution. Social and economic dimensions are examined through surveys and interviews with engineers, urban planners, and the public. The study also explores the barriers to adopting green technologies, such as regulatory constraints, cost concerns, and technical limitations. A key component of this research is Regional Variability Analysis, which assesses the effectiveness of different materials based on climate and local resources. Statistical methods such as ANOVA and thematic analysis are applied to evaluate quantitative and qualitative data. The expected outcome is a region-specific, sustainable framework to guide future road construction practices by balancing environmental protection with economic viability and social acceptance.

Assessment of Leadership Skills Among Nursing Faculty

2025-06-27T12:24:41+00:00

Background of the Study

Leadership is a cornerstone of effective nursing education. Nursing faculty not only impart knowledge but also serve as pivotal leaders who influence curriculum development, mentorship, policy-making, and institutional advancement. As academic leaders, they are responsible for cultivating a learning environment that promotes student engagement, critical thinking, and professional growth.

In the contemporary healthcare landscape, the complexity of patient care and the evolving demands of the profession necessitate that nursing educators possess strong leadership competencies. These competencies include communication, emotional intelligence, decision-making, conflict resolution, and the ability to inspire and lead change.

The dual role of faculty—as educators and institutional leaders—makes it essential to assess their leadership skills. Strong leadership among faculty promotes interdisciplinary collaboration, enhances faculty-student relationships, drives innovation in teaching methodologies, and supports the development of evidence-based practices. Moreover, faculty leadership directly influences student outcomes, faculty retention, and the overall reputation of nursing programs.

Despite its importance, leadership among nursing faculty is often under-assessed and undervalued, leading to gaps in development and performance. Understanding the current status of leadership skills among nursing faculty will help identify areas for professional development and inform strategies to strengthen educational and clinical leadership across institutions.

Development and Evaluation of Antifungal Novel Polyherbal Cream using Eucalyptus globulus and Ocimum tenuiflorum

2025-06-28T04:18:45+00:00

This study evaluates the phytochemical properties, organoleptic features, and antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus globulus and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), along with a formulation cream containing both oils. Phytochemical tests revealed that Ocimum tenuiflorum contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, while Eucalyptus globulus lacked alkaloids and flavonoids but contained terpenoids and saponins in both species. The formulation cream exhibited desirable organoleptic features such as a smooth texture, easy application, and non-irritancy, with a pH of 5.83. Antimicrobial activity was assessed through zones of inhibition against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. Eucalyptus globulus showed the highest activity against E. coli (22 mm), while the combination of both oils exhibited enhanced antifungal activity. The cream formulation displayed moderate antimicrobial activity, with zones of inhibition of 20 mm against E. coli and 18 mm against Candida albicans. These findings suggest that both oils have significant antimicrobial potential, with the cream formulation serving as a promising candidate for topical applications in skincare

Effect Of Jambeera Pinda Sweda In The Management Of Gridhrasi W. S. R To Low Back Pain A Pilot Study.

2025-06-28T06:05:34+00:00

Gridhrasi is a musculoskeletal condition which has affected large percentage of today’s population. It is characterized by features like Stamba,Ruk,Toda,Grihnati and Spandana starting from Sphik Purva to Pada[1]. Patients suffering from Gridhrasi may have restricted movements due to pain thus affecting their day-to-day activities. The present pilot study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Jambeera Pinda Sweda in Gridhrasi .In this study, Jambeera Pinda Sweda was selected as the treatment modality which was carried out for 7 days in 20 patients and assessment of each patient was done before treatment, after treatment (7 th day) and after follow up done after 30 days (37 th day). Significant improvement was noted in terms of both subjective and objective parameters and the results were analysed.

A Sustainable Approach To Oral Care: Formulation Of Herbal Toothpaste And Medicated Chewing Gum Using Eggshell Calcium And Clove Oil

2025-06-28T06:09:50+00:00

Herbal oral care products incorporating eggshell-derived calcium and clove oil were developed as a dual strategy for sustainable, therapeutic dental care. This work combines two formulations – a calcium-rich herbal toothpaste and a medicated chewing gum – both utilizing eggshell powder (as a natural calcium carbonate source) and clove oil (as an analgesic and antimicrobial agent). Eggshell waste, composed of ~95% calcium carbonate, was processed into a fine powder to serve as an abrasive and remineralizing component. Clove oil, rich in eugenol (~72–90% of oil content), provides potent antibacterial and pain-relieving properties for oral health. The toothpaste was formulated with eggshell powder alongside standard excipients, and the chewing gum was prepared using a gum base matrix incorporating eggshell-derived calcium and clove oil as the active ingredient. Both products were evaluated on physicochemical parameters, organoleptic properties, and performance benchmarks.

Results indicate that the optimal toothpaste batch achieved neutral pH, acceptable foaming (50 mL), smooth texture, and no sharp particles, while the leading chewing gum batch showed ideal chewing consistency (hardness ~4.5 kg/cm²), low moisture (<5%), minimal friability (<0.6%), and sustained clove flavor release. Table 1 compares key evaluation parameters of the formulations. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of repurposing eggshell waste into value-added oral care products and confirm that the combination of eggshell calcium and clove oil can yield effective, natural alternatives for dental hygiene. The

discussion addresses formulation challenges, highlights the role of eggshell calcium in remineralization and clove oil in oral therapeutics, and outlines the broader implications for sustainable product development.

Assessment Of Add-On Effect Of Matravasti With Sahacharadi Taila Along With Jambeera Pinda Sweda In Gridhrasi W. S. R To Low Back Pain

2025-06-28T06:16:36+00:00

Gridhrasi is one among the vatavyadhi which is characterized by stamba, ruk, toda, grihnati and spandana in sphik purva, kati prishta, uru, janu ,janga and pada[1].Nowadays, gridhrasi is commonly presented as low back pain radiating to legs. It is of great importance in the present scenario as the prevalence of low back pain has been increasing in the world population. A clinical study was conducted among 20 participants by dividing them into 2 groups consisting of 20 participnts each. To the participants in Group A, matravasti with sahacharadi taila was introduced along with jambeera pinda sweda and to the participants in Group B only jambeera pinda sweda was administered. Significant changes were noted in the observations and it was found that matra vasti with sahacharadi taila was effective in reducing the symptoms of gridhrasi along with jambeera pinda sweda.

Role of Catheter Directed Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Iliofemoral Deep Venous Thromboembolism

2025-06-28T06:48:03+00:00

Background: IlioFemoral Deep Venous Thromboembolism )DVT( accounts for around one-fourth of all instances of DVT . An endovascular treatment with minimally invasive procedures is catheter-directed thrombolysis CDT restoring venous patency, hastening the recovery of acute symptoms.

Objectives: to assess short term outcome of catheter directed thrombolytic therapy in acute ilioFemoral DVT treatment regarding improvement of clinical condition, assessment of benefits and hazards regarding utilizing CDT.

Methods: Clinically: evaluation of limb state tenderness, pain, edema during the hospitalized period. Radiologically: lower limb venous duplex to follow up the venous state and the time of thrombolytic therapy of the affected veins on admission and will be repeated after 1and 6 month Venography under C-arm after completion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) injection to follow up any residual part of DVT and assess vein patency after 2 days. Total 28 patients of acute (ilioFemoral DVT) was included in this study.

Results: This study showed that CDT is effective in treatment ilioFemoral DVT and giving better results than anticoagulant therapy. 92.6% of our patients had thrombus lysis while our bleeding complication rate of 17.9% with no mortality. Cases.

Conclusion: The early use of CDT immediately after onset of ilioFemoral DVT associated with satisfactory results in restoring normal venous patency and significant lowering post thrombotic complication

Gastrocnemius Musculocutaneous Chimeric Flap- A Study On The Use Of Differential Movement Of Muscle And Skin

2025-06-28T06:55:40+00:00

Background: Gastrocnemius muscle flap is commonly used flap for reconstruction of defects around the knee. Defects bigger than the width of the flap would require a second flap or a free flap. We have tried to use the gastrocnemius musculocutaneous flap using differential movement of the muscle and skin to improve the area of the defect that can be covered.

Aim: To study the differential movements of skin and muscle of the gastrocnemius musculocutaneous flap.

Methodology: It was a retrospective case record analysis at a tertiary care hospital conducted between Jan 2016 to Dec 2019. We had 5 cases who underwent the gastrocnemius musculocutaneous flap with differential movement of the muscle and the skin. We used the skin which was laterally advanced, propelled at varying angles to cover the defect.

Results: We had 5 cases with the flap. All the flaps survived. We had propeller flaps in 4 cases and lateral advancement in 1 case. All our flaps survived.

Conclusion: Gastrocnemius Musculocutaneous flap can be better utilized with a chimeric principle and using the differential movement. This allows better movement and increases in surface area of the flap. The flap is easy to harvest, ability to cover large surface area, no dog ears as in Musculo-cutaneous flaps, movement of the fascio-cutaneous flap by advancement, or propel the flap if a single perforator can reliably support the vascularity.

The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Hematological Parameters in Adult Female Students of Peshawar Medical and Dental College

2025-06-28T07:01:05+00:00

Background: Obesity has become increasingly prevalent globally, associated with chronic inflammation, which contributes to conditions like atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Hematological parameters (such as Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, RBC, WBC, and Platelets) are indicative of physiological status and could potentially correlate with obesity.

Objective: To determine how BMI categories relate to hematological parameters in young female medical and dental students.

Methodology: Study Design: Cross-sectional study conducted at Peshawar Medical and Dental Colleges from July to December 2022. Population: Female students aged 18-25 years, totaling 231 participants, chosen by convenience sampling. Procedure: After informed consent, participants completed a questionnaire, and anthropometric assessments (height and weight) were conducted to calculate BMI. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hematological parameters. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21, with p-values <0.05 considered significant.

Results: The study sample had a mean age of 21.83 ± 1.41 years, with an average height of 165.48 ± 4.88 cm and mean weight of 62.16 ± 8.26 kg. The mean BMI was calculated as 22.78 ± 3.54 kg/m². The mean Hemoglobin and Hematocrit levels were both 12.89 ± 1.15. The mean Red Blood Cell (RBC) count was 4.42 ± 0.38, White Blood Cell (WBC) count was 9007.88 ± 1710.79, and the mean Platelet count was 237476.19 ± 77515.21. Conclusion: Significant differences were found between BMI categories and Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (HCT), WBC, and Platelets. RBC did not show significant association. Higher BMI is linked to lower levels of Hemoglobin and Hematocrit. Strong positive correlations were observed between BMI and WBC as well as Platelet count.

An Instructional Approch To Computer Assisted Language Learning Enhaced Classroom Activities Based On Commuity Language Learning

2025-06-28T07:40:26+00:00

Advancements in science and technology often have a profound and widespread impact, bringing revolutionary changes to many fields. Recently, developments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have significantly transformed the way education is delivered. English Language Teaching (ELT) has particularly benefited from these advancements, gaining new teaching aids and tools. This progress led to the emergence of a discipline known as Computer Assisted Language Learning and Teaching (CALL/CALT) in the latter half of the twentieth century, which has since become well established. As CALL continues to evolve, there is a high demand for research to address various emerging challenges. This article focuses on CALL, aiming to explore the potential for designing CALL-enhanced classroom activities within an existing curriculum.

Stability-Indicating UPLC Method Development and ICH Validation for Quantitative Estimation of Sulphacetamide in Injectable Dosage Forms

2025-06-28T07:46:56+00:00

Background: Stability-indicating analytical methods are essential for ensuring drug quality and regulatory compliance. Sulphacetamide, a sulfonamide antibiotic, is used widely in parenteral formulations for bacterial infections. This study focuses on developing and validating a rapid, accurate, and stability-indicating UPLC method for the quantification of Sulphacetamide in parenteral dosage forms.

Methods: The method was validated in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) guidelines using UPLC systems. Key parameters evaluated included accuracy (at 50%, 100%, and 150% levels), system and method precision, linearity (10–200 µg/mL), robustness (flow rate, temperature, wavelength), ruggedness, and sensitivity (LOD and LOQ).

Results: The method demonstrated excellent precision (method %RSD: 0.01%), high accuracy (recoveries: 99.11–99.55%), and strong linearity (R² = 0.9968). Robustness tests showed minimal variation (%RSD: 0.13–0.16%), while ruggedness confirmed consistent results across instruments and days. The method yielded recoveries between 99.11% and 99.55%, with %RSD ≤ 0.25%, R² = 0.9968.

Conclusion: This validated UPLC method is rapid, sensitive, and robust for routine quantification of Sulphacetamide in parenteral formulations. Its reproducibility and stability-indicating capability make it suitable for pharmaceutical quality control and potential pharmacokinetic research

Hypovolemic Shock in pregnancy secondary to DKA with superimposed Sepsis: Dilemmas and clinical patient safety pathways are critical components to prevent Maternal and Neonatal mortality: A Case Report

2025-06-28T09:26:38+00:00

We want to report a case of a 26-year-old primigravida at 31 weeks with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (BMI 31) who was admitted for persistent vomiting and fever and diagnosed with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). In the ICU, she developed a right breast abscess, worsening metabolic acidosis, and septic shock, requiring mechanical ventilation and inotropes. The patient landed in Hypernatremia, making the multidisciplinary team switch from normal saline to Plasmalyte. Due to hemodynamic instability, a Category I cesarean section under general anesthesia was performed, delivering a 1.64 kg baby girl (APGAR 5/6/6). Post-delivery, she received intensive care, and the abscess was drained. Quick management and decisive actions, including reconsidering fluid therapy and timely C-section, were crucial to the rapid improvement, averting double jeopardy and imminent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Both mother and baby gradually recovered in the ICU, bonding via.

Efficacy Of Intracanal Cryotherapy In Reducing Post-Endodontic Pain As Compared To Steroids

2025-06-28T09:33:31+00:00

Introduction: Post-endodontic pain remains a frequent complication following root canal therapy, influenced by mechanical, microbial, and chemical factors. Traditional pharmacologic agents such as steroids have proven efficacy in pain mitigation; however, concerns regarding systemic side effects have encouraged exploration of alternative modalities. Cryotherapy, a non-pharmacologic technique utilizing cold saline irrigation, has shown promise in reducing inflammation and associated pain by inducing vasoconstriction and suppressing inflammatory mediators.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42024564263). Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies comparing intracanal cryotherapy and steroids in post-endodontic pain reduction. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials assessing pain using standardized scales (VAS/NRS). Quality appraisal was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results: Twelve RCTs with 1,383 participants were included. Cryotherapy significantly reduced postoperative pain at 24–72 hours compared to steroids or control (mean VAS difference = –1.12; 95% CI: –1.45 to –0.79; I² = 45%). Subgroup analysis showed similar effectiveness for intracanal and intraoral cryotherapy. Minimal side effects were reported. The steroid groups also demonstrated pain reduction, but were associated with potential systemic risks and variability in application.

Conclusion: Cryotherapy is a clinically effective and safe alternative to steroids for reducing post-endodontic pain. Its localized, non-invasive approach, minimal adverse effects, and simplicity of application make it an appealing adjunct in endodontic pain management. Further trials are needed to refine protocols and confirm long-term benefits.

Face Detection Under Low-Light and Low-Resolution Conditions Using Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization and a Modified Convolutional Neural Network

2025-06-28T10:08:56+00:00

Background: Face detection in low-light, low-resolution images remains challenging due to poor contrast, noise, and limited detail. This study proposes a hybrid model using CLAHE with a deep CNN, optimised for robust face detection under such adverse conditions.

Methods: This research proposes a hybrid model integrating CLAHE-based preprocessing with a modified deep CNN for face detection. CLAHE enhances contrast in dark scenes while controlling noise. The Viola-Jones cascade generates candidate face regions, refined by a custom CNN with optimised kernels, batch normalisation, and Spatial Pyramid Pooling for scale invariance. Non-maximum suppression (IoU > 0.5) removes duplicates. The model is trained on WIDER FACE, Dark Face, and additional low-light images, and evaluated on standard benchmarks that focus on low-light and low-resolution accuracy.

Results: The hybrid model achieved a 94.5% face detection rate on extremely low-light, low-resolution images, outperforming YOLOv3, MTCNN, and RetinaFace. On the Dark Face dataset, it showed a higher True Positive Rate and a lower False Positive Rate. The model runs at 12 FPS on CPU, twice as fast as MTCNN, while maintaining superior accuracy. The confusion matrix (Figure 3) shows 94.5% True Positives and 3% False Positives.

Conclusion: CLAHE-enhanced images, combined with a robust modified CNN, enable accurate 94 to 95% face detection in low-light, low-resolution conditions. The hybrid model is well-suited for real-world applications, such as night-time surveillance and mobile devices.

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Innovations in Surgery: Literature Overview

2025-06-28T10:14:04+00:00

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is improving the field of surgery by boosting precision, better decision-making, and leading to better patient results. This analysis studies the different roles of AI in every part of surgery, such as before, during, and after an operation, including changes, medical benefits, and ethical points.

At the onset, AI collects data from scans, records, and analyzes genomics to plan which treatment will work best for each patient. With machine learning, doctors can decide which approach is best and expect possible issues, and computer vision helps them correctly map the person’s anatomy. Deep neural networks are as effective as specialist radiologists and dermatologists, creating a model for support in surgical decisions.

While a surgical procedure is underway, features of AI are brought together with robotics, such as da Vinci’s system, to make surgery more precise, stable, and clear. With live computer vision and sensor readings, specialists are able to locate main structures and control surgical tools with close accuracy. AI technology making it possible to stitch with aids and to respond to a surgeon’s gestures highlights the capabilities of semi-autonomous surgical methods. Using NLP (Natural Language Processing) patients can access patient information simply by speaking, which makes things more convenient and stress-free.

Patients’ recovery is supported by devices and sensors that screen for early signs of issues such as infection or bleeding. These models make it possible to treat patients earlier, guide them on how to recover, and cut down on readmission cases.

But, using AI in healthcare can cause many difficulties. Because many models are not explainable, this raises questions about how informed patients are and how liable the people involved are in the clinical setting. If the training data contains bias, it often leads to unfair results, mostly for underserved groups. High prices for installing and using these technologies may make it difficult to use them in areas with few resources.

AI-based technology should be thoroughly tested and tested by doctors to guarantee a safe and equal adoption. Having set ethical standards and clear rules is important for responsible development. AI should rather strengthen than take away from what surgeons already contribute with their experience, understanding, and wise decisions.

All in all, AI looks likely to make surgery more accurate, safer, and tailored to each patient. It is necessary to strike a good balance between technological growth and the values important in surgical care to make use of this potential.

Banana Stem and Prolactin: A Dietary Intervention for Postnatal Mothers

2025-06-28T10:24:42+00:00

Breastfeeding is accepted as the best food for newborn babies and it is recommended by many experts and organisations like WHO and UNICEF. Although breastfeeding is the ideal practice, numerous mothers fail to do due to lactation problems and insufficient breastmilk production is one among them. The current study aims to identify the effects of banana stem diet on blood prolactin levels (BPL) for the postnatal mothers and to assess their satisfaction level after the intervention with nursing care provided. Methods: The study included 100 postnatal mother who has undergone vaginal delivery. Quasi experimental study was adopted and selected only 4th-day postnatal mothers with lactation problem. Data was collected in two phases: first phase was screening and then follow by home visit and intervention was provided for one week. BPL was checked before and after the administration of the intervention. The experimental group receive standardised diet where as the control group receive a routine diet. Result: The study found that a banana stem-based diet significantly increased BPL in postnatal mothers. The experimental group has shown a greater significant compare to the control group with (t = 12.64, p < 0.001). These results support the effectiveness of banana stem as an effective dietary intervention to enhance lactation.

Development and In-Vitro Characterization of Transdermal Delivery Carrier Niosomal Gel of Low Oral Bioavailability Drug Pravastatin Sodium

2025-06-28T10:37:06+00:00

Pravastatin sodium, a widely prescribed HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, suffers from poor oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism and limited intestinal permeability. To overcome these limitations, the present study focuses on the development and in-vitro characterization of a transdermal delivery system in the form of a niosomal gel. Niosomes, non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles, were prepared using the thin-film hydration technique with varying ratios of Span 60 and cholesterol. The optimized niosomal formulations were incorporated into a Carbopol 934 gel base to obtain the final niosomal gel formulations. These formulations were evaluated for physicochemical parameters such as pH, viscosity, spread ability, homogeneity, and drug content, which were found to be within acceptable ranges for topical application. In-vitro drug release studies using Franz diffusion cells demonstrated a sustained release profile over 24 hours. The optimized formulation, G2DPN14, showed the highest cumulative drug release (96.95%), followed by G3DPN14 (81.17%), significantly outperforming the control gel. The release kinetics of G2DPN14 followed Higuchi’s model, indicating a diffusion-controlled mechanism. The enhanced release and stability of the drug within the gel matrix suggest effective encapsulation and prolonged drug delivery potential. Overall, the study confirms that pravastatin sodium-loaded niosomal gel is a promising approach for transdermal drug delivery, offering advantages such as bypassing first-pass metabolism, prolonged release, and improved patient compliance. Future in-vivo and clinical studies are warranted to establish its therapeutic efficacy and safety for the management of hyperlipidaemia and associated cardiovascular conditions.

Experimental Study on Joint of HDPE Pipe with and Without GEO-GRID as Reinforcement

2025-06-28T11:00:45+00:00

A variety of buried pipe infrastructure is needed to service the needs of our communities. The conduit surrounded by soil is both loaded and supported by the earth and pore water. However the conditions considered in this work pertains to only earth pressure and not poor water pressure. The pipes are broadly classified as Rigid and Flexible. The aim of this project is to study deflection behavior of flexible pipe (HDPE) at the joint.: The experiment was carried out for 4 sets of reading at two different levels (0.4m and 0.8m) of burial with and without Geo-grids at both levels using an experimental set up of model trench (Fabricated steel tank) with desirable material as bedding and backfill, loading provisions to provide uniform loading. The basic concept behind the experiment involves measuring the deflection values of the pipe for different readings using proving ring and dial gauge.: In addition to this, this project aims to study the load deformation behavior of the buried pipe across the cross section (both crown and springing line) of the joints under uniform loading when soil is reinforced with geo-grid reinforcement, and evaluate the structural performance of the pipe and compare the results with theoretical results and infer the findings. Based on the conclusions, various recommendations can be made, in terms of the pipe’s application in place of Conventional pipes and thereby reduce risk of leakage, damage and also compensating the cost of pipe systems, economically as the joints in pipeline are the weakest and most vulnerable.

India’s International Commitment Towards Her Children

2025-06-28T11:07:23+00:00

The 5th edition of the World Congress on Justice with Children held in Madrid, Spain was concluded on 4th June 2025. The theme of the event was “Advancing Child-Centred Justice: Preventing and Responding to Violence Affecting Children in the Child Justice Systems.” This event brought together global experts, policymakers, judges, legal professionals, academics, civil society members, children and youth to address the theme of the congress. However, few days after this mega event on 23rd June 2025 one of India's most renowned newspapers, the Times of India, published a report prepared by the voluntary organization India Child Protection. The data presented in this report was shocking and stirred the conscience of both Indians and the international community. This prompted my focus on the research regarding “India’s International Commitment Towards Her Children.” The aim of this study is to verify whether India has agreed to and ratified international agreements concerning children, as well as to assess if its domestic laws align with these agreements.

Improving Bioavailability and Solubility of Poorly Soluble Drugs- A systematic review

2025-06-28T11:31:11+00:00

Poor solubility is one of the primary reasons for the failure of new drug formulations to reach the market. In fact, a large proportion of new chemical entities (NCEs) exhibit poor water solubility, which limits their absorption and bioavailability. Bioavailability is the fraction of the administered dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available at its site of action. Poor bioavailability can result from a variety of factors, including poor solubility, extensive first-pass metabolism, instability of the molecule in circulation and the properties of the drug molecule itself. Enhancing the solubility of poorly soluble drugs is, therefore, a major focus of pharmaceutical research, as it directly impacts their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. In this review we summarize the strategies and techniques used to improve the bioavailability and solubility of poorly soluble drug molecules and formulations. These include both physical and chemical modifications to drug formulations, as well as new technologies such as nanotechnology. By improving solubility, it is possible to enhance the drug's absorption, thereby increasing bioavailability. Various methods such as salt formation, the use of surfactants, lipid-based drug delivery systems, solid dispersion techniques, and nanocrystal formulations are discussed. Finally, the challenges associated with each strategy, as well as future directions in this field, are considered.

Prevalence of Mandibular Fractures, Maxillary Prognathism and Irreversible Pulpits in a known population

2025-06-30T05:08:36+00:00

Background: This study was conducted to assess the Prevalence of Mandibular Fractures, Maxillary Prognathism and Irreversible Pulpits in a known population.

Material and methods: This study comprised of 100 subjects who underwent oral clinical examination. The goal of the study was to assess the prevalence of mandibular fractures, maxillary prognathism and irreversible pulpitis. The study procedure had been explained to all the subjects and the patients had been asked to give consent. All the subjects agreed to sign the consent form and hence all had been involved in the trial. The demographic characteristics of the patients were recorded and the prevalence of the above-mentioned conditions had been tabulated. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software.

Results: In this study, there were 35 cases of mandible fracture, 16 cases of maxillary prognathism and 49 cases of irreversible pulpitis. Hence, the prevalence of mandibular fractures, maxillary prognathism and irreversible pulpitis was 35%, 16% and 49%, respectively. There were 20 males and 15 females in group 1. Group 2 comprised of 10 males and 6 females. There were 26 males and 23 females in group 3. Overall, there were 56 males and 44 females in the trial.

Conclusion: The prevalence of mandibular fractures, maxillary prognathism and irreversible pulpitis was 35%, 16% and 49%, respectively.

Prognostic Factor Of Local Recurrence, Metastasis, And Survival Rate In Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Lip, Ear, Skin And Comparison Of Retreatment Rotary Files And Ultrasonics For Removing Gutta Percha

2025-06-30T05:14:59+00:00

Background: This study was conducted to assess the prognostic factors of local recurrence, metastasis, and survival rate in squamous cell carcinoma of the lip, ear, skin and comparison of retreatment rotary files and ultrasonics for removing gutta percha.

Material and methods: In this study, there were 50 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 50 mandibular premolars with single canal for removing gutta percha had been gathered. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic factors for recurrence, metastasis and survival rate of squamous cell carcinoma of ear, skin and lips. The other goal of this study was to assess the comparison of retreatment rotary files and ultrasonics for removing gutta percha. The findings of the carcinoma cases had been studied and tabulated. For retreatment, two groups were made based on the technique of removing gutta percha. The first group comprised of 25 teeth in which ultrasonics were used and the 2^nd group comprised of 25 cases in which Neo Endo retreatment rotary files were used. After cleaning all the teeth with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, the canals were dried and obturation was done using AH Plus sealer. Neo endo retreatment files and ultrasonics were used to remove the gutta percha. To assess the remaining restoration material in the canals, stereomicroscopic evaluation was done under 100x magnification. The findings had been tabulated. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software.

Results: Tumor size of over 2 cm was seen in 21 cases. This was the most common prognostic factor for recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma. Depth of invasion of over 14 mm was seen in 14 cases. Undifferentiated tumors were also one of the reasons in 11 cases. Perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion were seen in 5 and 1 case, respectively. It was observed that no modality removed the entire gutta percha from the canal. However, ultrasonics removed more amount of material form the canal in comparison to Neo Endo retreatment rotary files.

Conclusion: The chief prognostic factor for recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of, ear and akin was found to be the larger tumor size. Other factors were perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, depth of invasion and undifferentiated tumor. For removing the gutta percha, ultrasonics proved to be better than retreatment rotary files as the remaining amount of material was more when it was removed using retreatment rotary files.

Evaluating Pain Relief Using Total Pain Relief (Totpar) In Operative Orthopedic Patients

2025-06-30T06:39:06+00:00

Background: Postoperative pain is a major concern for orthopedic patients, as it can delay recovery and prolong rehabilitation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pain relief using the Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR) score in postoperative orthopedic patients. Additionally, it aimed to analyze the role of multimodal analgesia in improving pain management and enhancing recovery outcomes.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted involving 148 patients who underwent various orthopedic surgeries. Pain levels were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the TOTPAR score over a 48-hour period following surgery. Standardized analgesic regimens, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids (e.g., tramadol), and adjunctive therapies, were administered to manage postoperative pain. The effectiveness of these analgesic treatments was measured by changes in NRS and TOTPAR scores.

Results: The study found a significant reduction in postoperative pain intensity. NRS scores decreased from a mean of 7.77±0.72 before treatment to 6.66±0.71 after treatment, indicating notable pain relief. The TOTPAR scores showed consistent improvement, rising from a baseline of 0.24±1.71 to 32.14±6.13 at 48 hours, further demonstrating the effectiveness of pain management. NSAIDs were the most commonly used analgesics, followed by tramadol and other adjuncts, supporting the role of multimodal analgesia in postoperative pain relief. However, no significant correlation was found between the TOTPAR score and the length of hospital stay, suggesting that factors other than pain relief may influence recovery duration.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the TOTPAR score is a reliable and comprehensive tool for evaluating postoperative pain relief in orthopedic patients. The findings underscore the importance of individualized pain management strategies and the effectiveness of multimodal analgesia in optimizing pain control and improving recovery outcomes. By utilizing a combination of analgesic approaches, healthcare providers can better address postoperative pain and enhance the patient experience during recovery.

An Examination of Dental Prostheses as Tools for Individual Identification

2025-06-30T06:52:35+00:00

Dentistry offers significant support to law enforcement in the detection and resolution of crimes, as well as in clinical proceedings. Prosthodontics, as a specialised branch, can play a crucial role in identifying individuals. Dental prostheses can serve as valuable tools in identifying individuals who have lost their memory, are in unconscious states, or in recognising the bodies of those who have died in accidents, disasters, or natural calamities. Forensic odontology plays a vital role in identifying individuals in cases involving criminal investigations, mass disasters, or unrecognisable remains. Among the various tools available to forensic experts, dental prostheses have emerged as significant identifiers. Prosthodontics, a specialized branch of dentistry, provides unique markers through customized prosthetic devices such as dentures, bridges, and implants. These dental appliances, when appropriately marked or labeled, can offer critical information regarding a person's identity, especially in cases of memory loss, unconsciousness, or fatalities in accidents and natural calamities. This review aims to explore the forensic relevance of dental prostheses, their identification potential, and the methods used for labelling and recording them. Dental prostheses, such as dentures, crowns, bridges, and implants, are not only functional replacements for missing oral structures but can also serve as valuable forensic tools. In forensic dentistry, these prosthetic devices can carry unique identifiers such as serial numbers, embedded barcodes, or customised inscriptions, aiding in the identification of unknown individuals, especially in cases involving trauma, memory loss, unconsciousness, or mass disasters. This paper examines the role of dental prostheses in individual identification and discusses various methods used to mark and record these devices for forensic and clinical purposes. Dentistry offers significant support to law enforcement in the detection and resolution of crimes, as well as in clinical proceedings. Prosthodontics, as a specialised branch, can play a crucial role in the identification of individuals. Dental prostheses can serve as valuable tools in identifying individuals who have lost their memory, are in unconscious states, or in recognising the bodies of those who have died in accidents, disasters, or natural calamities.

Global Research Trends on C-Reactive Protein and Periodontitis: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis

2025-06-30T07:03:42+00:00

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which leads to the progressive destruction of periodontal tissues and is linked to elevated CRP levels in researches. This bibliometric analysis focuses on research landscape indexed in PubMed from 2004 to 2024.

Methods: Articles were extracted from PubMed, and bibliometric data, including titles, authors, institutions, and keywords, were analysed using R programming and R Studio. The search strategy included terms related to periodontitis and CRP.

Results: A total of 231 documents were identified, reflecting significant contributions from the University of Pisa and the University of Catania. Key journals included the Journal of Clinical Periodontology and the Journal of Periodontology. Prominent authors were D’Aiuto F, Orlandi M, and Offenbacher S.

Conclusion: The study highlights the research on CRP and periodontitis, with notable contributions from leading researchers and institutions. It underscores the importance of CRP as a systemic inflammatory marker and its association with periodontitis.

Energy Efficient Multi-Sink Hybrid Data gathering Framework for Smart Agriculture Monitoring System in Wireless Sensor Network

2025-06-30T07:20:27+00:00

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a key emerging technology helps in providing efficient and reliable solutions for modernizing agricultural farming with minimal Human involvement. This approach has become more defined and evidence-based data gathering approach in refining throughput by elevating usage of resource. The proposed approach presents a Multi-Sink Hybrid Data-gathering WSN-based framework for the smart agriculture Monitoring system with minimal energy consumption. At first, anptimized node deployment strategy is used to divide the sensing field into logical cells. Each cell has a leader node designed for sensing and communication activity. The primary objective of the projected approach is to reduce traffic overhead while monitoring sensing entities like temperature, soil moisture, and humidity of the soil for irrigation thereby minimizing energy conservation of the sensor network. Over the years small sensor nodes have been designed to monitor environmental conditions to reduce energy consumption. The adoption of new clustering technology & optimization of routing protocols led to an increase in the battery lifetime in WSN. The proposed framework adopts a load balancing scheme, the Silent and Zero Start (SZS) approach exploits redundant data communication to increase energy conservation. We also adopted a modified acknowledgment scheme that helps to achieve reliability during communication. The performance analysis of the proposed framework shows a better result than some existing smart agriculture monitoring systems

Pattern of Non-Strabismic Binocular Vision Dysfunctions among Undergraduate Engineering Students of Vivekananda Global University

2025-06-30T09:26:26+00:00

Background: - Our eyes work together binocularly when they are functioning normally. This allows our eyes to view a single image instead of two separate ones. Patients without strabismus who have non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction (NSBVD) have a visual disorder in which one eye's line of sight is somewhat off-alignment with the other eye's line of sight. The eye muscles are under a lot of strain since they are always attempting to adjust the alignment in order to attain single focus vision [2]. Many people suffer from binocular vision abnormalities that go undetected. Ocular and binocular dysfunction that is not recognized can cause discomfort, which can hinder clinical training and academic achievement.

Method: -The cross sectional based study was conducted at Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, among 190 undergraduates engineering student. CISS score was measured in all the cases. VA for distance, Stereopsis, cover test at far and near were performed. Near point of convergence (NPC), amplitude of accommodation, positive and negative fusional vergence in near and distance, monocular and binocular accommodation facility, positive and negative relative accommodation, monocular estimation method (MEM) and AC/A ratio were evaluated in all participants.

Results: -The mean age of the participants was 21.44 ±1.523 ranging from 18 to 26 years of which 75.78% (144) were male and 24.22% (46) were females. And according to the symptom score 62.10% (118) were found being symptomatic and 37.90% (42) were found to being asymptomatic. The percentage of NSBVD was 71.06% among undergraduate engineering students of VGU. Out of 135 participants, 48 of them had accommodative anomaly and 87 of them had vergence anomaly. The prevalence of vergence anomaly was greater than accommodative anomaly. The highest percentage of NSBVD was observed for CI (22.10%) followed by AE (17.89%), FVD (14.73%), AI (6.31%), CE (4.21%), DE (3.15%), Basic exophoria (1.57%) and Accommodative Infacility (1.05%).

Conclusion: - This study shows that among the engineering students in the chosen sample, accommodative and vergence disorders are highly prevalent. These early findings suggest that better knowledge, diagnosis, and treatment of binocular dysfunctions are required. If an accommodative or vergence issue is discovered, prompt and efficient therapy should be recommended. Student will be able to reach their maximum potential if NSBVD is identified and treated promptly

Sensitive chromogenic method development and validation for the estimation of Vitamin A in the Food and Cosmetics Products

2025-06-30T09:34:04+00:00

Vitamin A which is Retinol Acetate this is simple ,rapid, Quantifying method of vitamin A of different products to make reacting with MBTH reagent at a cold temperature to produce a colored complex which is the basis of an easy-to use and highly sensitive UV-visible spectroscopic approach for the measurement of Vitamin. For colorimetric drug assessment, MBTH Reagent is a chromogenic reagent that contains active methylene groups, phenolic, aromatic amines, and hydroxyl groups. To determine the linearity, precision, robustness, robustness, limit of detection, and limit of quantification, validation was done. A simple, rapid, sensitive methods are used for the determination of Retinol acetate that is added in the food products by using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The method is developed by using chromogenic method (MBTH reagent) according to the ICH Q2(R2) guidelines and With an excellent correlation value (r2) of 0.9988, linear responses were observed in the range of concentrations of 20 µg/ml to 360 µg/ml. The LOD and LOQ were determined at 0.40788 μg/mL & 1.236 µg/ml, respectively.The precision (%RSD ≤ 2) found to be in acceptable limits. The chromogenic method were developed and validated which was extended to food samples that contain high amount of Vitamin A and Quantification of them in food samples

Barriers to patient safety culture: Insights from Frontline Healthcare workers

2025-06-30T10:11:31+00:00

This paper examines the important roadblocks to patient safety culture using the reflections of frontline medical professionals. The main objective was to determine what is sabotaging the safety culture practice in the clinical environment. In the review of 34 peer-reviewed sources, the study examined the issues within six dimensions: communication failures, the fear of blaming, workloads, inadequate staffing, ineffective training, and employee-driven solutions. The main implications include consistent underreporting that is driven by a punitive culture, decay of skills because rare training and safety violations caused by staff overloads. It is stated that leadership involvement, reinforcement of behaviour-based safety, and training, depending on the context, should be encouraged. This study can add to the already existing body of research promoting the engagement of the front line and systemic change to ensure sustainable changes in patient safety culture.

Formulation And Evaluation of Allylamine Agent For Nail Preparation For Management Of Fungal Infection

2025-06-30T10:18:03+00:00

In this research, a medicated antifungal nail polish containing Terbinafine and Clobetasol propionate was developed. Long-term, sustained release of Terbinafine and Clobetasol propionate was investigated in the hopes of lowering the frequency of dosing. Toenail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is quite common. Infection with dermatophytes, Candida, or non-dermatophytic molds can lead to onychomycosis. In terms of non-volatile content, drug release, drug content estimate, and inhibitory zone, the optimum formulation was a nail lacquer comprising 1-2 percent Terbinafine and Clobetasol propionate, as well as 3 percent ethyl cellulose. Up to 48 hours after administration, 98.12% of the drug was still active. FTIR tests confirmed that the drug and excipient were safe to use together. It was expected that this would improve clinical efficacy and patient compliance. The nail polish formulations were created by simply combining the necessary ingredients together, and then evaluated for non-volatile content, flowability, drug diffusion studies, and an estimate of the drug content. The selected optimized formulation, F4, showed no significant change in initial attributes throughout a month-long accelerated stability analysis performed at 40-20°C in accordance with ICH norms. The development and deployment of these systems pose no known dangers. Antifungal nail lacquer is a potential novel dosage form in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries.

Human Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis on Pesticides Exposure

2025-06-30T10:25:47+00:00

The gut microbiome refers to the vast community of microorganisms—mainly bacteria, but also viruses, fungi, archaea, and protozoa—that inhabit the digestive tract, primarily the intestines. These microbes form a complex ecosystem that interacts with our body, influencing digestion, metabolism, immune function, and even aspects of mental health. Dysbiosis means the loss of balance. The gut microbiota dysbiosis happens with their loss due to creating negative environment. It happens with many reasons. One of the major causes of gut microbiota dysbiosis is exposure on pesticides used in the fields. The pesticides in agricultural practices have raised concerns about its potential health effects on humans. This study explores the intricate relationship between pesticide exposure and its detrimental impact on the gastrointestinal microbiome.

Validation of the Novel QSAR-SBDD Integrated Methodology in Quest To Develop NCES as Antitubercular Agents

2025-06-30T10:30:27+00:00

A novel hybrid methodology combining Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) and Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD) methodologies has been established for the identification of new antitubercular medicines. This comprehensive technique resulted in the development of a predictive QSAR model characterized by five essential parameters: the amino acid residues Glu65, Ala66, Phe69, the water molecule HOH2018, and an indicator variable. Validation of the model using a structurally heterogeneous external dataset resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.79, indicating robust prediction performance. Structural and binding research highlighted the essential significance of stereochemistry in ligand-target interactions, with Glu65 identified as the most significant residue influencing both binding affinity and biological activity. These findings underscore the efficacy of the QSAR-SBDD integration and offer a logical framework for the development of effective and selective antitubercular agents.

Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Fexofenadine HCl Nano Lipid Based Formulation

2025-06-30T10:34:44+00:00

Introduction: Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC’s) are second-generation lipid nanoparticles that are used as alternative colloidal drug carriers. Fexofenadine HCl, is a long-acting antihistamine that is used to treat annual hay fever, angioedema and chronic autoimmune hives.

Methods: Fexofenadine NLC was prepared using the ultra-sonication method followed by hot homogenization. Total six formulations were developed. All the formulations were evaluated for particle size analysis, encapsulation efficiency and drug release studies. The physical stability was conducted on optimized formulation for 3 months.

Results: The particle size of all the formulations was found in the range of 124± 0.12 to 231.4± 0.12 nm. The PDI was ranged between 0.204 ±0.002 to 0.273± 0.001. The zeta potential values for all the NLC formulations were found to be within the range of -22.21± 2.23 to -28.17± 1.31. Based on the physicochemical properties, F6 formulation was selected as the optimized formulation.

Conclusion: Fexofenadine NLC was developed using ultrasonication method and hot homogenization. The optimized formulation (F6) showed highest encapsulation efficiency, drug release and was stable for 3 months.

Formulation and Evaluation of Nanoemulsion for Topical Application

2025-06-30T10:38:36+00:00

Advanced drug delivery methods known as nanoemulsions are distinguished by their minuscule droplet sizes, which are usually between 20 and 200 nanometers. These submicron emulsions have shown great promise as topical drug delivery vehicles, especially for medications with low solubility in water. When applied to the skin, their distinct physicochemical characteristics—such as high surface area, optical transparency, kinetic stability, and improved permeation—can greatly increase the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of lipophilic medications.

The different formulation and assessment characteristics of nanoemulsions meant for topical administration are the main topics of this review paper. In order to determine the stability, droplet size, and drug loading efficiency of the nanoemulsion, it examines the strategic selection of formulation ingredients such as oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants. The preparation processes are covered in detail, with a focus on high-energy and low-energy emulsification methods and their significance in reaching the appropriate droplet size and stability profile.

To assess the caliber and functionality of the created formulations, characterization methods including droplet size analysis, zeta potential measurement, pH determination, viscosity testing, and thermodynamic stability investigations are examined. In order to validate the effectiveness and safety of topical nanoemulsions, the study also highlights in vitro and in vivo evaluation metrics such drug release profiles, skin permeation tests, and skin irritation assessments.

The ultimate goal of this analysis is to present a thorough understanding of topical delivery systems based on nanoemulsions, bolstering their potential for use in cosmetic and dermatological treatments

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Cream from Ivy Gourd and Other Natural Excipients

2025-06-30T10:51:56+00:00

The acceptance and appeal of cosmetic formulations based on herbs have significantly increased in recent years. Products that are seen as natural, secure, and eco-friendly are becoming more and more popular. Herbal cosmetics are preferred not only because they have few adverse effects but also because they are biocompatible with the skin and can provide therapeutic benefits by using bioactive chemicals obtained from plants. Coccinia grandis, also referred to as Ivy gourd, is one of the many medicinal plants being investigated for cosmeceutical uses. A member of the Cucurbitaceae family, this climbing vine has long been utilized in herbal medicine systems to treat infections, inflammation, and skin conditions. Its antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory qualities are attributed to the abundance of phytochemicals found in its leaves, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The development and assessment of a topical herbal cream with Ivy gourd extract as the main active ingredient is the main goal of this study. To improve the cream's moisturizing, restorative, and protecting qualities, additional natural excipients have been added to the recipe in addition to Ivy gourd, including aloe vera gel, beeswax, shea butter, and coconut oil. Careful plant material extraction, emulsion preparation, and natural base mixing are all steps in the formulation process. Numerous physicochemical and microbiological evaluation factors, including pH, spreadability, viscosity, stability, and antibacterial activity, are also described in this article. The encouraging outcomes of these evaluations demonstrate the potential of Ivy gourd as a key botanical ingredient in the creation of herbal skincare products that are sustainable, safe, and efficacious

Development and Evaluation of Hydrogel Containing Ocimum Sanctum and Boswellia Serrata Extracts for Anti-Inflammatory Propriety

2025-06-30T11:03:07+00:00

Development and assessment of a hydrogel formulation incorporating ocimum sanctum, Indian Frankincense (Boswellia Serrata) extracts for anti-inflammatory activity. A ethanolic fraction was produced by partitioning the ethanol, of O. sanctum leaf powder extract and Frankincense resin (Gum). In separate containers, 50 ml each of chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and double distilled water were combined. For the hydrogel synthesis, different proportions of aloe and ocimum sanctum and Indian Frankincense (Boswellia Serrata) were mixed with different proportions of propylene, methyl paraben and Carbopol 940. The ideal physical characteristics, pH level, homogeneity, viscosity, release profile, medication content, and irritation potential of the produced hydrogel were determined through characterization. The protein/albumin denaturation bioassay will used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory impact of the optimized hydrogel. Because the rules established by the CPCSEA, which control the use of animals in drug research, necessitated this review. When there are viable alternatives to using animals, these rules demand a good reason for their use. Ethical concerns take precedence. Most proteins lose their biological activity when denaturation occurs. It is well-established that albumin denaturation causes inflammation.

Comparison of Blunt Abdominal Trauma Scoring System (BATSS) versus FAST in Assessment of Blunt Abdominal Trauma in a Tertiary Care Centre in India

2025-06-30T11:10:16+00:00

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Accurate diagnostic tools are essential for effective triage and management. The Blunt Abdominal Trauma Scoring System (BATSS) integrates clinical and ultrasonographic findings, while Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) is widely used for detecting intra-abdominal free fluid.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of BATSS compared to FAST in assessing BAT at a tertiary care centre in India.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 62 patients with BAT admitted to Father Muller Medical College Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. Patients aged ≥18 years were included, excluding those with penetrating trauma or iatrogenic injuries. BATSS scores were calculated based on clinical parameters and FAST findings, and results were compared with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen as the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were analyzed using SPSS 18.

Results: Of 62 patients, 82% were male, with 58% aged <40 years. Road traffic accidents accounted for 85% of cases. FAST showed a sensitivity of 67.39% and specificity of 100%, while BATSS demonstrated a sensitivity of 71.73% and specificity of 100%. BATSS scores ≥8 were strongly associated with intra-abdominal injury.

Conclusion: BATSS outperforms FAST in predicting intra-abdominal injury, aiding triage and reducing unnecessary imaging.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel containing Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), and Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) for Antifungal Action

2025-06-30T11:15:58+00:00

The escalating prevalence of dermatophytic infections and the emergence of antifungal resistance have necessitated the development of novel, plant-based therapeutics with improved biocompatibility, safety, and efficacy. This study reports the formulation and comprehensive evaluation of a polyherbal topical gel incorporating extracts from Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), and Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek), aimed at enhancing antifungal action through synergistic phytochemical interactions. Using carbopol 940 as the gelling agent, a series of formulations (PHG1 to PHG8) with varying concentrations of the polyherbal extracts were prepared and assessed for their physicochemical attributes including pH, viscosity, homogeneity, spreadability, and extrudability. The antifungal efficacy was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, benchmarked against standard antifungal agents.

Formulation PHG4, containing 4% polyherbal extract, demonstrated optimal viscosity (4520 ± 15 cP), suitable spreadability (6.2 ± 0.1 cm), and a pH of 6.1 ± 0.2, indicating compatibility with the physiological skin environment. Notably, PHG4 exhibited a significant antifungal zone of inhibition (23.6 ± 0.3 mm) against C. albicans, closely approximating the performance of the standard drug fluconazole (25.1 ± 0.2 mm). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between lower-concentration batches and PHG4, highlighting its potential as an effective alternative to synthetic formulations. The results underscore the efficacy of synergistically combined herbal extracts in a semisolid vehicle, offering a promising approach to combat fungal infections while minimizing the risk of resistance and adverse reactions.

Design, Development, and In Vitro AGS Cell Survival of Rebamipide-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Gastric Cytoprotection in Peptic Ulcer Management

2025-06-30T11:21:45+00:00

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), characterized by mucosal erosion in the stomach or duodenum, remains a significant global health concern. Rebamipide, a gastroprotective drug with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects, suffers from poor water solubility and limited bioavailability, hindering its therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to design and develop Rebamipide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to enhance gastric cytoprotection and investigate their performance using AGS human gastric epithelial cells in vitro. SLNs were prepared using the high-speed homogenization and ultrasonication method, with stearic acid as lipid and poloxamer 188 as a surfactant. The optimized formulation (F3) was characterized by particle size (~112 nm), polydispersity index (PDI = 0.204), zeta potential (−23.4 mV), and entrapment efficiency (~87.3%). Transmission electron microscopy confirmed spherical morphology and uniform distribution.

In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a sustained release of Rebamipide over 24 hours, with initial burst release followed by controlled diffusion. Stability studies at 25°C and 40°C for three months revealed minimal change in physicochemical properties. Cytotoxicity and cell survival studies using AGS cells showed enhanced viability and proliferation in cells treated with Rebamipide-SLNs compared to the drug suspension. The nanoformulated Rebamipide significantly promoted mucosal healing and provided a protective effect against ethanol-induced damage in vitro. The study highlights the potential of SLNs as a delivery system for poorly soluble drugs like Rebamipide and opens avenues for their application in pediatric and neonatal gastroprotection, especially in critical care scenarios. Further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to confirm translational benefits.

Formulation and Evaluation of Tofacitinib Nanosponges Incorportaed Tablet

2025-06-30T11:31:24+00:00

The present study aims on the formulated and analyze of a novel oral tablet formulation incorporating tofacitinib-loaded nanosponges aimed at enhancing solubility, bioavailability, and sustained drug release. Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, is limited by poor aqueous solubility and rapid systemic clearance. To address these challenges, by using emulsion solvent diffusion method nano-sponges were develop with various polymers including Eudragit RL 30, Poloxamer 188, and ethyl cellulose. Among twelve formulations (T1–T12), formulation T3 was optimized based on particle size (127.4 nm), zeta potential (–25.4 mV), and highest entrapment efficiency (88.43%), polydispersity index (0.303). The optimized nanosponge (T3) was further compressed into tablets using direct compression. The tablet formulations (NT1–NT4) underwent pre-compression and post-compression evaluations including Carr’s index, angle of repose, content uniformity, hardness, friability, and in vitro dissolution. NT3 demonstrated excellent flowability, robust mechanical properties, and the highest drug release profile, reaching 90.12% over 12 hours, indicating a sustained release pattern. These findings suggest that nanosponge-incorporated tablets provide a promising platform for increased the performance of drug and patient compliant of tofacitinib in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Development and Characterization of Nifedipine Loaded Liposomal In-Situ Gel For the Effective Of Anal Fissure

2025-06-30T11:35:34+00:00

The current research intended to improve and evaluate a liposomal in-situ gel formulation for the sustained topical delivery of nifedipine. Preformulation studies confirmed the drug's physicochemical compatibility, solubility, and stability. By using thin film hydration approach nifedipine-loaded liposomes were prepared and evaluation done for entrapment efficiency (82.7± 0.46 %), particle size (180.4 nm), zeta potential (−22.3 mV) and polydispersity index (0.461). The optimized liposome (NL1) was incorporated into a Carbopol 934-based in-situ gel and evaluated for clarity, pH, gelling time, viscosity, drug content, and gelation temperature. In-vitro relief studies presented continued drug delivery up to 96.24% over 24 hours, and release kinetics best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R² = 0.993), indicating anomalous diffusion. The formulation remained stable over 3 months, suggesting potential for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance in topical nifedipine delivery.

Discuss How Understanding Plant Hormones Can Benefit Agriculture, Horticulture, And Plant Biotechnology

2025-06-30T11:57:47+00:00

Plant hormones: phytohormones are the key factors of plant development, physiology, and adaptive response to environmental signals. Their duty in CA appellation, expansion, senescence in addition to plant flowering, fruiting along with stress responsiveness create the biochemical anchoring of plant growth along with productivity. Riding on the complexity of plant hormone knowledge, global agriculture is also under pressure to sustainably deliver essential food supplies given the challenges of climate change as well as global population growth and a possible revolution is emerging in agriculture, horticulture and biotechnology. The paper will examine the roles that the hormone signaling pathways including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene, can play as important regulators of growth, resistance and yield. We combine stochastic nonlinear software and simulation plans to study hormone flux amid fluctuating environmental circumstances. A big deviation theory and a bifurcation framework is adopted to elucidate the threshold behavior in the hormone driven processes such as flowering, fruit set during stress and so on. Genetic engineering of crops, processes that enhance the productivity in horticulture and micropropagation are referred to with facts and figures, and with illustrations. Moreover, the research explains the ability of mathematical modeling to maximize the exogenously applied hormones and genetic manipulation of hormones to minimize the volatility in crop products by increasing predictability of crop products. Such integrative approach shows how studies into plant hormones could fuel resilience and sustainability of practices in the field of agri-biotechnology. The results create the basis upon which future AI-integrated agronomic decision support systems will predict and optimize plant hormone case treatments.

Phytochemical Screening and Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus racemosa bark in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2025-06-30T12:03:51+00:00

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by persistent high blood glucose due to impaired insulin secretion, action, or both. It is a major global health challenge, with prevalence expected to rise from 537 million in 2021 to over 783 million by 2045. Type 2 diabetes mellitus constitutes over 90% of cases and is strongly associated with lifestyle and genetic factors. It leads to serious complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases, which impose significant burdens on healthcare systems and reduce patients’ quality of life. Despite various pharmacological treatments, managing diabetes long-term is difficult due to side effects, cost, and the progressive need for combination therapies or insulin. This has sparked interest in alternative therapies, especially plant-based treatments that may offer fewer side effects and additional benefits. Ficus racemosa L., or cluster fig, is traditionally used to treat diabetes and other ailments. Its bark contains bioactive compounds like flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and glycosides, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic properties. However, scientific evidence supporting the antidiabetic effects of its ethanolic bark extract is limited. This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical profile and antidiabetic potential of Ficus racemosa bark ethanolic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Parameters such as fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, liver and kidney function markers, and pancreatic histology will be assessed to examine β-cell protection or regeneration. The results are expected to validate traditional claims and support the use of Ficus racemosa in diabetes management, especially in resource-poor settings.

Retention and Adaptation of two 3D-Printed Denture Base resins : A Comparative In Vitro Study

2025-06-30T12:11:12+00:00

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the retention and adaptation characteristics of two 3D-printed denture base resins—Saremco Print DentureTec and Detax Freeprint Denture—fabricated using Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology. To standardize artificial saliva distribution and controlled force application, a printed key made from Detax Freeprint Model resin was introduced.

Institutional Review Board Statement: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of Hawler Medical University. Ethical approval was obtained from the Scientific Research Ethical Committee, College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (Reference Number: HMUD,2425103; Date of Approval: 14 January 2025).

Materials and methods: A total of 40 denture base samples (20 per resin type) were fabricated under standardized DLP printing parameters. Retention was assessed using a universal testing machine (UTM) to measure dislodging force in Newtons (N). Adaptation was evaluated via the silicone replica technique, with replica thickness measured using a digital micrometer. Artificial aging was simulated through thermal cycling (2500 cycles at 5°C–55°C). The printed key was utilized in retention and adaptation testing to ensure uniform conditions across trials. Statistical analyses included paired t-test.

Results: Post-aging retention force increased significantly (p < 0.001) across both materials. Detax Freeprint Denture initially exhibited higher retention, but after aging, its performance aligned with Saremco Print DentureTec. Adaptation remained clinically acceptable, with minor dimensional changes after thermal cycling. The printed key improved experimental accuracy by minimizing variability in saliva distribution and force application.

Conclusion: Retention improved due to polymer relaxation, while adaptation remained stable, supporting the clinical viability of 3D-printed denture bases. The printed key introduced a standardized methodology, enhancing precision and refining future research protocols.

Nursing Interventions And Their Role In Combating Childhood Malnutrition: A Systematic Review

2025-07-01T04:59:28+00:00

N\A

Assessment of Anti-HBs Titre Among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Centre, Visnagar, Gujarat

2025-07-01T05:13:31+00:00

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection through occupational exposure, but this risk can be effectively mitigated through hepatitis B vaccination.

Aims: Our goal is to determine the sero-prevalence of anti-Hepatitis B surface (anti-HBs) antibodies among healthcare workers in a tertiary care setting, in order to evaluate the level of protection for those in these high-risk environments.

Material and Methods: Serum samples from HCWs were analyzed at the Microbiology laboratory of Nootan Medical College and Nootan General Hospital in Gujarat. Aseptic collection of 3 ml of venous blood was performed using a vacutainer. The serum anti-HBs titers were measured through an Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA).

Results: Of the 280 HCWs included, 259 were vaccinated, and 21 were unvaccinated. HCWs were grouped into four categories which comprised of doctors from all disciplines (n=37), nursing staff (n=140), technicians (n=53) and housekeeping (n=50). Among various groups of HCWs, the vaccination rate was highest among doctors and nursing staff’s than the other groups. While comparing the anti-HBs titre among the unvaccinated HCWs, it has been seen that out of 21 unvaccinated HCWs, majority of them (n=18) were having titre below 10 mIU/ml while few of them (n=3) had titres above 10mIU/ml.

Conclusion: All healthcare workers should undergo regular screening for HBs antigen, receive a booster dose, and have their anti-HBs titers monitored.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review

2025-07-01T05:17:39+00:00

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a transformative neuroimaging technique for evaluating traumatic brain injury (TBI), provides unmatched insights into microstructural alterations and white matter integrity. DTI's prognostic & diagnostic functions in TBI are examined in this review paper, with a focus on its ability to identify diffuse axonal injury (DAI), a characteristic of TBI that is frequently undetectable by standard imaging. The review highlights the outcomes of contemporary research with an emphasis on the conceptual uses, advantages, and disadvantages of DTI in clinical and scientific contexts. It addresses issues with clinical adoption and offers a thorough, well-supported framework that exins the value of DTI in TBI therapy. [1]

Leveraging Explainable AI for Improved Heart Failure Survival Prediction Models

2025-07-01T05:30:38+00:00

Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of illness and death globally, highlighting the need for effective prediction models to identify high-risk patients. Traditional machine learning models are worked as a “black boxes”, offering little understanding of how they make decisions. This study 1) Present a comparative analysis of conventional machine learning models on the HF disease. 2) examines how to incorporate eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques into heart failure conventional survival prediction models. 3) Analyzes the explainability of heart failure (HF) survival prediction models. This study analyzes a dataset containing 918 patient records with a history of HF. In the first phase of the study, the machine learning model Xtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) achieves the highest accuracy of 88.59% among all models tested on the HF dataset. The second phase focuses on explainability, emphasizing that cholesterol levels, age, MaxHR, and Oldpeak are crucial features in HF prediction. With the analysis of the experts note that the model performs well because these relevant features significantly contribute to predicting HF and can save the human life.

Emotional Freedom Techniques: A Pathway to Stress Relief and Body Detox

2025-07-01T05:35:35+00:00

Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) is an integrative mind-body approach fusing cognitive elements with acupressure tapping to address emotional distress and physiological disturbance. Growing evidence suggests that EFT affects major biochemical pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, which are fundamental to chronic illnesses and impaired detoxification processes, in addition to improving psychological well-being. This review examines the ways EFT affects the body's biochemical environment to promote detoxification and healing. Chronic psychological stress turns on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which results in high cortisol levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Ongoing inflammation and oxidative stress cause cellular damage and compromised activity of endogenous antioxidant systems including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione. EFT could downregulate inflammatory responses and oxidative load by controlling autonomic nervous system activity and lowering stress indicators. Following EFT treatments, emerging clinical studies show drops in cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), and subjective stress indicators, therefore pointing to a boost in systemic detoxification ability that might improve hepatic biotransformation and the immune system. Using EFT, the mind-body connection provides a whole approach for encouraging biochemical resilience and supporting the body's natural detoxification channels. Ultimately, EFT may be an easy-to-use, non-invasive addition to traditional detoxification techniques, helping to achieve sustainable health and well-being. Larger, biomarker-driven studies are essential to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms and enhance the effectiveness of EFT for both environmental and clinical health applications.

Mechanistic Insights into Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Actions of Citrus and Medicinal Plant-Based Extracts for Meat Preservation

2025-07-01T05:49:41+00:00

The application of natural preservatives, especially citrus extracts and plant-source essential oils, has developed into a viable option compared to synthetic preservatives to extend the lifespan of flesh products. With high levels of bioactive compounds, natural preservatives are recognized for having excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, inhibiting microbial growth and hindering lipid oxidation. According to studies, citric-based preservatives, i.e., lemon, lime, and pomelo peel extracts, were greatly effective in achieving shelf life under different storage conditions. Importantly, treating citrus extracts with an oxygen absorber (0.1-0.2 ml/100g) increased the lifespan of ground chicken by about 4 to 6 days at 4°C. Adding lime peel extracts containing 0.25% oil effectively maintained the standard of chicken cakes when kept at 4°C for nine days. Lemongrass, chitosan, and citrus essential oil nano-emulsion coatings (1.5%) also increased chicken breast fillets' lifespan by 5 days through cold storage. A comprehensive meta-analysis found that incorporating citrus additives at concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 1.5% effectively extended the lifespan of raw chicken flesh by 21 days under refrigeration at 4°C. Other treatments, including citrus by-product extracts (5 mg/mL) and alginate films carrying cinnamon and rosemary essential oils (5 mg/mL), successfully extended lifespan by 9 days and 2 days, respectively. These findings indicate that the highest-performing concentrations of citrus-based additives promise to improve meat preservation by slowing spoilage and preserving sensory characteristics. Combining natural preservatives with novel delivery systems, such as nanoemulsion, presents a valuable strategy for the meat industry to address consumer pressure for clean-label, naturally preserved products. There is a need for future studies to optimize such methods for wider-scale commercial application, mitigating sensory impacts and regulatory requirements.

Judicial Endorsement of Arbitration in India: Evolving Jurisprudence Through Case Law

2025-07-01T06:09:26+00:00

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A Clinical Study on Rheumatoid Arthritis with Reference to Ultrasonographic Evidence of Synovitis for Early Diagnosis

2025-07-01T07:35:32+00:00

Objectives: Early rheumatoid arthritis has been defined as a disease duration of 24 months or less, with a focus on the first 6 to 12 months. Ultrasound technology is more sensitive and accurate in the diagnosis of rheumatoid synovitis. The objective of this study is to assess ultrasonographic evidence of synovitis.

Methods: This hospital based, observational, single centre study was carried in 70 patients of rheumatoid arthritis taken from Rheumatology, Medicine and Orthopedics OPD or admitted in Medicine Department of Assam Medical College & Hospital from July 2021 to June 2022. The statistical analysis of data was performed using the computer program, statistical package for Social Sciences.

Results: The mean age of study population is 44.84±14.38 years. The maximum number of patients seen in the 41-50 age group. The male to female ratio was 1:3.67. Out of 70 patients rheumatoid factor was positive in 40(57.14%). Fifty two (74.29%) patients were having disease duration of <10years.Out of 1960 joints screened,1117(57%) joints showed synovial hypertrophy on the ultrasound grey scale. In the power doppler scan, 940(47.9%) joints had power doppler signal. In comparison between clinical joint involvement and joints with power doppler signal 23.37% had power doppler signal. 268 (26.54%) joints from the clinically nil group had synovial hypertrophy on grey scale ultrasound.

Conclusion: MSUS in rheumatoid arthritis helps in detection of subclinical synovitis which are not evident in conventional clinical examination and thus helps in treatment and prediction of disease relapse and structural progression.

Peritonitis Due To Hollow Viscus Perforation, A Clinical Retrospective Study in A Tertiary Health Care

2025-07-01T07:41:11+00:00

Background - Peritonitis is defined as inflammation of the serosal membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and the organs contained in it. The introduction of infection into the sterile peritoneal environment through a bowel perforation and introduction of a chemically irritating material like gastric acid from a perforated ulcer causes peritonitis.

Aim and Objective - To study the frequency of peritonitis secondary to hollow viscus perforation in relation to age, sex, anatomical location, symptoms and signs, reliability of investigation like Erect x-ray abdomen.

Material and Method - This is a retrospective study based on the analysis of 50 cases of hollow viscous perforation admitted to General Surgery Department, F.M.Medical College and Hospital, Balasore, Odisha from December 2023 to November 2024.

Results - Most of the patients with hollow viscous perforation were above the age of 50 years, followed by the age group of 30-39 years. Maximum number of patients were found to be males (82%). Females constituted about 18% of the study group. Most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain.

Conclusion - Laparotomy with the closure of the perforation with an omental patch (66%) is the commonest operative management for perforated peptic ulcer.

Orthognathic Surgical Splint for correction of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Multidisciplinary Clinical Approach

2025-07-01T07:46:32+00:00

Skeletal Class III malocclusion presents significant functional and esthetic challenges, often necessitating orthognathic surgical intervention. This case report details the conventional fabrication of an orthognathic surgical splint to assist mandibular repositioning in a young adult male undergoing bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. A coordinated approach between the departments of Orthodontics, Oral Surgery, and Prosthodontics enabled accurate diagnosis, pre-surgical decompensation, and model surgery on a semi-adjustable articulator. Using facebow transfer, split-cast mounting, and mock mandibular setback, a surgical splint was fabricated in clear acrylic to guide intraoperative alignment of the jaws. The splint facilitated precise mandibular positioning during surgery and ensured the transfer of the planned occlusion to the operating field. Postoperative healing was uneventful, and final occlusion was refined through orthodontic finishing. This case highlights the continued relevance of conventional techniques in achieving successful orthognathic outcomes when implemented through meticulous planning and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Screen time addiction and its impact on Social responsiveness and communication

2025-07-01T08:32:30+00:00

Introduction: Covid -19 pandemic has forced a rapid shift from classrooms to screens, increasing the screen time for academics and entertainment.

Objective: To investigate the impact of screen time on Social relationship and reciprocity, Emotional responsiveness, and Speech, language, and communication among pre-school children.

Methods: The scope of the study is restricted to 50 Anganwadi-going children between the ages 3-5 years. The assessment was done using the first three domains of ISAA (Indian Scale for Autism Assessment), with parental feedback, the average screen time in minutes per day was taken. Statistical analysis was done to correlate the ISAA score with average screen time.

Results: Indicated negative correlation between screen time and these developmental domains- Social relationship and reciprocity, Emotional responsiveness, and Speech language and communication.

Conclusion: This study highlights the need for early parental supervision in screen time and training for anganwadi/preschool teachers to monitor developmental milestones.

Future directive: Strategies need to be formed for novel social interactive platforms for real-world social interaction for children from an early age.

Role Of Cbc Parameters And Crp Test In Assessment And Identification Of Mood Disorders

2025-07-01T08:37:50+00:00

Mood disorders, prevalent global health issues, often suffer from delayed or inaccurate diagnosis due to subjective assessments. Depression and bipolar disorder are the two most common mood disorders worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of CBC parameters and CRP test in the assessment and identification of mood disorders. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Noble Clinical Lab, Baramati-413102 Maharashtra. It was found that percentage of female among cases group was 55.4% and in control group (healthy) this percentage was 51.8% in comparison to male counterpart. It was concluded that we found various inflammatory indicators associated with mood disorders. The levels of CRP independent risk factors.

In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity and Histopathological Safety Assessment of Leea asiatica Methanolic Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2025-07-01T08:59:32+00:00

Background: Diabetes mellitus affects millions globally with projections indicating continued increase, creating urgent demand for safe therapeutic alternatives. Leea asiatica, traditionally used across Southeast Asia for managing hyperglycemia, remains scientifically underexplored despite ethnomedicinal significance. Current antidiabetic medications present limitations including adverse effects and incomplete pathophysiology management. This study evaluated the antidiabetic efficacy and safety profile of L. asiatica methanolic extract in diabetic rats.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups following ethical approval. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin injection, with treatment groups receiving L. asiatica extract at two doses orally for twenty-one days, compared with normal control, diabetic control, and metformin standard groups. Phytochemical screening employed standard analytical methods for major bioactive compounds. Assessments included fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and hepatorenal function markers. Histopathological examination utilized hematoxylin-eosin staining. Statistical analysis employed one-way ANOVA with post-hoc testing.

Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed significant flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic compounds. High-dose treatment achieved substantial blood glucose reduction comparable to metformin efficacy. Serum insulin levels increased significantly with improved glycated hemoglobin values. Lipid profile improvements included reduced cholesterol and triglycerides with increased high-density lipoprotein. Hepatorenal function markers normalized dose-dependently. Histopathological examination demonstrated pancreatic islet regeneration and organ protection without toxicity.

Conclusion: L. asiatica demonstrates significant antidiabetic efficacy through multiple mechanisms with excellent safety profile. The extract's comprehensive metabolic effects suggest potential as natural diabetes management approach. Future research should focus on clinical translation and bioactive compound development.

Changes In Endothelial Cell Conut and Central Corneal Thickness After Conventional Phacoemulsification Versus Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery in Tertiary Eye Care Center in Delhi

2025-07-01T09:12:02+00:00

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Formulation and Evaluation of Niosomes of Clopidogrel for the Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease

2025-07-01T09:16:39+00:00

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a progressive vascular condition that significantly elevates the risk of thrombotic events. Clopidogrel, a widely used antiplatelet agent, is limited by systemic side effects and poor bioavailability. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of Clopidogrel-loaded niosomes to enhance therapeutic efficacy through improved encapsulation, stability, and controlled release. Among the developed formulations, the optimized niosomal formulation (F2) demonstrated high drug entrapment efficiency (94.60 ± 16.90% initially and 89.47 ± 2.50% after 3 months), indicating excellent drug loading capability. In vitro drug release studies revealed a sustained and controlled release profile, with F2 releasing 3.22 ± 0.38 mg (approximately 39% of the total drug load) of Clopidogrel over 24 hours, outperforming F3, which released only 2.50 ± 0.64 mg (15%). Stability studies confirmed the physical robustness of F2, with no significant change (p > 0.05) in vesicle size or entrapment efficiency over a 3-month period at 4 °C, unlike F1 and F3, which exhibited significant increases in particle size. The nanoscale vesicle size of F2, maintained through a balanced 1:1 cholesterol-to-surfactant ratio, contributed to its enhanced stability and drug release properties. The optimized surfactant composition improved vesicle rigidity and integrity, essential for prolonged release and targeted delivery. Importantly, the encapsulation of Clopidogrel in niosomes may reduce systemic side effects such as gastrointestinal irritation, offering a promising alternative to conventional formulations for the effective management of PAD.

Communication is a Clinical Necessity’ in Dentistry- A Systematic Review

2025-07-01T09:23:14+00:00

Background: Effective communication with dental patients is crucial for successful dental rehabilitation, particularly when intricate procedures are involved. Dental care considers a patient's functional, emotional, psychological, and aesthetic needs in addition to their biological and functional needs.

Objective: Structured, compassionate, and transparent communication is the foundation of a patient-centered approach, which enhances treatment acceptance, fosters trust, and aligns clinical goals with patient expectations.

Methods: The literature was reviewed using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Included were research projects from 1975 to 2025 that examined the effectiveness of communication across all dental specialties. Soft Skills, YMATO Factor, Communication, and Doctor-Patient Communication were among the keywords that were included.

Results: Dissatisfaction with dental care is more often caused by unmet expectations and poor communication than by technical issues, according to numerous studies. Tailored communication strategies are essential for promoting compliance, reducing anxiety, and ensuring sustained satisfaction. especially in older patients who might have psychological, sensory, or cognitive issues.

Conclusion: Effective communication is not only a useful tool but also a clinical necessity, and it is crucial to the success of dental therapy

Solution Of Three-Dimensional Helmholtz Equation By Using Triple Laplace Transform

2025-07-01T09:29:50+00:00

The Helmholtz partial differential equation has various applications in the different fields such as electromagnetics, quantum mechanics, engineering, physics and its mathematical models power the technologies that are crucial in neonatal diagnostics, imaging, simulation, and intervention planning making it an essential tool in the computational background of advanced neonatal care. We present a novel approach to solving the Helmholtz equation using Triple Laplace Transform. An inversion of triple Laplace transforms has been achieved numerically by employing the Brancik technique. Numerical results are represented by graphically.

A Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Role Play Regarding Tactile Stimulation On Good And Bad Touch Among Primary School Students At Selected School Of Surat District

2025-07-01T09:34:44+00:00

Introduction: Childhood is a crucial period for establishing awareness of personal safety, particularly regarding concepts of good and bad touch. Tactile stimulation and physical interactions form a significant part of children’s learning experiences; however, they can also expose them to risks if not properly understood.

Aims: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of role play as an educational intervention to teach primary school students about good and bad touch. By fostering an engaging learning environment, role play has the potential to empower children with the skills needed to recognize and respond to inappropriate physical contact. This study examines whether this method can significantly improve students' knowledge, awareness, and confidence in differentiating between appropriate and inappropriate touches, ultimately contributing to their personal safety and well-being.

Materials and Methods: in this study, a Quasi -experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted with 60 samples. An observational checklist (semi-structured questionnaire) was utilised to collect the data. The data were analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The study justified the impact of role play in enhancing the understanding of good touch and bad touch among primary school students where the pre-test mean score was 3.6, while the post-test mean score significantly increased to 9.55. The calculated 't' value was 24.04, which exceeds the table value of 2.000 at 59 degrees of freedom. With a significance level of 0.0001.

Conclusion: The study effectively demonstrated the significant impact of role play as an intervention in improving primary school students' understanding of good touch and bad touch.

FinTech Adoption and Financial Inclusion in Rural India

2025-07-02T04:19:40+00:00

FinTech innovation has emerged as a transformative force in India’s evolving financial landscape, offering new pathways to bridge the long-standing divide between formal financial services and rural populations. As traditional banking institutions continue to grapple with challenges in reaching remote and underbanked areas, FinTech platforms—powered by mobile technology, digital identity frameworks, and real-time payments infrastructure—present scalable, cost-effective, and accessible alternatives. This paper explores the intricate relationship between FinTech adoption and financial inclusion in rural India, using a conceptual framework based on three core dimensions: Access, Usage, and Quality.

Drawing from credible secondary sources such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), and Census data, the study conducts a comparative, state-wise analysis to examine how regional variations in digital infrastructure, gender equity, and policy orientation influence the effectiveness of FinTech services. It finds that while southern and western states demonstrate strong digital adoption and ecosystem readiness, others—particularly in central and eastern India—struggle due to infrastructural deficits, digital illiteracy, and trust-related concerns.

The study also highlights the non-linear nature of FinTech impact, revealing that positive outcomes typically emerge only after certain threshold levels of smartphone penetration, internet access, and literacy are reached. In addition, it identifies gender disparity, cyber fraud concerns, and lack of vernacular design as significant obstacles to meaningful engagement with digital financial services. Based on these insights, the paper recommends targeted policy interventions in infrastructure expansion, digital education, localized FinTech design, and rural ecosystem development.

Ultimately, this research underscores the importance of context-sensitive, inclusive, and collaborative approaches to digital finance, aiming to convert technological promise into sustainable financial empowerment for India’s rural population.

Unveiling the Power of Traditional Soodha Vallathi Urundai against Gastric Cancer Cells

2025-07-02T04:32:52+00:00

Introduction: Cancer-related deaths from gastric cancer (GC) are significant worldwide, and there is an urgent need for new, efficient therapies. Siddha medicine, known for its extensive historical use, presents potential anticancer compounds. Soodha Vallathi Urundai (SVU) is a time- honored remedy believed to have healing benefits; however, its effect on gastric cancer remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to assess the anticancer efficacy of SVU in a gastric cancer model (MKN-45P), focusing on tumor development, angiogenesis, blood parameters, and metabolic indicators.

Methodology: Three groups of Balb/c mice (n=6) received injections of MKN-45P tumor cells and then administered SVU (200 mg/kg). Tumor advancement and blood were assessed, including biochemical tests, immunohistochemistry for CD31, LDH, and TNF-α, and white blood cell counts, were performed.

Results: SVU treatment markedly inhibited tumor growth (tumor size in the SVU-treated group: 2.45 ± 0.63 cm versus 3.02 ± 0.73 cm in the MKN-45P group, p < 0.05). The phrase of CD31 in tumors was reduced in SVU-treated sector (0.32 ± 0.12) relative to the MKN-45P group (0.72 ± 0.21, p < 0.01). Haematological examination showed elevated WBC levels (14.1 ± 0.754 ×10³/µL in the SVU-treated group compared to 11.2 ± 1.58 ×10³/µL in the MKN-45P group, p < 0.05). LDH levels were considerably lower in SVU group (0.136 ± 0.024 IU/L compared to 0.226 ± 0.0115 IU/L in the MKN-45P group, p < 0.01).

Conclusions: SVU showed notable anticancer effects, decreasing tumor size, angiogenesis, and metabolic indicators, while enhancing immune response with minimal toxicity. These findings indicate that SVU may be a viable treatment option for gastric cancer, necessitating additional research.

Impact of Health Education on Knowledge About Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Among Nursing Students in Bhubaneswar, Odisha

2025-07-02T04:37:55+00:00

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by irregular menstruation, elevated androgen levels, and often ovarian cysts, which can lead to serious reproductive and metabolic complications such as infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme in enhancing knowledge about PCOS among adult girls at Hi-Tech School and College of Nursing, Bhubaneswar. The study employed a descriptive survey method and a pre-test post-test research design. A total of 50 adult girls were selected as the sample. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire administered before and after the educational intervention, which included an informative booklet on PCOS. The pre-test results revealed that only 44% of participants had average knowledge, with a mean score of 13.2 (SD ±5.6). After the structured teaching programme, the post-test mean score significantly increased to 23.34 (SD ±4.62), translating to a mean percentage of 77.8% and a knowledge gain of 33.8%. The decrease in standard deviation indicated more consistent knowledge levels among participants post-intervention. A t-value of 9.88 with 49 degrees of freedom and a p-value of 0.000 demonstrated that the improvement in knowledge was statistically highly significant. These findings confirm the effectiveness of structured teaching in increasing awareness and understanding of PCOS. The study suggests that health education interventions can play a crucial role in addressing knowledge gaps among young women, potentially leading to better health outcomes. It also recommends conducting further studies with larger samples and diversified methods such as interviews to enhance the depth and generalizability of the findings. In conclusion, the study highlights health education as an essential strategy in empowering young women with the knowledge to manage and prevent complications related to PCOS

Graphic Design Campaigns For Environmental Awareness: Reducing Plastic Bag Usage In Palestine A Preliminary Review

2025-07-02T04:44:52+00:00

Single-use bag pollution is a rising menace to the sustainability of the environment in developing countries as the enforcement of environment of laws is not enforced to the fullest measure. The following paper indicates a thematic review of the influence of environmental awareness campaigns and in particular those that employ the use of graphic design in raising the awareness of the population and changing the behaviours associated to the use of plastic bags. Applying to the Palestinian reality, the review summarises the literature on world and regional awareness campaigns, the role of visual communication, and the science of behaviour, which leads to societal participation. Three important findings show that there is disjunction between the environmental knowing and the observed behavioural change whereby culturally-adapted visually effective and emotion appealing advertising campaigns are required. The review also finds that there were severe gaps in research and the need to have integrated approaches that used combinations of policy, education and creative advocacy. This piece of work is not only valuable in the scientific discussion, but also valuable in ways of proceeding in a sustainable environmental behaviour using the communication design.

Perceptions of Malay Language Teaching Challenges and Digital Game Integration Among Primary School Teachers in Malaysia

2025-07-02T05:05:11+00:00

Teachers’ perceptions of the challenges faced by students in learning the Malay language and their attitudes toward the integration of digital game-based learning tools were explored. A quantitative study design is employed to collect the data via a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to 400 teachers from urban and suburban schools in Malaysia. A purposive sampling technique was used to ensure participants had relevant expertise, while random selection was utilized within this cohort to enhance representativeness. Descriptive analysis revealed that teachers identified several persistent challenges in students’ language acquisition, including limited vocabulary, low confidence in speaking, and difficulties with writing and reading. Notably, student motivation was reported as the lowest among key domains. Despite these challenges, teachers expressed strong support for incorporating digital game-based learning to enhance vocabulary retention and student engagement. However, multiple linear regression analysis indicated no statistically significant relationship between teachers’ perceptions of student challenges and their support for digital tools, suggesting that external factors—such as institutional policy or digital literacy—may play a larger role in shaping teachers’ readiness to adopt technology. Further, teachers ranked grammar and vocabulary as the most two important components for integration into Game-Based Learning (GBL) environments. Comparisons with a similar Arabic language study revealed alignment in instructional priorities, particularly regarding the foundational role of vocabulary and grammar. These findings underscore the need for pedagogically grounded, tech-enhanced learning solutions that directly address core language challenges while aligning with broader educational strategies.

Development and Characterization of Naringenin loaded Transethsomoal gel for Anti-inflammatory activity

2025-07-02T05:41:16+00:00

The present study focuses on the development and evaluation of a naringenin-loaded transethosomal gel for enhanced topical delivery. Naringenin, a flavonoid with notable therapeutic properties, suffers from limited solubility and bioavailability, which restricts its clinical applications. To overcome these limitations, transethosomal vesicles were prepared using phospholipid, ethanol, cholesterol, and surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 60) via a thin-film hydration method. Among the ten formulations, the T6 batch demonstrated optimal entrapment efficiency (88.65%), minimal particle size (89.71 nm), and a desirable zeta potential (-10.5 mV). The optimized formulation was incorporated into a Carbopol 934-based gel and characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, and drug content. In-vitro drug release studies of TEG6 high drug release profile, with 91.30% of naringenin released over 12 hours, following first-order kinetics. The gel also exhibited excellent physical stability under accelerated conditions over two months. These findings indicate that the transethosomal gel system significantly improves the solubility, stability, and sustained release of naringenin, suggesting its potential for effective topical therapy.

Seroprevalence Of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C And HIV 1 / 2 IN Patients Undergoing Surgery In A Tertiary Care Hospital

2025-07-02T05:57:13+00:00

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are significant global health threats that share common routes of transmission, especially through contaminated blood and surgical procedures. Identifying seroprevalence in patients undergoing surgery is essential to minimize occupational exposure and provide timely medical intervention. Screening for HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C in patients having elective surgery was the study's goal in order to decrease transmission to healthcare professionals and offer preventive and treatment services.

Aim and Objective: To study the seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV 1 / 2 in patients undergoing surgery in a tertiary care hospital

Materials and methods: The study involved the recruitment of patients scheduled for elective surgery, who were screened for HBs Ag and antibodies to HIV 1/2 and hepatitis C, respectively, using coomb AID, a rapid immunoassay test, to identify the antibodies to HIV 1/2, and SD HBs Ag ELISA 3.0 and SD HCV ELISA 3.0 to detect HBs Ag and IgG antibodies to HCV, respectively.

Results: The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection, respectively, was 1.91% and 1.05% in our study. Three individuals (0.03%) tested positive for both HBV and HCV. HIV was not detected in any of the individuals.

Conclusion: Surgical patients have a high seroprevalence of viral infections with hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Risk factors include not taking pre- and postoperative precautions, using infected syringes and surgical instruments again, and more.

Effect of Matrix Rhythm therapy and IFT on OA knee

2025-07-02T06:05:53+00:00

Osteoarthritis of the knee (OA) is a widespread degenerative joint disease that can be described as the degradation of cartilage and inflammation, pain, and poor functioning of the knee. The growing rate of OA especially on the elderly populations requires the need to consider suitable non-pharmacological intervention. The present study aims at investigating the comparative effectiveness of the Matrix Rhythm Therapy (MRT), and Interferential Therapy (IFT) in pain reduction and joint functional improvement in patients with knee OA. The group of 40 participants with moderate-grade knee OA was randomly chosen and separated into two equal groups (receiving MRT and IFT) and exposed to the session of four weeks. The Viulalogue Analogue Scale (VAS) was taking to measure pain and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to gauge functional mobility. The findings showed that both subgroups elicited significant improvement in the outcome of patients, with a little better effect being observed in MRT in terms of pain and mobility of the patient. These observations are indications that there is possibility of MRT replacing or becoming a complement of conventional electrotherapy in the conservative management of OA knee.

Comparative Analysis of Prediction Models in Dental Implantology: A Comparative Review

2025-07-02T06:12:19+00:00

The integration of predictive modeling in dental implantology has significantly enhanced treatment planning and prognostic evaluations. This study critically examines various predictive models utilized in dental implant assessments, encompassing both conventional statistical techniques and contemporary machine learning algorithms. By systematically comparing methodological frameworks, performance metrics, and clinical applicability, this analysis aims to provide clinicians and researchers with a well-informed basis for selecting suitable predictive models tailored to specific clinical contexts

Assessing The Utility Of Swayam Diabetes Mobile Health Application For Self-Care Management Of Type 2 Diabetes In Home Settings

2025-07-02T06:17:24+00:00

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing at an alarming rate, presenting a significant public health challenge both nationally and globally. The Swayam Diabetes mobile health (mHealth) application was developed and tested to support self-care management of T2DM in home settings. The application incorporates key features such as self-monitoring tools, a daily diary, educational resources, and user support, all designed to facilitate effective self-care management of T2DM in urban home environments.

Materials and methods: A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The Swayam Diabetes mobile application was developed based on pretesting conducted with 18 users. Following this, user testing was carried out with 250 participants who completed a Diabetes Management Survey (DBMS). A follow-up assessment was conducted over six months with 55 users to evaluate the application’s utility and gather feedback, using the System Usability Scale (SUS) for usability assessment.

Results: Seventy-eight percent of users preferred using the Swayam Diabetes mobile application to monitor their daily self-care activities, including food intake, nutrition, physical activity, medication adherence, and other diabetes-related information. The study observed a 5.1% improvement in self-care management, with over 55% of participants utilizing the daily diary feature. Participants reported that self-management through the mobile health application was beneficial. However, the study found minimal impact of gender on self-care outcomes.

Conclusion: The Mobile application enabled users to effectively monitor key health aspects such as nutrition, activity, and medication adherence. High user engagement, particularly with the daily diary feature, highlights its value in self-care management. Future research should focus on the long-term impact on clinical outcomes, like HbA1c levels, and assess its effectiveness across diverse populations.

Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) for Cervical Spine Disorders

2025-07-02T06:23:11+00:00

Background: Cervical spine disorders, including disc herniation, spondylotic myelopathy, and radiculopathy, are common degenerative conditions that can significantly impair quality of life. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is a widely performed surgical procedure aimed at relieving neural compression and stabilizing the cervical spine. This study aims to evaluate the clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes of ACDF in patients with cervical spine pathology.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 100 patients who underwent single- or multi-level ACDF. Data collected included demographic information, surgical details, clinical outcomes assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI), radiological fusion status, and postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests and chi-square tests, with a significance threshold set at p<0.05.

Results: The study population comprised 56 males and 44 females with a mean age of 49.3 years. The most frequently operated levels were C5-C6 (52%) and C6-C7 (29%). Single-level ACDF was performed in 71% of cases, while 29% underwent multi-level fusion. The mean operative time was 98 minutes, and the average hospital stay was 3.4 days. VAS scores improved significantly from 7.8 preoperatively to 2.1 postoperatively (p<0.001). NDI scores improved in 84% of patients, and neurological recovery was observed in 87%. Radiological fusion was achieved in 91% of patients at six-month follow-up. Complications included transient dysphagia (11%), wound infection (3%), pseudarthrosis (6%), and early adjacent segment disease (2%).

Conclusion: ACDF is a safe and effective surgical approach for cervical spine disorders, providing significant symptom relief, functional recovery, and high fusion rates with a low incidence of complications.

Ocimum basilicum (Sweet Basil): An Ethnomedicinal Plant

2025-07-02T06:28:37+00:00

Ocimum basilicum, also known as Sweet Basil, is a widely used herb in Italian and Southeast Asian gastronomy, particularly in Thailand and Vietnam. Basil is said to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties in Ayurvedic medicine. Scientific research has verified the antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory characteristics of this substance. In the field of Turkish medicine, it has the ability to inhibit the occurrence of diabetes and cardiovascular problems. Basil is employed in Indian Siddha medicine to treat facial acne, migraines, and dermal infections. The essential oil of Ocimum basilicum contains a variety of chemicals, such as eucalyptol, linalool, α-terpineol, eugenol, bergamotene, guaiene, germacrene D, cubenol, and others. The extract from the leaves comprises 32.23 ± 4.453 phenolic components, which make up 97.9% of the oil. The phytochemical screening and elemental analysis indicate the presence of saponins, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. Ocimum basilicum, a plant renowned for its myriad ethnomedicinal uses, has been employed for millennia in the treatment of gastrointestinal and neurological ailments. The essential oil possesses antiviral, larvicidal, antinociceptive, and antibacterial properties. This review examines the distinct pharmacological effects of Ocimum basilicum,encompassing its anticonvulsant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antithrombotic capabilities. The article also examines potential basil product makers while cautioning against their negative impacts. A potential future study could entail the development of transgenic basil plants to target certain chemical elements associated with human ailments. The review highlights the significance of safeguarding and utilizing Ocimum basilicum

Retrospective Analysid Of Outcomes After Different Surgical Approaches For Tha

2025-07-02T06:42:39+00:00

Background: Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is a widely performed orthopedic procedure aimed at alleviating pain and restoring mobility in patients with hip joint disorders such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and avascular necrosis. Among the various surgical approaches, the posterior, direct anterior, and lateral techniques are most commonly employed. Each approach presents unique benefits and limitations in terms of surgical access, complication rates, functional recovery, and postoperative rehabilitation. This study aims to compare the outcomes associated with these three approaches in a single-center, retrospective setting.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from March 2023 to September 2024, including 50 patients who underwent primary THA. Patients were grouped based on the surgical approach used: posterior (n = 20), direct anterior (n = 15), and lateral (n = 15). Data collected included demographic details, operative time, blood loss, pain scores (VAS), functional outcome (Harris Hip Score at 6 months), complication rates, and length of hospital stay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant.

Results: The direct anterior approach demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, with the lowest VAS pain scores (1.8), highest Harris Hip Scores (91.5), and shortest hospital stay (3.8 days). The posterior approach had the shortest operative time (76 minutes) but was associated with two cases of dislocation. The lateral approach yielded intermediate outcomes, with no dislocations reported. One case of temporary nerve symptoms was noted in the anterior group.

Conclusion: While all three approaches significantly improved pain and function, the direct anterior approach offered superior early outcomes. However, surgical approach selection should be individualized based on patient anatomy, comorbidities, and surgeon experience. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infections and Their Co-infections Among Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis: A Cross- Sectional Study from a Rural Tertiary Care Centre of South Bihar

2025-07-02T06:48:45+00:00

Background: Patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis are at increased risk for transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), particularly Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), due to frequent vascular access, transfusions, and potential lapses in infection control practices. Co-infections with HBV and HCV further complicate patient outcomes and increase the burden on healthcare systems, especially in rural regions.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and their co-infection among patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Specific objectives included estimating the individual prevalence of HBV and HCV, identifying co-infection rates, and analyzing associated risk factors.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the dialysis unit and Microbiology Laboratory of Narayan Medical College & Hospital, Sasaram, from January 2023 to July 2024. A total of 208 patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis were included. Serological testing for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies was performed using ELISA-based ErbaLisa kits. Data on demographic profiles, dialysis duration, and infection status were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative methods.

Results: Among the 208 patients, 134 were males and 74 females. The prevalence of HBV (HBsAg reactive) was 2.9% (6 patients), while HCV (anti-HCV reactive) was found in 13.5% (28 patients). Co-infection (both HBV and HCV reactive) was observed in 1.0% (2 patients). HCV prevalence was notably higher among patients with longer dialysis durations. Males showed slightly higher infection rates than females, though the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The study highlights the continued risk of HBV and HCV among haemodialysis patients, especially in rural settings. Enhanced infection control measures, regular screening, and strict adherence to universal precautions are essential to mitigate the spread of these infections.

Molecular Genetic And Immunological Diagnostic Markers Of Atopic Dermatitis

2025-07-02T07:09:30+00:00

160 patients with various forms of atopic dermatitis aged 3 to 62 years who were under observation at the Republican Specialized Center for Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology were examined.The aim of the study was to identify early the molecular genetic and immunological mechanisms of atopic dermatitis development and to improve the diagnosis. Based on a clinical, immunological and molecular genetic examination of patients with atopic dermatitis, the domestic "Hepaprot-Neo" 0.45 included T330G of the IL-2 gene and 2258G>A of toll-like receptor genes of the TLR2 gene for complex treatment, taking into account allelic variants, based on the fact that an individualized pathogenetic treatment technique has been developed, which is characterized by the appointment of a drug that stabilizes the hepatoprotective membrane and enhances immunity.

Study Of Allelic and Genotypic Variants of The C60t Polymorphic Locus of The Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Gene in The Development of The Cardiovascular Form of Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2025-07-02T07:18:31+00:00

Diabetic autonomic (vegetative) neuropathy (DAN) is a severe and quite common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is often overlooked or diagnosed late, remaining an underestimated target in therapeutic practice [1, 6]. DAN can manifest in clinically obvious or subclinical forms in patients within two years after diagnosis. The detection rate ranges from 20% to 40%, and with disease duration of more than 10 years, it exceeds 65%. DAN is recognized as an independent risk factor that reduces both quality of life and life expectancy by 2-10 times and is associated with an increased likelihood of further complications [8]. Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of chronic autonomic neuropathies. The prevalence of autonomic disorders depends on the type of diabetes, being 54% for type 1 and 73% for type 2. The most unfavorable prognosis is associated with cardiac diabetic autonomic neuropathy, with mortality within five to ten years ranging from 27% to 56%. According to the metabolic theory of DAN pathogenesis, chronic hyperglycemia is the primary cause of the disorder, which activates the non-enzymatic glycosylation of nerve fiber sheath proteins and increases the activity of the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism. This leads to structural and functional damage to axons, segmental demyelination, and degeneration, accompanied by impaired axonal transport and slowed nerve conduction. The activation of lipid peroxidation causes damage to mitochondrial and neuronal membranes, leading to subsequent neuron death [4]. The primary markers are superoxide dismutases. The multifactorial nature of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) pathogenesis is now unquestionable [3]. Chronic hyperglycemia is the triggering factor for DPN development. Under hyperglycemic conditions, transmembrane glucose transport into endothelial and nerve tissue cells is activated, increasing its intracellular concentration and activating the polyol glucose utilization pathway [2]. Other significant pathogenic mechanisms of DPN include the increased production of superoxide anion radicals, formation of reactive oxygen species, development of oxidative stress, blockade of the hexosamine glucose utilization pathway, formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products in nerve fibers, and endoneurial blood flow deficiency [7, 9]. Oxidative stress, caused by the excessive formation of free radicals against the backdrop of insufficient activity of the endogenous antioxidant system, is responsible for glucose metabolism disruption [10, 11]. Prolonged impairment of glucose metabolism is one of the main pathogenic mechanisms of DPN development [2].

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the C60T gene polymorphism of SOD2 in the development of the cardiovascular form of diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods: The study included 135 patients with type 2 diabetes, with an average age of 56.3 ± 2.3 years and a disease duration of 5.6 ± 1.2 years, who were receiving outpatient treatment at three clinics of the Tashkent Medical Academy. Among them, 69 were women with an average age of 52.3 ± 3.4 years, and 66 were men with an average age of 54.3 ± 2.6 years. The control group consisted of 81 individuals with an average age of 53.6 ± 2.4 years. All patients were tested for fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose (2 hours after eating), and glycated hemoglobin. As a glucose-lowering medication, 88 patients received DPP-4 inhibitors and biguanides, while 47 patients received combined therapy with basal insulin. Individuals who had experienced acute cardiovascular complications were excluded from the study. To diagnose cardiovascular form diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN-CV) in patients with type 2 diabetes, Holter monitoring was performed. Based on Holter monitoring parameters, the patients were divided into two groups: those with DAN-CV (+) and those without DAN-CV (-). All patients underwent genetic testing for the C60T polymorphism of the SOD2 gene at the Department of Molecular Genetics of the Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center.

Results: In patients with type 2 diabetes, the fasting blood glucose level was 7.6 ± 2.3 mmol/L, and the postprandial blood glucose level (2 hours after eating) was 9.6 ± 1.4 mmol/L. The average glycated hemoglobin level was 9.2 ± 1.2%. According to the results of Holter monitoring and standard cardiovascular tests, 82 patients (60.7%) were diagnosed with DAN-CV (+), while 53 patients (39.2%) were diagnosed with DAN-CV (-). To evaluate the role of the C60T polymorphism of the SOD2

gene in the etiopathogenesis of DAN-CV in patients with type 2 diabetes, we conducted a comparative association study in a sample of patients and conditionally healthy individuals of Uzbek nationality. According to literature sources, the presence of the unfavorable allele of SOD2 (C60T) leads to the destabilization of the α-helical region, which disrupts the transport of the enzyme from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, resulting in reduced antioxidant activity [5]. Our results also support these findings, as we established an associative link between the functionally weakened T/T genotype of the C60T locus of the SOD2 gene and the risk of developing DAN-CV in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The results of detection and the frequency of allelic and genotypic variants of the C60T locus of the SOD2 gene in the main group and subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes, with and without DAN-CV, as well as in the control group, are presented in Tables 8, 9, and 10.

Formulation And Evaluation of Thermosensitive in Situ Nasal Gel of Zolmitriptan

2025-07-02T07:22:51+00:00

This study introduces the design and complete assessment of a thermosensitive in situ nasal gel of Zolmitriptan, which was created to improve the drug delivery effectiveness in the acute treatment of migraine attacks. Zolmitriptan is a highly active serotonin (5-HT₁B/₁D) receptor agonist used effectively for migraine therapy but has poor oral bioavailability (~40%) with extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism and gastric motility problems during migraine attacks, causing delay in drug absorption. To counter these disadvantages and allow for swift onset of action, a new nasal delivery system was developed based on thermoresponsive and mucoadhesive polymers. The gel formulations were developed using the cold method from a series of combinations of Poloxamer 407 (20% w/v) and Poloxamer 188 (10% w/v) due to their temperature-dependent sol-gel transition characteristics. Mucoadhesiveness and increasing nasal residence time were imparted using Chitosan (0.75% w/v) and HPMC K15M (1% w/v). Zolmitriptan was complexed with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in varying molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) to improve its aqueous solubility and stability, the complex being validated through FTIR and DSC studies. Among the four developed formulations (F1–F4), Formulation F4 stood out as optimized, showing optimum gelation temperature (31.2 ± 0.3°C) consistent with nasal mucosal temperature, quick gelation time (32 ± 2 seconds), good mucoadhesive strength (1250 ± 35 dyne/cm²), and appropriate viscosity (1850 ± 50 cP). The drug content was within limiting values (99.12 ± 1.08%), with even distribution and fine clarity (Grade 0). Rheological analysis validated pseudoplastic, thixotropic properties required for good sprayability and mucosal spreading. Sprayability testing revealed reproducible round spray patterns with actuation volumes in the optimal range (0.05–0.1 mL). The in vitro gelation experiment proved that the optimized gel formulation gelled immediately on contact with simulated nasal fluid (SNF) and lasted for more than an hour. The accelerated stability testing as per ICH Q1A(R2) at 40°C/75% RH for 3 months showed no appreciable changes in pH, viscosity, drug content, or gelation parameters. The sterility tests also showed that the formulation was as per pharmacopeial requirement and free from microbial impurities. The optimized thermosensitive nasal gel formulation of Zolmitriptan not only provides rapid onset of therapeutic action, improved bioavailability, and a decreased chance of systemic side effects, but also presents a non-invasive, patient-compliant, and economically viable alternative to traditional oral or parenteral migraine treatments. This innovative platform presents important potential for use in central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery, particularly for drugs that are in need of swift systemic absorption through the nasal mucosa.

Formulation and Characterization of Gabapentin Microcapsule

2025-07-02T07:32:38+00:00

The goal of the current study was to develop and characterize Gabapentin-loaded microcapsules by the ionotropic gelation process for the creation of a sustained-release oral drug delivery system. Gabapentin, an antiepileptic medication utilized to treat epilepsy and neuropathic pain, has the pharmacokinetic disadvantages of a low biological half-life, non-linear absorption, and dosing frequency. To overcome such limitations, a new encapsulation approach with sodium alginate as a major polymer and calcium chloride as a cross-linker was adopted. Chitosan was also used as a secondary polymer for coating in order to improve mucoadhesion and extend residence time in the gastrointestinal tract. Different formulations were made in different concentrations of sodium alginate (2%, 3%, and 4% w/v) and in drug-to-polymer ratios (1:1 and 1:2). The microcapsules were tested for micromeritic characteristics, particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, drug content, swelling index, surface pH, and in vitro drug release. The optimized batch had superior flow characteristics, spherical morphology, and excellent encapsulation efficiency of over 85%. The particle size was increased by polymer concentration and coating. Sustained release for up to 8 hours, according to Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic models, was shown in in vitro drug release studies in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), representing diffusion-controlled and anomalous transport mechanisms. Stability studies performed according to ICH Q1A(R2) guidelines under both long-term (25°C/60% RH) and accelerated (40°C/75% RH) storage conditions for 3 months assured the physicochemical stability of the optimized dosage form. There were no remarkable differences in pH, viscosity, drug content, or sterility. The results indicate that Gabapentin microcapsules prepared by ionotropic gelation show a promising alternative to traditional dosage forms by enhancing bioavailability, decreasing the frequency of dosing, and increasing patient compliance.

Comparison Of Effectiveness of Pilates with Therapeutic Ultrasound Versus Therapeutic Ultrasound on Releiving Pain and To Increase Range of Motion in Supraspinatus Tendinitis – Randomized Controlled Trial

2025-07-02T07:38:47+00:00

Background: Supraspinatus tendinitis is the inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon resulting from micro-tears in the musculotendinous unit when it is acutely overloaded with a sudden or a heavy tensile force. It is a degeneration of the tendon’s collagen due to ch ronic overuse and repeated strain. This results in tendinitis. This condition is common in athletes involved in repetitive overhead activities. Diagnosis can be done first by painful arc sign. This is when a person experiences pain upon abduction of the arm between 60 and 120. The next step would be to perform the empty can test. This is performed with the arm abducted to 90, 30° of anterior circumduction, and internal rotation with thumb downward. The patient attempts to further abduct their arm while the examiner applies downward pressure. Weakness or pain is considered a positive sign. Originally called “Contrology”, Pilates is an exercise system designed by Joseph Pilates to condition the body based on Eastern theories of body-mind spirit interaction. Ultrasound induced heating is the result of the absorption of ultrasonic energy biological tissues.

Methods: The study design was a randomized control trial, 30 patients were selected from Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry. They were Allocated randomly into two groups, Group A(N=15) Pilates with ultrasound therapy. Group B(N=15) Ultra sound therapy alone. The outcome measure VAS and SPADI were measured in Pre and Post test for 6-week period.

Result: Data Analysis was done according to paired ‘t’ test between the groups A & B calculating with 5% of significance. The statistical interpretation of mean and standard deviation shows the improvement in the Pilates with therapeutic ultrasound in patient with supraspinatus tendinitis.

Conclusion: This Study concludes that The Pilates with Ultrasound Therapy for Group A shows more significant improvement in patients with supraspinatus tendinitis than Group B.

Comparative Study on the Techniques of Shatkarma and Panchakarma

2025-07-02T07:46:51+00:00

Shatkarma and Panchakarma represent two foundational systems of internal purification originating from the classical traditions of Yoga and Ayurveda, respectively. Shatkarma (Ṣaṭkarmas), delineated in key Haṭha Yoga texts such as the Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā and Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā, comprises six fundamental cleansing techniques aimed at purifying the internal bodily systems, thereby preparing the practitioner for higher yogic disciplines. In contrast, Panchakarma, as expounded in authoritative Ayurvedic treatises like the Charaka Saṃhitā and Suśruta Saṃhitā, encompasses five principal therapeutic procedures formulated to eliminate accumulated doṣas and āma (toxins), restore physiological equilibrium, and address various pathological conditions.

This study undertakes a comprehensive examination of the historical development, procedural methodologies, therapeutic objectives, and clinical applications of both Shatkarma and Panchakarma. It incorporates critical analysis of primary Sanskrit sources, including original verses with English translations, alongside a synthesis of contemporary scientific literature and clinical case studies. A comparative framework is employed to elucidate distinctions in indications, contraindications, physiological mechanisms, and observed health outcomes between the two systems. Furthermore, the relevance and adaptation of these traditional practices in modern integrative health and wellness paradigms are explored.

Key techniques, procedural sequences, therapeutic benefits, and potential risks associated with each system are systematically presented through tabulated data to enhance clarity and accessibility. By bridging classical knowledge with modern empirical insights, this research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of Shatkarma and Panchakarma as complementary modalities within holistic health care.

A Systematic Review on Delayed Cord Clamp and Early Cord Clamp

2025-07-02T08:34:52+00:00

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Effectiveness Of Left Lateral Position on Feeding Tolerance Among Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2025-07-02T08:40:21+00:00

Preterm neonates often experience digestive issues due to underdeveloped anatomical and functional capabilities as well as immature nervous system function in the gut. Feeding tolerance significantly influences their nutritional status. A noninvasive post-feeding position could improve feed tolerance and promote growth. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the left lateral position on feeding tolerance among preterm neonates and its association with weight gain, on 223 preterm neonates in the Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU). The study group placed the preterm neonates in the post-feeding left lateral position, while the control group placed them in other recommended positions. Feeding tolerance was assessed based on the quantity of feed prescribed, the number of vomiting episodes, the number of days on an IV line, and abdominal distension measured by abdominal circumference before and after each feed over five consecutive days. Preterm demographics and selected variables were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A t-test was used to compare the differences in mean abdominal circumference, and the chi-square test was applied to determine the association between the left lateral position and weight gain. The effect size of the difference between groups was 0.352. The mean difference in abdominal circumference among preterm neonates in the post-feed left lateral position was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant association (p < 0.05) was observed between the post-feed left lateral position and weight gain during the intervention, with similar trends noted at the 2nd and 4th-week follow-ups. Preterm neonates can be placed in the post-feed left lateral position, which improves feeding tolerance and significant weight gain.

A Rare Neurocristopathy Overlap: Coexistence of Haddad and Waardenburg Syndromes in a Neonate

2025-07-02T09:05:58+00:00

Haddad syndrome, defined by the dual presence of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) and Hirschsprung disease (HD), represents a rare neurocristopathy with significant morbidity. Waardenburg syndrome (WS), characterized by pigmentary anomalies, sensorineural deafness, and mutations affecting neural crest derivatives, has not previously been described in combination with Haddad syndrome. We report a unique case of a term male neonate who presented with abdominal distension, aganglionic megacolon, and progressive hypoventilation within 48 hours of life. Distinctive phenotypic features—including a white forelock, hypopigmented skin patches, and vivid blue irides—raised early suspicion of WS. Levelling biopsies confirmed total colonic aganglionosis, while a PHOX2B poly alanine expansion mutation established the diagnosis of CCHS. This dual diagnosis constitutes a previously unreported neurocristopathy overlap. Early phenotype driven recognition, timely surgical decompression, ventilatory support, conservative physiotherapy and long term multidisciplinary care were pivotal to outcome.

Educational Intervention Regarding Mother's Awareness, Feeding Practices, And Complications Among Children with Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

2025-07-02T09:11:17+00:00

Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are two of the most prevalent congenital anomalies globally, and identifying feeding and care challenges will only exacerbate these difficulties. Mothers with CLP-affected infants often do not possess enough knowledge and skills to provide optimal care to reduce feeding complications, resulting in escalating nutritional problems, aspiration, regurgitation through the nose, and choking.

Objective: This project aimed to examine the efficacy of a structured educational intervention to influence maternal awareness, feeding practice, and feeding complications in children with CLP.

Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design. In total, 76 mothers with infants diagnosed with CLP were purposively sampled (mothers of infants aged less than 1 year) from Ayesha Bashir Hospital, Gujrat. To establish pre-intervention maternal awareness, feeding practices, and complications, the researchers used structured questionnaires and observational checklists. To address maternal knowledge about optimal feeding practices, an educational intervention was delivered in the form of six sessions of education using informational brochures, handouts, and videos with further information on specialized feeding techniques (e.g., ESSR and Kumagai). A post-intervention assessment was conducted to determine whether changes were demonstrated.

Results: Following the intervention, maternal knowledge went from 59.6% (poor) at baseline to 70.3% (average) in the first follow-up. Feeding practice results were recorded at 58.5% (incompetent) to 69.4% (borderline competent). Difficulties feeding dropped from a mean score of 0.57 to 0.30. The results demonstrate that the educational program successfully improved mothers' knowledge and decreased the difficulties with feeding.

Conclusion: Structured educational strategies have a powerful impact on maternal feeding practices and reduce feeding complications in infants born with a CLP. Ongoing support and follow-up are important to help maintain the benefits of the learning.

Epidemiology of MDR Infections in the ICU: Comparing Outcomes in Patients with and Without Prior Antibiotic Exposure

2025-07-02T09:16:24+00:00

Background: The significant challenge in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are so-called multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections, which can cause higher morbidity, longer hospitals stays and high emission costs. The impact of prior antibiotic exposure as a risk factor of the development of MDR organisms is widely recognized but patient outcome is still controversial.

Objective: The trial was designed to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with MDR infection in the ICU according to the history of previous exposure to antibiotics.

Methods: The study was an observational study conducted over a period of 8 months; January-August 2023, in Medical, and Surgical ICU units of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Three hundred and twenty patient developing culture-confirmed MDR infections 48 hours or later of ICU admission were included. They categorized patients into two groups depending on recorded system antibiotics utilization within 90 days prior ICU. Clinical/demographic parameters have been examined and multivariate logistic regression was done to assess independent predictors of mortality.

Result: A total of 176/320 (55.0%) patients had the history of previous antibiotic exposure. The incidences of diabetes (48.9% vs. 36.1%, p=.3, CKD (35.2% vs. 24.3%, p=.2, thrombocytopenia (30.7%vs.18.8%, p=0.01) and prolonged ICU stay (10 vs. 7 days, p=4) were high among these patients. Yet, the previous exposure to antibiotics was not an independent predictor of death (OR=110p=058). Rather, lengthy mechanical ventilation, prolonged ICU stay and indwelling lines were substantial predictors.

Conclusion: While prior antibiotic exposure is associated with increased morbidity and longer hospital stays, it does not independently increase mortality risk in ICU patients with MDR infections.

Development and Characterization of Essential Oil Emulsion Formulation as a Natural Antibacterial Agent in Wound Healing Application

2025-07-02T09:25:29+00:00

The current study focuses on the development and comprehensive evaluation of a novel emulgel formulation containing Mirabilis jalapa root extract and clove oil, aimed at enhancing wound healing efficacy through a synergistic herbal approach. Emulgels, due to their dual advantage of emulsion-based drug solubilization and gel-based controlled release, serve as an ideal carrier for topical delivery of plant-derived bioactives. The formulation process involved systematic variation of gelling agents, emulsifiers, and oil-to-water ratios, resulting in an optimized formulation with suitable pH (6.1), viscosity, spreadability, and homogeneity. Stability assessments and HPTLC profiling confirmed the formulation’s chemical integrity over a 3-month period. LC-MS analysis identified twelve key phytochemicals, including eugenol, eugenyl acetate, apigenin, kaempferol, rutin, luteolin, ferulic acid, and quercetin, known for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regenerative properties. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, a network pharmacology study was conducted, revealing significant interactions between these compounds and genes involved in wound healing, such as IL6, TNF, MMP9, TP53, and EGFR. The constructed network contained 44 nodes and over 100 edges, highlighting the multitarget capabilities of the formulation. Gene ontology enrichment further confirmed associations with biological processes like burn wound healing, oxidative stress response, inflammation, and skin development. This multidisciplinary study underscores the significance and novelty of combining traditional herbal knowledge with modern delivery systems and systems biology tools. The findings suggest that the Mirabilis jalapa–clove oil emulgel holds great promise as a natural, safe, and effective topical agent for managing wounds. Future work will focus on in vivo validation, clinical evaluation, and expanding its applications to chronic and infected wound conditions.

Folate Anchored Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Lung A549 Adenocarcinoma Cell Targeting

2025-07-02T09:56:24+00:00

Background: Nanomedicine faces significant challenges in targeted drug delivery using nanocarriers. The background of this approach lies in addressing the challenges of conventional chemotherapy, such as systemic toxicity, poor bioavailability, and drug resistance. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are advantageous due to their biocompatibility, ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, and controlled drug release properties. Folate conjugation further enhances the specificity of these carriers, making them a promising tool for lung cancer treatment.

Objective: A newly developed folate-anchored nanostructured lipid carrier (F-NLCs) with pegylated polymer shows potential in enhancing targeting efficiency toward cancer cells and minimizing drug-related side effects.

Method: This study evaluates the impact of F-NLCs on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells using the SRB assay method. Paclitaxel, a widely-used anticancer agent, was incorporated into F-NLCs via the ethanol injection technique.

Result: The formulations were characterized for particle size and zeta potential, and their cancer targeting potential was assessed on A549 cells. F-NLCs displayed a particle size of 231.11±2.3 nm and a zeta potential of 10.2±0.3 mV. These carriers exhibited the highest cell growth inhibition rates compared to P-NLCs formulations, with a dose-dependent inhibition observed in A549 cells. Increased drug concentration in cancer cells was noted, likely due to receptor-specific targeting facilitated by folate conjugation.

Conclusion: F-NLCs represent a stable, secure, and potentially effective drug delivery system for lung cancer targeting, showcasing enhanced uptake and inhibition of cancer cells.

A Comparative Study Of Intraoral Sublabial Excision Of Nasolabial Cyst With And Without Unilateral Nasal Packing

2025-07-02T10:04:09+00:00

Background: Nasolabial cysts also known as Klestadt’s cysts are relatively rare benign epithelial non-odontogenic soft tissue cysts that arise from the nasal alar region. Sublabial excision or transnasal endoscopic marsupialization is the standard treatment. Sublabial resection of the nasolabial cyst with unilateral nasal packing is considered as the most effective surgical modality of treatment.

Objective: The main aim of this study is to compare between both the methods to assess the intra-and post-operative outcomes and complications. To evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnosis and best modality of treatment of nasolabial cyst at our medical college hospital.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective study of 28 cases of nasolabial cysts managed between 2021 to 2024. Twenty eight patients presented by unilateral nasolabial cyst were included in this study and divided into two equal groups: Sublabial excision with Nasal packing (Group A – 14 patients) and Sublabial excision without Nasal packing (Group B – 14 patients). For all patients, postoperative pain, postoperative complications and recurrence of the nasolabial cyst were documented.

Results: Out of 28 patients of the nasolabial cyst, females were predominant 67.8%. Left side is more common 18 (64.2%) than Right side 10 (35.8%). All cases presented with nasal swelling and cosmetic disfigurement, unilateral nasal obstruction in 23 (82.15%), and pain in 3 (10.7%). Surgical site hematoma is less in group A 2 (7.14%) compared to group B 6 (21.4%). Nasal mucosal perforation during follow-up is less in group A 1 (3.57%) compared to group B 3 (10.7%). The overall complications were significantly lower in group A 3 (21.4%) when compared to group B 6 (42.8%). During 12 to 24 months of follow-up, no recurrence was detected in both the groups.

Conclusion: Nasolabial cysts are not a common clinical entity and present with swelling over the upper lip and nasal obstruction. Intraoral sublabial approach is the most common surgical techniques for excision of the nasolabial cyst. After surgical excision, unilateral nasal packing will prevent further postoperative complications and chance of recurrence are rare.

Formulation Of Herbal Drug into Modern Dosage Form

2025-07-02T11:07:22+00:00

Herbal medicine, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), encompasses the use of herbs, herbal components, preparations, and finished products derived from botanical sources. These remedies are abundant in phytochemicals bioactive compounds such as saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids - which contribute to their diverse therapeutic effects. Herbal treatments are employed in the management of various health conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders, skin infections, inflammation, migraines, and fatigue. Compared to conventional pharmaceuticals, herbal medicines are generally associated with fewer side effects and greater affordability, enhancing their appeal and accessibility. Recent advancements in pharmaceutical technology have led to the development of novel herbal drug delivery systems such as transfersomes, ethosomes, microspheres, phytosomes, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanocapsules that significantly improve the solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery of herbal compounds. Among these innovations, phytosome technology stands out as a patented approach that combines herbal extracts with phospholipids to enhance absorption and therapeutic efficacy. These advanced systems not only optimize the pharmacological performance of herbal medicines but also ensure better protection of active ingredients against degradation. The integration of modern delivery technologies with traditional herbal remedies marks a significant evolution in the field, expanding the clinical utility and reinforcing the relevance of herbal medicine in modern healthcare. Ongoing research and development in this area hold promising potential for further innovations and broader therapeutic applications.

Assessment of Lifestyle Practices, Medication Adherence and Cardiovascular Complications of Metabolic Syndrome in Geriatric Inpatients at Tertiary Care Hospital

2025-07-02T11:13:56+00:00

Background: Metabolic syndrome is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The combination of proper education, good lifestyle practices, and medication adherence helps to improve good therapeutic effect and quality of life. And also, prevent cardiovascular complications.

Objective: To assess the lifestyle practices and cardiovascular complications of metabolic syndrome in geriatric patients. And also, to evaluate the medication adherence and barriers for non-compliance.

Methodology: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted for a duration of one year. Totally, 650 of both male and female patients of age above 65 were enrolled. Ethical approval was obtained from MIMS, Mandya. The patients who are having at least three components from the diagnostic criteria of South Asians were included. Details such as demographics, lifestyle practices, occupation, physical activity, medication adherence, and cardiovascular complications were collected and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: Among 650 patients, 344 (53%) male patients are more admitted to the hospital. There is a relationship between age, education, economic status, and area of residence with respect to metabolic syndrome. The good lifestyle practices, such as a protein and fat diet, are seen in 165 (25.6%) patients. The maximum number of patients consume 521 (80.3%) of 3 times coffee/day as a bad habit. Physical activity was seen in 216 (33.5%) patients. Medication adherence was found to be 58.9% of patients, and forgetfulness was the main barrier to non-adherence in 34 (27%) patients. Among cardiovascular complications, the majority are suffering from coronary artery diseases 104 (35%).

Conclusion: Our study concludes that male patients were more prevalent, and age, income, education, and residence also influence the development of metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle practices and medication adherence both are essential to achieving good therapeutic effect and preventing cardiovascular complications in geriatric patients.

Neuroprotective Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Ferulic Acid on Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Rats

2025-07-02T11:22:26+00:00

Background: Increased nociceptive sensitivity and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP), a chronic and incapacitating condition brought on by nerve damage or metabolic abnormalities. Rats' chronic constriction injury (CCI) model accurately mimics human PNP. Natural antioxidants ferulic acid (FA) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) have strong anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. In a CCI-induced PNP model in rats, this study examined and contrasted the therapeutic potential of ALA, FA, and their combination with the common medication gabapentin.

Methods: Five groups (n=6) of adult Wistar rats were created: Disease Control, Gabapentin (30 mg/kg, i.p.), alpha-lipoic acid (25 mg/kg, p.o.), ferulic acid (10 mg/kg, p.o.), and a combination of alpha-lipoic acid + ferulic acid (12 mg/kg + 5 mg/kg, p.o.). Mechanical allodynia (von Frey), cold allodynia (acetone), thermal hyperalgesia (hot plate), and mechanical hyperalgesia (pinprick) tests were among the behavioural evaluations. In sciatic nerve homogenates, biochemical analyses determined the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA, and TNF-α. Axonal integrity and inflammation were evaluated by histopathological analysis.

Results: Pro-inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and nociceptive behaviour were all markedly elevated by CCI. ALA or FA monotherapy produced modest gains. However, their combined effects closely mirrored those of gabapentin, significantly reducing pain behaviour and normalising oxidative and inflammatory parameters. Better axonal preservation in combination-treated rats was confirmed by histology.

Conclusion: The synergistic neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of ALA and FA, particularly when combined, point to their potential as an adjuvant or alternative therapy for management of PNP.

Psychological Impact of Acne Vulgaris Among Adolescents and Adults Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital

2025-07-02T11:35:49+00:00

Background: Acne vulgaris is a prevalent dermatological condition among adolescents and adults, with psychological effects that are often under-recognized in clinical settings. It can lead to significant mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, regardless of clinical severity.

Objectives: To assess the psychological impact of acne vulgaris using standardized tools and to evaluate the relationship between acne severity and levels of anxiety, depression, and self-esteem.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from March to June 2025 in the Dermatology OPD of a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow. A total of 160 patients aged 15–35 years with clinically diagnosed acne were enrolled through consecutive sampling. Acne severity was assessed using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS), while psychological parameters were evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Data were analysed using SPSS version 24.

Results: Moderate acne was the most common (51.9%). Moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression were observed in 47.5% and 28.75% of participants, respectively, while 51.25% had low self-esteem. Acne severity showed a strong positive correlation with anxiety (r = 0.52) and depression (r = 0.47), and a negative correlation with self-esteem (r = –0.41), all statistically significant (p < 0.001). Females had significantly higher anxiety and depression scores and lower self-esteem than males (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Acne vulgaris significantly affects psychological well-being. Routine mental health assessment should be integrated into acne management, especially in high-risk groups such as females and those with moderate-to-severe acne.

Pelvic Rocking and Birth Ball Interventions to Reduce Duration of Second Stage of Labor and Improve Neonatal APGAR Scores

2025-07-02T12:01:57+00:00

Prolonged second-stage labor is a critical obstetric issue that increases the risk of maternal and neonatal complications, including postpartum hemorrhage and neonatal asphyxia. These complications can lead to low APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) scores, sepsis, and perinatal mortality. In Indonesia, 12–15% of labor cases are reported to be prolonged, highlighting the need for effective interventions. This study aimed to analyze the effects of pelvic rocking exercises and birth ball use on the duration of the second stage of labor and neonatal APGAR scores.

This quasi-experimental study employed a post-test-only control group design and involved 40 primigravida mothers selected through purposive sampling from several health facilities in Gowa Regency, including TPMB Hj. Kasmawati, Hj. Hamsinah, Hj. Kumala Ratna, Bajeng Health Center, and Bontonompo II Health Center. Participants were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received pelvic rocking exercises and birth ball therapy during labor.

The results showed a significant reduction in the duration of the second stage of labor in the intervention group compared to the control group (Mann–Whitney test, p = 0.000). However, there was no significant difference in neonatal APGAR scores at 5 minutes (p = 0.673) and 10 minutes (p = 0.277) between the groups. While pelvic rocking and birth ball interventions effectively shortened the second stage of labor through biomechanical and neuroendocrine mechanisms, they did not significantly influence neonatal outcomes as measured by APGAR scores, possibly due to other overriding clinical factors.

Evaluation of Effectiveness and Safety of Video Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment

2025-07-03T04:30:31+00:00

Background: Although anal fistulae are common and well-studied, complex forms remain challenging to treat, requiring a careful balance between preventing recurrence and preserving continence—making minimally invasive techniques like video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT) a promising option due to their sphincter-sparing approach and ability to accurately identify internal openings and secondary tracts.

Aim: The primary goal of this prospective pilot study is to evaluate the safety and benefits of using the new device “Fistuloscope” for the treatment of anal fistula, as Video Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment (VAAFT) is a novel technique that will be used during this study to treat anal fistula.

Subjects and methods: This prospective pilot study included 20 patients with fistula in ano who were presented to the Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University Hospital, with the study conducted from March 2018 until August 2020 (two years and five months).

Result: The mean age of males was 42.4 years and the mean age of females was 38.2 years. The internal fistula opening was closed by advancement flap in 6 patients (30%) using vicryl 2/0, by stapler in 6 patients (30%) and by primary interrupted sutures using vicryl 2/0 in 8 patients (40%).

Conclusion: VAAFT is a safe and minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of complex anal fistula while preserving anal sphincter function. Neither this study nor other studies mentioned that it was damage to the anal sphincter or fecal incontinence, accordingly- we can consider VAAFT procedure as: Sphincter-Saving Fistula Surgery.

Assessing The Role Of Gender In Objective And Subjective Question Outcomes In Medical Physiology Among First Year Medical Students

2025-07-03T04:40:15+00:00

Background: Context: Several studies have indicated that female medical students tend to outperform their male counterparts in subjective assessments. Studies in other subjects like Physics and Mathematics, as well as entrance exams, suggest that male students perform better in Multiple Choice Question (MCQ)-based assessments. Limited research has been conducted on gender differences in performance across objective and subjective assessments in medical education. Our study aims to examine the differences in performance between male and female students in Physiology assessments.

Aims: To compare the performance of male and female students in MCQ based and subjective assessment in Physiology.

Settings and Design: The study was conducted as a retrospective cross-sectional study. Marks obtained by all 299 students from 2 batches 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 in the prefinal exams of Physiology were collected.

Methods and Material: Marks obtained in MCQ and descriptive sections of both Paper I and Paper II together were converted to percentage (%) score and was analyzed with respect to gender.

Statistical analysis used: Comparison of percentage marks obtained by male(n=141) and female students(n=158) is done by Student T- test. Correlation between the marks obtained in MCQ and descriptive sections is done by Pearson Correlation.

Results: Students obtained significantly more percentage marks in MCQs (60.97%) as compared to Subjective questions (47.43%). Female students scored significantly more marks in descriptive part having subjective questions as compared to male students (Females-47.3%, Males- 44.95% p<0.001). Male students scored slightly higher percentage marks in MCQs; the difference is not statistically significant. There is statistically significant correlation of subjective and MCQ (objective) marks of all students put together.

Conclusions: Our study indicates that female students perform significantly better than their male counterparts in subjective tests, whereas no significant difference is observed between the genders in MCQ marks.

Computational Docking-Based Evaluation of Novel β-Lactam Analogues Against Treponema pallidum via RhoGTPase-Activating Protein (1RT2) Inhibition for Enhanced Antisyphilitic Activity

2025-07-03T05:13:01+00:00

Syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, remains a globally resurgent sexually transmitted infection with significant public health implications. Despite the proven efficacy of Penicillin G, emerging therapeutic challenges such as patient hypersensitivity, pharmacokinetic limitations in neurosyphilis, and resistance trends in related bacterial species necessitate the identification of novel or optimized β-lactam analogues. This study employed a structure-based drug design approach to evaluate the binding affinity and molecular interactions of five β-lactam derivatives Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, and Methicillin against RhoGTPase-activating protein (PDB ID: 1RT2), a surrogate target relevant to the regulation of host-pathogen cytoskeletal signaling. Molecular docking simulations were performed using AutoDock Vina and PyRx, and interaction analyses were visualized using Chimera and LigPlot+. Penicillin G exhibited the most favorable docking score (–9.1 kcal/mol), forming strong hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking with active site residues such as TYR181, TRP229, and GLN64, indicating a highly stable ligand–receptor complex. Comparative analysis revealed that increased steric bulk and polar substitutions in other analogues hindered optimal binding. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) findings suggest that minimal side chain substitutions and hydrophobic compatibility significantly enhance 1RT2 binding. These results highlight Penicillin G as a potent RhoGTPase pathway modulator and reinforce its superiority among β-lactam analogues for antisyphilitic therapy. Furthermore, this docking-based study provides mechanistic insights for the rational design of next-generation spirocheticidal agents targeting regulatory protein systems.

A Meta-Analysis Of Load Balancing and Server Consolidation In Distributed Computing Environments

2025-07-03T05:19:40+00:00

The increasing demand for cloud computing services has significantly impacted server farms, placing substantial strain on the infrastructure. In distributed systems, dynamic computing patterns can lead to irregular load distribution across server farm resources, resulting in over- or under-loaded servers. This imbalance not only increases energy consumption but also leads to inefficient operations and resource wastage. While optimizing for energy efficiency through server consolidation is a common approach, it often exacerbates issues like uneven load distribution across physical machines (PMs), which can negatively impact system performance. This paper presents a comprehensive review of load balancing algorithms achieved through server consolidation in distributed computing environments. A meta-analysis of existing literature on this topic highlights key approaches that optimize resource utilization while improving Quality of Service (QoS) metrics. Additionally, we provide a novel classification of load balancing and server consolidation strategies based on various factors, including migration overhead, hardware constraints, network traffic, and system reliability. By exploring these factors, we aim to contribute a refined framework that enables more efficient load balancing and server consolidation in real-world applications. This work offers insights into how these algorithms can enhance server farm operations, ensuring better scalability, reduced energy consumption, and improved service quality.

Examine How Global Climate Change is Affecting the Migration Routes, Timing, and Behaviours of Various Animal Species

2025-07-03T05:42:17+00:00

The ecological systems are being transformed radically on account of climatic change, with the movement of animals being one of the most noticeably disturbed phenomena. Changes in temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and climatic extremes alter the timing, path and patterns of the behaviour of migratory species across taxes. In this research work, stochastic nonlinear modeling will be deployed in the attempt of examining the effects of environmental noise and bifurcations in climate variables, as well as threshold dynamics on the animal migration patterns. By combining climate models with field-based telemetry and behavioral data we also show that migration patterns are growing more erratic, being altered to more Department and pole-ward or high altitude destinations and that the traditional behavioral cues are being subsumed by the climate variability. Stochastic differential equations modeling system forming consideration of nonlinear multiplicative-noise interactions and delayed feedback are established to model migration thresholds in response to altering environmental forcing. The simulation results are corroborated with the telemetry data belonging to Arctic terns, monarch butterflies, and caribou, which show that the variability of migratory timing and the bifurcation point of migration routes is uplifted. Such results may imply a new regime of an already changing ecology, in which significant changes in climatic variables trigger enhanced biological response as an equivalent of a stochastic resonance. The results in our analysis offer a window to understanding how uncertainties driven by climate transfer through ecological systems providing the basis of predictive conservation modelings and adaptive management of ecological systems.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Cedrus Deodara leaves extract on Carbon tetra-chloride induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

2025-07-03T06:01:47+00:00

Background: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a well-established agent for inducing oxidative liver injury. While Cedrus deodara holds traditional relevance in hepatoprotection, its leaves extract remains scientifically underexplored. This study evaluates the biochemical and histological effects of its methanolic extract in a CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity model.

Methods: Leaves were methanol-extracted via Soxhlet apparatus. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control, CCl₄ control, two Cedrus Deodara extract-treated groups (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.), and a silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) standard group. Extract and silymarin was administered once daily for 14 days. Hepatotoxicity was induced via CCl₄ (1 ml/kg i.p. 1:1 v/v in olive oil) on Days 7 and 14. Biochemical parameters (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin), and liver histopathology were evaluated.

Results: CCl₄ significantly elevated hepatic markers. Treatment with C. deodara extract, especially at 500 mg/kg, restored biochemical levels (p < 0.001) and improved hepatic architecture, with outcomes comparable to silymarin.

Conclusion: Methanolic leaves extract of C. deodara confers dose-dependent hepatoprotection, likely via free radical scavenging and membrane stabilization. Its safety profile and efficacy validate its traditional use and warrant further pharmacodynamic investigation.

Formulation And Evaluation Of Rizatriptan Benzoate Mouth Dissolving Tablets Using Natural Superdisintegrants

2025-07-03T07:09:18+00:00

Introduction: Rizatriptan benzoate is a new generation anti-migraine drug, potent and selective 5-hydroxy tryptamine 1B/1D receptor agonist used for the treatment of acute migraine attack. The bioavailability of Rizatriptan benzoate is about 45%. The half-life is 2 to 3 hours. The aim of the study was to formulate Rizatriptan benzoate mouth dissolving tablets (MDT) to enhance the dissolution rate to facilitate quick onset of action.

Methods: Total nine formulations were developed by direct compression method using three natural super-disintegrants. DSC was conducted to study the drug-excipient interaction. All the formulations were subjected for in vitro evaluation tests. Stability study was performed on optimized formulation for 6 months period of time.

Results: All the developed formulations were lies within the pharmacopeia limits. Based on the disintegration time and drug release studies, F3 formulation was selected as optimized formulation. Further, it was subjected for stability studies and was stable for a period of 6 months.

Conclusion: Rizatriptan benzoate mouth dissolving tablets were successfully prepared by the direct compression method using karaya gum, xanthan gum and plantago ovata as superdisintegrants. The optimized formulation (i.e., F3) showed fast disintegration, highest dissolution and was stable for 6 months.

DHFR: A promising drug target for the identification of antimalarial agents

2025-07-03T07:16:55+00:00

Malaria continues to be a significant worldwide health concern, characterized by a substantial illness burden and fatality rate. The escalating resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to standard antimalarial medications highlights the pressing need for novel therapeutic approaches. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a prominent therapeutic target in malaria, serving as a crucial enzyme in the folate biosynthesis pathway, which is important for the replication and survival of the parasite's DNA. Nonetheless, extensive resistance to antifolates such as pyrimethamine has emerged due to point mutations in the dhfr gene. This has resulted in a revitalized focus on creating innovative DHFR inhibitors that are efficacious against resistant strains. Recent advancements in medicinal chemistry and structure-based drug design have enabled the identification of novel molecules with enhanced affinity for mutant DHFR variants. The present review examines malaria incidence, resistance mechanisms, and highlights DHFR as a crucial target for the development of next-generation antimalarials..

A Review on Cysteine Protease Inhibitors as Antimalarial Agents

2025-07-03T07:22:01+00:00

Malaria is a significant worldwide health challenge as evident from the latest WHO malaria report. The disease, predominantly caused by Plasmodium falciparum, has become progressively challenging to manage due to the establishment and dissemination of resistance to existing antimalarial medications, including chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and artemisinin-based therapies. The increasing resistance underscores the pressing necessity to identify and formulate new antimalarial agents with innovative modes of action. A promising research avenue focuses on targeting parasite-specific enzymes critical for survival, especially cysteine proteases. Falcipain-2, a papain-like cysteine protease, is crucial for hemoglobin breakdown throughout the intraerythrocytic phase of the parasite's life cycle. Recent research has revealed many falcipain-2 inhibitors, such as vinyl sulfones, artemisinin hybrids, quinoline-based compounds, and suramin analogues, many of which exhibit significant antiparasitic efficacy and the ability to surmount resistance. This review highlights the potential of falcipain-2 as a target for antimalarial drug development. Continued research in this domain may result in the identification of efficacious treatments for drug-resistant malaria.

Comparative Analysis of Rives-Stoppa versus Onlay Mesh Repair Techniques for Incisional Hernia: A Prospective Study

2025-07-03T08:58:00+00:00

Background: Incisional hernia represents a significant complication following abdominal surgery with an incidence of approximately 20%. This study compares the outcomes of retromuscular prefascial mesh placement versus onlay mesh repair in incisional hernia surgery.

Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Warangal, from August 2022 to July 2024. Fifty patients with incisional hernia were randomly allocated into two equal groups: Group A underwent retromuscular prefascial mesh placement (Rives-Stoppa technique) and Group B underwent onlay mesh repair. Inclusion criteria included age 15-65 years, defect size <20 cm, and fitness for anesthesia. Primary outcomes included recurrence rates and postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes included operative parameters and patient satisfaction.

Results: The study population comprised 32 females and 18 males with mean age 44.6±10.5 years. Obstetric surgeries accounted for 62% of previous operations. The prefascial group showed significantly higher perioperative hemorrhage rates (28% vs 4%, p=0.04) but significantly lower postoperative infection rates: superficial wound infection (4% vs 32%, p=0.02) and deep wound infection (4% vs 28%, p=0.04). Overall early postoperative complications were lower in the prefascial group (24% vs 60%, p=0.01). No recurrence occurred in the prefascial group compared to 4% in the onlay group during follow-up.

Conclusion: While both techniques are effective, retromuscular prefascial mesh placement offers superior infection control despite higher perioperative bleeding risk. The technique demonstrates excellent outcomes with zero recurrence rates, making it a preferred approach for experienced surgeons managing appropriately selected patients with incisional hernias.

Promoting Sustainability and Social Responsibility Through HRM in Neonatal Surgical Care

2025-07-03T09:49:02+00:00

The role of Human Resource Management (HRM) in promoting sustainability and social responsibility has become increasingly significant in the healthcare sector, especially within neonatal surgical care where ethical, environmental, and patient-centered practices are paramount. This paper explores the strategic integration of HRM practices in advancing sustainability and fostering a socially responsible culture in neonatal surgical settings. By examining how core HR functions—such as recruitment, training, performance management, and employee engagement—can be tailored to support sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) objectives in neonatal care, this study emphasizes HRM's vital role in enhancing patient outcomes, workforce well-being, and community trust. Through a review of literature and healthcare-specific case studies, the research identifies effective HRM strategies that promote green practices, ethical leadership development, and social outreach within neonatal surgical units. The study also addresses the unique challenges and ethical considerations of implementing sustainable HRM in the high-stakes, resource-intensive environment of neonatal surgery. Findings suggest that healthcare organizations that proactively align HRM with CSR and sustainability not only contribute to societal and environmental well-being but also benefit from improved employee morale, enhanced organizational reputation, and strengthened patient trust. This paper provides practical insights for HR professionals and healthcare leaders seeking to build socially responsible, sustainable, and patient-focused neonatal surgical care teams..

Comparative Analysis of Pain Management Strategies Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

2025-07-03T10:15:04+00:00

Background: Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the standard and most effective procedure for treating gallstone disease, patients often report experiencing moderate postoperative pain within the first 24 hours following surgery This can hinder early mobilization and elongate their hospital stay. Recovery outcome and analgesic preference greatly impacts patient satisfaction along with postoperative discomfort. This investigation centered on evaluating the efficacy of three postoperative analgesic regimens: intravenous NSAIDs alone, NSAID-opioid combinations, and TAP block coupled with NSAID administration in patients who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: A total of 81 patients scheduled for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy during the observational period were prospectively entered into the study with random allocation into three groups (n=27). Participants in group A only received intravenous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), while group B patients received NSAIDs and opioids. Furthermore, patients in group C received TAP blocks along with intravenous NSAIDs. Pain was assessed using the ‘Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)’ at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours. Time to first request for analgesia, total consumption of analgesics, incidence of nausea and vomiting, length of hospitalization, and overall patient-reported satisfaction concerning pain management were considered as secondary outcome measures.

Results: Compared to groups A and B, participants in Group C (TAP bloc) exhibited a significant reduction in VAS scores at every measured time point (p < 0.001). Participants also consumed less opioids, had longer durations before analgesic requests, and faster recovery milestones indicating early mobilization as well as shorter duration of hospitalization. Satisfaction was maximum with TAP block; this group also reported the least postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Conclusion: The use of TAP block with IV NSAIDs markedly enhances postoperative pain control, recovery, and patient satisfaction following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This approach could significantly augment the multimodal analgesic strategy in conventional surgical care.

Buccal Fat Pad as a Plastic Surgery Solution for Oroantral Fistula Repair in Maxillofacial Trauma

2025-07-03T10:24:55+00:00

Background: An oroantral fistula (OAF) is a pathological void or defect that forms a passage between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity. This condition arises most commonly due to an extraction of a posterior maxillary tooth or any traumatic event involving the posterior maxilla region. Untreated OAFs can lead to chronic sinusitis, impaired oral function, and other infections. Closure of OAF with buccal fat pad flap has emerged as a simple and reliable technique because BFP is well vascularized supply. To assess the clinical outcomes of using the buccal fat pad flap in the surgical repair of oroantral fistulae, particularly in patients with maxillofacial trauma or extraction-related defects.

Methods: A prospective case series was conducted at Burn and plastic surgery center Hayatabad Peshawar from feburary 2023 to October 2024, enrolling 51 patients diagnosed with OAF. After detailed assessment, all patients underwent surgical closure using a pedicled BFP flap. Variables recorded included flap viability, presence of post-operative infection, and fistula closure at three-month follow-up. Associations between patient factors and surgical outcomes were analyzed.

Results: The mean age of participants was within the 30–45 year range, with a slight female predominance. Tooth extraction (41.2%) and trauma (35.3%) were the leading causes of OAF. The success rate of fistula closure was 84.3%. Flap viability was maintained in 76.5% of patients, while 19.6% experienced postoperative infection. Flap viability was significantly associated with closure outcome (p < 0.05), whereas smoking and comorbidities were not.

Conclusion: The buccal fat pad flap is an effective, minimally invasive solution for closing oroantral fistulae, particularly in trauma-related cases. Its high success rate, low complication profile, and adaptability make it a valuable option in oral and maxillofacial surgical practice.

Macular Thickness Changes Following Phacoemulsification In Diabetic And Non Diabetic Patients - An Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Guided Tertiary Care Centre Study

2025-07-03T10:35:56+00:00

Background: Cataract is a leading cause of reversible blindness, and its coexistence with diabetes mellitus poses challenges in post-operative recovery due to the risk of macular edema. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a valuable tool to evaluate subtle retinal changes.

Objective: This study aims to assess and compare the macular thickness changes following phacoemulsification in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic cataract patients, and to correlate these changes with glycemic control.

Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary care center involving 180 patients, equally divided into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Preoperative and postoperative macular thickness measurements were performed using OCT at baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after phacoemulsification. Blood sugar profiles, including HbA1c, were evaluated. Statistical analyses was conducted to assess correlations between glycemic control and macular changes.

Results: While preoperative macular parameters were similar between the two groups, diabetic patients demonstrated significantly higher central macular thickness and macular cube volume at 1 week post-surgery (p<0.05). Poorly controlled diabetics (HbA1c ≥6.5%) exhibited greater macular thickening compared to those with better glycemic control. However, by 12 weeks, differences in macular thickness between groups were statistically non-significant.

Conclusion: Diabetic patients, especially those with poor glycemic control, are at increased risk for early postoperative macular thicknesschanges following phacoemulsification. OCT monitoring and optimal blood sugar control are help to ensure favorable visual outcomes in these patients

Comparison Of Conjunctival Autograft And Topical Mitomycin C In Primary Pterygium Surgery For Prevention Of Recurrence: A Tertiary Care Centre

2025-07-03T10:40:59+00:00

Background: Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder characterized by a fibrovascular growth of conjunctival tissue onto the cornea. Surgical excision is the primary treatment, but recurrence remains a significant challenge. This study compares the efficacy and safety of conjunctival limbal autograft (CLAG) and intraoperative topical Mitomycin C (MMC) in preventing recurrence after primary pterygium surgery.

Methods: A hospital-based randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, IIMS&R, Lucknow, involving 70 patients with primary pterygium. Participants were randomly assigned to Group A (MMC, n=35) or Group B (CLAG, n=35). Preoperative and postoperative assessments included visual acuity, tear film tests (TBUT and Schirmer's), slit lamp examination, and recurrence grading using Prabhasawat's classification. Patients were followed for 6 months.

Results: Recurrence was observed in 8.5% of Group A and 2.8% of Group B at 6 months. The mean time to recurrence was slightly earlier in the MMC group (175.14 ± 5.26 days) compared to the CLAG group (178.43 ± 2.12 days). Postoperative complications like corneal haze were more common in the MMC group. Visual acuity improved in both groups, but CLAG had better postoperative stability and fewer complications.

Conclusion: Both CLAG and MMC are effective in reducing pterygium recurrence, but CLAG is superior in terms of lower recurrence and complication rates. It is recommended as the preferred surgical approach in primary pterygium cases.

Life Skill Training and Self Efficacy of The Caregivers with Behavioural Disorder Children

2025-07-03T10:58:22+00:00

Background: Psychological health of the primary caregivers has an impact on the outcome of the behaviour of the children with ADHD, CD and ODD. Parents and caregivers often faced conflict between family members, high irritability and poor self-efficacy. The reviewed literature indicated that parent mediated intervention helps in balancing their wellbeing.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of life skill training on self –efficacy of the caregivers with behavioral disorder children.

Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted in the year 2022 to 2023 at two tertiary care hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal. Hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. One hundred and twenty caregivers attending Child guidance clinic of psychiatric outpatient department of the tertiary care hospitals were recruited in a single blind randomized control trial and randomly allocated in experimental and control group. Life skill training (LST) administered to 60 caregivers in 4 sessions at an interval of two weeks along with standard mental health care. Each session consisted of 2 hours. Control group received the available standard mental health care services. The outcome variable is measured by translated and validated standardized general self –efficacy questionnaire at baseline, immediately, 1 months and 2 months after the completion of intervention respectively.

Result: Among the caregiver’s majority of them belonged to 31 – 40 years age group. In experimental and control group, 36.65 and 35 percentages of them had secondary education respectively. Majority of them are female and home makers. 50 % of the children belongs to age group of 8-11 yrs in experimental group and 46.67 % of the control group belongs to 8-11 yrs age group. Majority of them diagnosed with ADHD. Mean self –efficacy of the experimental group is 23.01(±3.58) and control group is 22.9 (±5.24) at baseline. And significantly differ from control group at 0.001level of significance after intervention. The improvement of the caregivers self efficacy is sustained in consecutive measurement. So life skill training has positive impact on caregivers’ self- efficacy.

Conclusion: Family care givers of the children having behavioural disorder develops inadequate self-efficacy and has impact on their well being. They are in need of guidance and support from the health care providers. Proper education and training on life skill intervention can be the resource of increasing abilities to combat the demand of care giving among care givers and helps in prevention of diseases. Integration of life skill training as a comprehensive approach in multidisciplinary health care services is beneficial for the caregivers.

Long-Term Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Cognitive Function in Prostate Cancer Patients

2025-07-03T11:44:52+00:00

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains foundational in managing advanced prostate cancer. Although quite successful at managing the progression of tumors, its impact on cognitive functioning over a prolonged period is concerning. This study sought to examine the association between ADT duration and cognitive performance among prostate cancer patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2023 and December 2024 with 71 prostate cancer patients on ADT. Participants were categorized into two groups based on duration of therapy: less than 2 years, and 2 years or more. Cognitive domains were assessed using MMSE, MoCA, HVLT, Trail Making B Test and Clock Drawing test. Other Depressive symptoms, fatigue, and quality of life were also measured. ‘Data analysis was conducted with SPSS v25 with significance set at p < 0.05’.

Results: Patients on long-term ADT exhibited significantly lower scores in global cognition, memory, executive functioning, and visuospatial tasks compared to those on short-term therapy. Mean MMSE and MoCA scores were lower in the long-term group (26.4 vs. 27.9 and 22.1 vs. 24.2, respectively). Depression scores and fatigue levels were higher, while quality of life was significantly reduced in patients receiving ADT for two years or more.

Conclusion: Prolonged ADT use in prostate cancer patients is associated with a decline in cognitive performance and psychosocial well-being. These findings support the need for cognitive monitoring and multidisciplinary support during long-term hormone therapy.

Microbiome Alterations in Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

2025-07-03T11:50:42+00:00

Background: Chronic Prostatitis/ Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a widespread disease among men, featuring persistent pelvic discomfort and urinary symptoms in the absence of infection. Recent studies suggest that gut microbiota may influence systemic inflammation and pain signaling pathways, thus offering clues into the possible pathophysiology of CP/CPPS. ‘To compare the gut microbiome profile of patients with CP/CPPS to that of healthy individuals, and to explore possible associations with clinical symptoms and lifestyle factors’.

Methods: A case-control study was carried out over the span of a year, from May 2023 to December 2024, with a sample size of 51 men. This included 26 patients diagnosed with CP/CPPS and 25 health matched controls. Relevant demographic information such as age alongside clinical history with symptoms severity scoring was captured systematically. Stool samples were gathered and analyzed via DNA sequencing for the 16S rRNA gene. Intergroup comparison of microbial diversity indices and taxonomic composition was carried out using appropriate statistical approaches.

Results: Patients diagnosed with CP/CPPS exhibited decreased alpha diversity in comparison to the controls (Shannon index p = 0.004; Simpson index p = 0.006). In this group, increased relative abundance of Escherichia/Shigella together with decreased levels of some beneficial genera such as Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium were noted. Such microbial changes were coupled with an increase in recent antibiotic use and lower fiber intake among patients.

Conclusion: Patients with CP/CPPS exhibit signs of gut dysbiosis, marked by reduced microbial diversity and an imbalance in bacterial composition. These findings suggest a possible link between the gut microbiome and the persistence of pelvic pain symptoms, highlighting the potential of microbiome-targeted strategies in the management of CP/CPPS.

Role of Immunomodulators in Reducing Postoperative Inflammation in Facial Reconstructive Surgery

2025-07-03T11:56:58+00:00

Background: Reconstructive surgery on the face routinely provokes a strong inflammatory reaction that slows wound healing and raises the likelihood of complications. Surgeons have therefore turned to immunomodulating agents to tame this response, yet the supporting clinical evidence remains sparse. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of immunomodulators in reducing inflammation and improving recovery outcomes following facial reconstructive surgery.

Methods: Between January 2023 and January 2024, a prospective comparative study at Burns and Plastic Surgery Center Hayatabad, enrolling 61 subjects who received facial reconstructive surgery. Participants were allocated to two cohorts: those treated with immunomodulatory medication (Group A, n=31) and a control group that received standard care alone (Group B, n=30). Investigators recorded and statistically analyzed postoperative inflammation markers, clinical signs, wound healing duration, and any post-surgical complications.

Results: Patients in Group A demonstrated significantly lower CRP, WBC, and IL-6 levels within 24 hours postoperatively (p < 0.01). They also exhibited reduced facial swelling, faster wound healing, and fewer infections compared to the control group. Hospital stay was shorter in the immunomodulator group (p < 0.001). No serious adverse events were associated with immunomodulator use.

Conclusion: The use of immunomodulators, particularly corticosteroids, appears to effectively reduce inflammation and support better recovery in facial reconstructive surgery. Their inclusion in perioperative management protocols may improve both clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction..

Integration of Art in Pathology Education Insights from the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy

2025-07-03T12:02:57+00:00

Introduction: Traditional pathology education often relies on didactic instruction and visual memorization, which may fail to engage students or support the development of key diagnostic and reflective skills.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of art-based learning methods on student engagement, comprehension, diagnostic skill development, and reflective learning in pathology education among students of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal during June 2023 to November 2024. The study sample consisted of 285 undergraduate students enrolled in pathology courses. These students represented various academic years within the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy and were exposed to at least one form of art-based intervention as part of their pathology instruction. Participation in the study was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from all students.

Results: Out of the 285 students, 273 completed the survey (response rate: 95.8%). Approximately 85% agreed that art-based interventions enhanced their understanding of pathological concepts. Engagement levels were high, with 91% reporting increased motivation through artistic methods. Observational and diagnostic skill development was noted by 73% of participants. Statistically significant differences were observed between medicine and pharmacy students in perceived skill improvement (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that integrating art into pathology education positively impacts student engagement, comprehension, and reflective capacity. This approach supports the development of core diagnostic skills while fostering empathy and creativity.

Functional Outcomes of Dual Mobility Cups in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

2025-07-03T12:09:20+00:00

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most common surgical interventions performed to restore function and alleviate discomfort in patients with severe hip joint diseases. Nonetheless, THA carries a risk of postoperative dislocation which continues to remain a significant concern. Dislocation risks may be lowered with the new design dual mobility cups that attempt to balance range of motion and stability within the joint components. This study was conducted ‘to assess the functional outcomes and complication rates associated with the use of dual mobility cups in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty’.

Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out from January 2023 to January 2024 on a sample of 59 patients who underwent primary THA with dual mobility cup implantation. ‘Patient demographics, comorbidities, surgical approach, fixation type, and postoperative complications were recorded’. Functional outcomes were measured using Harris Hip Scores over a follow-up period of up to one year.

Results: Dual mobility cups showed promising functional outcomes, with a notable improvement in mobility and pain reduction in most patients. The complication rate was low, with no cases of dislocation reported during the follow-up period. Most patients reported high satisfaction levels and returned to independent daily activities.

Conclusion: The application of dual mobility cups in primary total hip arthroplasty enhances functional outcomes, improves stability, and minimizes complications. These findings support their continued use, especially in populations at higher risk of instability.

Formulation and evaluation of transdermal patch of Etodolac

2025-07-04T05:54:40+00:00

A transdermal patch is an adhesive medication that goes through your skin and into the bloodstream. These days, transdermal patches are widely used as delivery systems for topical, transdermal, and cosmetic products.Transdermal patches work in different ways, as does the active medication ingredient's passage through the skin from the patch to the circulatory system.Etodolac transdermal patch acts as a type of controlled drug delivery system used to boost the efficiency,compliance and convenient to patients.Transdermal patches are novel methods to deliver a drug into skin at a controlled rate while maintaining the therapeutic concentration. In transdermal patches drug is administered via skin which is an integral part of transdermal drug delivery system. Skin serves numerous purposes. Along with offering protection from many types of stress, such as thermal, chemical, and UV radiation, it also acts as a barrier against infections and water loss. Through a variety of nerve endings, the skin communicates with our surroundings, controls body temperature, improves metabolic processes, and synthesizes vitamin D.The skin has two main layers: the epidermis, which covers our body and prevents water loss, and the dermis, which has many glands, blood vessels, and receptors. Skin plays an important role transdermal drug delivery system such as barrier and drug absorption.This etodolac transdermal patch acts as a very useful patch because the drug layer constitutes as a rate-controlling membrane for effective and controlled drug release. This review can acts as the base for future research on this topic

Unveiling the Role of Social Determinants in Shaping Health Trajectories for Children and Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review

2025-07-04T06:02:05+00:00

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects worldwide, affecting children and adults alike. Although medical care advances have led to better outcomes, disparities in care continue, driven largely by social determinants of health (SDH). The goal of this review is to summarize data and generate future research directions about the contribution of SDH in defining the health trajectory of individuals with CHD throughout the lifespan. We investigate subtheme areas of SES, geographic access to care, racial/ethnic disparities, education, family support, and healthcare system navigation to inform policy, practice, and health equity interventions

Bovine Amnion-Alginate Sponge As A Modern Wound Dressing: A Literature Review On Bioactive Scaffold Integration For Chronic Wound Management

2025-07-04T06:07:11+00:00

Chronic wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, and pressure sores, pose an increasing healthcare challenge owing to their ongoing inflammation, prolonged healing process, and elevated risk of infection. Conventional wound dressings often lack the bioactivity and structural versatility required to manage these complex conditions effectively. In response, bioengineered scaffolds that combine biological and physical functionalities have gained attention. This review focuses on the Bovine Amnion-Alginate Sponge (BAAS). This innovative composite wound dressing merges the biological potency of the bovine amniotic membrane (BAM) with the exudate-handling capabilities of alginate. BAM is rich in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), which support angiogenesis, immune modulation, and tissue regeneration. Alginate, a polysaccharide obtained from brown algae, creates a hydrophilic gel when crosslinked with calcium, allowing it to sustain a moist environment for wounds while effectively absorbing surplus exudate. When integrated into a porous sponge structure, BAAS facilitates oxygen diffusion, cellular migration, and scaffold integrity—qualities essential for chronic wound management. Because the composite breaks down naturally, stays affordable, and can be applied without specialized equipment, it is especially useful in clinics with limited resources. While encouraging lab and early animal tests support its safety and usefulness, further living-animal studies and formal human trials are still needed to confirm BAASs healing power and fine-tune the recipe. Overall, BAAS appears to move wound care forward by offering a living, sturdy patch that helps stubborn sores finally close.

Effect Of Skeletonization Of Internal Mammary On The Incidence Of Deep Sternal Wound Infection And Post Operative Pain In Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

2025-07-04T06:11:33+00:00

Background: Coronary revascularization has advanced significantly since Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) was introduced over fifty years ago, remaining the gold standard for coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly in diabetics or multivessel disease cases.

Aim: To compare the early outcome of left skeletonized mammary harvesting and pedicled left mammary harvesting in cases having CABG operation.

Patients and methods: In this non-randomized prospective clinical trial, data of 230 cases with ischemic heart disease requiring CABG who were admitted to Kasr Al-Ainy Hospitals and other affiliated hospitals, in the duration from February 2023 to August 2024, categorized into to 2 groups: Group (A): 115 cases of CABG operation with skeletonized left internal mammary artery (LIMA) harvesting. Group (B):115 cases of CABG operation with pedicled LIMA harvesting.

Result: Pain levels, measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, were significantly reduced in the skeletonized group than the pedicled group (2.08±0.48 versus. 2.97±0.36; P<0.001). Postoperative paresthesia was also less frequent in the skeletonized group (12.2% versus. 22.6%; P=0.037). Nevertheless, insignificant differences have been observed in deep sternal wound infection (2.6% versus 4.3%; P=0.722) or sternal dehiscence (2.9% versus 1.7%; P=1). ICU and hospital stay durations were similar between groups, with mean ICU stays of 2.09±0.39 and 2.18±0.59 days, and hospital stays of 6.19±0.85 and 6.32±1.06 days, respectively.

Conclusion: LIMA harvesting reduced postoperative pain, blood drainage, and paresthesia compared to the pedicled technique, enabling more anastomoses. No differences were found in wound infection, sternal dehiscence, ICU stay, or hospitalization duration.

On The Lattice Of Subnormal Subgroups Of Matrix Groups

2025-07-04T06:24:42+00:00

In this paper we give the lattice structure of the lattice of subnormal subgroups of the group of 2 x 2 matrices over Z_P , having determinant value 1, under matrix multiplication modulo p ,where is a prime number and p=2,3. The properties satisfied are modular, dually semi modular and consistent

We also introduce the concept of almost subnormal subgroups of a group G and we give the lattice structure of the lattice of almost subnormal subgroups of the above mentioned group when p= 2, 3, 5 and 7.

The motivation for this study is the paper ‘Consistent Dually Semi modular lattices’ by Karen M. Gragg and Joseph P.S Kung, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 60,246-263(1992)

Myopia Incidence Among Premature Infants with Type-2 ROP and Without ROP: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study

2025-07-04T06:28:43+00:00

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) arises from the atypical development of retinal blood vessels in infants born prematurely. These infants face an increased likelihood of developing myopia, particularly those diagnosed with ROP. The occurrence and intensity of myopia in this population are associated with various factors, including low birth weight, the degree of prematurity, the severity of ROP, and the treatments administered for the condition. Purpose: This study aims to compare the incidence of myopia and examine the relationship between risk factors (birth weight, gestational age, oxygen use) and myopia in premature infants with Type 2 ROP and those without ROP at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Methods: This analytical observational study used a retrospective cohort design. All premature infants meeting the inclusion criteria from medical records between January 2017 and December 2022 were included. Visual acuity was assessed using Grating Acuity and Cycloplegic Examinations, and myopia was evaluated at 12 months using streak retinoscopy. Results: Among 67 preterm infants, 34 (50.7%) did not develop ROP, while 33 (49.3%) had Type 2 ROP. Most infants had a birth weight between 1500-2000 grams (43.3%) and a gestational age over 32 weeks (55.2%). Oxygen use was recorded in 39 infants (58.2%). Most infants did not develop myopia, with 62.7% in the left eye and 67.2% in the right eye. A notable difference in the incidence of myopia was observed between infants with Type 2 ROP and those without, with statistical significance (p = 0.002). In contrast, factors such as birth weight, gestational age, and oxygen therapy showed no significant association with myopia in either group. Conclusion: Preterm infants without ROP exhibited a lower rate of myopia compared to those with Type 2 ROP. The lack of correlation with common risk factors implies that impaired anterior segment development may contribute to the onset of myopia.

The Art of Fixation in ACL Surgery: A Comparative Review of Button, Screw, Pin, Staple, and Staple Anchor

2025-07-04T06:38:09+00:00

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common procedure in orthopedic surgery, and choosing the right graft fixation method is crucial for successful outcomes. This review compares the most commonly used fixation techniques—buttons, screws, cross-pins, staples, and staple anchors—based on their biomechanical performance, clinical results, and complications. Each method has its strengths and limitations. Cross-pins offer strong fixation but come with risks like joint damage. Screws are widely used but can cause graft slippage or tunnel problems. Buttons are flexible and provide high strength but may lead to tunnel motion. Staples and staple anchors are simple, affordable options, often used as supplementary fixation or in cases with graft-tunnel mismatch. Recently, bio-enhancement techniques such as platelet-rich plasma, biomaterials, and gene therapy have shown potential to improve graft healing and reduce complications. Overall, no single fixation method is best for all patients. The choice depends on the graft type, patient condition, and surgeon preference. Understanding the properties and limitations of each technique is key to optimizing ACL reconstruction results.

Optimizing The Physical and Biochemical Factors for Biosurfactant Production Using One Variable at A Time

2025-07-04T06:41:19+00:00

Biosurfactants are eco-friendly surface-active compounds with broad industrial applications, yet their commercial production is often hindered by low yields and high costs. This study focused on optimizing the physical and biochemical factors affecting biosurfactant production using the One Variable At a Time (OVAT) approach. Two biosurfactant-producing bacterial isolates—Achromobacter xylosoxidans (P5c) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P11)—were subjected to a range of culture conditions to evaluate the impact of different carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperatures, pH levels, and salt concentrations on biosurfactant yield, emulsification activity (%E24), surface tension (ST), and dry cell biomass (DCBM).

Among the tested parameters, glucose and glycerol emerged as the most favorable carbon sources, while ammonium nitrate supported the highest biosurfactant production among nitrogen sources. Optimal biosurfactant yields were observed at 35 °C and pH 7.0 for both isolates. Salt concentrations between 1% and 2% promoted the best microbial growth and biosurfactant activity, with P. aeruginosa showing higher salt tolerance than A. xylosoxidans. Emulsification activity and surface tension measurements corroborated the biosurfactant productivity under optimized conditions. This study demonstrated that targeted adjustment of key environmental and nutritional factors can significantly enhance biosurfactant production.

Analytical Case Study on Early Diagnostic Markers and Hormonal Management in a Neonate with Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

2025-07-04T08:34:05+00:00

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), primarily due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, can present at birth with ambiguous genitalia and adrenal insufficiency. We describe a term female neonate born via cesarean section who presented with ambiguous genitalia and was later diagnosed with classical CAH. Investigations revealed elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone and low cortisol levels. Genetic analysis confirmed CYP21A2 mutation. Hormonal therapy with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone was initiated early. Electrolyte imbalances were corrected. The child remained stable with regular follow-up and dosage adjustments. Early identification and initiation of hormone therapy in neonates with CAH is crucial to prevent adrenal crises and optimize long-term outcomes.

Correlation of Various Anthropometric Measurements to Identify Surrogate Markers for Low Birth Weight

2025-07-04T08:39:55+00:00

Low birth weight (LBW) is strongly associated with child growth and survival.Having a low birth weight (LBW) results in smaller size at birth, an increased risk ofmortality and morbidity. Occurrence of low birth weight (LBW), is a major public healthchallenge due to its association with neonatal, infant and under-five mortality and morbidity.The incidence of babies born with LBW is regarded as a sensitive indicator of a country'shealth and development. Anthropometry has been used to assess the quality and quantity ofgrowth and well-being in the fetus and newborn. The study conducted in the Department ofPediatrics at atertiary care Medical College and Hospital, Chennai between JAN 2020 toJAN 2021 fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 200 study participants were enrolled in this study. Among the study population, baby’s gender such as male and female was nearlyequal. The mean birth weight of the baby was 2.25±0.19 kg. The mean abdominal circumference was 28.65±3.18 cm and chest circumference was 31.18±2.24 cm. Also, thefoot length of the baby was 6.67±0.53cm, head circumference was 31.38±1.80 cm observed in this study (Fig.2). Besides, the mean values of length, mid-arm circumference, mid-calfcircumference, and mid-thigh circumference was 47.21±2.48 cm, 8.19±1.01 cm, 9.66±0.68cm, and 12.56±1.16 cm respectively. The above mentioned anthropometric indicators
significantly correlate with newborn birth weight. The best correlation is calf and chest circumference.

Phytochemical Screening and Mucoadhesive Microsphere-Based Delivery of Folk Medicinal Plant Extracts for Neuroprotective Applications.

2025-07-04T08:53:18+00:00

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases present major therapeutic challenges with limited treatment options. Folk medicinal plants contain promising neuroprotective compounds, but poor bioavailability restricts clinical application. This study developed mucoadhesive microsphere delivery systems to enhance bioavailability of phytochemicals from traditional neuroprotective plants. Methods: Five folk medicinal plants (Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Withania somnifera, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Evolvulus alsinoides) underwent successive extraction and comprehensive phytochemical screening using spectrophotometric, HPLC, and GC-MS analyses. Neuroprotective activity was evaluated in SH-SY5Y cells against H₂O₂-inducedoxidative stress. Chitosan-based mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation and characterized for drug delivery parameters.Results: Methanolic extracts yielded maximum phytochemicals (9.2-14.3%). Centella asiatica showed highest phenolic content (72.1 ± 3.8 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀: 38.2 ± 2.1 μg/mL). Strong correlation existed between phenolic content and antioxidant activity (r = 0.892, p < 0.01). All extracts demonstrated significant neuroprotection (50.1-69.5%) against oxidative damage. Optimized microspheres achieved 186.3 ± 12.4 μm particle size, 78.9 ± 4.2% encapsulation efficiency, and sustained pH- responsive release over 12 hours. Enhanced intestinal permeability (1.8-2.0 fold) and bioavailability (1.74-fold) were achieved versus free extracts. Conclusion: Integration of phytochemical screening with mucoadhesive microspheretechnology successfully addresses bioavailability limitations of traditional neuroprotective medicines, providing a framework for evidence-based phytotherapeutic development against neurodegenerative diseases.

Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Versus Capsicum Plaster on Emesis Gravidarum

2025-07-04T09:29:52+00:00

Objectives: To determine the difference between the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and capsicum plaster on emesis gravidarum. Design: Randomized clinical trial.

Location: This study was conducted at Kasr El Ainy University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.

Subjects: Fifty pregnant women with emesis gravidarum were split into two equal groups. They were between the ages of 20 and 35 years, with gestational age less than 20 weeks. Intervention: Group (A) received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) at p6 with the following parameters: Frequency: 80–120 Hz, Pulse width: 150 ms, Duration: 15 minutes for 30 consecutive days. Group (B) received capsicum plaster on p6 point for 12 hours per day for 30 consecutive days.

Outcome measures: a Rhodes index for nausea, vomiting, and retching. The assessment was performed pre- and post-treatment.

Results: Within the group comparison in groups (A) and (B), there was a significant difference in both groups between pre- and post-results. In between-group comparisons, there was no significant change across groups (A) and (B) in decreasing the intensity of distress due to retching, the intensity of distress due to vomiting, the volume of vomiting, or the amount and intensity of distress due to nausea per 24 hours. but there was significance difference between group (A) and (B) in favor of group (B) in decreasing the frequency of vomiting, frequency of retching, frequency and duration of nausea per 24 hours and in the total score of the questionnaire

Conclusion: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and capsicum plaster are both effective in the treatment of emesis gravidarum. Capsicum plaster is more beneficial than transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in decreasing the frequency of nausea, retching, and vomiting and reducing the duration of nausea

Circulating Tumor DNA: A Biomarker for Adjuvant Treatment Response in Stage III Colon Cancer

2025-07-04T10:00:55+00:00

In this prospective work, our purpose was to evaluate the impact of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analyses before, during and after adjuvant chemotherapy in completely resected stage III colon cancer patients, particularly in terms of disease-free survival (DFS). Additionally, we aimed to estimate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in decreasing ctDNA levels in the plasma. From January 2023 to December 2023, 77 patients with stage III colon cancer underwent complete surgical resection, were included in this study. These patients had undergone upfront resection of their primary tumors. All received adjuvant chemotherapy (CAPEOX or FOLFOX regimen) for six-month period. The median followup was 21 months from date of primary surgery. After six months of treatment, ctDNA levels were significantly associated with two-year DFS. Patients with low ctDNA levels exhibited better DFS compared to those with moderate ctDNA levels, who in turn had better DFS than patients with high-level ctDNA. Findings confirm the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in eradicating residual tumor cells responsible for tumor recurrence or metastasis.

Evaluation of Perinatal Outcomes in Women with a History of Recurrent Consecutive Spontaneous Abortions: Retrospective Cohort Study

2025-07-04T10:08:42+00:00

Objective. To assess how recurrent consecutive spontaneous abortion (RCSA) affects the mother and baby in future pregnancies.

Materials and Methods. A retrospective cohort study was carried out at Suez Hospital in Egypt. It examined the electronic medical records of pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 49 years who had non-anomalous singleton pregnancies. The study looked at 7,718 women, of whom 172 had a history of recurrent consecutive spontaneous abortion (defined as two or more consecutive pregnancies that ended in abortion). The outcomes for mothers and their newborns were compared for those in the RCSA group versus a control group of women who had ≤ one abortion. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to adjust for possible confounding variables that could have influenced the study's results.

Results. Women with a history of RCSA had significantly higher risks of early-onset-preeclampsia [Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–8.72], placenta-previa (aOR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.09–6.81), placental-abruption (aOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.18–9.23), preterm-birth (aOR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.1–2.91), and small-for-gestational-age infants (aOR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.03–2.87). These associations remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusion. A history of RCSA is linked to an increased risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes, likely due to underlying placental dysfunction. Therefore, women with a history of RCSA need closer monitoring during subsequent pregnancies to optimize pregnancy outcomes.

Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Caudal Epidural Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Cancer Surgery

2025-07-04T10:14:17+00:00

Caudal epidural block and Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) are two regional anesthesia methods increasingly utilized in pediatric surgical patients. The caudal block is a well-established method involving the injection of local anesthetics into the epidural space via the sacral hiatus. Traditionally performed as a blind technique based on anatomical landmarks, it now benefits from image-guided methods like ultrasound, enhancing accuracy and safety. ESPB, a newer inter-fascial block introduced by Forero in 2016, involves depositing anesthetic between the erector spinae muscles and the transverse process. It enables cranio-caudal, lateral, and anterior spread of anesthetic across multiple vertebral levels, influencing various dermatomes depending on the site of injection. Anatomical differences between children and adults, including less developed bony structures and increased tissue compliance, influence the distribution of anesthetic in both techniques. While caudal blocks may encounter difficulty due to sacral anatomical variation, ESPB can be technically advantageous in children due to their thinner muscle layers and closer proximity of target structures to the skin. Both techniques require careful ultrasound guidance for optimal needle placement, particularly in complex or variable anatomy. This study focuses on comparing the anatomical and procedural characteristics of lumbar ESPB and caudal epidural blocks in pediatric lower limb oncologic surgeries, offering insight into their utility, feasibility, and anatomical considerations in this vulnerable population

Pregnant mothers' awareness of rheumatic diseases in Balqa Governorate: A study of maternity center visits

2025-07-04T10:20:30+00:00

This study aims to analyze the level of awareness and knowledge amongst pregnant women about rheumatic diseases and the relevant potential impact on pregnancy, and to examine the relationship between certain demographic variables (such as age, education, and health insurance) and this awareness. Data were collected via a questionnaire directed at 281 pregnant women in Balqa Governorate, Jordan.

Data collection period spanned from February 20 to April 20, 2025. The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationships between the main variables. The results showed that most participants were aware of the term "rheumatic diseases," but awareness of their effects on pregnancy was limited, especially among those with limited education.

The study also revealed a significant disparity in awareness between financially insured and uninsured women, reflecting the need to improve awareness, especially in communities with less access to health services. The study recommends strengthening educational efforts about rheumatic diseases, making medical information more available to uninsured women, and intensifying awareness campaigns in maternity centers.

The Prognostic Value of Therapeutic Evaluation Criteria in F18 FDG PET CT In Patients with Lymphoma: Comparison Between Lesion to Liver Ratio and Visual Deauville Score

2025-07-04T10:29:14+00:00

Background: Malignant lymphoma is regarded as the most prevalent hematological malignancy in adults and is ranked as the fourth most frequent adult malignancy, accounting for around 8.4% of all adult malignancies diagnosed yearly.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of TLR in 18F-FDG PET/CT in lymphoma patients and assess its role in the treatment response assessment and follow-up.

Methods: This cohort analytical study involved 80 patients with 139 PET/CT study diagnosed with lymphoma (including Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), all referred to the Center of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine (NEMROCK) between April 2022 and May 2024.

Results: TLR demonstrated excellent performance in distinguishing CMR from other outcomes, with high AUC values at interim (0.980), EOT (0.967), and follow-up (1.000) time points. Optimal TLR cut-off values were 1.111 for interim and 0.959 for EOT and follow-up assessments. TLR showed high sensitivity (75-87.50%), specificity (90.48-100%), and accuracy (85-91.94%) in predicting CMR. Significant variances in PFS have been found between patients achieving CMR and those who did not, particularly at interim (PFS: 100% vs 18.3%) and EOT (PFS: 92.4% vs 42.8%) assessments. Strong correlations were found between TLR and DS at all-time points (correlation coefficient > 0.9, p-value under 0.001).

Conclusion: TLR is a valuable specific semi-quantitative measure for assessing treatment response and predicting outcomes in lymphoma patients.

Impact of Mobile and Digital Health Technologies on Health Education and Disease prevention in Community Settings: A Systematic Review

2025-07-04T10:51:50+00:00

Background: Mobile and digital health technologies are increasingly being adopted in community settings to enhance health education and disease prevention, especially in low-resource environments. While the global uptake of such technologies is rising, there remains a need for consolidated evidence regarding their effectiveness in improving health outcomes at the community level.

Objective: To systematically review and evaluate the effectiveness, feasibility, and health outcomes of mobile and digital health interventions aimed at health education and disease prevention in community-based settings.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase) for studies published between January 2013 and December 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on community-based interventions using mobile or digital tools targeting health education or disease prevention. A total of six eligible studies were included, comprising randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and cross-sectional evaluations. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in outcome measures.

Results: Across the six studies included in this review, a total of 2,247 participants were evaluated across diverse community settings. The use of mobile health (mHealth) tools demonstrated statistically significant improvements in several key health outcomes. Notably, vaccination uptake increased by 23.5% (p < 0.01), highlighting the effectiveness of mobile interventions in improving immunization rates in rural and underserved areas. In the domain of sexual health, a mobile-based educational intervention resulted in a mean score increase of 2.1 ± 0.5 in STI preventive behavior (p < 0.001), indicating a strong impact on health knowledge and behavioral change. Among hypertensive patients, the use of a mobile app for self-monitoring led to a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure, with an average decrease of 10.2 mmHg (p < 0.001), underscoring the clinical potential of digital self-management tools. Additionally, 68% of participants reported improvements in dietary and physical activity behaviors following mHealth interventions (p < 0.05), supporting the role of mobile tools in promoting healthy lifestyles. Engagement levels were also high, with more than 90% program completion rates reported in four of the six studies, suggesting strong feasibility and acceptability of these interventions.

Conclusion: Mobile and digital health interventions are effective, feasible, and well-accepted tools for promoting health education and disease prevention in community settings. These technologies can significantly enhance screening coverage, health literacy, and chronic disease management. Future research should prioritize long-term evaluation, cost-effectiveness, and strategies for integrating digital tools within existing health systems, especially in underserved regions.

Implementation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Image Enhancement Techniques

2025-07-04T11:27:09+00:00

Improving the visual quality of images for enhanced interpretation and analysis is a core objective in image processing, impacting fields from medical diagnostics to satellite imagery and computer vision systems. This research investigates the application and refinement of several image enhancement techniques using the MATLAB platform. Methods such as histogram equalization, contrast manipulation, sharpness enhancement, gamma adjustment, and spatially varying filtering are examined for their ability to improve image clarity, contrast, and reduce noise artifacts.

Static Magnetism in Dental Implant: A Review of Its Impact on Osseointegration

2025-07-05T04:19:24+00:00

Osseointegration—the direct biological bonding between bone and implant surface—is critical for long-term success of dental implants (1). Static magnetic fields (SMFs), generated by permanent magnets, have been studied as a non-invasive adjunct to enhance bone healing and implant integration. This review examines the nature of SMFs, their interaction with biological tissues, summarizes findings from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies, discusses underlying molecular mechanisms, and evaluates clinical implications. Evidence suggests SMFs promote early bone formation, increase bone-to-implant contact (BIC), and improve implant stability. However, standardization of treatment parameters and long-term safety data remain insufficient for routine clinical use. Future research is warranted to confirm efficacy and optimize protocols.

Morphometric Study of the Segmental Branches of the Splenic Artery in Human Cadaver Spleens by Dissection Method

2025-07-05T05:18:06+00:00

Introduction: The spleen, an essential organ of the lymphatic and immune systems, is highly vascularized and performs vital functions, including filtering blood, recycling iron, and managing immune responses.

Objective: To analyze the morphometric characteristics, branching patterns, and anatomical variations of the segmental branches of the splenic artery in human cadaver spleens through dissection.

Methodology: This descriptive observational study was conducted at the department of Anatomy, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan during May 2024 to April 2025. Data were collected from 55 human cadaver spleens. Cadaver spleens were collected from a medical anatomy lab, ensuring they were preserved in 10% formalin to maintain structural integrity. Inclusion criteria required cadavers to be free of any apparent pathological conditions, traumatic injuries, or vascular anomalies that could interfere with the dissection process.

Results: Data were collected from 55 human cadaver spleens. Splenic artery most commonly divided into three primary segmental branches, observed in 58% (n=32) of the cadavers. Two branches were identified in 30% (n=17) of the cases, while four branches were seen in 12% (n=6). The mean diameter of the branches was 2.6 ± 0.5 mm, and the mean length was 42 ± 8 mm. The superior branches supplied 45 ± 3% of the splenic parenchyma, while the inferior branches accounted for 40 ± 4%. Anatomical variations were present in 18% of the cadavers, including accessory arteries (12%) and unusual origins of branches (6%).

Conclusion: It is concluded that the segmental branches of the splenic artery exhibit considerable variability in their branching patterns, dimensions, and anatomical configurations. The most common pattern observed was three primary segmental branches, supplying distinct vascular territories with minimal overlap.

Comparison of Open, Laparoscopic-endoscopic and One-stage Laparoscopic Approaches for Treatment of Gallbladder and Common Bile Duct Stones

2025-07-05T05:29:47+00:00

Background: Gallstones in the gallbladder often sit alongside stones lodged in the common bile duct (CBD), creating a challenging picture that usually calls for both removal of the gallbladder and clearing of the duct. Surgeons can choose from several pathways: the long-established open procedure, a two-step laparo-endoscopic approach done in separate sessions, or the newer single-stage laparoscopic method that aims to tackle everything at once. Across these options, the levels of invasiveness, speed of recovery, and strain on hospital resources can differ. To compare the clinical outcomes of open cholecystectomy with CBD exploration, laparo-endoscopic approach (laparoscopic cholecystectomy followed by ERCP), and one-stage laparoscopic management of gallbladder and CBD stones.

Methods: This comparative study involved a total of seventy-one patients who underwent treatment between January 2022 and January 2023. Participants were categorized into three groups according to the specific surgical approach employed. Key outcomes assessed were operative time, complication rates, time to oral intake and ambulation, length of hospital stay, stone clearance, readmission, and level of patient satisfaction. Data were analyzed with appropriate statistical techniques, and a value of p less than 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.

Results: All three groups demonstrated high stone clearance rates, with no significant difference in major complication rates. The one-stage laparoscopic group had the highest satisfaction score and the shortest hospital stay. Operative time was longest in this group but was offset by faster recovery. The open surgery group had the most delayed postoperative course.

Conclusion: While open surgery remains a valid option, minimally invasive techniques, especially the one-stage laparoscopic approach, provide superior recovery and patient satisfaction. These results support the broader adoption of laparoscopic strategies in suitable candidates

The Role of Vaccination Programs in Reducing Infant Mortality: A Review

2025-07-05T05:35:27+00:00

Background: Recently, Pakistan has had high neonatal and child mortality rates, a problem for many developing nations. We found many causes of these rates in our narrative assessment of comprehensive evidence. These include preterm births, birth deformities, poor immunization, hazardous deliveries, inadequate breastfeeding, delivery complications, SIDS, low socioeconomic conditions, and a failing healthcare system.

Objective: We aimed to generate practical suggestions for lowering the newborn tetanus incidence in Pakistan by reviewing measures that have significantly reduced the infant death rate in LMICs caused by neonatal tetanus.

Methods: In order to find effective therapies for lowering infant mortality due to tetanus, we searched the published literature in the Pubmed and Pubget databases. After deleting redundant material, ten out of twenty studies were selected for preliminary screening.

Results: The following interventions were found to be effective in reducing neonatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries: a) vaccinating all pregnant women (married or not) against tetanus toxoid; b) community-based interventions, such as vaccinating all mothers; providing clean and skilled care during delivery; resuscitating newborns; promoting exclusive breastfeeding; cleaning and disinfecting the umbilical cord; and managing infections in newborns. c) Additional vaccinations (on top of the standard EPI program) d) safer methods of administration.

Conclusion: Vaccinating pregnant moms is the most effective method for reducing the fatality rate from newborn tetanus. Along with the "high-risk" strategy, clean deliveries, frequent effective prenatal visits, and this one step, resource-poor nations like Pakistan can minimize neonatal tetanus

Barriers to Adequate Prenatal Care in Managing Anemia among Pregnant Women

2025-07-05T05:41:23+00:00

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a significant public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite efforts to address anemia, barriers to adequate prenatal care remain a critical challenge in managing this condition.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women and evaluate the association of sociodemographic and healthcare access barriers with anemia status.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saeed Medical Complex, Mattani, Peshawar, from January 2024 to June 2024. A total of 361 pregnant women attending antenatal care services were included. Sociodemographic characteristics, healthcare access barriers, awareness of anemia, and compliance with iron supplementation were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin levels were retrieved from medical records, and anemia was classified based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests, and independent t-tests, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean age of participants was 30.47 years (SD = 7.085), and the mean hemoglobin level was 10.45 g/dL (SD = 1.683). The prevalence of anemia was 44.6%, with 161 participants classified as anemic and 200 as non-anemic. Anemia prevalence varied across education, socioeconomic status, parity, distance to healthcare, and other barriers, but no statistically significant associations were observed (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Anemia remains a prevalent issue among pregnant women, with multiple potential barriers contributing to its management. Despite non-significant associations, these barriers highlight areas for targeted interventions to improve prenatal care and anemia outcomes.

Boosting Healthy Growth: The Impact Of Nutritive Laddus On Weight Gain In Girls Aged 7 To 9

2025-07-05T07:35:22+00:00

Background: Children are vital to society because they represent its future—tomorrow’s leaders, workers, and caregivers. Their growth and development shape the progress of communities, and investing in their education, health, and well-being ensures a stronger, more prosperous future. Healthy, educated children grow into responsible, innovative adults who contribute to economic growth, cultural richness, and social stability. Our objective was to assess the nutritional status in terms of weight of girls in a selected community Maharashtra. To assess the effectiveness of nutritive laddu on nutritional status in terms of weight of girls. To find out the association between pretest scores and socio demographic variables of female children. Materials and Methods: It is a pre experimental study. The sample size was 50, with purposive sampling, and the data were collected using body mass index from Girls Aged 7 to 9 from the selected community Mahrashtra. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software. Results: The mean score before nutritive laddu administration 11.7 ± 0.92, after that in post score was 11.9 ± 0.93. There was a significant association was found between the pre-test scores of girls and socio-demographic factors such as age and type of diet. Conclusion: We can conclude regular intake of nutritive laddu as a supplement with regular food is an effective strategy for the improvement of weight gain in girls aged 7 to 9, the study found that intervention must be given for a minimum of three months for drastic improvement in nutritional status of girls

A Survey Of Mothers About The Challenges They Face And The Actions They Take To Reduce Their Children's Mobile Phone Usage. A Qualitative Study

2025-07-05T08:34:12+00:00

Background: Mobile addiction among children is a growing concern, and it's easy to point fingers at parents for not setting strict rules or for allowing too much screen time. Not all parents willingly allow their children to use mobile phones excessively—many are genuinely concerned about their child’s health and well-being. However, we often overlook the daily challenges parents face in trying to control or limit mobile usage. Their efforts are frequently underestimated or misunderstood. This qualitative study investigated mother’s concerns about their child mobile use, challenges they are facing to stop that. We tried to explore what their kids watch in mobile, average length of engage in mobile, when kids need mobile, worry of mothers, opinion of mothers in regard to cause of mobile addiction in children, what challenges do you face in trying to reduce or stop your children's mobile addiction and finally how they are trying to stop mobile addiction.

Methods: Individual interviews were held with 120 mothers residing in Khed Taluka, District Ratnagiri, Konkan region, Maharashtra, India and they had children aged 6 to 10 Years. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, then inductive analysis and interpretation by the research team distilled the key ideas and illustrative quotes.

Results: Participant demographics are presented in Table 1. Participants were predominantly were in age group between 36-45 (43%). Majority 38% of children were aged 10 years. Out of 120 families 90 % families had multiple homes in their home and all those are smart phones. All families had television in addition to this 19% had Laptop/Desktop and 21 (12%) has tablet available in home. In duration of mobile phone usage per day in hours 50 % use 1-2 hours uses mobile. Maximum children that is 50% use mobile phones for games.

Overall, children mobile use has become significant issue to the parents and really parents are worried on how to avoid it and implementing their own strategies to combat this problem. To avoid mobile use majority parents obstacles are their own family members like in some families husband, in some other families grandmother and grandfather, father and mother in law are problems. Mothers shared what their children watch commonly in mobile, length of engage in mobile, commonly when their kids ask mobile, what are really worries about their children future, other than what else they use other than mobile, what are the major causes of mobile addiction, what are the challenges of mobile use, how to avoid it, and what abnormal findings they have found in their child

Conclusion:

Mothers are often doing their best to fight against their children's mobile addiction, constantly trying different strategies and approaches to manage the issue. However, this is not a battle she can win alone—addressing mobile addiction requires the support and involvement of the entire family.

Risk of Mandibular Angle Fracture and Its Co-relation to Absence/Presence,Type of Mandibular Impacted 3rd molar; A Retrospective and Prospective Study

2025-07-05T08:42:28+00:00

Introduction: The study is designed to evaluate the influence of presence ,eruption status and position of mandibular third molars on mandibular angle fracture.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective and prospective study design and a sample composed of panoramic radiographs of 80 patient and CT scan wherever needed . The predictor variables were the presence and position of impacted 3^rd molar. 3^rd molar position was grouped in categories based on the Pell and Gregory classification. The outcome variable was the presence of an angle fracture and commonly associated with types and position of impacted 3^rd molar and also the nature of fracture .

Results: Of total 79 sample of mandibular angle fracture44(55.7% )mesioangular, 17(21.5%)vertical,10 (12.7%)horizontal and 8(10.1%) distoangular impacted 3^rd molar are associated. Also revealed that incidence of angle fracture were high in patients with impacted 3^rd molar with position B 28(35.4%) and position A 23(29.1%) have high incidence of angle fracture in the study. About the nature of the fracture , out of total 44 all 44(100%) mesioangular impacted 3^rd molar caused horizontal unfavourable fracture. 39(88.8%) caused vertical unfavourable fracture and rest 5(11.5%) caused vertical favourable fracture

Conclusion: The mandibular angle with an impacted third molar tooth is comparatively weaker than the angle region without an impacted tooth. The chances of angle fracture in superficially erupted mandibular third molar is higher than those with a deeply impacted 3^rd molar.The study results conclude that patients with mesioangular positionB impacted 3^rd molar present in the mandible comparatively increased risk for angle fractures.

Effects Of Social Media Health Teaching Method On Self-Care Efficacy Of Post-Colostomy Patients

2025-07-05T08:48:24+00:00

This quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of a social media-based health teaching intervention, specifically delivered via WeChat, on the self-care efficacy of post-colostomy patients in China. It was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou and involved 62 patients who had undergone gastrointestinal surgery. The participants were divided equally into experimental and control groups, with the control group receiving standard pre-discharge education and telephone follow-ups and the experimental group participating in a one-month WeChat-based program offering multimedia self-care content, psychological support, and clinician interaction. Using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), pre- and post-intervention data revealed that the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in self-efficacy compared to the control group (mean score: 25.81 vs. 20.68). These findings show that targeted social media interventions can enhance patients’ confidence in managing their condition and may reduce post-surgical complications. The study also highlights the feasibility and cultural relevance of using WeChat as a platform for health education in Chinese clinical settings. Limitations include a short follow-up period and a non-random sample, suggesting the need for further longitudinal research.

Extraction And Characterization Of Collagen And Development Of Value - Added Food Product By Blending With Fresh Cheese

2025-07-05T08:52:16+00:00

Despite its reputation as a useless byproduct, fish viscera has been shown to be rich in useful proteins, peptides, and amino acids. In this research, we explore the potential of Labeorohita fish visceral hydrolysate in the food, pharmaceutical, and other product manufacturing sectors. Enzymatic hydrolysis with alcalase and protease enzymes was used to produce the hydrolysate. Protein and antioxidant activity were both elevated in the resultant hydrolysate. The hydrolysate was used into food products as a functional component to improve their nutritional profile. It was also discovered that the hydrolysate possessed antibacterial qualities, meaning it might be used as a natural preservative in foods. Hydrolysate was evaluated for its potential as a wound healer and anticoagulant by the pharmaceutical sector. The findings suggested that the hydrolysate might be utilised as a natural anticoagulant and also had a substantial impact on wound healing. Hydrolysate of Labeorohita fish viscera has promising uses in the food, pharmaceutical, and other industries due to its high concentration of bioactive chemicals.

Impact Of Fentanyl Alone Vs. Fentanyl And Midazolam Pre-Treatment On Preventing Etomidate-Induced Myoclonus In Cardiothoracic Patients

2025-07-05T09:10:33+00:00

Background: A steady cardiovascular profile and little respiratory depression are among its most noteworthy therapeutic characteristics. These characteristics make etomidateparticularly helpful in the management of anesthesia in patients with hemodynamic instability, such as those with shock, hypovolemia, or significant cardiac comorbidities. Because of this, etomidate is still often utilized in both emergency and elective surgical situations, particularly where preserving circulatory stability during induction is crucial. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by evaluating the effectiveness of these pre-treatment strategies and providing information that will guide clinical practice, improve patient outcomes, and optimize perioperative care for this high-risk patient population.

Material and Methods: This prospective, randomised, double-blind study was conducted on 90 surgical patients allocated to 45 in each group. Group A patients received intravenous (IV) fentanyl 2 μg/kg and 5 mL saline. Group B patients received IV fentanyl 2 μg/kg and midazolam 0.03 mg/kg. The study drugs were administered intravenously over 30 s. Five minutes after study drug administration; etomidate 0.3 mg kg−1 was administered over 60 s. Patients were observed for 1 min for occurrence and severity of EIM.

Results: The incidence of myoclonus was markedly lower in Group B (15.6%) versus Group A (48.9%), with a significant reduction in higher severity grades. Patients experiencing myoclonus showed elevated haemodynamic responses, including increased heart rate and blood pressure, emphasizing the clinical importance of preventing myoclonus during anesthesia induction.

Conclusion: According to these findings, preparation with fentanyl-midazolam provides a more secure and safe induction method, enhancing patient outcomes in high-risk surgical situations.

Effect Of Intervention On Dynamic Balance In Colligiate Students With Flat Feet: A Gender Base Comparision

2025-07-05T09:20:32+00:00

Flat feet, or pes planus, involve the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch and may adversely affect dynamic balance, particularly during weight-bearing activities. The prevalence of flat feet varies by age and gender and has been associated with musculoskeletal dysfunctions and impaired postural control. Dynamic balance is essential for functional mobility and injury prevention. This review explores the anatomical, biomechanical, and functional implications of flat feet, with a focus on gender differences and the impact of therapeutic interventions designed to improve dynamic balance. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is highlighted as a reliable tool for evaluating intervention outcomes. The review further analyses the significance of incorporating structured strengthening and balance training protocols in rehabilitation programs, emphasizing the need for gender-specific approach

Canine Gestational Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, Treatment, and Prognosis

2025-07-05T09:26:35+00:00

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in dogs is an uncommon yet clinically relevant metabolic disorder, with a reported prevalence of approximately 0.05%–0.1% in pregnant bitches presenting to veterinary practices [1]. The pathogenesis is driven by gestational insulin resistance, largely induced by elevated levels of progesterone and placental growth hormone (GH), both of which function as insulin antagonists [2]. These hormonal changes diminish peripheral glucose uptake, leading to sustained hyperglycemia, particularly in dogs with underlying genetic or metabolic susceptibility [3]. If untreated, GDM can result in significant maternal and fetal complications, including maternal ketoacidosis (30%), macrosomia (20–35%), stillbirth (15–22%), and dystocia (up to 40%) [4,5].

Objective: To systematically review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, treatment protocols, and maternal-fetal outcomes associated with GDM in dogs.

Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases for literature published between January 2000 and April 2024. Search terms used included “canine gestational diabetes,” “pregnancy-induced hyperglycemia,” “insulin resistance in dogs,” and “canine reproductive endocrinology” [6]. Inclusion criteria encompassed original peer-reviewed studies, case series, and clinical trials involving canine GDM, with full-text availability in English. Review articles lacking primary data, in vitro experiments, and studies on non-canine species were excluded. A total of 17 studies involving 85 GDM-affected bitches were included. Data extraction followed PRISMA 2020 standards, focusing on hormonal profiles (progesterone, GH), fasting glucose levels, treatment modalities (insulin type, dosage, duration), and clinical outcomes [7,8].

Results: Findings indicate that GDM in dogs primarily arises during late gestation due to heightened progesterone and placental GH levels, culminating in insulin resistance. Diagnostic hallmarks included fasting blood glucose levels ranging from 180–320 mg/dL and persistent glycosuria. Insulin therapy, most commonly NPH or lente insulin at dosages of 0.25–0.5 IU/kg twice daily, was employed in 95% of cases. Successful glycemic regulation was associated with live birth rates of 80–85%, whereas poor control led to higher incidences of stillbirth (15–22%) and dystocia (40–50%). Postpartum follow-up revealed that hyperglycemia resolved in 92% of cases, underscoring the transient nature of the condition.

Conclusion: Although rare, GDM in dogs presents a notable risk to both maternal and fetal health. Early diagnosis and effective insulin therapy significantly enhance reproductive outcomes. Routine screening in high-risk pregnancies is recommended. Further large-scale, prospective studies are necessary to establish canine-specific diagnostic criteria and standardized treatment protocols [13,14].

Bridging Psychology and Law: The Role of Clinical Criminology in Criminal Behaviour Assessment and Rehabilitation

2025-07-05T10:05:13+00:00

Intersecting the domains of psychology and law, clinical criminology is an important multidisciplinary discipline. This paper explores how clinical criminology aids in the assessment and rehabilitation of offenders by integrating psychological evaluation with criminological analysis. It severely discusses the usefulness of psychological tests in legal ruling such as criminal tolerance, competency and risks of recidence. It also examines the rehabilitative measures, such as cognitive-behavioural and trauma-informed treatments through the prism of empirical scholarly studies and according to the existing legal precedents, in the realm of correctional and forensic facilities. The paper takes the stand of moving towards therapeutic jurisprudence and more restorative conception of justice which take into account psychological aspects of criminal malpractices.

Spectrum And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Isolates In Neonatal Sepsis

2025-07-05T10:13:15+00:00

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Identifying causative pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns is critical for effective management. This study aimed to assess microbial diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and recommend effective treatment strategies for neonatal sepsis at a tertiary care hospital.

Material & Methods: This study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Research. A total of 120 neonates with suspected sepsis were included. Blood cultures were performed using the BacT/ALERT system, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed CLSI guidelines.

Results: Of 120 neonates, 59 (49.2%) had EOS and 61 (50.8%) had LOS. Blood culture positivity was 44/120 (36.7%). The most common isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus (4.5%). Gram-negative isolates showed 100% resistance to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, 82.1% to imipenem, and 75.0% to meropenem. Colistin (100% sensitivity, p < 0.001) and tigecycline (95.7%, p = 0.002) were the most effective agents.

Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of Gram-negative bacterial infections and rising antimicrobial resistance in neonatal sepsis. Based on resistance patterns, colistin, tigecycline, and minocycline should be considered for multidrug-resistant infections, while glycopeptides (vancomycin, teicoplanin) remain effective for Gram-positive infections. The findings emphasize the need for routine surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and judicious antibiotic use to optimize neonatal sepsis treatment

Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis: Diabetes Mellitus In Dachshund Dogs

2025-07-05T10:20:28+00:00

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic endocrine disorder in dogs characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency. While canine DM generally resembles type 1 diabetes in humans, certain breeds—including the Dachshund—exhibit a higher predisposition due to a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors [1, 2, 8].

Objective: To systematically evaluate the prevalence, clinical presentation, risk factors, management strategies, and outcomes of diabetes mellitus in Dachshund dogs, and to assess the implications for clinical practice and future research.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2000 and 2024. Keywords included "diabetes mellitus in dogs," "canine diabetes," "Dachshund diabetes," and "breed predisposition to diabetes." Studies involving breed-specific data on Dachshunds were included, while general canine DM reports lacking breed-specific outcomes were excluded. Extracted data covered prevalence rates, clinical signs, hormonal and genetic influences, treatment protocols, and therapeutic outcomes [2, 7].

Results: Dachshunds account for approximately 3.2% of canine diabetes cases in breed-specific studies, with an odds ratio of 1.6 for developing DM compared to mixed-breed dogs [2]. Middle-aged to older intact females are particularly at risk due to progesterone-induced insulin resistance during diestrus [1, 6]. Key clinical signs include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, cataracts, and lethargy [5, 7]. Chronic pancreatitis and obesity are major contributing factors [4, 8]. Standard treatments involve insulin therapy, dietary regulation, and owner monitoring [10]. With proper care, affected dogs can achieve good glycemic control and prolonged quality of life, though complications such as cataracts and diabetic ketoacidosis remain concerns [5, 10].

Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus in Dachshunds is a manageable but lifelong condition influenced by complex genetic and physiological factors [1, 3, 5]. Early detection, hormonal management (spaying), weight control, and owner education are essential [6, 7]. Further breed-specific genomic research is warranted to enhance preventive strategies and improve outcomes in this predisposed population [3, 5].

Carrying Angle And Its Correlation With Height In Central Indian Paediatric Population

2025-07-05T10:29:51+00:00

Introduction: Carrying Angle (CA) is formed between long axis of arm and forearm when arm is supinated and elbow joint is fully extended leading to lateral deflection of forearm. In healthy growing children the range of elbow joint motion and CA increases with age until skeletal maturity, increasing up to 15 years thereafter decreasing slightly. Effect of increasing height on CA at elbow has not been extensively studied in paediatric population creating a void.

Aims & Objective: Present study finds out correlation between height and CA in paediatric population. Objectives were to identify gradual variation in CA according to height variation in children as their age advanced.

Material & Method: Five hundred four (504) children of both sexes aged 6-14 years, grouped in four groups [I, II, III and IV] were assessed for CA using manual goniometer while height was measured using stadiometer. Statistical calculations were done using Prism software.

Result: Present study reports a positive correlation between CA and height as the CA increased gradually in all the four groups with increasing height from group I to group IV.

Discussion & Conclusion: This study demonstrates the positive correlation of CA with height in paediatric population irrespective of gender. Apparently present is the only study till date showing gradual CA increase with advancing height according to age in children (6-14 years) undergoing active skeletal growth and maturation period.

Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of CA and its variation is important anatomic feature assisting orthopaedic surgeons in management of elbow fractures, restoration, implants, and other diseases. It may be useful for forensic anthropologists in assessing skeletal remains.

Digital Twins in Ecosystem Management: Combining Chemistry, Zoology, and Computational Models

2025-07-05T11:42:37+00:00

Use of digital twin technology in the management of an ecosystem is a revolutionary development in the manner in which ecological phenomena are being observed, simulated and balanced. This paper presents a new research area in which chemistry, zoology, and digital modeling would be integrated by introducing digital twins in order to simulate the ongoing processes in a given environment in real-time. Using the theory of stochastic differential equation and bifurcation theory, a hybridised model is also presented in the paper and model fluctuations and intricate interspecies interaction with abiotic perturbation by chemical pollutants, temperature ranges, and hydrological patterns are simulated. The model is tested on in-the-wild data across the worlds of high- frequency climate perturbations in coastal marine ecosystems where there exist peak factors present in noise-supported transitions in population behavior and chemical cycles. In addition, we will show how including the concepts of large deviation theory and stochastic resonance into the study can help better predict critical ecosystem thresholds- usually called tipping points. The proposed computational framework of the study is an agent-based digital twins which dynamically update itself using live sensor information, providing self-updating and predictive properties based upon live, environmental signals. Results indicate there are huge improvements in excess of prediction accuracies of dissolved oxygen oscillations, species motion trends as well as biogeochemical loops when compared to conventional steady creatures. This method has the scalable promising of ecosystem resistance prediction, conservation planning, and regulatory laws in environmental policymaking. Application of domain research to chemistry and zoology in the context of a computational architecture establishes an effective interdisciplinary paradigm to the management of complex ecologies. By using mathematical modelling, simulation and aligning empirical information, this paper develops one of the tenets of future ecological informatics, digital twins.

Innovations In Non-Invasive Liver Disease Diagnostics (E.G., Fatty Liver, Cirrhosis)

2025-07-07T05:22:40+00:00

Background: Fatty liver disease (FLD) and cirrhosis are some of the major diseases of the liver and a major cause of morbidity. Liver biopsy, despite being a useful method of diagnosing the disease, is an invasive technique, expensive, and accompanied by risk and pain. Non-invasive diagnostic methods that are under development today, like FibroScan, Shear Wave Elastography (SWE), Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE), and diagnostics with the use of biomarkers, are good options. Nonetheless, they are not evenly adopted among different stakeholders and are assumed to be successful.

Objective: Due to this purpose, this research study will determine the level of awareness, images, and usage of non-invasive technologies for liver disease diagnosis among medical workers, investigators, and patients. It also explores the correlation between the major determinant measures, which include trust in technology, perceived effectiveness, cost concern, and availability.

Methods: A Quantitative cross-sectional survey consisting of 250 respondents spread across five provinces of Pakistan was used. Data on demographic factors, awareness, perceived effectiveness, practicing behaviour, and factors were obtained with the help of a structured questionnaire. Some of the statistical analyses used included normality testing, reliability testing (Cronbach’s Alpha), construct validity through Principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression.

Results: The findings according to the data indicated non-normality in the data of age and normality in the data of years of experience. The internal consistency was good, and Cronbach's Alpha was 0.871, which demonstrated good reliability of the survey instrument. PCA advocated construct validity, which had a cumulative variance above 70 percent. Pearson's correlation revealed a positive correlation among all the important variables. The predictors of adoption of diagnostic tools were found to be cost concern, trust in technology, and awareness by multiple regression analysis. The positive relationship.

between R and adopting behaviour was 61.4 percent (R 2 = 0.614).

Conclusion: Liver diseases are being tested in terms of non-invasive diagnoses and have begun to achieve popularity. The widespread spread of innovations is highly dependent on aspects that include cost, accessibility, trust in the technology, and awareness. They can be largely improved by offering better training, reducing the cost of implementation, and exposure to technology. The paper presents utilitarian knowledge in healthcare policy formulation, clinical decision making, and diagnostic innovation research..

Advantages Of The Introduction Of Goods And Service Tax (Gst) For Entrepreneurs In India

2025-07-07T05:29:33+00:00

The Goods and Services Tax (GST), which was introduced in India on July 1, 2017, marks one of the most important changes in the nation’s indirect tax framework. It has replaced a complicated array of various indirect taxes imposed by both the Central and State governments—such as VAT, service tax, excise duty, among others—with a consolidated tax system. The introduction of GST aimed to simplify the tax structure, minimize tax evasion, and promote a more cohesive national economy.

A major benefit of GST is the removal of the cascading tax effect, commonly known as "tax on tax." In the previous tax structure, taxes were applied on top of other taxes, which inflated the prices of goods and services. The GST framework enables businesses to claim input tax credits, thus lowering production expenses and boosting business competitiveness.

GST also streamlines tax compliance. Rather than managing multiple taxes with varying rates and procedures, businesses now adhere to a uniform system under GST. This has particularly aided small and medium enterprises (SMEs), alleviating their administrative load and encouraging formalization. Another significant advantage is the enhanced transparency and accountability resulting from the digital nature of GST. The implementation of electronic filing, e-invoicing, and platforms like the Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) facilitates real-time transaction tracking, curbing tax evasion and improving revenue collection. It also simplifies audit processes and builds trust between taxpayers and authorities.

Furthermore, GST has enabled the establishment of a unified national market by eliminating inter-state barriers, thereby simplifying operations for businesses across the country. In summary, despite ongoing implementation challenges, GST has provided considerable advantages to the Indian economy, rendering the tax system more efficient, transparent, and conducive to business

Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontics: A Review

2025-07-07T05:37:27+00:00

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming orthodontics by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and patient engagement. Through advanced technologies such as machine learning and deep learning, AI enables precise analysis of dental images and personalized treatment solutions. Innovations in remote monitoring and teleorthodontics improve patient compliance and satisfaction. Ethical considerations, including data privacy and algorithmic bias, must be addressed as AI integration expands. This review explores current applications, benefits, and challenges associated with AI in orthodontics, highlighting its potential to revolutionize practices and improve outcomes in patient care while paving the way for future research and developments in the field.

Plasma Cell Gingivitis: A Case Report

2025-07-07T05:42:15+00:00

Plasma cell gingivitis is a diagnostic predicament for all the clinicians. ‘’It is also referred to as atypical gingivostomatitis, idiopathic gingivostomatitis, allergic gingivostomatitis, and plasma cell gingivostomatitis’’ which are make more distinctive by bright red gingiva and easily bleeds on probing. It is frequently confused with inflammatory gingival enlargement, erythematosus lichen planus, and other lesions. One such rare and benign entity is discussed in this article and managed after thorough clinical, radiological, histopathological, immunohistochemistry examination

To Determine the Effect of Various Perinatal Factors on Cord Blood TSH Level of Newborn and To Correlate the Results with Neurodevelopmental Outcome Over Infancy

2025-07-07T06:08:19+00:00

Cord blood thyroid-stimulating hormone (CB-TSH) measurement is a standard component of newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH). However, CB-TSH levels may be influenced by maternal and perinatal factors, potentially leading to false-positive results and unnecessary interventions. To evaluate the impact of maternal and perinatal factors on CB-TSH levels and to correlate elevated levels with neurodevelopmental outcomes during infancy. This prospective observational study included 150 neonates delivered at the Integral Institute of Medical Sciences. Detailed maternal history, perinatal events, and antenatal drug exposures were recorded. CB-TSH levels were measured at birth and analyzed using clinical cut-offs and quartiles. Neurodevelopmental assessments were performed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using standard developmental milestone checklists. Associations were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Elevated CB-TSH levels (≥6.6 mIU/L) were observed in 36.0% of neonates, although the screen-positive rate for CH (CB-TSH >20 mIU/L) was low at 1.3%. Significant associations were found between elevated CB-TSH and maternal hypothyroidism (25.0%), gestational diabetes mellitus (16.7%), and antenatal use of thyroxine or insulin (p = 0.025–0.033). Among perinatal factors, meconium-stained amniotic fluid (41.7%), birth asphyxia (12.5%), and NICU admission (22.9%) showed significant correlations with elevated CB-TSH. Mild delays in language and social domains were observed in infants with elevated TSH, although these did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). CB-TSH levels are significantly affected by maternal endocrine conditions and perinatal stressors. Despite a high prevalence of elevated TSH levels, the incidence of confirmed CH and neurodevelopmental delays was low. Careful interpretation of CB-TSH results is essential to avoid overdiagnosis and unnecessary clinical interventions.

Edge Signal Domination In Some Transformation Graphs

2025-07-07T06:13:19+00:00

The concept of domination is an important part of graph theory. The edge signal domination is a parameter that takes into account the degree of vertices as well as the edge coverage in graphs which are crucial in the field of networking. Transformation graph is a concept in mathematics that primarily focuses on the structural change and behavior by applying graph-theoretic transformations to the graphs. It is mainly used in fields like computational modelling, biological model systems and other fields. In this article, we rely on the edge signal domination parameter and identify the parametric values for three distinct operations on graphs namely line graph, middle graph and corona product in some common graph families.

Phyllanthus Genus: A Comprehensive review article

2025-07-07T06:29:37+00:00

Different types of plants such as Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus Fluitans, Phyllanthus Nilruri, Phyllanthus Urinaria, Phyllanthus emblica, Phyllanthus Reticulatus and Phyllanthus Fraternus comes under the Phyllanthus Genus. Mostly plants shown the different types of biological activities such as antioxidant, Cytotoxic, antispasmodic, pain reliever, anti inflammatory, Liver protective, Detoxification, lipid lowering, antifertility, antimicrobial, anticancer, Immunomodulator, antiviral, antiulcer, nematocidal activity and as HIV replication inhibitor. Above newly discovered plant has been showed much potent activity and this activity in beneficial for human being but Phyllanthus Fluitans is still a new discovered plant that has not been given any activity record

Development And Evaluation Of Phyllanthus Niruri-Based Topical Gel For Antibacterial And Anti-Inflammatory Effects

2025-07-07T06:56:44+00:00

The development of P. niruri-based topical gels necessitates optimized extraction methods to maximize the yield of active phytochemicals. Various extraction techniques can be employed, including traditional methods like maceration and percolation, and modern approaches such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (Optimization of the Extraction Process of Phyllanthus Niruri L., n.d.). Studies have shown that the choice of solvent significantly influences the concentration of bioactive compounds; for instance, 96% ethanol positively impacts flavonoid extraction, while 50% ethanol is more effective for phenolic compounds (Optimization of the Extraction Process of Phyllanthus Niruri L., n.d.). The general process involves grinding the plant material, typically the whole plant, and then subjecting it to the chosen extraction method with an appropriate solvent, such as ethanol or a hydroethanolic mixture (Optimization of the Extraction Process of Phyllanthus Niruri L., n.d.). For maceration, the powdered plant material remains in contact with the extracting liquid for several days, while percolation involves a continuous flow of solvent through the material (Optimization of the Extraction Process of Phyllanthus Niruri L., n.d.). Ultrasound extraction, on the other hand, involves immersing the plant material in the solvent and applying ultrasonic waves for a shorter duration (Optimization of the Extraction Process of Phyllanthus Niruri L., n.d.). After extraction, the resulting crude extracts are often concentrated using a rotary evaporator (Optimization of the Extraction Process of Phyllanthus Niruri L., n.d.). Subsequent quantification of flavonoids is performed using spectrophotometric methods, while phenolic compounds are quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method (Optimization of the Extraction Process of Phyllanthus Niruri L., n.d.). The prepared extracts are then subjected to physicochemical stability tests, evaluating characteristics such as homogeneity, pH, and viscosity, to ensure a stable and effective topical formulation (2016)..

Exploring ChatGPT’s Role in Educating Patients on Community Reintegration After Spinal Cord Injury: A Mixed-Method Study

2025-07-07T07:30:23+00:00

Background: Community reintegration following spinal cord injury (SCI) involves navigating a complex web of physical, psychological, social, and environmental challenges. Patient education plays a critical role in this transition, yet many existing resources are either too generic or not readily accessible. The emergence of artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT offers potential as a supplementary educational resource.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability, readability, and perceived utility of ChatGPT in delivering educational content about community reintegration after SCI, using a mixed-methods approach.

Methods: In Phase I, 15 structured and clinically relevant questions were submitted to ChatGPT-4. The responses were assessed for reliability (using the DISCERN tool), readability (Flesch Reading Ease and Gunning Fog Index), and domain-specific comprehensiveness (via a custom rubric across physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains). In Phase II, semi-structured interviews were conducted with SCI patients, caregivers, and rehabilitation professionals to gather qualitative perspectives. Thematic analysis was used to explore recurring patterns.

Results: ChatGPT’s responses yielded a mean DISCERN score of 3.82 ± 0.51, with an inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.84. Readability analysis revealed a mean Flesch score of 70.4 and a Gunning Fog Index of 9.1, suggesting accessibility for most readers. Comprehensiveness ratings were highest in physical (4.5 ± 0.5) and social (4.2 ± 0.7) domains, but relatively lower in environmental aspects (3.1 ± 0.8). Thematic analysis of interviews revealed three key themes: ease of access, surface-level adequacy, and supportive emotional tone.

Conclusion: ChatGPT shows promise as a readable, moderately reliable, and emotionally supportive tool for patient education following SCI. However, its limitations in depth and individualization highlight the need for its integration under clinical guidance, rather than as a standalone solution..

AGW-NFIS: Adaptive Grey Woolf Neuro Fuzzy Inference System for Mobile Robot Navigation in an Unknown Environment

2025-07-07T08:30:30+00:00

The proposed navigation system is a combination of two techniques, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Grey Woolf Fuzzy Inference System (AGW-NFIS). The EKF is used to improve the accuracy of the position estimation by using the dynamic information obtained from the sensors. The AGW-NFIS, on the other hand, is used as a control mechanism to determine the left and right wheel velocities to be used for obstacle avoidance. The AGW-NFIS is trained using a dataset that includes the obstacle distances and avoidance angles. The robustness of the system is assessed by testing the mobile robot in various conditions. The results of the proposed navigation system have shown to outperform existing strategies, providing a more reliable and efficient solution for mobile robot navigation in obscure and dynamic environments. The combination of the EKF and AGW-NFIS provides a robust solution for obstacle avoidance and navigation. The use of these techniques in mobile robot navigation opens up new possibilities for exploration and operation in difficult environments.

Formulation and Evaluation of Gastro- Retentive Floating Tablet in Ulcer Activity

2025-07-07T08:51:51+00:00

This study developed and evaluated Gastro-retentive famotidine Microballoons for enhanced peptic ulcer treatment. Nine formulations (F1–F9) were prepared using HPMC K4M by emulsion solvent diffusion, varying polymer ratios (1:1–1:3) and stirring speeds (900–1500 rpm). The Microballoons exhibited excellent micromeritic properties (angle of repose: 22.14°–27.19°; Carr’s index: 7.93–13.11%), sustained buoyancy (>12 h, 64.17–83.21%), and high drug encapsulation (63.47–70.34%). FTIR/DSC confirmed drug-excipient compatibility, while SEM revealed porous spherical structures facilitating flotation. In vitro release followed Korsmeyer-Peppas (F1,F4–F5,F7–F9), Higuchi (F2,F6), or zero-order kinetics (F3), with anomalous transport (0.45<n<0.89) predominating. Optimized formulation F3 demonstrated superior performance: highest buoyancy (83.21±1.07%), encapsulation (70.34±0.98%), and zero-order release (R²=0.9954). The system’s prolonged gastric retention and controlled release address famotidine’s short half-life (2.5–4 h), potentially improving therapeutic efficacy in acid-related disorders.

Development And Validation Of Rp-Hplc Method For Estimation Of Apremilast In Bulk And Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2025-07-07T08:58:31+00:00

In this study, a straightforward, reliable, precise, and stable RP-HPLC method for estimating Apremilast in the tablet dosage form. Among the method's many benefits are its straightforward and mobile phase, inexpensive solvents, quick analysis. The method uses a Zodiac C18 (150 x 4.6mm) 5µ column with a mobile phase of Water: Acetonitrile: OPA (buffer) in the ratio of (25:75:0.2 v/v) flow rate of 1.0 ml/min Detection at 230 nm, with a sharp peak at 3.60 minutes for Apremilast work. The method exhibits good linearity (r2 = 0.9999) over a concentration range of 2.50-7.50 µg/ml. The % RSD values for method precision and intermediate precision studies were found to be less than 2%. The % recovery was found to be within an acceptable limit 98%-102%.Thus, the created method was described as robust, accurate, exact, and linear. Because the process eliminates the need for costly reagents and also It takes less time and can be used frequently in the business for a standard analysis of the marketed Apremilast tablet dosage form

Development and Evaluation of Naringenin Loaded Niosomal gel

2025-07-07T09:06:29+00:00

The pathophysiology of some chronic diseases, such as viral and autoimmune diseases, is increasingly thought to involve inflammation. Interest in plant-derived products has increased again because of the negative effects and resistance linked to traditional treatments like glucocorticoids and antibiotics. Large amounts of naringenin, a Phyto flavonoid present in citrus fruits, have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties. However, its limited clinical applicability is caused by its poor water solubility and poor absorption. As a result, niosomes containing naringenin were optimized using Box-Behnken design and made using a thin-film hydration technique. Important formulation parameters, such as Span 60 concentration, cholesterol level, and hydration duration, were examined to determine how they affected particle size and drug entrapment effectiveness. The particle size of the improved niosomal preparation was around 310 nm, and its entrapment effectiveness was approximately 82%. A stable, skin-compatible topical system was produced by dispersing the niosomal dispersion in a Carbopol 934 gel. According to diffusion-controlled mechanisms and zero-order kinetics, in vitro permeation tests via Strat-M® membrane demonstrated a controlled release of the medication. Overall, the naringenin-loaded niosomal gel presents a viable strategy to improve topical administration, therapeutic efficacy, and patient adherence.

Highlight

Need for Innovation:

Topical delivery of bioactive compounds like naringenin is limited by its poor water solubility and low skin permeability, reducing its therapeutic efficacy. Naringenin control formulations fail to provide sustained action and optimal skin retention. Therefore, there's a need for an innovative carrier system that enhances skin permeation, entrapment, and controlled release.

Formulation Plan: Develop a niosomal gel formulation incorporating naringenin to improve its topical bioavailability. The plan involves:

Preparing niosomes using the thin-film hydration method
Optimizing for particle size, entrapment efficiency
Incorporating niosomes into a Carbopol 934 gel base for topical application.

Formulation Strategy:
- Step 1: Thin Film Hydration ➔ Naringenin-loaded Niosomes (Optimized via Box-Behnken Design)
- Step 2: Incorporation into Carbopol Gel.
Key Results :

Particle size: ~310 nm ➔Entrapment Efficiency: ~82% ➔ Controlled Drug Release (24 hours) ➔ Zero-order kinetics & diffusion-controlled release.

Analytical Method Development And Validation Of RP-HPLC Method For Estimation Of Lumateperone In Bulk And Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2025-07-07T09:11:39+00:00

Objective:
To develop and validate precise, accurate, and robust analytical methods—UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC)—for the estimation of Lumateperone Tosylate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Methods: The UV spectrophotometric method involved selecting 227 nm as the analytical wavelength using a 50:50 v/v water:methanol diluent. Linearity was established between 5–15 µg/mL (R² = 0.9997).

The RP-HPLC method was developed using a Phenomenex C18 column with a mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH 6.0):methanol (55:45 v/v), a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, and detection at 227 nm. Validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity, system suitability, and robustness were assessed following ICH Q2(R1) guidelines¹.

Results: The UV method demonstrated good linearity (R² = 0.9997), recovery (98.0%–102.0%), and precision (RSD < 2%). The optimized HPLC method (retention time ~4.1 min) showed acceptable asymmetry (1.21) and theoretical plates (>7500), with consistent assay results and % RSD within limits. The methods were successfully applied for quantitative estimation of Lumateperone in capsules².

Conclusion: Both methods were simple, reliable, and suitable for routine quality control of Lumateperone. These findings provide an analytical foundation for future pediatric formulation development of Lumateperone, pending neonatal pharmacokinetic research³.

Formulation and Evaluation of Ferulic acid Loaded Transethosomal Gel

2025-07-07T09:15:56+00:00

The current study used the Box–Behnken design (BBD) to develop and optimize a transethosomal gel loaded with ferulic acid for topical administration. Phospholipids, ethanol, and Span 60 were combined to create transethosomes, which were then cold-prepared and evaluated for entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, and vesicle size. With a vesicle size of 181.28 ± 0.41 nm, an entrapment efficiency of 78.98 ± 0.85%, and a zeta potential of –22.91 ± 0.6 mV, the improved formulation (F4) demonstrated good stability.

In vitro drug release studies using a Strat-M® membrane in Franz diffusion cells demonstrated 96.7% cumulative release over 24 hours, following Higuchi kinetics (R² = 0.9905), suggesting diffusion-controlled sustained release. The gel displayed favorable physicochemical properties (pH = 6.5, viscosity = 4990 ± 33.5 cP, spreadability = 11.56 ± 0.4 g·cm/s). Permeation studies confirmed enhanced drug permeation from the transethosomal gel compared to plain gel (84.3% vs. 39.0% over 24 h).

With its enhanced penetration, regulated release, and possible anti-inflammatory properties, transethosomal gel is a viable cutaneous delivery method for ferulic acid.

HIGHLIGHTED POINTS

Novel Topical Delivery System: Developed and evaluated a Ferulic acid-loaded transethosomal gel for enhanced topical delivery, aiming to harness its anti-inflammatory effects.
Optimized Formulation: Utilized Box-Behnken design (BBD) to optimize Transethosomes formulation, identifying soya lecithin and Span 60 as key drivers for entrapment efficiency and vesicle size.
Stable Nano vesicular System: The optimized transethosomal formulation (F4) evidence a favorable particle size (181.28 nm), high entrapment efficiency (78.98%), also moderate stability (zeta potential −22.91 ± 0.6 mV).
Sustained Drug Release: Ferulic acid was released from the Transethosomes over a 24-hour period in vitro, with release kinetics that matched the Higuchi model and suggested diffusion-controlled release.

5. Enhanced Permeation: The transethosomal gel significantly enhanced drug release and permeation compared to a plain gel, suggesting its potential for improved dermal delivery of Ferulic acid.

Right to Health and Neonatal Surgical Care: Constitutional and Human Rights Perspective

2025-07-07T09:51:46+00:00

The Indian Courts have recognized the right to health as a critical component and fundamental for life and it has been universally acknowledged as a basic and fundamental human right under personal life and liberty guaranteed which falls under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Newborns with congenital Anomalies are highly dependent upon Neonatal surgical care which ensures survival and quality of life. Despite existing legal provisions Minoritized groups in India often encounter challenges and significant barriers when it comes to access to timely, high standard quality and affordable neonatal surgical treatment. Through Directive principles of state policy and judicial interpretation under Indian Constitution neonatal care is part of the health service since it's the prerogative of the state to ensure it.This paper analyze the role of constitutional provisions, international human rights instruments and emanating judicial interpretation, that highlights the right to neonatal care and comprehensive rights-based legal framework for neonatal surgical care ensuring newborns rights receive not only life-saving surgeries but also post-operative rehabilitation in a just and impartial manner.

From Lab to Clinic: Controlled Drug Delivery Mechanisms and Translational Challenges

2025-07-07T09:59:37+00:00

Controlled drug delivery systems (CDDS) are designed to release therapeutic agents at precise rates, locations, and durations to enhance treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. Traditional drug delivery methods have several limitations, including high dosage frequency, difficulty in dose monitoring, and non-specific administration. CDDS address these issues by ensuring targeted delivery, improved bioavailability, and reduced dosing frequency. Excipients play a crucial role in CDDS, with polymers, lubricants, and binding agents being key components. Polymers, both synthetic and natural, help regulate drug release, enhance stability, and improve patient compliance. CDDS function based on various mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled, diffusion-controlled, and water penetration-controlled systems. Advanced techniques such as nanoparticle-based delivery, osmotic-controlled systems, and biodegradable polymers further enhance drug delivery efficiency. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics govern drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, influencing bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes. Factors such as molecular weight, solubility, partition coefficient, and pKa affect drug performance in controlled formulations. Compared to conventional drug delivery systems, CDDS maintain plasma drug concentration within the therapeutic window, reducing toxicity risks and enhancing patient compliance. Applications of CDDS span multiple medical fields, including chronic disease management, neurological disorders, hormone therapy, cardiovascular treatments, and antibiotic delivery. Emerging technologies such as nano-medicine, microfluidics, molecularly imprinted polymers, CRISPR/Cas9, and quantum sensing are revolutionizing drug delivery. Additionally, advancements in 3D printing enable customized dosage forms tailored to patient needs. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including potential toxicity, formulation complexity, and high production costs. Future research aims to improve biocompatibility, develop intelligent biomaterials, and refine personalized medicine approaches. The continuous evolution of CDDS holds promise for more effective and patient-friendly therapeutic solutions.

Development and Evaluation of Gastro-retentive Floating Microspheres Containing Ranitidine Hydrochloride with Natural Polymers Tamarindus indica and Trigonella foenum-graecum

2025-07-07T10:20:59+00:00

The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate floating microspheres of Ranitidine Hydrochloride. This formulation mainly used for inhibition of Gastric acid secretion. In the present study, preparation of ranitidine floating microspheres, evaluation of Floating Drug Delivery System (FDDS) in vitro, prediction of the release, and optimization of stirring speed and polymers ratio to match target release profile was investigated. Floating microspheres were prepared by Cross- linking emulsification method using Tamarind indica, Eudragit RS 100, Trigonella foenum graecum for mucoadhesive and as rate controlling polymer targeted drug delivery or to create protective barriers within the stomach. Floating drug delivery is considered as the most effective amongst the several approaches of gastro retentive drug delivery systems. The short gastric residence times (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying times (GET) are the two most important parameters that play a vital role in improving the bioavailability of drugs those are having an absorption window at the stomach. The gastric contents and remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting the stomachic emptying rate for a prolonged duration. The developed floating microspheres of ranitidine may be used in clinic for prolonged drug release in stomach there by improving the bioavailability.

A Randomized Pilot Study Comparing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Basic Health Education for Tobacco Cessation among Current Smokers Aged 35–44 Years at Government Bus Stand, Patna

2025-07-07T10:27:04+00:00

Introduction:Tobacco use is a significant public health concern, particularly among occupational groups such as government bus drivers, who are often exposed to high stress and irregular routines. Behavioral interventions like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Basic Health Education (BHE) have shown promise in aiding tobacco cessation, yet their comparative impact in this high- risk group requires further exploration.

Aim:This study aimed to evaluate and compare the short- term effectiveness of CBT and BHE in promoting tobacco cessation among current smokers aged 35–44 years employedas government bus drivers attheGovernment Bus Stand, Patna.

Methods:A randomized, two-arm, single-blind pilot study was conducted with 10 male participants, equally divided into CBT and BHE groups. Each participant received four weekly group sessions of 45–60 minutes. The interventions included structured CBT focusing on behavioral triggers, self- monitoring, and relapse prevention, while BHE involved general education on tobacco-relatedharms and motivational guidance. Smoking status was assessed at baselineand at 4 weeks using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), self-reports, and CO monitoring where applicable.

Results:At 4 weeks, 60% of participants in the CBT group quit smoking and 40% reduced usage, compared to 20% quitting, 40% reducing, and 40% showing no change in the BHE group.

Conclusion:CBT showed greater effectiveness than BHE in supporting short-term tobacco cessation among occupational smokers. The results support CBT as a feasible intervention in workplace-based cessation programs and warrant further evaluation through larger randomized controlled trials.

A Contrastive Study on Mental Health and Nutritional Status of Private and Government School Students in Srinivaspura, Kolar District, Karnataka, India

2025-07-07T10:57:52+00:00

Teenage is a critical developmental stage marked by rapid changes in one's physical, psychological, and social makeup. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the mental health and nutritional status of teenagers in Srinivaspura, Kolar district attending government and private schools in the age range of 13–15yrs. 60 pupils (30 from each type of school, with an equal distribution of genders) were chosen using random sampling method. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI, MUAC, and waist-hip ratio), biochemical markers (calcium and haemoglobin), and dietary intake patterns were all included in the nutritional evaluation. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) were used to assess mental health. These findings indicated that students attending private schools had better anthropometric profiles, with higher median values for height, weight, BMI, and MUAC, showing better physical development. Additionally, when assed in private and government school students, their haemoglobin levels were significantly higher (boys: 12.8 vs. 11.4 g/dL; girls: 12.7 vs. 10.0 g/dL; p<0.05) respectively, suggesting a lower risk of anaemia in private schools. However, pupils attending government schools reported consuming fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, but infrequently, indicating a more varied diet. Research on mental health revealed that children attending government schools, especially girls, were more likely to experience moderate to severe forms of stress, anxiety, and depression.

According to dietary behaviour study, children attending government schools had more consistent eating patterns and a greater inclination towards home-cooked meals, whereas students attending private schools showed greater rates of emotional eating and meal skipping. These findings point to a dual burden of malnutrition in government schools, where undernutrition and anaemia are prevalent, whereas in private school settings, dietary abnormalities and psychosocial stress are becoming more prevalent.

The results highlight the necessity of focused treatments, such as comprehensive nutrition instruction, mental health support services, and iron supplements in public schools. Improving general wellness requires addressing the socioeconomic determinants of teenagers’ health through customised school-based initiatives.

Efficacy Of Vacha–Haridradi Granules In Postpartum Hypogalactia: A Case Study

2025-07-07T11:09:19+00:00

Background: Hypogalactia, a common postpartum condition, compromises neonatal nutrition and maternal well-being. The study evaluates the comparative efficacy of Ayurvedic formulation—Vacha–Haridradi Granules on lactation in mothers with Stanya Kshaya.

Methods: A 25-year-old primiparous female presented with decreased lactation post-delivery. Clinical signs included soft breasts (Stana Mlaanata), reduced milk (Stanya Alpata), and infant irritability due to hunger. Hematological analysis revealed mild anemia (Hb 10.2 g/dL) with microcytic hypochromic features. Subject given 10g Vacha–Haridradi Granules once daily with cow milk for 30 days. Subjective (Stanya Kshaya symptoms, ejection pattern, suckling frequency, infant well-being) and objective parameters (baby weight gain, breast engorgement score, serum prolactin in a subset) were evaluated.

Results: Following the intervention, breastfeeding frequency increased to 9 times/day. Milk ejection improved from drops to a continuous stream. Infant weight increased by 750 grams over 45 days, and serum prolactin levels (measured in a subset) rose from 85 to 112 ng/mL. No side effects were reported during the treatment course.

Conclusion: Vacha–Haridradi granules were as effective in managing Stanya Kshaya. The formulation improved lactation metrics with minimal side effects.

Evaluating The Impact Of Adolescent-Cantered Skill Development Interventions On Psychosocial Attributes And Academic Behaviours: A Systematic Review

2025-07-07T11:14:00+00:00

Adolescence is a critical developmental period characterized by significant physical, emotional, and psychological changes. Enhancing psychosocial competencies through adolescent-cantered skill development interventions has become a major focus in education and mental health settings. This systematic review investigates the enhancement of adolescent-centred skill development interventions on psychosocial attributes and academic behaviours such as self-esteem, interpersonal communication, study habits, and adjustment. Total of 30 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2024 were analysed from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using PRISMA guidelines. The evidence suggests that adolescent-centred skill development interventions significantly enhance self-esteem, improve interpersonal communication skills, foster effective study habits, and aid adolescents in adapting to various social and academic environments. This review advocates for the integration of life skills related training programmes into school curricula to address holistic adolescent development.

A Comparative Study Of Caudal Epidural Block Versus Ultrasound-Guided Ilioinguinal-Iliohypogastric Nerve Block For Postoperative Analgesia In Older Children Undergoing Inguinal Surgeries

2025-07-07T11:39:20+00:00

Background: Effective postoperative pain control in pediatric inguinal surgeries is crucial for enhanced recovery and patient comfort. While caudal epidural block has long been the standard regional technique, ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric (USG II/IH) nerve block has recently gained traction due to its precision and safety. This study compares the efficacy and safety of caudal block versus USG II/IH block in older children undergoing elective inguinal procedures.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, comparative clinical study was conducted on 60 children aged 6–12 years, ASA I–II, scheduled for unilateral herniotomy or orchidopexy under general anesthesia. They were randomized into two groups: Group C (caudal block, n=30) received 1 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine, and Group I (USG II/IH block, n=30) received 0.2 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine. Primary outcome measured was duration of postoperative analgesia. Secondary outcomes included FLACC pain scores at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours post-op, need for rescue analgesia, intraoperative hemodynamic stability, and any complications.

Results: Demographic variables and baseline characteristics were statistically comparable between the groups. Group I exhibited significantly longer duration of analgesia (6.78 ± 1.03 hours) than Group C (4.12 ± 0.85 hours; p < 0.0001). FLACC scores were significantly lower in Group I at all time points (1, 2, 4, 6 hours; p < 0.001). Rescue analgesia requirement was lower in Group I (40%) compared to Group C (70%; p = 0.015). Complications such as motor block and urinary retention occurred in 10% of Group C but were absent in Group I. Hemodynamic parameters remained stable and comparable in both groups.

Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric block provides superior and longer-lasting postoperative analgesia with fewer complications than caudal block in older children undergoing unilateral inguinal surgeries, making it a preferable regional anesthetic technique in this population.

Enhancing Financial Forecasting with Random Forest: A Performance Evaluation

2025-07-07T11:50:34+00:00

Stock price prediction is an important and challenging task because it can help investors to make investment strategy decisions and risk management. The popular ensemble learning method Random Forest (RF) is utilized in this study to predict the stock price. We choose the RF model as it is less prone to overfit compared to XGBoost and can work with many attributes in our dataset. Introduction In this study, using historical stock data to predict future prices with four principal parameters: open price, close price, trading volume and moving average. There are selected few selection parameters which makes an impact how the price moves up or down, what market is making trends. Understanding that the RF model is based on a dataset of recorded stock prices and everyone contributes to its set of features. The RF learns complex, non-linear relationships in the data with a decision-tree-based ensemble approach. We evaluate model performance based on MAE, RMSE etc to keep validity of the models and make predictions which can generalize well. Analysing this through comprehensive analysis we show how well (and not so well) Random Forests can predict stock prices showcasing possible strengths and constraints to the model. Any technology that makes a difference in such an ecosystem is indeed worth mentioning because whoever contributes to it can instantly be plunged into the ocean of success, as well said: “Imminent minds think alike” this article will uncover how tech innovations have opened new doors and enhanced stock market analysis offering strong predictive methodology for people who are looking at investment through data-driven lenses

Optimization and In-vitro Evaluation of Cisplatin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles against Lung Cancer Cell Lines

2025-07-08T04:22:07+00:00

Pulmonary malignancy continues to represent a major global health burden with significant therapeutic challenges. Traditional cisplatin chemotherapy is hampered by severe adverse effects and suboptimal tumor targeting. This investigation focused on engineering cisplatin-encapsulated chitosan nanocarriers (Cis-Chi-NCs) to improve therapeutic outcomes while minimizing systemic toxicity. The nanocarriers were synthesized through tripolyphosphate-mediated ionic crosslinking methodology. Formulation parameters were systematically optimized employing response surface methodology to examine the influence of polymer concentration, crosslinker content, and drug-loading ratio on nanocarrier properties. The optimized formulation achieved particle dimensions of 185.4 ± 12.3 nm, polydispersity of 0.24 ± 0.03, surface charge of +28.6 ± 2.1 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 78.2 ± 4.5%. Biological assessment using A549 and H460 pulmonary carcinoma models revealed markedly superior antineoplastic activity versus free cisplatin, demonstrating IC50 concentrations of 2.8 ± 0.3 μM and 3.2 ± 0.4 μM respectively. Fluorescence-based cellular internalization studies confirmed enhanced uptake mechanisms. Flow cytometric apoptosis evaluation demonstrated elevated programmed cell death compared to conventional therapy. These findings indicate that chitosan-based nanocarrier systems offer promising potential for targeted pulmonary cancer intervention with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity profiles

Assessment of Finger and Palmar Dermatoglyphics in Thalassemia Patients in Gujarat: A Search for Diagnostic Traits

2025-07-08T05:05:58+00:00

Background: Thalassemia is a common hereditary blood disorder with a high prevalence in India. Dermatoglyphics, the study of epidermal ridge patterns, has shown potential as a noninvasive indicator of various genetic conditions. This study aims to evaluate finger and palmar dermatoglyphic patterns in patients with thalassemia and assess their potential diagnostic significance.

Objectives: To analyze finger and palmar dermatoglyphic features in thalassemia patients and identify whether specific dermatoglyphic traits are consistently associated with the disease.

Materials and Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study included 60 clinically diagnosed thalassemia patients attending the Thalassemia OPD at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, during February and March 2013. Detailed clinical data were recorded. Finger and palmar prints were obtained using the ink method described by Cummins and Midlo. Total finger ridge count (TFRC), absolute finger ridge count (AFRC), ‘atd’ angle, ‘ab’ and ‘cd’ ridge counts, and fingerprint patterns were analyzed.

Results: Among 600 fingertip patterns studied, ulnar loops were the most frequent (56.5%), followed by whorls (32.2%), arches (8.7%), and radial loops (2.6%). The mean TFRC and AFRC were 117.2 and 148.6, respectively. The mean 'atd' angle was 42.4° in the right hand and 44.3° in the left. Increased ‘ab’ and ‘cd’ ridge counts were also noted. These findings showed a predominance of loop patterns and increased ridge parameters, in line with previous literature.

Conclusion: Dermatoglyphic traits such as increased ulnar loops, ridge counts, and wider 'atd' angles are more common in thalassemia patients. These features may serve as useful adjunct markers for screening and early identification, especially in resource-limited settings.

Comparative Study To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Dexmedetomidine (5 Mcg), Nalbuphine (1 Mg), And Magnesium Sulfate (100 Mg) As Adjuvants To 0.75% Hyperbaric Ropivacaine In Subarachnoid Block For Lower Limb Surgery

2025-07-08T05:13:13+00:00

Background: Adjuvants to local anaesthetics in subarachnoid block (SAB) enhance anaesthesia quality and prolong analgesia. This study compares dexmedetomidine, nalbuphine, and magnesium sulfate as adjuvants to hyperbaric ropivacaine.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 90 patients undergoing elective lower limb surgery under SAB. Patients were divided into three groups (n=30): Group D received 5 mcg dexmedetomidine, Group N received 1 mg nalbuphine, Group M received 100 mg magnesium sulfate, each with 3 ml of 0.75% hyperbaric ropivacaine. Onset, duration, regression, analgesia, and adverse effects were recorded.

Results: Dexmedetomidine produced the fastest onset and longest duration of block and analgesia. Nalbuphine was intermediate. Magnesium had delayed onset and shortest duration. Dexmedetomidine caused more bradycardia and hypotension.

Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is the most effective adjuvant but needs hemodynamic monitoring. Nalbuphine offers a good efficacy-safety balance. Magnesium sulfate is the least effective in this context.

Analyzing Algebraic Operations And Properties Of Pentapartitioned Neutrosophic Binary Sets

2025-07-08T05:20:15+00:00

A Pentapartitioned Neutrosophic Binary Set is represented through a membership functions of truth, contradiction, ignorance, unknown, and falsity, which quantifies the degrees of membership functions for each element over two universes. This paper explores an algebraic operations defined on pentapartitioned neutrosophic binary set. The fundamental algebraic operations on pentapartitioned neutrosophic binary set namely algebraic sum, algebraic difference, algebraic product, algebraic quotient, scalar multiplication, and exponentiation. To further clarify, we include examples illustrating the implementation of the defined operations. Furthermore, these operations are also investigated for key properties, like commutativity and distributivity, and validated using mathematical proofs.

Cancer Prediction On Clinical Data Set Using Machine Learning Technique

2025-07-08T05:27:24+00:00

N\A

Pharmacological evaluation of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in rats

2025-07-08T05:31:51+00:00

Objective: The present work is aimed to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis (HEPM) against acetic acid induced Ulcerative Colitis (UC) in rats.

Methods: Male wistar rats (150–200 g) were divided into five groups: normal control group animals received normal saline for 8 days, disease control group animals received normal saline for 8 days and acetic acid (1ml of 4% v/v) on day 4 via rectally, standard group animals received sulfasalazine 500 mg/kg orally and acetic acid (1ml of 4% v/v) on day 4 via rectally, test group I and test group II animals received the HAEPM at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg bw respectively orally for 8 days and acetic acid (1ml of 4% v/v) on day 4 via rectally. At the end of study, Disease severity was assessed using the Disease Activity Index (DAI), macroscopic scoring, estimation of biochemical parameters (SOD, GSH, MDA, MPO), and histopathology of colon tissue were performed

Results: Disease control group rats showed the significant weight loss, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and significant increase in oxidative stress markers (MDA, MPO) while significant reduction in antioxidant levels (SOD, GSH). HAEPM treated rats, particularly at 400 mg/kg, significantly mitigated these effects through improvement in DAI scores, Reduced weight loss, stool consistency abnormalities, and rectal bleeding, macroscopic scoring and normalization of anti – oxidant parameters. Histopathological examination revealed that HAEPM preserved mucosal integrity, reduced edema, comparable to disease control animals. The findings suggest that HAEPM exerts protective effects against Ulcerative colitis through its antioxidant mechanisms, likely due to abundant presence of polyphenolic compounds

Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatens is demonstrated significant efficacy in alleviating acetic acid-induced colitis in rats, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Further studies are needed to validate its post-treatment benefits and explore its efficacy in other experimental colitis models mimicking human IBD.

Antibacterial Activity Of Jatropha Curcas Sap Against Staphylococcus Aureus

2025-07-08T06:13:20+00:00

Jatropha curcas is a plant that has long been known by the community as a border or hedge plant, a source of medicine, and a producer of oil for lamps. The sap plant contains various chemical compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and jatrophine, which also show antibacterial and antifungal activity. One of the common bacteria in the human body is Staphylococcus aureus, which is associated with pyogenic infections, especially those that attack the skin. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common infectious agents, which enters the skin through hair follicles, sweat glands, or small wounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Jatropha curcas L. on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study was designed as a true experimental study, which aims to determine the symptoms or effects resulting from certain treatments. Preparation of Jatropha curcas L. sap with a concentration of 25% v/v. Required 025 ml of Jatropha curcas L. sap with a concentration of 100% v/v and 0.75 ml of sterile distilled water. Preparation of Jatropha curcas L. sap with a concentration of 50% v/v. Required 0.5 ml of Jatropha curcas L. sap with a concentration of 100% w/v and 0.5 ml of sterile distilled water. Preparation of Jatropha curcas L. sap with a concentration of 75% v/v. Required 0.75 ml of Jatropha curcas L. sap with a concentration of 100% w/v and 0.25 ml of sterile distilled water. The results showed that the 25% concentration of J. curcas sap had an inhibition zone of 21.75 mm, the 50% concentration had an inhibition zone of 22.63 mm, the 75% concentration had an inhibition zone diameter of 24.13 mm, and the 100% concentration had an inhibition zone diameter of 24.75 mm. The conclusion showed that the higher the concentration of Jatropha curcas sap, the larger the diameter of the inhibition zone, this indicates a significant effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Urinary Tract Infections In Antenatal Women: A Prospective Observational Study Of Their Association With Preterm Labor And Fetal Complications

2025-07-08T06:28:57+00:00

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in pregnancy and pose significant maternal and fetal risks, including preterm labor and adverse neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to assess the association between UTIs in antenatal women and the incidence of preterm labor and fetal complications.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 12 months at Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, involving 200 antenatal women between 12 and 37 weeks of gestation. Participants were screened for UTIs using clean-catch midstream urine samples, followed by culture and sensitivity testing. Clinical and obstetric parameters were recorded, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between UTI-positive and UTI-negative groups.

Results: Of the 200 participants, 70 (35%) were diagnosed with UTIs, predominantly caused by Escherichia coli (58.6%). UTI-positive women had significantly higher rates of preterm labor (35.7% vs. 13.8%, p=0.001), PPROM (17.1% vs. 5.4%, p=0.015), and lower mean gestational age at delivery (36.1 ± 1.8 weeks vs. 37.6 ± 1.2 weeks, p=0.003). Neonatal complications were also more frequent in this group, including low birth weight (28.6% vs. 13.8%, p=0.008), NICU admissions (20% vs. 6.9%, p=0.01), and neonatal sepsis (8.6% vs. 2.3%, p=0.04).

Conclusion: UTIs in pregnancy are significantly associated with increased risk of preterm labor and adverse neonatal outcomes. Routine screening and early antimicrobial treatment of both symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria are essential strategies to improve perinatal health outcomes.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in an Infant of a Diabetic Mother: A Case Report and Neonatal Surgical Perspective

2025-07-08T08:48:13+00:00

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in neonates is a rare and clinically heterogeneous disorder. A recognized cause in the neonatal period is maternal diabetes, particularly pre-gestational diabetes. Infants of Diabetic Mothers (IDMs) are at increased risk of transient myocardial hypertrophy, especially of the interventricular septum.

Case Presentation: We present a neonate born to a mother with poorly controlled pre-gestational diabetes, who was diagnosed postnatally with HCM based on echocardiography showing significant septal hypertrophy and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) narrowing. The infant was managed conservatively with beta-blockers, with clinical and echocardiographic improvement over follow-up.

Conclusion: HCM in IDMs is typically transient and responsive to medical therapy. However, distinguishing this from genetic or obstructive HCM is crucial, especially in the neonatal period where surgical intervention may be warranted. Awareness of such presentations is vital for neonatal teams, including pediatric surgeons, cardiologists, and intensivists.

Revitalizing Learning: Examining How Hybrid Environments Influence Student Engagement and Academic Success

2025-07-08T08:52:36+00:00

Hybrid learning has transformed traditional paradigms of education with the infusion of in-person learning into digital-based platforms. In the context of adjusting educational institutions to shifting technological fronts, the effect of hybrid learning on student engagement and academic success assumes critical importance as different models of hybrid learning could alter student participation, motivation, and performance. Thus, digital tools, instruction design, and the interaction of these variables regarding their impact on learner outcomes are some of the important areas to be investigated. Hybrid learning environments offer the opportunity for learners to exercise synchronous and asynchronous learning, which allows a student to personalize education at one's pace. The combination of classroom and online interaction supports active learning in allowing learners to move at their own pace while still having access to real-time discussions and group activities. It has been shown that such environments support student engagement by using multiple learning styles and preferences. However, the hybrid learning approach hinges on the strategy and implementation of instruction as well as the supporting infrastructure and the technology support system.

This paper applies the mixed-method approach with a quantitative examination of student performance metrics and a qualitative understanding obtained from surveys and interviews. The study sample consisted of students from several disciplines who have taken the hybrid courses; hence, they are in a good position to offer the most detailed insight into their experiences. In some of the major variables considered include participation rates, knowledge retention, academic achievements, and perception of engagement in hybrid settings. The hybrid or blended mode will present difficulties in digital literacy gaps, difficulty of accessibility, and variation of self-regulated learning among the students when switching to this set-up. It has a list of disadvantages like the fact that it could affect student responsibility with regards to holding themselves accountable especially in asynchronous platforms, and keeping students engaged within the learning contents are problems teachers need to cope with. This paper draws on the nature of hybrid learning to analyze potential impacts on outcomes in education - much-needed light for educators, administrators, and policymakers seeking environments that work well for students. The findings draw attention to key considerations in planning hybrid courses for engaging instructional methods, robust support from technology, and a feeling of community amongst learners. As for the ending conclusion, the future of education may be greatly considered in discourse: adaptive learning models that fulfill future needs regarding those students educated using digital era processes.

Parmotrema Perlatum: A Lichen& Indian Spice –Evaluation Of Phytoconstituents & Hepatoprotective Potential Of Its Aqueous Extract

2025-07-08T08:56:47+00:00

Background: Common colloquial names for the lichen Parmotrema perlatum, which belongs to the Parmeliaceae family, include Kalpasi, Raathi puvvu, Kallu hoovu, and Chadila. It usually grows on rocks in temperate regions and flourishes in humid oceanic and suboceanic habitats. Bioactive components of Parmotrema perlatum include phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and derivatives of usnic acid. It has long been used as a spice in Indian cooking and in traditional medicine to treat ailments like dermatitis, asthma, respiratory, and inflammatory problems. These substances raise the possibility of pharmacological actions, which calls for more research.

Methods: To determine the active ingredients in an aqueous extract of Parmotrema perlatum, chemical testing, phytochemical screening, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were performed. Furthermore, ethanol was utilized to cause liver damage in a Wistar albino rat model in order to assess in vivo hepatoprotective efficacy. The protective effect of the extract was evaluated by looking at the histological alterations in liver tissue. The typical reference medication for comparison was silymarin.

Results: Alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and cardiac glycosides were detected by phytochemical examination. Compounds with a variety of pharmacological properties, including 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methyl coumarin, Platambin 1,6-dione, Sigmasten 3,5-diene, 1,2-longidione, and Gamolenic acid, were discovered by GC-MS analysis. In ethanol-induced hepatotoxic Wistar rats, the aqueous extract of Parmotrema perlatum showed notable hepatoprotective action at a dose of 200 mg/kg.

Conclusion: Parmotrema perlatum aqueous extract exhibits significant hepatoprotective potential, most likely as a result of the presence of many bioactive phytochemicals that were discovered by GC-MS analysis. These results underline the lichen's potential for additional pharmacological research while confirming its traditional use in the treatment of liver-related conditions

Challenges in Measuring Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Prevalence in School Children: Methodological Issues and Real-World Barriers

2025-07-08T09:09:10+00:00

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which is characterised by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It effects the day to day functioning of an individual, especially children. Although it a wide known disorder, still its prevalence remains unrecognized in India.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the difficulties that arise while determining the prevalence of ADHD in schools in Dehradun.

Method: We systematically searched PubMed,Scopus, Web of Science, andPsychINFO to find relevant studies to estimate the prevalence of ADHD in India.

Results: The main obstacles are a lack of knowledge among parents and educators, a lack of resources and training for educators, the stigma associated with mental health disorders in society, which makes it hard for families to get help, and the assistance that schools provide for diagnosing the disease. The study also draws attention to methodological issues, including the underrepresentation of particular demographics, the use of subjective reporting, and inconsistent diagnostic criteria.

Conclusion: Developing effective policy frameworks, guaranteeing early intervention, and enhancing ADHD identification all depend on removing these obstacles, according to the results of our review. This study emphasizes the need for improved mental health education and more cooperation between healthcare practitioners and schools in order to improve ADHD prevalence research in India.

Law in the Age of Disruption: Multidisciplinary Insights on Emerging Technologies and Legal Evolution

2025-07-08T09:12:51+00:00

The 21st century has experienced unmatched technological breakthroughs that are basically changing the framework of law systems across the globe. The disruptive power of new tech includes artificial intelligence, blockchain, biotechnology, and quantum computing, and the legal theory has new challenges and opportunities in the area of regulation and enforcement. The present paper is a discussion of the interactive nature of law and disruptive technologies and on why the law should be reformed in a multidisciplinary manner. It relies on the wisdom of such fields as computer science, ethics, sociology, and economics to examine the way legal systems can become dynamic so that justice, accountability, and democratic governance can be secured in the fast changing digital world.

Revolutionizing Hair Fall Analysis: The Advanced Precipitation U-Net Model

2025-07-08T09:27:00+00:00

Around the world, long and thick hair is considered a sign of youth, while thick hair in humans is a symbol of youth and vitality. Approximately 80 trillion people suffer from hair fall due to aging, stress, medication, or genetic makeup globally. Hair and scalp-related diseases often go unnoticed in the beginning. Sometimes, a patient cannot differentiate between hair fall and regular hair fall. Diagnosis of hair-related diseases is time-consuming as it requires professional dermatologists to perform visual and medical tests. Machine learning and deep learning studies become a complex overlap between hair loss and psychological issues, making accurate detection difficult. Because of this, the overall diagnosis gets delayed, further increasing the severity of the disease. This study leverages the image-processing capability such as neural network-based applications used in various fields, especially healthcare and health informatics, to predict malignant diseases such as cancer and tumors. This study uses the U-Net to 92% accurately segment even small or thin structures, such as individual hair strands, which is a major challenge in hair fall detection. By producing precise segmentation masks, U-Net helps doctors and researchers identify areas of hair fall more reliably and early, overcoming the difficulties of gradual thinning and subtle changes that are hard to spot with the naked eye.

A Wolf In T-Cell Clothing: Unveiling the Diagnostic Masquerade of T Cell / Histiocyte Rich Large B Cell Lymphoma

2025-07-08T09:31:15+00:00

T cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) is an uncommon and aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by sparse neoplastic B cells within a predominant reactive T-cell background. A female patient aged 53 years presented with generalized constitutional symptoms accompanied by laboratory findings of cytopenias and elevated serum calcium levels. FDG PET-CT revealed widespread lymphadenopathy, skeletal involvement, and dural uptake. Bone marrow biopsy showed diffuse and sinusoidal infiltration by monomorphic lymphoid cells without fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated scattered CD20+ B cells, abundant CD3+ T cells, co-expression of CD15 and BCL2, and the absence of CD30 and ALK, confirming THRLBCL with marrow involvement. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by THRLBCL and emphasizes the critical role of integrated clinical, imaging, histopathologic, and immunophenotypic assessment for accurate diagnosis and management.

Isolation, Characterization, In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluation of The Hepatoprotective Potential of Daucis Carota Extract

2025-07-08T09:35:54+00:00

A portion of the scope of this inquiry is devoted to the investigation of the hepatoprotective properties of an extract of Daucus carota, which is more generally known as carrot. Following the completion of the phytochemical examination, it was discovered that the sample included a considerable amount of carotenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols. One of the discoveries that was made was this one. The extract was found to offer a considerable level of protection against the oxidative damage that can be caused to liver cells, according to the findings of in vitro tests. The findings of these trials indicated that the extract is helpful in shielding liver cells from potentially harmful effects. There was a decrease in the levels of liver enzymes, as well as an improvement in the histological characteristics of the liver, as indicated by the findings of research that was conducted in vivo using a rat model. The research was carried out in order to determine their effects. Based on the observations that have been reported here, it appears that the extract of Daucus carota has the potential to be an effective natural hepatoprotective agent. On the basis of the evidence that has been presented, this is the conclusion that can be formed. The findings make it possible for this to be the conclusion that can be drawn from them.

Alcohol-Induced Portal Hypertension Presenting With Massive Ascites-A Case Report

2025-07-08T09:42:21+00:00

Background: Portal hypertension and ascites are serious complications of chronic liver disease. In alcohol-related cirrhosis, recurrent ascites despite optimal therapy may suggest rare vascular entities such as porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD), which can mimic cirrhosis but follow a different clinical course.

Case Presentation: A 47-year-old male with a 30-year history of chronic alcohol use and comorbid diabetes and hypertension presented with abdominal distension, pedal oedema, dyspnoea, and oliguria. He had two prior admissions for similar complaints. Examination revealed icterus, ascites, anasarca, and mild splenomegaly. Laboratory tests showed anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated transaminases. Ultrasound suggested chronic liver disease with ascites. The patient was treated with intravenous furosemide, oral spironolactone, propranolol, antibiotics, and underwent large-volume paracentesis. Supportive measures included a salt-restricted, high-protein diet. Clinical improvement was noted during hospitalization. He was diagnosed with decompensated liver disease with portal hypertension, most likely due to alcoholic cirrhosis. However, recurrent ascites despite therapy raised the possibility of an overlapping vascular liver disorder such as PSVD.

Conclusion: This case highlights the need to consider alternative diagnoses, such as PSVD, in patients with alcohol-induced liver disease who experience frequent decompensations. Multidisciplinary management, alcohol cessation counselling, and long-term monitoring are crucial. Advanced diagnostics like HVPG measurement or liver biopsy may help differentiate atypical presentations and guide therapy.

A Rare Presentation of First Branchial Cleft Cyst in an Adult Female: A Case Report and Review

2025-07-08T09:50:33+00:00

Branchial cleft cysts are congenital epithelial cysts resulting from the failure of obliteration of the branchial clefts during embryonic development. They often present as painless, fluctuant swellings in the lateral aspect of the neck and may lead to complications such as infection or compression of nearby structures if left untreated. This case report outlines the diagnosis, surgical management, and postoperative care of a 34-year-old female patient presenting with a left-sided neck swelling, later diagnosed and excised as a branchial cyst. The physical examination and imaging studies, including ultrasound and CT scan, suggested a first branchial cleft cyst. Fine needle aspiration cytology supported the diagnosis by revealing benign cystic contents. The goal of treatment is to achieve complete surgical excision of the cyst to prevent recurrence and associated complications.

Recent Advances in Local Anesthesia Techniques and Agents

2025-07-08T10:08:35+00:00

Recent advances in local anesthesia techniques and agents represent significant developments in pain management during dental and surgical procedures. Innovations such as enhanced delivery methods, novel anesthetic agents, and improved pain control strategies have optimized patient comfort and outcomes. This paper explores the latest techniques, including the use of computer-controlled local anesthesia delivery systems, the introduction of new anesthetic agents with fewer side effects, and the application of regional anesthesia techniques that provide longer-lasting effects. Understanding these advancements is essential for practitioners to deliver safe and effective care, ultimately enhancing the patient experience and improving procedural success.

Case Report On Goblet Cell Adenocarcinoma Of The Appendix: A Rarity

2025-07-08T10:13:34+00:00

The rare appendix tumour known as the goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) is distinct from adenocarcinoma and other carcinoid tumours. The most typical symptoms are appendicitis, abdominal distention, and chronic abdominal pain. In this view, we present a case of a 41-year- old male patient who came with a complaint of right lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound abdomen revealed acute appendicitis. A laparoscopic appendicectomy was performed. Histopathological examination reported an appendix showing carcinomatous changes, goblet cell adenocarcinoma low grade. The patient agreed to proceed with a right hemicolectomy, 2- 4 weeks after his appendectomy. Our goal was to increase public awareness of this rare condition and also emphasize how challenging it is to diagnose correctly.

Blue Print Of Regulation Of Extra Terrestrial Vision Aid As Medical Device In India

2025-07-08T10:19:58+00:00

As it is said the Eyes are gateway to one’s soul. It is one of the most important parts of human body as it plays very unique role and functions. We recognise face after seeing through eyes and memory stored.

Through interactions with others, an individual develops a self-image which is mainly based on how others react to them and how they see themselves. Men (but mostly women) are judged by their appearance and their self-esteem is influenced by how others see them. The eye is an important and one of the most complex sensory organs that we humans are endowed with. The vision aid helps us in visualizing objects and also helps us in spectrum perception, colour and depth perception. Beneath all it has characteristicsthat mimics the sense organs and are pretty much similar to cameras and camcorders, and they help us see and visualise objects when light coming from outside enters them.

User Responsive Automatic Method for Real Time Depression Detection Using Deep Neural Network

2025-07-08T10:23:46+00:00

During last one decade the mental health is becoming a major concerning issue to society as number of various socio-economical, personnel and societal issues related to mental health are increased in exponential manner. Depression is mood disorders which result in severe disabling conditions which affect person’s ability to cope with routine life and real-life challenges which are dynamic in nature. It may occur when person remain more than two weeks in negative state of mind continuously. Depression has observable behavioral symptoms related to affective and psychomotor domains which can be identified. Classical approaches majorly depend on person’s behavioral analysis and family observations during clinical interviews, which are effective if it can be precisely defined and assessed but persons have tendency to conceal it so they are less effective while proposed method with Deep Learning techniques perform the said task with accuracy of 79% and open a new era for health care domain.

A Contrastive Study on Mental Health and Nutritional Status of Private and Government School Students in Srinivaspura, Kolar District, Karnataka, India

2025-07-08T11:37:32+00:00

Serum Zinc Levels In Simple Febrile Seizures – A Case Control Study

2025-07-08T11:43:04+00:00

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizures in childhood. Various theories have been put forward regarding the role of micro nutrients as risk factors for febrile seizures. The aim of the present study was to find out the association between serum zinc levels and simple febrile seizures in children aged between 6 months to 5 years.

Materials And Methods: This Hospital based case control study was conducted during June 2019 to June 2020 at Institute of child health & Research centre, Government Rajaji hospital, Madurai medical college, Madurai. The study population includes 70 children with simple febrile seizures and 70 children with fever without seizures as control. Serum zinc levels were measured in two groups by colorimetric method.

Results: Serum zinc level was low in 60 % (n=42) of children with simple febrile seizures and 24.28 % (n=17) of children with fever without seizures though there was no statistical significant difference in distribution of age, sex, temperature, consanguinity & nutritional status (according to IAP grading) between two groups. Mean serum zinc was 57.96 mcg/dl among cases and 84.86 mcg/dl among controls. Hence serum zinc levels were significantly low in Children with simple febrile seizures compared to fever without seizures (p < 0.001) in our study. Also, Majority of children with prolonged febrile seizures had low serum zinc levels.

Conclusion: This study establishes a significant relationship between low serum zinc levels and simple febrile seizures thereby substantiating Hypozincemia was one of the predisposing factors in simple febrile seizures.

Fungal Etiology of Healthcare-Associated Infections: An Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western U.P.

2025-07-08T11:56:49+00:00

Background: Healthcare-associated infections exist as major public health obstacles which result in more serious medical conditions and lengthen hospitalization time and boost healthcare expenses. Healthcare-associated infections now feature fungal infections as critical causes with special risk to immunocompromised and critically ill patients. The research investigates both the fungal causes of HAIs in a Western Uttar Pradesh tertiary care hospital and the pattern of antifungal drug susceptibility.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted for a year in the Microbiology Department of a tertiary care hospital located in Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre Western Uttar Pradesh India. Hospital personnel collected different types of clinical specimens such as blood samples along with urine and respiratory secretions as well as wound swabs, pus fluids and catheter tips and sterile body fluids for fungal diagnostic procedures. Three standard microbiological methods were used for their study including direct microscopy alongside Sabouraud Dextrose Agar culture and mycological techniques sugar fermentation & assimilation for Candida species and lactophenol cotton blue staining for filamentous fungi. Testing susceptibility of antifungals guidelines CLSI M44 A2 for yeast & CLSI M38 A2 for filamentous fungi were followed. The Data analysis conducted through SPSS version 27 while establishing p<0.05 as the threshold for statistical significance.

Results: Total of 521 patients were found positive out of 884 clinical samples. The most common sample types were sputum (47.22%), urine (19.36%), and bronchoalveolar lavage (17.27%). The predominant fungal isolates were Candida albicans (47.28%), Candida tropicalis (17.13%), Candida krusei (15.4%), and Aspergillus fumigatus (4.99%). Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed significant resistance to fluconazole among Candida krusei (52.11%) and Candida albicans (26.15%). Voriconazole resistance was observed in Candida tropicalis (21.52%) and Aspergillus flavus (10.0%). Mucor exhibited complete resistance to voriconazole but was susceptible to amphotericin B and posaconazole.

Conclusion: The study highlights the high burden of fungal HAIs, particularly due to Candida and Aspergillus species, with a concerning rise in antifungal resistance. The findings emphasize the need for continuous surveillance, targeted antifungal stewardship programs, and stringent infection control measures to curb the increasing prevalence of fungal HAIs in healthcare settings.

Basal Cell Adenoma of Deep Lobe of The Parotid Gland Commonly Misdiagnosed Tumour of Parotid Gland: A Case Report

2025-07-08T12:00:47+00:00

Introduction- Basal cell adenoma is an uncommon benign epithelial neoplasm of the salivary glands, accounting for only 1–2% of all such tumours. While it most frequently arises in the parotid gland, it can also develop in the minor salivary glands. Due to its overlapping features with various benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms, accurate diagnosis can be challenging. Definitive identification typically relies on detailed histopathological analysis.

Case Presentation- A 52-year-old female presented with a painless swelling in the right infra-auricular region. Imaging studies revealed a well-circumscribed hypodense mass located within the deep lobe of the right parotid gland, initially suspected to be a pleomorphic adenoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) yielded inconclusive results. As a result, the patient underwent total conservative parotidectomy. Histological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of basal cell adenoma, revealing cystic spaces containing mucoid material and basaloid epithelial cells arranged in trabecular and tubular configurations.

Discussion- Basal cell adenoma was formally recognized as a distinct tumour entity in the 1991 WHO classification of salivary gland tumours. On cytological examination, it may mimic a variety of both benign and malignant neoplasms of salivary and non-salivary origin. The defining histological features include uniform basaloid cells with small, round nuclei, minimal cytoplasm, absence of atypia, and characteristic peripheral palisading. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, with more extensive resection indicated for certain histological variants such as the membranous type due to a higher risk of recurrence.

Conclusion- This case underscores the clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics of basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland. Accurate diagnosis through histological assessment is essential for effective management. Timely surgical intervention is critical in ensuring favourable outcomes and minimizing the risk of recurrence.

Challenges And Methods in Laboratory Testing of Biofilm-Forming Pathogens in Chronic Infections

2025-07-08T12:19:22+00:00

Background: Bacterial biofilms play a significant role in chronic infections, as they contribute to the persistence of pathogenic bacteria by protecting them from both host immune responses and antimicrobial treatments. This study aims to examine the relationship between bacterial biofilm formation and healthcare satisfaction among patients with chronic illnesses, with a focus on the influence of demographic and lifestyle factors.

Objectives: The primary objectives of this research are to investigate the prevalence of bacterial biofilms in chronic infections, analyze the impact of patient demographics (age, years of illness) on healthcare satisfaction, and evaluate the role of lifestyle factors, particularly physical activity, in improving healthcare outcomes.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, where 250 participants diagnosed with chronic illnesses were surveyed to collect data on demographics, healthcare satisfaction, physical activity, and overall lifestyle. Laboratory tests were conducted to measure bacterial biofilm formation, and several statistical tests, including normality tests (Shapiro-Wilk), correlation analysis, Cronbach’s alpha for reliability, and regression analysis, were performed to analyze the data.

Results: The Shapiro-Wilk test indicated that none of the variables followed a normal distribution. Cronbach's alpha showed a moderate internal consistency among healthcare-related variables. Correlation analysis revealed strong negative correlations between healthcare satisfaction and both age and years of illness, while physical activity was positively correlated with healthcare satisfaction. The regression analysis confirmed that physical activity and lifestyle factors significantly predict healthcare satisfaction.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that both demographic factors (age, years of illness) and lifestyle interventions (physical activity) significantly impact healthcare satisfaction in chronic illness patients. Physical activity emerged as a crucial factor in enhancing patient satisfaction. Future research should explore the role of other lifestyle interventions and refine the tools used to measure healthcare satisfaction in chronic disease management.

Acromioaxillosuprasternal notch index(AASI)Versus Traditional Airway Parameters In Predicting Difficult Visualisation Of Larynx - An Observational Study

2025-07-09T04:48:30+00:00

Background: Predicting difficult laryngoscopy remains a challenge in anesthesia. The acromio axillo suprasternal notch index (AASI) is a novel, objective test designed for this purpose.

AIM: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of AASI in predicting difficult laryngoscopy and compare its performance with other conventional airway predictors: Modified Mallampati Grading (MPG), Sternomental Distance (SMD), and Thyromental Distance (TMD).

Methods: This prospective, observational, double-blinded study included 150 patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia. Preoperative airway assessment included AASI, MPG, TMD, and SMD. The Cormack-Lehane (CL) grading was assessed during direct laryngoscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using ROC curves, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV calculations.

Results: The incidence of difficult visualization of larynx (CL grade 3 & 4) was 33.3%. AASI showed the highest sensitivity (93.3%) and specificity (91.2%) at a cutoff value of >0.49. AUC for AASI was 0.933, outperforming MPG (AUC = 0.765), TMD (AUC = 0.702), and SMD (AUC = 0.728).

Conclusion: AASI is a superior predictor for difficult laryngoscopy compared to MPG, TMD, and SMD, offering a simple, reliable, and objective tool, especially useful in supine or uncooperative patients.

Development and Evaluation of Targeted Antihypertensive Therapy Using Losartan-Encapsulated Nanoparticles

2025-07-09T05:03:57+00:00

Hypertension is a widespread chronic condition and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, is commonly prescribed due to its efficacy and favorable safety profile. However, its therapeutic application is limited by poor oral bioavailability (approximately 33%), rapid hepatic metabolism, and frequent dosing requirements. This study aims to develop and evaluate a targeted nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for Losartan to enhance its pharmacokinetic and therapeutic profile. Losartan-loaded nanoparticles were formulated using the solvent evaporation method with polymers including PLGA, chitosan, and PEG derivatives. Formulation optimization was achieved through Box-Behnken Design, enabling the selection of the best-performing formulation based on particle size, zeta potential, drug loading (DL%), and encapsulation efficiency (EE%). The optimized PLGA-based formulation (F2) exhibited a mean particle size of 182.7 nm, zeta potential of –24.6 mV, DL% of 11.2, and EE% of 86.4. SEM analysis confirmed spherical shape with smooth surface morphology and no aggregation. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a biphasic profile with an initial burst followed by sustained release over 48 hours. Kinetic modeling identified the Higuchi model (R² = 0.987) as the best fit, indicating diffusion-controlled release, while the Korsmeyer–Peppas model showed an anomalous transport mechanism (n = 0.61). Stability studies under ICH-recommended conditions confirmed long-term physical and chemical stability. These findings suggest that Losartan-loaded PLGA nanoparticles offer a promising approach for sustained, targeted antihypertensive therapy with improved bioavailability and reduced dosing frequency

Footprints of the Future: How Toe Prints Can Predict Your Malocclusion

2025-07-09T05:39:10+00:00

Aim-This study investigates the relationship between plantar dermatoglyphic patterns (Toeprints) and the three classes of malocclusion, with a focus on gender-based variations.

Background- Dermatoglyphics of the Toes are formed during early intrauterine life and remain unchanged throughout life. Their genetic basis makes them valuable for early prediction of craniofacial development.The correlations between dermatoglyphic patterns and malocclusion, particularly in relation to gender differences, suggest a possible genetic basis for both phenomena. Several genes involved in craniofacial development, including those related to neural crest cells and the formation of the ectodermal layer, may influence both dermatoglyphic patterns and skeletal development. Further genetic studies are needed to explore the exact mechanisms through which these patterns emerge and their potential as biomarkers for craniofacial conditions.

Material and methods -This analysis determined that a minimum sample size of twenty individuals (male , female ) required for each state of skeletal malocclusion (Class I, II, and III). A total of 120 individuals were subsequently recruited to represent the three different skeletal malocclusion groups.This study analyzed 120 individuals divided evenly among malocclusion Classes I, II, and III, with 20 males and 20 females in each.

Result-In Class I malocclusion, males exhibited a higher proportion of whorls (45%), followed by arches (30%) and loops (25%). Conversely, Class I females showed a predominance of loops (55%), followed by arches (25%) and whorls (20%).Class II malocclusion, males had the highest frequency of whorls (60%), with equal distribution of arches and loops (20% each). Females in Class II also showed a considerable presence of whorls (45%), although loops (40%) were more prominent compared to arches (15%).In Class III malocclusion, a notable increase in arches was observed, particularly in males (60%) and females (50%), suggesting that arch patterns may be associated with more severe skeletal discrepancies such as mandibular prognathism.

Conclusion- As research in this field progresses, it may lead to the development of novel diagnostic tools and early intervention strategies based on dermatoglyphic analysis, enhancing the understanding of the genetic underpinnings of malocclusion and contributing to more effective orthodontic treatments.

The Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome: A Narrative Systematic Review

2025-07-09T07:30:39+00:00

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in distinguishing disease severity among patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The review emphasizes the biomarker’s role in early detection and risk stratification. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and manual searching from inception to May 2025. Only articles published in English and involving human subjects were considered. Studies were included if they reported NLR values among patients with DHF or DSS and assessed the relationship between NLR and clinical severity. The initial database search yielded 1.794 records. After removing duplicates and screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 15 eligible studies were selected. Quality appraisal was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklists. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study design, sample size, NLR measurement, severity classification, and key statistical outcomes. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The majority of studies reported a significant association between higher NLR and increased dengue severity, particularly in patients with DSS. However, there was notable heterogeneity in cut-off values, timing of NLR measurement, and reference standards used. A few studies suggested that lower NLR may occur at critical or late stages. NLR demonstrates potential as a simple, cost-effective biomarker for identifying severe dengue, including DHF and DSS. Nonetheless, variation in methodologies and inconsistent cut-offs limit its generalizability. Further standardized, prospective studies are warranted to establish its diagnostic thresholds and timing of use.

Weibull-Weighted Lindley Distribution: Modelling of Heterogeneous Survival Patterns in COVID-19 Data

2025-07-09T08:55:49+00:00

This paper introduces the Weibull-Weighted Lindley (WWL) distribution, a new three-parameter frailty-based model for time-to-event data characterized by unobserved heterogeneity. The WWL distribution arises by compounding the Weibull distribution (as the baseline survival model) with a Weighted Lindley distribution (as the frailty component), resulting in a highly flexible distribution that 6can accommodate increasing, decreasing, and hazard rates. We derive key properties of the model, including its probability density function, cumulative distribution function, survival function, and hazard function. Multiple estimation methods are explored. A comprehensive simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of these estimators. The model’s utility is demonstrated through its application to real-world COVID-19 survival datasets. In all cases, the WWL model provides an excellent fit compared to competing lifetime models, as measured by standard information criteria and goodness-of-fit tests. These findings highlight the WWL distribution as a powerful and adaptable tool for modeling complex survival data with latent heterogeneity.

Conventional, Diffusion Weighted and Dynamic Contrast MRI in Evaluation of Oral Cavity and Pharyngeal Masses

2025-07-09T09:07:54+00:00

Background: The oral cavity is a complicated anatomical region that can be impacted by various disease masses. Proper diagnosis and grading of the mass is crucial for treatment plan and prognosis. The use of added sequences as diffusion weighted MRI (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE) is supposed to offer more accuracy in differentiation and staging of the masses. The aim of the present work was to estimate the diagnostic value of multi-parametric MRI in evaluation of oral or pharyngeal masses.

Methods: The prospective trial was carried out on 80 cases, aged from 18 to 62 years, both sexes, with suspected oral or pharyngeal mass. All patients were subjected to radiological and imaging evaluation including conventional MRI, DWI and DCE.

Results: 26 cases were malignant in nature, two of them were lymphoma. 26 cases were benign including inflammatory masses. Recurrent lesions were found in 16 cases. Post-operative fibrosis in the tumor bed with negative malignancy in pathology was found in 12 cases. Overall accuracy for diagnosis of masses was higher using multi parametric MRI than conventional MRI with 95% and 85.15% respectively. For differentiation of recurrent or residual masses from post-operative fibrosis, Overall accuracy was 86.67% and 66.67% in multi parametric MRI and conventional MRI respectively. T and N staging systems were used for malignant masses. Accuracy of staging of the truly diagnosed cases was 80% using conventional MRI, and 91.6% using multiparametric MRI. For N staging, accuracy of conventional MRI was 80.3%. While accuracy of multipara metric MRI was 91.6%.

Conclusions: Multi parametric MRI use can enhance the diagnostic accuracy of conventional MRI regarding nature of the masses, staging of malignant ones and discrimination of recurrent/ residual masses from post therapeutic changes.

Analytical Method Development and Validation of RP-HPLC For Estimation of Remogliflozin Etabonate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2025-07-09T10:01:03+00:00

A straightforward, creative, and selective reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method that has been developed and optimized can be used to quantify remogliflozin etabonate (RMZ) in both bulk and dose forms. Phenomenex C18, 250 mm X 4.6 mm, 5 µm, was used as the stationary phase for the analysis at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, injection volume of 20 µl, run time of 8 min, and detection wavelength of 228 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and methanol in a ratio of 30:70 v/v. Remogliflozin Etabonate Retention Time was evaluated by the analytical method at 3.7 minutes. To evaluate the linearity of the method, analyte concentration was measured throughout a range of ug/ml to 90 ug/ml, and area was plotted as a function of analyte concentration. For 50% to 150%, the individual recovery ranges from 95.0% to 105.0%, while the mean recovery ranges from 98.0% to 102.0%. The detection wavelength and flow rate were adjusted by ±2 nm and ±0.1 ml/min, respectively, for robustness. With a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9998, the approach was determined to be linear. With the right settings, the approach was also shown to be reliable and accurate.

Analytical Method Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Favipiravir in Bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form

2025-07-09T10:06:08+00:00

Objective: To develop and validate a simple, accurate, and cost-effective RP-HPLC method for the estimation of Favipiravir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Methods: An RP-HPLC method was developed using a C18 column with methanol:water (35:65, v/v) as the mobile phase, pH 3.0, flow rate 0.8 mL/min, and UV detection at 225 nm. The method was validated as per ICH Q2(R1) guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, and robustness. Forced degradation studies were conducted as per ICH Q1A(R2).

Results: Favipiravir showed a retention time of 6.62 min. The method was linear over 0.2–3.2 µg/mL with R² > 0.999, LOD: 0.38 µg/mL, and LOQ: 1.15 µg/mL. Recovery ranged between 97.6–100.2% and %RSD was within 0.07–2.80%. Significant degradation occurred only under alkaline stress.

Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method is accurate, precise, robust, and stability-indicating. It is suitable for routine analysis and quality control of Favipiravir in pharmaceutical dosage forms

Analytical Method Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Levothyroxine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2025-07-09T10:10:50+00:00

Objective: To develop and validate a simple, accurate, and robust RP-HPLC method for the estimation of levothyroxine in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms, ensuring compliance with regulatory quality standards.

Method: A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed using a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and methanol (55:45 v/v). The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min, detection wavelength at 225 nm, and injection volume was 10 µL. The method was validated as per ICH Q2(R1)¹guidelines.

Result: The method exhibited excellent linearity in the range of 0.08–0.8 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r²) of 0.999. Accuracy was within 95–105%, precision (%RSD) was less than 2%, LOD was 0.03 µg/mL, and LOQ was 0.09 µg/mL. The method also demonstrated strong specificity and robustness.

Conclusion: The validated RP-HPLC method is simple, sensitive, precise, and suitable for the routine quality control and stability analysis of levothyroxine sodium in pharmaceutical formulations, meeting all regulatory validation criteria.

Effectiveness of Kneading Technique on Joint Pain Among Old Age People with Osteoarthritis in Selected Old Age Homes at Bhubaneswar

2025-07-09T11:08:10+00:00

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Kneading technique on joint pain among old-age people with Osteoarthritis in selected old age homes at Bhubaneswar

Objective: To assess the level of joint pain among old age people with Osteoarthritis before and after the kneading technique, also aims to evaluate the effectiveness of kneading technique on level of joint pain among old age people with osteoarthritis.

Method & Materials: The research design selected for this study was Quasi experimental pre test post test control group design. The investigator opted purposive sampling technique to select a sample of 40 (exprimental-20 and control-20) of old age people with osteoarthritis according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Those who have no pain sensation, undergone surgery, handicapped or bedridden were excluded from the study. In this study self-structured socio-demographic data tool, Structured Visual analogue scale were used to measure and observe the study accurately. Data was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: After the kneading technique it was remarked that in experimental group 30% samples had no pain, 45% samples had mild pain and 25% samples had moderate pain while in control group 30% samples had mild pain and 70% of the samples had moderate pain. It this study pre-test mean score and SD for the experimental group were 4.35±1.927, and for the post-test it reduced to 2.65±1.814. The difference between the pre-test and post-test mean scores and SD was 1.70 and ±0.801 respectively. It was found to be statistically significant (p<0.0001). In the control group, pre-test mean score and SD was 4.35 and ±1.785 respectively in post-test it reduced to 3.25±1.209. The difference in the score is 1.10±2.47. The paired t test value in experimental group is 9.488, in control group 1.993. It was found more than table value with at 0.05 level of significance. The difference was highly significant. Hence the hypothesis is rejected.

Conclusion: This study revealed that Kneading technique was effective in reducing knee joint pain of old age people with osteoarthritis.

Invitro And Insilico Study With GC-MS Profiling for Assessment of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of The Methanolic Extracts of Annona Squamosa L. Leaves

2025-07-09T11:19:28+00:00

Annona Squamosa L, (sugar apple or custard apple) belongs to tiny plant- family Annonaceae is a tropical plant species, known for its sweet edible fruits and is a reach source of secondary metabolites, (Quercetin, kaempferol, Catechin, Epicatechin, Epigallocatechin gallate etc) .In this study we have performed the phytochemical screening, Total phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid contents Antioxidant activity, anti-cancer and cytotoxic activity of methanolic leaf extracts from Annona Squamosa L.. The free radical scavenging activities were investigated through H₂O₂ assay. To evaluate the anticancer and cytotoxic activity MTT Assay was performed. In this study we have done GC-MS and LC-MS to find out the name and % abundance of flavonoid of interest and from the result we have find out the presences of following flavonoid compounds those are most useful to treat different type of cancer and Endometriosis for its angiogenesis and antifibrotic properties. (1) Kaempferol, (2) Epigallocatechin (EGC), (3) Quercetin and (4) Epigallocatechin – 3 – Gallate (EGCG). Molecular docking method was employed to find out the anticancer activity of the phytoconstituents. Ethnopharmacological study (the study of interrelation between humans and plants including plants used as food, medicine and in other human applications) revels the information of different plant part and their useful preparation method. At the same time in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical tests will provide the proof of evidence that will support the ethnopharmacological report.

Association Of Various Feeding Practices, Malocclusion And Non-Nutritive Sucking Habits In Indian Child Subjects Aged 3-6 Years

2025-07-09T11:56:13+00:00

Background: NNS (non-nutritive sucking) and nutritive sucking might affect craniofacial development differently in the affected child subjects. However, existing literature data is scarce concerning these factors in developing children.

Aim: The present study aimed to assess the association between non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSHs), various feeding practices, and malocclusion in child subjects aged 3-6 years.

Methods: The study assessed 700 child subjects aged 3-6 years from the preschool including 188 subjects with non-nutritive sucking habits and 512 subjects without non-nutritive sucking habits. Feeding practice, the outcome of non-nutritive sucking habits, and exposure to developing malocclusion were assessed.

Results: The study results showed a prevalence of 26.8% of NNHS in study subjects aged 3-6 years. Significant gender difference was seen with p=0.02. Overall malocclusion developing prevalence in study subjects was 34.01% where the most common malocclusion was open bite followed by spacing, increased overjet, crowding, rotation and posterior crossbite, and overbite with 12.57%, 8.5%, 6.8%, 2.2%, 1.4%, and 1.14% respectively. The most common feeding practice was breastfeeding with high chances of NNSH with p<0.0001 in subjects that did not breastfeed compared to breastfeeding infants. A significant association was seen in feeding practices to increased overjet, open bite, and spacing with p=0.001, 0.04, and 0.02 respectively.

Conclusions: The present study concludes that the prevalence of NNSH increases the chances of developing various kinds of malocclusions including spacing, open bite, and increased overjet. Also, breastfeeding plays a protective agent role against the development of non-nutritive sucking habits.

A Comparative Study of Topical Ketamine and Diclofenac Sodium as Oral Rinse in The Management of Post Tonsillectomy Pain

2025-07-09T12:11:50+00:00

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is one of the commonest procedures performed by an otorhinolaryngologist, representing approximately 20-40% of the surgeries performed.¹ Tonsillectomy is associated with unacceptable pain during the first 24 hours after surgery.² Pain management in the immediate postoperative period following tonsillectomy is very essential to ensure proper oral intake. There are various methods of administering analgesics- oral, per-rectal, intravenous, intramuscular, topical. Topical approaches have the advantage of pain control with good patient acceptability in the immediate postoperative period.³ Topical approach helps in delivering the drug at the site of action and hence has better pain relief, with less systemic side effects due to less systemic absorption.

Ketamine and Diclofenac Sodium are non-opioid analgesics which can be used in reducing post tonsillectomy pain in adults. Ketamine, a potent N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel blocker, acts on central nervous system as well as peripheral receptors. It has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory property and inhibits wind up pain and hyperalgesia. It has anti-hyperalgesic effects in subanaesthetic doses.Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) has analgesic properties. It is a Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor and reduces the production of prostaglandins which are the chemical mediators of pain. There are various methods of analysing pain- Visual Analogue scale (VAS), objective pain scale, faces pain scale, behavioural rating scale, numerical rating scale (NRS). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a validated pain measuring scale for adults.

Aims: To compare the effectiveness of Ketamine and Diclofenac Sodium given as oral rinse in reducing post tonsillectomy pain in adults.

Material And Methods: Data was collected from a sample of 60 patients aged 18-30 years who have undergone tonsillectomy in a tertiary care centre from April 2024 to March 2025. Informed consent was taken from the patients and their bystanders. 30 cases for each group were selected by using simple random sampling method. Tonsillectomy was performed by dissection and snare method. Patients in group 1 received Ketamine solution 20 mg dissolved in 10 ml saline. Patients in group 2 received Diclofenac Sodium tablet (dispersible) 50 mg in 10 ml saline. The drugs were administered as an oral rinse -2 times on the day of surgery and at an interval of 8 hours on the first postoperative day. Baseline VAS score was assessed. Pain was assessed half an hour after giving each oral rinse. The onset and duration of analgesia, the time of first oral feed, the need for first rescue analgesic, and side effects of the drugs were noted.

Results: Topical Ketamine has longer duration of analgesia compared to topical Diclofenac Sodium. The patients in Ketamine group had lesser need for rescue analgesics and were able to have their first oral feed earlier when compared to those in Diclofenac group. There were no adverse effects in either groups.

Conclusion: Topical Ketamine and topical Diclofenac Sodium can be used to reduce post tonsillectomy pain without any adverse effects; topical Ketamine being comparatively better.

Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis of Tooth Agenesis: Identifying Key Genes, Regulatory Networks, and Potential Therapeutic Targets

2025-07-09T12:20:46+00:00

Background: Tooth agenesis represents one of the most prevalent developmental anomalies in humans, affecting approximately 2-10% of the global population. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this condition is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions.

Objective: This study aimed to identify and characterize the key genes associated with tooth agenesis through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, including gene ontology enrichment, pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction networks, and drug target identification.

Methods: We utilized the DisGeNET database to identify the top 10 genes associated with tooth agenesis based on Gene-Disease Association scores. Subsequently, we performed enrichment analysis using ENRICHR platform to examine Gene Ontology biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. MicroRNA targets were identified using TargetScan and miRBase databases. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to identify hub proteins, and potential drug targets were explored through IDG drug target analysis.

Results: WNT10A emerged as the most significant gene (scoreGDA: 0.8), followed by BMP4 (0.7) and LRP6 (0.65). Enrichment analysis revealed significant involvement in lipoprotein particle clearance, steroid metabolic processes, and cholesterol transport pathways. The protein-protein interaction network identified key hub proteins involved in cellular signaling cascades. Several potential therapeutic targets were identified, with Baricitinib showing the highest significance as a potential treatment option.

Conclusion: This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of tooth agenesis, highlighting potential therapeutic targets and pathways that could inform future treatment strategies for this developmental disorder.

NT-PROBNP As A Prognostic Marker: Correlation Between Biomarker Levels And Severity, Hospitalization Rate, And Mortality In Heart Failure Patient

2025-07-09T12:25:47+00:00

This study, conducted at the Department of General Medicine, Naraina Medical College and Research Centre, Kanpur, from January 2024 to January 2025 to investigate the prognostic importance of N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in patients admitted to the internal medicine department. NT-proBNP has emerged as an essential biomarker not only for the diagnosis of heart failure but also for predicting outcomes in both cardiac and non-cardiac conditions. This retrospective analysis involved 600 patients, who were categorized into two outcome groups: those who were discharged and those who were either transferred to the intensive care unit or died during hospitalization. NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in the ICU/Deceased group compared to the discharged group (mean: 3732.15 ± 7297 vs. 10923 ± 12572 pg/ml; p < 0.001). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis identified a cutoff point of >1826 pg/ml, above which the risk of ICU admission or death increased 5.44-fold. Subgroup analysis showed that elevated NT-proBNP levels were a significant independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with and without cardiac symptoms (p < 0.001). The findings underscore NT-proBNP’s value as an early warning biomarker to support clinical decision-making, optimize resource allocation, and guide personalized treatment strategies. Incorporating NT-proBNP into standardized e-health monitoring and triage systems may reduce delays in critical care, improve hospital efficiency, and support outcome-focused healthcare governance. These results demonstrate the potential of NT-proBNP to bridge the gap between diagnostic precision and public health policy, enhancing both clinical outcomes and infrastructure utilization

Digital-Based Differentiated Learning Management (A Case Study Of Elementary School Teachers In Kendari City)

2025-07-09T16:17:10+00:00

The purpose of this study is to analyze and reveal in more depth the implementation of digital-based differentiated learning in elementary school education units in Kendari City, as well as the obstacles faced by teachers, and to provide solutions for the implementation of learning in the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum is carried out optimally. This was a descriptive study using a qualitative case study approach. Purposive sampling was used for informant determination. Data analysis techniques with data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions and verification. The results of the study show that the Merdeka Belajar program in elementary school education units in Kendari City has been implemented in stages. The implementation of digital-based differentiated learning is based on the principle that teachers create learning strategies by focusing on the categories of content/content, processes, products, and environments that are adjusted to the needs or conditions of students. The obstacles related to the curriculum often change, which causes confusion and hampers the education process. Efforts are made by teachers to carry out planning at the beginning so that the management of Differentiated Learning can run well and carry out professional development..

A Comparative study between intravenous Lignocaine infusion and ultrasound guided Transversus abdominis plane block plus rectus sheath block for intraoperative hemodynamic stability in laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery

2025-07-09T16:50:46+00:00

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery is currently the mainstay surgical procedure for the treatment of cholelithiasis and intraoperative and postoperative analgesia is still dominated by opioids. However, postoperative complications can easily occur. This study focused on the hemodynamic variations and analgesic effects between the two methods in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy by intravenous infusion of lignocaine and ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane block plus rectus sheath block, providing new ideas for multimodal analgesic strategies and improvements of the quality of postoperative recovery in patients.

Methods: This is an observational study conducted after ethical committee approval. In this study, 60 patients were allocated into 2 groups to receive intravenous Lignocaine infusion (group L) and transversus abdominis plane block plus rectus sheath block (group B). Hemodynamic variations during intraoperative period were monitored and post operative analgesia and bowel recovery were assessed.

Results: Intravenous Lignocaine infusion shows significant intraoperative hemodynamic stability (p value -0.025) and postoperative bowel recovery (p valve-0.0001) and block shows significant VAS scores (p value -<0.0001)

Conclusion: intravenous lignocaine infusion provided better hemodynamic stability intraoperatively and faster bowel recovery whereas transversus abdominis plane plus rectus sheath block provided better postoperative analgesia

Formulation And Evaluation Of Biodegradable Microspheres For Controlled Release Of Glibenclamide

2025-07-09T17:03:56+00:00

The development of sustained-release drug delivery systems, particularly biodegradable microspheres, offers a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance for drugs like Glibenclamide, which traditionally requires frequent dosing due to its short elimination half-life (Rashmi R Kokardekar et al., 2015). Glibenclamide, an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, can benefit significantly from controlled release formulations that overcome issues such as the "all or nothing" effect and non-uniform drug release associated with conventional extended-release single-unit dosage forms (Rashmi R Kokardekar et al., 2015). Microspheres, ranging from 1 to 1000 µm, are multi-particulate drug carrier systems designed to improve drug bioavailability and minimize side effects by providing a constant and prolonged therapeutic effect, or by targeting specific sites (Prashant Singh & Ritu M. Gilgotra, 2020). This research investigates the formulation and evaluation of biodegradable Glibenclamide microspheres, focusing on their physicochemical properties, drug entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro release kinetics. Various methods have been employed for preparing biodegradable microspheres containing Glibenclamide, primarily aiming for sustained drug release and enhanced patient adherence. For instance, Simvastatin-loaded PLGA microspheres were prepared using an oil-in-water emulsion/solvent evaporation method, demonstrating its applicability for controlled release systems (*Email: jafarzattums.ac.ir, 2016). In the context of Glibenclamide, studies have utilized emulsion-solvent evaporation with polymers

like Ethyl Cellulose N100, a water-insoluble polymer known for its biocompatibility, stability, ease of fabrication, and cost-effectiveness, to achieve sustained release for up to 24 hours (Rashmi R Kokardekar et al., 2015). This method involves dissolving the drug and polymer in a suitable solvent, which is then dispersed into an encapsulating medium, allowing the solvent to evaporate and form solid microspheres (Prashant Singh & Ritu M. Gilgotra, 2020).

Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation Of 2, 4, 5-Trisubstituted Imidazole Derivatives As Potent Antimicrobial Agents

2025-07-09T17:18:51+00:00

Imidazole derivatives are thought to be promising chemical substances that may have therapeutic efficacy against a number of dangerous pathogenic microorganisms. Molecular docking is an effective method in modern drug design to have greater comprehension of computational binding. New imidazole derivatives were designed for this investigation. Out of the designed compounds two derivatives, N1 (naphthalen-1-yl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole) & N2 (2-(2-methylenaphthalen-1-yl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole), exhibit good affinity for the active pocket of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (ID2VF5), according to the molecular docking studies. The compounds with a high binding affinity were synthesized by using a condensation reaction in the presence of a catalyst. IR and 1H NMR were used to confirm the synthesized compound's structure. By employing the cup & plate procedure, it was found that the synthesized imidazole derivatives exhibited antimicrobial activity toward both the Gram-positive organism Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative organism Escherichia coli

Post-Viral Myalgia and The Scope of Homoeopathic Interventions: A Review of Clinical Outcomes

2025-07-10T04:38:43+00:00

Background: Post-viral myalgia is a commonly observed sequela following viral infections, including influenza, dengue, and COVID-19. Characterized by persistent muscle pain and fatigue, it often remains a therapeutic challenge. Homeopathy, with its individualized and holistic approach, may offer symptom relief in such chronic conditions. This study aims to evaluate the role of homeopathic medicine in the management of post-viral myalgia.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of individualized homeopathic treatment in alleviating symptoms of post-viral myalgia and improving patient quality of life.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over six months on 20 patients diagnosed with post-viral myalgia. Each patient received individualized homeopathic remedies based on totality of symptoms. Assessment was done using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Improvement was categorized based on percentage change in scores.

Results: Out of the 20 patients enrolled in the study, 17 patients (85%) showed significant improvement in muscle pain, with a mean reduction of 62% in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores by the end of 8 weeks. Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) scores improved in 15 patients (75%), indicating substantial relief from post-viral fatigue and improved ability to perform daily activities. No adverse effects or aggravations were reported during the treatment period, and all patients completed the follow-up. The most commonly prescribed homeopathic remedies included Rhus Toxicodendron, Gelsemium sempervirens, Arnica montana, Phosphoric acid, Bryonia alba, Sarcolactic acid and Lycopersicum.

Conclusion: Homeopathic medicine may be a safe and effective therapeutic option in managing post-viral myalgia. The individualized approach offers potential benefits in symptom control and quality-of-life enhancement. Larger randomized controlled trials are recommended to further validate these findings.

Physicochemical Characterization of Textile Effluent from A Dying Industry in Tiruppur of Tamil Nadu

2025-07-10T04:46:53+00:00

Paramount water pollution in a number of lentic systems is caused by textile and dye industries that discharge various chemical contaminants through effluents. For the present study, effluent samples were collected in situ from the outlaw of a textile dying factory in Tiruppur, that discharge effluents, claimed to be treated, into River Noyyal a tributary of Kaveri River. Effluent was collected from three stations, station I in the vicinity of the source and station II and III, located 10 and 20 meters away from the source respectively. The current work focused on the quantification of physical characteristics, chemical components, mineral and heavy metal contaminants in the dying industry effluent. Physical attributes like turbidity, electrical conductivity and TDS were above permissible limits. Chemical factors like free ammonia, DO, COD and BOD fluctuated significantly from the permissible limits. Minerals like Mg, NO₃, Na, K₁SO₄and Cl were present in concentrations above the permissible limits. Heavy metals like Al, Cd, Cr, Fe, Fb, Co, Ag and Mg were recorded in significantly high concentrations. Addition of this effluent into the water body is injurious to human beings and to the riverine biota

Success of Dental Implants Towards Diabetes Mellitus Patients – A Review

2025-07-10T04:51:38+00:00

In recent times, the rising global prevalence of diabetes has emerged as a notable societal worry. Among individuals with diabetes, persistent hyperglycemia over the long term has the potential to impact the human body system. Diabetes has been recognized for its negative impact on oral rehabilitation. specifically affecting the process and outcomes of dental implant procedures. Since 1990, there have been extensive studies conducted and published concerning osseointegration and the outlook for dental implants among individuals with diabetes. Diabetes on dental implant success has been comprehensively examined in this research, and variables that might enhance osseointegration. Research indicates that dental implants can remain viable in diabetic patients. Implant failure rates are significant, according to research on diabetic animals and the literature. Even in individuals with moderately uncontrolled diabetes, most clinical investigations show that the dental implants failure is statistically negligible. The clinical outcomes of implants in diabetic patients seems to be comparable to that of those without diabetes when appropriate treatment planning, preventative measures, and post-operative care are taken

Morphometric Analysis of The Mandibular Foramen in Dry Adult Human Mandibles: An Observational Study in The North Indian Population

2025-07-10T05:12:46+00:00

Background: The mandibular foramen (MF), located on the inner surface of the mandibular ramus, is a vital anatomical landmark. It transmits the inferior alveolar nerve and vessels, making its precise localization essential for procedures like nerve blocks, fracture repair, implant placement, and orthognathic surgeries.

Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 35 adult dry human mandibles in the Department of Anatomy, ESIC Dental College & Hospital, Rohini, Delhi. Ethical clearance was obtained prior to the study. The position of the mandibular foramen was measured using a digital caliper (accuracy 0.1 mm) and other standard tools, based on its distance from specific anatomical landmarks.

Results: The mean values of D1, D2, and D5 showed minimal variation between sides and were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). In contrast, significant differences were observed for D3 and D4, with higher mean values on the right side (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). The angle measurement (A) also demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02), with a higher average angle recorded on the right side (125.1° ± 3.21°) compared to the left (115.4° ± 2.96°). These findings suggest asymmetry in certain morphometric parameters.

Conclusion: The present study highlights significant anatomical variations in the position of the mandibular foramen in adult dry mandibles. Precise morphometric data provide important insights for clinical procedures like inferior alveolar nerve blocks and contribute to anthropological and forensic research. These findings offer a valuable reference for surgical planning and future anatomical studies.

Don’t Waste Your Taste: - A Comparative Evaluation Of Altered Gustatory Perception In Patients Of Oral Submucous Fibrosis

2025-07-10T05:24:50+00:00

Introduction: The major disabilities like trismus and odynophagia that occur in the patients with OSMF are well documented, but impairment of the taste sensation has not received much attention, owing to limited research work in the field. Due to scarcity of the literature on this aspect of the disease process and influence of OSMF on taste perception, the present study intended to assess and compare the alteration in taste perception among patients with OSMF and healthy subjects.

Aim: To evaluate altered taste perception in Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients.

Materials and Methods: The comparative study included 70 patients, both males and females with the age range of 20 to 55 years. Four basic tastants (sweet, salty, sour, bitter) were prepared as follows: sucrose for sweet, sodium chloride for salty, citric acid for sour, and quinine sulphate for bitter and full mouth rinse test was performed. The data obtained were tabulated and analysed by the Pearson Chi-Square test; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The overall result suggested that there is significant alteration of taste. The sweet taste was altered followed by salty and bitter, sour taste was not altered in any of the patients. It also showed that there was more alteration in sweet taste with the progression of stages of OSMF.

Conclusion: The study points out at the significance of alteration in taste perception in OSMF patients by using physiological stimuli tastants.

Endovascular Treatment for Patient Suffering Acute Ischemic Attack at Younger Age

2025-07-10T05:40:34+00:00

Patient experiencing an acute ischemic due to proximal anterior circulation artery blockage should receive endovascular thrombectomy instead of routine medical therapy. when treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS) rapid and efficient revascularization is crucial Clinical and radiological data of individuals under the age of younger were reported of AIS were examined. They received endovascular therapy, which involving thrombus aspiration, mechanical thrombectomy. Primary outcome of decreased disability on the modified division scale (mRs) at 90 days, patients with thrombotic stroke caused by closing of the nearby prior artery circulation were assigned at the random to receive either endovascular thrombectomy within 12hr of symptom onset or standard. 53.0 percent of those treated reported a boost in their level of functional independent (90-day revised rating score of 0 to), compared with 29.3 percent of the individuals in the control group. Upcoming funding for grassroots efforts epidemiological analyses on embolic stroke will result in improved approaches to improve strokes avoidance and healing for the younger population in this nation. High arterial regeneration frequencies..

Association of eNOS and ACE Gene Variants with Increased Susceptibility to Congenital Heart Defects

2025-07-10T05:46:50+00:00

Background: Genetic polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes have been linked to the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, their precise role in CHD susceptibility remains to be fully elucidated. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the association of eNOS (rs1799983) and ACE (rs4646994) gene polymorphisms with the risk of CHDs in an Indian population. Methods:
A case-control study was conducted involving 112 children with CHDs and 112 age-matched healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

Results: For eNOS (rs1799983), both the GT genotype P < 0.0001; OR = 4.7435 (2.5849 to 8.7050) and GG genotype P = 0.0051; OR = 3.3281 (1.4350 to 7.7189) were significantly associated with increased CHD risk. The dominant model (GT + GG) also showed a strong association P < 0.0001; OR = 4.3293 (2.4679 to 7.5945) For ACE (rs4646994), the ID genotype resulted in P= 0.0307; OR= 2.3824 (1.0841 to 5.2352) DD genotype was significantly more frequent among CHD cases P < 0.0001; OR = 5.2941(2.8342 to 9.8892) while the dominant model (ID/DD) demonstrated a strong association with CHD risk P < 0.0001; OR = 4.1294 (2.3629 to 7.2166). Allele frequency analysis revealed a significantly higher frequency of the G allele in eNOS (rs1799983) and D allele ACE (rs4646994) among cases compared to controls (both P < 0.0001), suggesting their roles as potential genetic risk factors for CHD.

Conclusion: Polymorphisms in eNOS (rs1799983) and ACE (rs4646994) genes are significantly associated with increased susceptibility to congenital heart defects in the studied Indian cohort. These findings provide valuable insight into the genetic basis of CHDs and support the potential for using these markers in genetic screening and risk assessment.

Multi Parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluation of Post Operative Breast

2025-07-10T06:16:46+00:00

Background: Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MPMRI) is essential for assessing regional axillary nodes, finding concealed breast cancer, and figuring out the cancer's spread. Investigating the diagnostic efficacy of multi-parametric breast MRI in the post-operative breast assessment was the aim of this study.

Methods: This prospective study included 40 female patients, aged 34 to 77 years, who had post-operative breast conditions. Each patient underwent evaluation using MPMRI.

Results: Sensitivity of the kinetic curves for detection of malignant masses was 91.67 % and specificity was 88.89%. Total choline (t-Cho) was significantly lower in benign lesions than in malignant lesions, with a cut - off value of 2, this gives a sensitivity of 83.33%, the specificity 77.78% and accuracy 80.95. The role of Multi parametric MRI in predicting the presence of a tumor was significant, with a high sensitivity (91.67%), specificity (92.86%), along with a significant (P <0.001). These metrics demonstrate MPMRI effectiveness in accurately identifying tumors, offering a reliable diagnostic tool compared to final biopsy results. Recurrence was significantly different between mammography group and MPMRI group (P=0.001).

Conclusions: MP MRI demonstrates significant diagnostic accuracy for identifying recurrent breast cancer after breast surgery.

Burden of Carbapenem Resistant Urinary Isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella at Tertiary Care Hospital

2025-07-10T07:35:19+00:00

Background: Urinary tract infections are a significant cause of morbidity worldwide, with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Being the predominant causative agents. The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) poses a grave public health threat due to limited treatment options.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to September 2024 in the Department of Microbiology at Sharda University. Urine samples from suspected UTI patients were processed using standard microbiological techniques. Isolates were identified using biochemical methods, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines.

Results: In the present study, out of 8154 urine samples, 1166 were culture positive, among which E. coli 712 (61.06%) and Klebsiella spp. 128 (10.97%) were the predominant isolates. Of these, 190 (26.68%) of E. coli and 54 (42.18% ) of Klebsiella species exhibited resistance to carbapenems.

Conclusion: The increasing burden of carbapenem resistance in urinary pathogens underscores the need for antimicrobial stewardship, rapid diagnostic tools, and infection control practices in healthcare settings.

Burden of Otorrhea: Microbial Profile with AntimicrobialSusceptibility of A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

2025-07-10T07:41:00+00:00

Introduction: Otorrheais a prevalent clinical symptom associated with various forms of ear infections, particularly in developing countries such as India. These infections are a significant cause of morbidity, leading to complications such as hearing loss, especially among children. The microbial etiology of otorrhea is diverse, encompassing bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with the antimicrobial susceptibility of these pathogens evolving due to changes in antibiotic use patterns.

Aim and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find the burden of otorrhea and its microbial profile with antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates.

Materials and Methods: This Observational cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Central Laboratory, Sharda Hospital, on all the aural discharge(swab) samples received in the bacteriology unit. The Culture preparation and bacterial identification were performed using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method as per the CLSI guidelines 2024guidelines.

Results: A total of 291 patients presenting with aural discharge were included in the study. Of the 291 ear swab samples processed, microbial growth was observed in 222 samples (76.28%), while 69 samples (23.71%) showed no growth. Among the positive cultures, Staphylococcus aureus (33.78%) was the most frequently isolated bacterial pathogen, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.82%). Analysis of the antibacterial susceptibility patterns revealed that 22.07% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Staphylococcus aureus isolates demonstrated a high level of resistance to Penicillin G, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed notable resistance to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins.

Conclusion: The study underscores the evolving microbial profile and antibiotic resistance in aural discharge. Regular surveillance and prudent antibiotic use are crucial for effective management and resistance control, thereby supporting improved clinical outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship in otorrhea.

Advancing Personality Insight Automation: A Hybrid Machine Learning Strategy

2025-07-10T07:47:24+00:00

This academic paper investigates how to improve automated personality prediction by using machine learning techniques. The core of this study is the use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) dataset obtained from Kaggle, with the goal of improving the prediction accuracy of the Judging-Perceiving (J/P) dichotomy. Previous studies have highlighted significant obstacles to predicting this factor, often due to issues like data loss and model inefficiencies. This examination looks at several machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, XGBoost, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression, and LightGBM, to see how they can overcome these obstacles. The results show that traditional single-model techniques are not as reliable or precise as ensemble models, particularly LightGBM. To overcome data imbalance, further sophisticated data preparation techniques are added, such as TF-IDF vectorization and SMOTE. By amalgamating these diverse modelling techniques, this research establishes a sturdy framework for automated personality forecasting, supplying valuable insights for fields such as psychology, marketing, and human resources. By bridging critical gaps in existing methodologies and proposing innovative remedies for more precise and dependable personality prediction, this paper makes a significant contribution to the academic domain.

Maritime Digital Forensics for Blue Economy Sustainability

2025-07-10T07:55:46+00:00

Maritime digital forensics is becoming imperative in protecting marine environments under growing environmental concerns and operational sophistication. This article provides a full review of available forensic technologies—such as extracting data from Voyage Data Recorders (VDRs), Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), and shipboard IoT sensors—and discusses the role of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence for anomaly detection and blockchain for evidence integrity. The review identifies key areas of real-time data integration, scalability, and digital preservation of evidence that hinder adequate environmental protection. Based on these findings, we propose a conceptual framework that unifies digital forensic practices and sustainable maritime operations to encourage incident response, compliance with regulations, and overall stewardship of the environment. While improving marine operation's openness and responsibility towards sustainable development goals, the framework helps to quickly identify and respond to environmental events.

Diabetic Retinopathy: Evaluation and Analysis using Computer Method

2025-07-10T08:35:48+00:00

This study suggests novel approaches for solving retinopathy diabetes through computational methods. Diabetes is the primary cause of this widespread retinal infection, which is a leading cause of vision impairment in middle-aged and older adults. In order to successfully monitor the infection's course, early identification and detection by routine screening and appropriate treatment would be highly advantageous. Retinopathy is now detected via a labor-intensive, time-consuming process that mostly depends on a doctor's skill. Automated detection of diabetic retinopathy is required to overcome these problems. Diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy also depends on early detection because, with appropriate treatment, it can prevent blindness.

In order to recommend lone sick individuals to a master for extra care and supervision, a robotized prediction framework for diabetic retinopathy upgrades in the eye is necessary because there are more people with the condition than eye experts who can scan them. Shaded photographs of the retina are used to analyze the angles and stages of retinopathy. An great tool for compelling Diabetic Retinopathy screening is image recognition, which may be used to detect these many symptoms and phases of the disease in a robotized manner. Additionally, it can send the patient to a professional for aid. A unique approach that detects the early indicators of diabetic retinopathy and classifies them into distinct groups is proposed in this work.

This method can be used to confirm or disprove the detection in medical situations. The approach created here could also be used to combine detecting expertise for the benefit of humanity. The model gave the highest possible accuracy. Therefore, a plan that has been implemented may help people with diabetic retinopathy avoid becoming completely blind.

Management of Radius Non-Union with In-Situ Square Nail and Fresh Ulna Fracture with Positive Ulnar Variance: Dual Bone Plating and the Novel Use of an Ulna Strut Graft for Radius Non-Union and Simultaneous Ulnar Variance Correction—A Case Report

2025-07-10T08:41:57+00:00

Introduction: Radius non-union in the presence of prior hardware, along with a fresh ulna fracture and positive ulnar variance, presents a complex challenge. Correcting ulnar variance is essential for addressing wrist pain and restoring normal forearm biomechanics.

Case Report: We present the case of a 60-year-old female who sustained a right forearm injury following a slip. She had a square nail inserted into the radius 15 years ago, which contributed to non-union. The recent trauma resulted in a fresh fracture of the ulna shaft and positive ulnar variance, contributing to wrist pain. The surgical intervention involved the removal of the square nail, ulna shortening, and plate fixation of both the ulna and radius. The radius non-union was treated by freshening the bone edges, and an ulnar strut graft harvested from the shortened ulna was used to prevent radius shortening, stabilize the non-union and to simultaneously correctthe positive ulnar variance.

Conclusion: This case illustrates a comprehensive approach to managing radius non-union with prior hardware, combining radius and ulna plating with ulna shortening and using the same ulnar strut graft to prevent further radius shortening, to correct the ulnar variance and to helprestore stability to the forearm.

Bone Marrow Aspirate and Trephine (BMAT): Navigating Challenges and Optimizing Diagnostic Yield - A Comprehensive Review

2025-07-10T08:54:26+00:00

The Bone Marrow Aspirate and Trephine biopsy (BMAT) procedure is fundamental for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring hematological and non-hematological disorders. Achieving a comprehensive morphological evaluation often requires a multi-faceted approach, including aspirate smears, trephine biopsy, imprint preparations, spicule crush, and clot preparations. (1,2)

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the BMAT procedure, highlighting common challenges encountered in obtaining adequate and representative samples and critically evaluating evidence-based strategies to optimize diagnostic yield. We synthesize current literature, including best practice guidelines from the International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH), alongside clinical experience, to enhance the understanding of clinicians and medical students. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of common discrepancies and propose mitigation strategies to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management

DeepCAD: A Medical Image Analysis Approach for Coronary Artery Disease Detection in CTA

2025-07-10T11:35:37+00:00

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) continues to be a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning and improved patient outcomes. While Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) serves as a widely adopted non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating CAD, the manual interpretation of CTA scans is time-consuming and subject to significant inter-observer variability, often affecting diagnostic consistency and timeliness. To address these challenges, our research introduces an advanced deep learning-based framework aimed at automating the detection of CAD using CTA images. The proposed methodology leverages the power of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) integrated with attention mechanisms to ensure robust and precise feature extraction and classification. These attention modules help the model focus on diagnostically relevant regions, thereby improving interpretability and accuracy.A comprehensive image preprocessing pipeline has been implemented to enhance the input data quality. This includes vessel segmentation to isolate coronary arteries, contrast enhancement for clearer visualization, and noise reduction techniques to suppress irrelevant artifacts. Such preprocessing significantly boosts the model’s performance by ensuring that critical features are preserved and highlighted during training. The model is trained and validated using large-scale, annotated datasets to ensure generalizability and statistical reliability. Quantitative evaluation demonstrates that our approach achieves superior accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity compared to traditional diagnostic methods and baseline deep learning models. These results highlight the potential of AI-driven systems to reduce diagnostic delays, improve consistency, and assist clinicians in making informed decisions.

Formulation And Development Of Nanocrystals By Using Natural Amino Acid

2025-07-10T12:10:29+00:00

Objective: The primary target of this study was to formulate and invitro study of BSA loaded nanocrystal containing paclitaxel as a novel method by desolvation technique. The impact of various test on the particle size, entrapment efficiency, percent drug released etc. was assessed. The 3² full factorial designs was employed to investigate the influence of formulation variables on nanocrystals characteristics.

Method: BSA loaded nanocrystals were prepared by using desolvation technique. Nanocrystals were prepared by using BSA and PVP K 30; these were characterized for various methods such as shape, size and, entrapment efficiency and Zeta Potential, Drug excipients compatibility which is determined by FTIR.

Result: FTIR shows there was no interaction between formulation ingredients. The average particle size was found251.3 nm. The size of nanoparticles increases with BSA-PVP polymer concentration. Prepared nanocrystal shows drug content 96.04% and Entrapment Efficiency 92.05% with particle size 251.3 nm. In-vitro drug releases shows maximum 96.07%.

Conclusion: By using desolvation method BSA loaded nanocrystals was successfully prepared and evaluated, containing good particle size, EE% and zeta potential % drug release so by doing further in vivo study it could be good choice for conventional drug delivery system

Informed Rejection: A Theoretical Framework for Transparent Recruitment and Structured Feedback

2025-07-10T12:23:10+00:00

The study addresses key challenges in India's recruitment landscape. These include vague job advertisements. The absence of structured feedback is also a problem. 73% of applicants do not receive any response, which is called ghosting. These issues undermine fairness and trust. This is particularly seen in the private and academic sectors. A transparent recruitment model is proposed to address this. The model is based on systems theory, equity theory and social exchange theory. It lays down clear evaluation criteria. The criteria include weightings, such as academics -40%, technical skills -35%, communication -25%. It also lays down sub-categorization and rejection thresholds. Testing methods for each component are also included. The model ensures that every applicant receives a response within a week. The feedback will be specific and actionable. It is tailored to the cultural context of India. The model was operationalized using the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology and validated through sample job advertisements across sectors like IT, engineering, finance, marketing, and academia. Comparative analysis shows the model's superiority over current Indian practices, which lack clarity, testing specificity, and feedback. The propose framework significantly enhances candidate experience, transparency, and trust. Furthermore, realworld rejection scenarios illustrate how the model provides either threshold-based or performance based feedback, encouraging candidates' future development with tailored suggestions and learning resources. Overall, the study offers a scalable, equitable, and culturally sensitive recruitment solution, aimed at professionalizing hiring processes in India and reducing ambiguity and disengagement in job applications..

Understanding the Child's Mind in Marital Conflict: A Comparative Psychological Study

2025-07-11T04:13:02+00:00

Marital conflict is a widespread problem that not only impacts the dynamics of spousal relationships but also has serious psychological effects on children. This comparative psychological study investigates how different levels of marital disputes influence children's mental health, focusing on behavioral, emotional, and cognitive aspects. The present study uses a sample of children from both high-conflict and low-conflict family settings. In addition that study applies standardized psychological assessments to measure anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and behavioral adjustment. The findings show a strong link between the severity of parental conflict and worsening child mental health outcomes, highlighting the urgent need for early intervention and family-focused psychological support.

Comparative Evaluation of Gingival Healing Following Gingivectomy Using Grapeseed Extract Gel and Amla Gel: A Clinical Study

2025-07-11T04:53:37+00:00

Objective: To assess and compare the clinical efficacy of grapeseed extract gel and amla gel in promoting gingival healing post-gingivectomy

Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed on a group of 20 patients scheduled for gingivectomy. Participants were assigned to two groups: Group A (10 patients) received topical grapeseed extract gel, and Group B (10 patients) received amla gel after ginigivectomy procedure. Clinical parameters including Gingival Index (GI), Wound Healing Index (WHI) were assessed at DAY 10, DAY 20 and DAY 30 postoperatively. Pain assessment was carried out using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 24 and 72 hours, as well as on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day after the surgery.

Results: Both groups exhibited significant decreases in gingival inflammation over the follow-up period (Group A: GI from 2.00 to 0.43; Group B: 2.00 to 0.86; p < 0.05). Wound healing progressed in both groups, with Group A showing a higher mean WHI at Day 30 (3.60 vs. 3.20), though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.075). Pain levels declined significantly in both groups from 24 hours (mean VAS 4.50) to Day 30 (0.00), without significant differences between the groups at any evaluated time (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Grape seed extract gel appears to enhance wound healing and reduce gingival inflammation more effectively than amla gel after gingivectomy, while both treatments provide comparable postoperative pain relief. These gels serve as effective adjuncts in improving clinical outcomes following gingival surgery.

Surgical Site Infection Overview; Cross-Sectional Study

2025-07-11T05:07:52+00:00

Background and Objectives: One of the significant complications of the surgery is surgical site infections. The aim of this study was to focus on the prevalence of surgical site infection, demonstrate the commonest encountered bacteria for a proper postoperative antibiotic coverup and identify some key risk factors.

Methodology: a cross-sectional, descriptive study on the cases undergoing surgical procedure was done. The study was conducted during a period of one-year interval from March 2024 until March 2025. A total of 382 cases were included in the study. All cases were assessed properly pre and post operatively with cases suspected to have an infection were sent for culture and sensitivity report.

Results: The mean age of participants was 34.9 ± 17.9 and the mean of duration of Hospitalization for cases was 21.4 ± 27.5 hours. The prevalence of postoperative wound infection was 31/382 cases accounting for 8.1% and 100% culture positive. Relation of SSIs to the duration of operation, type of surgical wound, and emergency degree of operation was statistically significant , P value = 0.044, < 0.001 and 0.013, respectively. While the duration of post-operative hospitalization was not related to the risk of infection, P value = 0.069.

Conclusion: - The commonest responsible bacteria isolated from infection were Staphylococcus spp, Klebsiella spp and Streptococcus spp. Additionally, the risk of infection increased according to the contamination degree of the wound, 1 in every 3 cases of dirty infected wound develop infection and 1/3, of the samples for cases lasting > 120 minutes in operation developed infection.

Review on quantification vitamin B12 in blood

2025-07-11T06:17:27+00:00

Vitamin B12 is one of the micronutrients that are required in the formation of blood cells, the functions of the nervous systems and also the synthesis of DNA. Importantly, Vitamin B12 level in blood should be measured precisely for detecting deficiencies and monitoring therapeutic interventions. Some of the quantification methods that have been discussed in this review paper include chemiluminescent immunoassays, LC-MS/MS and electrochemiluminescence immunoassays alongside their performance in terms of their efficiency, sensitivity, specificity, and feasibility. These evaluations are the primary objective of this review paper as well. Through a thorough analysis of recent studies, the technological innovations and methodological refinements that have enhanced the accuracy and reliability of vitamin B12 measurements are highlighted clearly. By bringing together all the existing research findings and identifying areas that need more investigation, the current review paper is prepared efficiently thereby providing guidance for both future research and clinical practices as well. Notably, the ongoing discussion regarding the improvement of Vitamin B12 measurement methods and its significance in clinical diagnostics is explained well in this review paper by referencing key studies from 2019 to 2024

Reasons For the Dental Implant Failure and Its Complications – A Literature Review

2025-07-11T06:38:41+00:00

Dentists are increasingly integrating artificial intelligence into their practices as technology advances around the world. Dental implant placement is constantly being refined by dentists. In the past few decades, dental and facial implants have evolved from being a hopeful possibility into one of the most rewarding solutions for patients and healthcare professionals. There is a high success rate for implant-supported restorations over the long term. Many clinicians view complications and implant failures as major obstacles to implant treatment, despite their success. While implant therapy has made some improvements, it still relies on biological healing and integration. Implants and complications can result from these intricate biological processes, which can be affected by local or systemic factors. Effectively managing patients with certain risk factors and being ready to handle any difficulties or failures are critical for dental professionals and implant surgeons. The purpose of this article is to examine typical issues related to implant failure, talk about how to handle them, and offer advice to medical professionals regarding implant placement and repair

Challenges And Opportunities In Generic Drug Market Expansion Across Developing Nations

2025-07-11T06:58:04+00:00

The expansion of the generic drug market in developing nations presents a complex interplay of challenges and opportunities that significantly impact healthcare accessibility, affordability, and sustainability. This study examines the multifaceted factors influencing the growth of the generic pharmaceutical industry, focusing on regulatory frameworks, intellectual property rights (IPR), supply chain inefficiencies, infrastructure limitations, and economic instability. Employing a descriptive and exploratory research design, the study analyzes data from secondary sources using correspondence analysis to identify key themes and relationships. The findings reveal that regulatory barriers, such as lengthy approval processes and inconsistent policies, alongside IPR constraints, particularly patent protections and legal disputes, hinder the timely introduction and affordability of generic medicines. Supply chain disruptions, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and economic volatility further compound these challenges, limiting the availability and distribution of generic drugs. However, the study also highlights growth opportunities through government interventions, public-private partnerships, and technological advancements like artificial intelligence and blockchain, which can streamline regulatory processes, improve supply chain efficiency, and enhance drug quality assurance. Additionally, the research underscores the importance of understanding market dynamics, consumer perceptions, and pricing strategies in shaping the acceptance and sustainability of generic medicines. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers, pharmaceutical companies, and healthcare stakeholders in navigating the complexities of the generic drug market, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to promote equitable access to affordable, quality medicines in developing nations.

Thiopentone Sodium Vs Ketofol: A Comparative Study In Electroconvulsive Therapy

2025-07-11T07:19:11+00:00

BACKGROUND & AIM OF STUDY: We aim to compare THIOPENTONE SODIUM (TPS) and KETOFOL (a mixture of KETAMINE+PROPOFOL) as induction agents during ECT regarding their effects on ECT-induced hemodynamic changes, seizure duration and recovery parameters.

METHODS: 60 patients posted for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was allocated 30 each in two groups. Patient was premedicated with inj. glycopyrrolate 10 mcg/kg and induced with inj. Thiopentone sodium 3 mg/kg in Group A and Ketofol (Ketamine 0.5mg/kg + Propofol 0.5mg/kg) in Group B along with depolarizing muscle relaxant, inj. Succinyl choline 1mg/kg. Patient seizure duration, time for recovery, Richmond agitation sedation score, Modified Aldrete score, hemodynamics like heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, SPO2 were recorded at baseline and at 0 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min after induction. Parameters average was calculated and were compared by using chi-square test.

RESULTS: Seizure duration was better in Thiopentone sodium group(A) than Ketofol group(B) which was statistically significant with p=0.001.

Recovery time was better in Group B than Group A which was statistically significant with p=0.02. RASS, MAS were comparably better with Ketofol Group. Hemodynamics such as HR was significantly lesser in 3 min& 5 min with Group B(Ketofol). MAP was significantly lesser during induction& 20^th min for group A(TPS).SPO2 was comparable in both groups. SBP at 0 min was lesser in Group A than Group B which was statistically significant. DBP at 10 min was lesser in group A than Group B which was statistically significant. In other minutes it was comparable between two groups.

CONCLUSION: Thiopentone sodium has significantly showed longer duration of seizure time. Ketofol showed significantly shorter duration of recovery time in patient undergone Electroconvulsive therapy.

Effect Of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate And Lidocaine Infusions On Intraoperative Haemodynamics And Muscle Relaxant Requirement In Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (Fess)

2025-07-11T07:46:47+00:00

Background: FESS requires hypotension to decrease intraoperative bleeding for better visibility and to reduce duration of procedure. Controlled hypotension using agents like magnesium sulphate and lidocaine may improve outcomes. We compare intravenous magnesium sulphate and lidocaine infusion for maintaining intraop hemodynamics and its effect on muscle relaxant requirement and surgical field

AIM: To compare the effectiveness of intravenous magnesium sulphate and lidocaine in achieving controlled hemodynamics and reducing muscle relaxant requirements in patients undergoing FESS.

Methodology: The Institutional Ethics Committee of our college approved this randomized, prospective, double-blinded controlled study. A total of 80 patients scheduled to undergo Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) were randomly allocated into two groups. Group L (n = 40) received intravenous lidocaine with a loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg followed by a maintenance infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/hour. Group M (n = 40) received intravenous magnesium sulfate with a loading dose of 40 mg/kg diluted in 100 mL of normal saline administered over 10 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion of 15 mg/kg/hour. The primary outcomes were intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, specifically heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), measured at 10-minute intervals, and the total muscle relaxant requirement. The secondary outcome was assessment of surgical field clarity, evaluated using the six-point Fromme and Boezaart scale by a surgeon blinded to the study groups.

Results: Magnesium showed statistically significant difference in haemodynamics and surgical field visibility than lidocaine . Magnesium showed significant decrease in muscle relaxant requirement (p – 0.001) than lidocaine

Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate maintained intra op hemodynamics and better surgical field visibility than lidocaine. Magnesium sulfate had a lower muscle relaxant requirement.

Advancement In Oocyte Collection and Preservation

2025-07-11T07:52:43+00:00

Vitrification has become a prevalent and effective technique for cryopreservation in the field of reproductive biology. Recent findings indicate that this method is not only reliable but also serves as a highly efficient means for storing human oocytes at low temperatures. The latest techniques, when paired with the right selection of cryoprotectants, tools, and methods, along with optimized conditions, can achieve nearly 100% morphological survival rates. By standardizing this technique and addressing biosafety concerns while preserving its advantages, vitrification could be integrated into the routine practices of human embryo laboratories. This could provide a viable therapeutic option in various biological and social situations, as well as in addressing common logistical challenges currently encountered. Ovulation induction (OI) is a cornerstone of infertility treatment, particularly for anovulatory women, accounting for a significant proportion of female infertility cases. This review studies the body’s processes that cause ovulation via the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and provides information on common medical drugs used for ovulation induction. Both traditional agents such as Clomiphene Citrate and Letrozole, gonadotropins and hCG are discussed together with newer treatments that include kisspeptin analogs and SERMs. Laser-assisted hatching improved IVF. At Dr. Shobha’s Fertility Center, Muktsar Sahib Punjab conducted the study from July 2024, to December 2024. The study included 80 ICSI-treated infertile couples. Women aged 20-30 and 30-40 were tested utilizing laser exposure. A noncontact RI-SATURN V laser was employed for zona pellucida manipulation. All participants had hormone tests, transvaginal ultrasounds, and hysteroscopy or laparoscopy done during treatment cycle. Fixed and extended ovarian hyperstimulation treatments were used. IVF success rates vary by age, with 30-40 having 83%, 20-30 (84%). The laser exposure hatching had the highest success rate (92%), and the lowest success rate (48%). A significant positive correlation was established between laser exposure and clinical pregnancy outcomes. The study reveals age, especially 30-40, may impair IVF success. Additionally, a laser exposure hatching increases IVF success rates. The recommended laser exposure period for all age groups is 4.5 µs, with younger women recommended at 2 µs and older women at 8 µs. Laser-assisted hatching methods, specifically diode laser exposure periods, were evaluated for in vitro fertilization success. The study evaluated how age influences IVF couples' clinical pregnancy outcomes. The findings optimize laser parameters for assisted reproductive technology

Artificial Intelligence in Teaching -Learning Process: A Study

2025-07-11T08:36:15+00:00

Artificial intelligence has become a main source of discussion in the lives of human beings. It is entering in every sector of life including teaching and learning. It is employed for various purposes considering its nature of working and reliability. AI is giving more innovative and dynamic learning sources. Learners can understand the contents with the help of AI. Content creators can also create content by using AI-based various applications. AI enters education with its dynamic nature of communication, content delivery, and the effectiveness of its utility. Mostly it is used to ease and aid people in their various work. It becomes a part and parcel of the life of humans with its diverse functions. With the help of nanotechnology, AI is used at a micro level that operates and functionalises in any device which makes AI much better technology as compared to other technology. It changes the nature and dimension of education through its applications and persuasive power of learning. So the present research paper studies the emergence of AI in education.

Trauma In Asika Ikechukwu’s Tamara: A Transitivity Analysis

2025-07-11T08:41:26+00:00

This study analyzed trauma in Asika Ikecukwu’s Tamara by employing Halliday’s transitivity. Trauma is real and many individuals/groups of individuals battle with trauma. Traumatic experiences are devastating and could lead to death. Most often, readers of literary works fail to realize the linguistic structures that reveal themes (main ideas) in a novel. This makes the reader to struggle with meaning/message the author wants to pass across to the audience, hence, this study, A Transitivity analysis of trauma in Asike Ikechukwu’s Tamara with view of finding out the various ways traumatic experiences were represented in the novel through the lexico-grammatical choices of the author, to construe meaning. A total of Sixty (60) clauses were purposely extracted from the novel and the excerpts categorized into participants-processes-circumstances. Textual data were analyzed in line with the objectives of the study, research questions and principles of the theoretical framework adopted. The study reveals that the material process type is the dominant process counted as 22, mental 20, relational 13, verbal 3 and behavioral 2. The write’s use of material process and other process types in the text unveils traumatic experiences of Tamara.

Amorphophallus Konjac as a Natural Modulator of Inflammation and Immunity in Cancer Therapy

2025-07-11T08:48:36+00:00

Amorphophallus konjac is a perennial plant whose bioactive component, konjac glucomannan (KGM), has garnered increasing attention due to its broad therapeutic potential. While KGM has been traditionally utilised in East Asian medicine for detoxification and metabolic regulation, recent studies have highlighted its significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This review aims to provide a focused synthesis of current evidence on the role of A. konjac and KGM in modulating immune responses and alleviating inflammation-related disorders. KGM has demonstrated efficacy in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-13, particularly in experimental models of colitis, atopic dermatitis, and skin inflammation. Additionally, KGM contributes to gut immune homeostasis by enhancing the growth of beneficial gut microbiota and promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are key mediators in immune tolerance and mucosal defence. The polysaccharide also supports the activity of T-cells and macrophages, regulating the balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune pathways. Beyond its localised effects, KGM exhibits systemic immunomodulatory benefits, suggesting a role in the prevention or adjunctive treatment of autoimmune and allergic conditions. Moreover, its application in wound healing further demonstrates its anti-inflammatory profile and biocompatibility. Despite its promising benefits, factors such as individual variability in immune responses and potential interactions with pharmacological agents necessitate further investigation. Future research should emphasise clinical trials to validate its therapeutic efficacy, dosage optimisation, and potential as a functional food or nutraceutical. In conclusion, A. konjac and its active compound, KGM, represent a compelling plant-based strategy for managing inflammation and supporting immune health through multifaceted mechanisms rooted in gut-immune interactions

Enhancing the Learning of Body Systems through ClassPoint - Assisted Interactive Instruction

2025-07-11T08:53:50+00:00

This study, which assessed the effectiveness of ClassPoint-assisted interactive learning in improving students' performance and engagement level, has significant practical implications. The study utilized the ClassPoint application to teach learning body systems to Grade 10 students at Toledo City Science High School during the 2024-2025 school year. A quasi-experimental research design was employed, involving 40 respondents. An adapted questionnaire from Abellera (2020), Calma (2020), and Tamayo (2020) was utilized for the pretest and posttest to evaluate students' knowledge of the specified learning competencies in Science 10. Additionally, a survey questionnaire measuring students' engagement levels was adapted from Bong and Chatterjee (2021). The findings indicate that the control and experimental groups performed poorly on the pretest, showing a significant difference in two of the three assessed learning competencies. With the experimental group scoring better, this study found a significant difference in posttest performance between the two respondent groups. These results underline how well ClassPoint-assisted interactive learning increases student knowledge and involvement in science education.

The findings showed that students had a reasonable opinion of Classpoint, which helped them to be very engaged. More interactive teaching tools should be included in the educational process to promote even more interesting learning opportunities.

Optimizing Functional Outcomes: An Analysisof Physiotherapy Protocols in the Rehabilitation of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

2025-07-11T08:58:51+00:00

Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents unique rehabilitation challenges due to the ongoing development of the child's brain. This systematic review study; evaluates the efficacy of physiotherapeutic interventions in promoting recovery post-TBI in children, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and specialised care. Utilizing the PICO framework, we analyzed 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Findings suggest that early, tailored physiotherapy significantly enhances functional outcomes, though variability in intervention protocols highlights the need for standardised treatment guidelines

Lactobacillus as Anti-Biofilm Therapeutics: Formulation and Delivery Challenges in Clinical Translation

2025-07-11T10:59:25+00:00

Background: Biofilm-associated infections contribute to nearly 65% of all microbial infections and are notoriously resistant to conventional antibiotics. The protective extracellular polymeric matrix and metabolic heterogeneity of biofilms make treatment particularly challenging. Lactobacillus species have emerged as promising anti-biofilm agents due to their ability to produce antimicrobial compounds, disrupt biofilm architecture, and enhance host immune responses. However, their clinical application remains limited by significant formulation and delivery barriers. The objective of the review is to critically evaluate the anti-biofilm potential of Lactobacillus, identify the key challenges hindering its clinical translation, and explore technological and regulatory strategies to overcome these limitations.

Methods: This review integrates current literature on the antimicrobial mechanisms of Lactobacillus, assesses the environmental and physiological stressors impacting therapeutic viability, and analyzes recent advances in protective formulation technologies, genetic engineering, and synergistic therapies. The review also examines the regulatory landscape governing Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs).

Results: Lactobacillus exerts multi-modal anti-biofilm effects through the production of organic acids, bacteriocins, biosurfactants, and hydrogen peroxide, alongside competitive exclusion and immunomodulation. However, survival is severely compromised by manufacturing stress, gastric acidity, bile exposure, oxidative damage, and microbiota competition. Technological innovations such as microencapsulation, enteric coatings, biofilm-based delivery platforms, and CRISPR-based strain enhancements significantly improve viability and efficacy. Combination therapies with bacteriophages and matrix-degrading enzymes offer synergistic benefits. Nonetheless, the regulatory framework for LBPs demands extensive characterization, safety assurance, and novel clinical trial designs, presenting additional hurdles.

Conclusion: Lactobacillus-based therapeutics offer a promising solution for biofilm-related infections, but successful clinical translation demands integrated advances in formulation, genetic engineering, regulation, and personalized strategies—driven by interdisciplinary collaboration

Oxidative Stress and Related Consequences in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus

2025-07-11T11:40:11+00:00

Background: An imbalance between biochemical pathways that increase ROS generation and the body's antioxidant defense system causes oxidative stress (OS), a metabolic disorder. It's linked to heart disease, cancer, neurological issues, aging, and respiratory infections.

Objective: This study compared persons with and without complications from type 2 diabetes (T2D) in terms of their total antioxidant capacity and total oxidative stress in the blood.

Methods: The sample consisted of 80 T2D patients, either with or without subsequent complications. Two groups of participants were formed: those with diabetes (Diab) and those with secondary complications (DSC). To extract serum, blood samples were taken. The colorimetric approach was used to assess the serum samples' total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS).SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all data.

Results: Blood glucose and total oxidative stress were considerably (p=0.05) greater in the Diab group than in the DSC group. However, the DSC group's total antioxidant capacity was considerably (p<0.003) lower than the Diab group.Patients with T2D who experienced secondary problems had higher levels of oxidative stress.

Conclusion: The conclusion showed that total oxidative stress was higher and total antioxidant capacity was lower in type 2 diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic individuals; this, in turn, causes the development of difficulties related to the disease

Comparing the Efficacy of Different Sling Materials in the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2025-07-11T11:49:20+00:00

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has a substantial effect on women’s quality of life. Common treatment is surgical intervention, including synthetic mesh and autologous fascial slings, both with advantages and limitations.

Objective: To compare the efficacy, operative outcomes, and patient recovery between synthetic mesh and autologous fascial slings in the surgical management of SUI.

Material and Methods: The study was performed as a randomized controlled trial in Department of Urology Shalamar Hospital Lahore, from January 2023 to June 2024 and consisted of 318 female patients with SUI, randomly assigned to: the Synthetic Mesh group (n = 159) or the Autologous Fascia group (n = 159). The key outcomes were success rates, operative time, length of hospital stay and postoperative pain on the visual analog scale (VAS) at 24 hours. Independent t tests and chi square tests were conducted to determine statistically significant differences from p value ≤ 0.05.

Results: The Synthetic Mesh group showed a significantly higher success rate (93.1%) compared to the Autologous Fascia group (78.0%, p < 0.001). Operative time (49.82 ± 9.91 minutes vs. 88.95 ± 13.22 minutes), hospital stay duration (2.01 ± 0.47 days vs. 4.08 ± 1.06 days), and postoperative pain scores (3.08 ± 0.92 vs. 5.10 ± 1.58, p < 0.001) were significantly better in the Synthetic Mesh group. Subgroup analyses by age, obesity status, and parity consistently favored the synthetic mesh.

Conclusion: Performance of synthetic mesh slings is superior to autologous fascial slings for SUI treatment because of superior efficacy, lower morbidity, and speedier recovery. In selected cases, however, autologous slings remain a valid alternative

From Compression to Diagnosis Identification of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Using Point-Of-Care Ultrasound in the Emergency Department of Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan

2025-07-11T11:56:23+00:00

Background: Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS) presents a diagnostic challenge in emergency settings due to its potentially life-threatening nature and the limitations of traditional imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Objective: This study's goal was to assess point-of-care ultrasound's (POCUS) diagnostic performance in detecting SVCS in the emergency room of a Pakistani tertiary care hospital.

Methodology: This research evaluated 320 patients who presented to the emergency room with suspected SVCS. It was a prospective observational study was out at Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta during May 2023 to June 2024. Clinical assessments, demographic records, and POCUS evaluations for SVCS symptoms were among the data collected. A statistical comparison was performed between POCUS diagnostic metrics and traditional imaging criteria.

Results: This research investigates the effectiveness of POCUS in the diagnosis of SVCS in 320 patients who visit a Pakistani emergency room. According to the results, POCUS has an overall diagnostic accuracy of 73.85%, making it useful in diagnosing SVCS. Furthermore, POCUS's great sensitivity (94.55%) and specificity (60.49%) are shown in comparisons with CT and MRI, with a statistically significant difference validated by a low p-value (< 0.0001). Facial edema (53.75%) and dyspnea (61.56%) are common clinical manifestations. There are further complications mentioned, including venous thrombosis (9.38%) and airway impairment (12.50%). These results highlight POCUS's validity and reliability as an important diagnostic tool for SVCS in emergency situations.

Conclusion: Our study highlights the diagnostic significance of POCUS in detecting SVCS in the ER, supporting its inclusion in routine care guidelines and more investigation to confirm its applicability in other clinical contexts.

Outcomes Of Endoscopic Urethrotomy and Urethroplasty On Uretheral Strictures

2025-07-11T12:01:20+00:00

Background: A small percentage of males get urethral stricture. As a first line of defence, urethrotomy is performed. A little over half of the strictures come back within four years. Repeat urethrotomy or open urethroplasty are two options for further therapy.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to find out how well endoscopic urethrotomy and urethroplasty work for treating uretheral strictures.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included 110 male patients underwent for uretheral stricture. Group I had 55 patients who got urethroplasty, whereas group II had 55 who received endoscopic urethrotomy. All patients in both groups were followed for 4-6 months. Both groups were compared for post-treatment success and complications. All data was analysed with SPSS 24.0.

Results: The mean age of the patients in group I was 47.18±6.53 years and in group II was 50.14±11.78 years.Most common symptoms were dysuria, urinary retention and pollakiuria among both groups. Infection was the most common cause followed by urethral trauma. Membranous urethra strictures were most prevalent. A substantial difference in Q max flowmetry was seen between the two techniques after surgery (p-value <0.05). Postoperative success rate was higher in group I compared to group II (p < 0.004). Group II 11 (20%) had a greater recurrence rate than group I 4 (7.3%).

Conclusion: In this study, we determined that urethroplasty is a safer and more effective procedure than endoscopic urethrotomy. Additionally, urethroplasty results in increased urine flow and an incidence of recurrence that is lower

Prospective Study on the Effectiveness of Transurethral Microwave Therapy in the Management of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

2025-07-11T12:06:28+00:00

Background: Pain and urinary symptoms affecting the prostate and/or other areas of the male reproductive system are symptoms of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

Objective: The safety and acceptability of cooled transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome were examined in this prospective feasibility research.

Methods:There were 76 male patients were presented in this study.Patients who had an NIH-CPSI pain score of 8 or higher and had symptoms that persisted for more than three months prior to treatment were randomly assigned to either cooled TUMT at around 55°C or cooled TUMT at about 70°C intraprostatic temperatures. Outcomes were assessed.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.6±4.17 years with mean weight 71.5±7.28 kg. Mean duration of symptoms was 23.10±8.73 months. After 12 months, the mean NIH-CPSI score showed significant improvements in total score (22.3± 5. vs. 10.3±9.1), pain score (12.3±3.4 vs. 3.7±6.5), quality-of-life impact score (6.9± 2.9 vs.2.7 ± 3.5; all P <0.0002), and urinary score (5.4±1.7 vs.2.0 ± 1.1; P = 0.0077).

Conclusion: For chronic prostatitis that has proven difficult to treat, cooled TUMT provided better outcomes. To better assess the effect on fertility and long-term durability, lengthier follow-up and a bigger experiment are necessary

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy, Ureterolithotripsy and Laparoscopic Uretrolithotomy in Treatment of Large Proximal Ureteral Stone

2025-07-11T12:10:39+00:00

Background: The proximal ureteral stone presents a difficult clinical entity which is an ongoing problem and necessitates the application of optimal treatment strategy in order to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Each of the available modalities, namely Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL), Ureterolithotripsy and Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomy, are efficient and safe with corresponding differences in therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and clinical outcomes of ESWL, Ureterolithotripsy, and Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomy in the treatment of large proximal ureteral stones.

Material and Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted in the Urology Department, Chandka Medical College, Larkana from June 2022 to May 2024. Total 75 patients with large proximal ureteral stones (≥10 mm) were selected for this study. Selected patients were randomized into three groups of 25 each: Ureterolithotripsy, ESWL, Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomy. Clinical parameters, including rate of stone clearance, time to stone clearance, hospital stay, pain score, and residual stones were examined. ANOVA and Chi-square tests determined statistical analysis at p < 0.05.

Results: Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomy achieved the highest stone clearance rate (100%), followed by Ureterolithotripsy (92%) and ESWL (44%) (p < 0.001). The time to stone clearance was shortest in the Laparoscopic group (8.00 ± 3.55 days) and longest in the ESWL group (17.88 ± 7.90 days) (p < 0.001). Pain scores were lowest in the Laparoscopic group (3.16 ± 1.14) and highest in the ESWL group (5.92 ± 1.29) (p < 0.001). Residual stones were significantly more frequent in the ESWL group (56%) compared to Ureterolithotripsy (8%) and Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomy (0%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomy provides better efficacy with stone clearance for large proximal ureteral stones and Ureterolithotripsy is good alternatives, with less complications. However, ESWL is still a noninvasive option for select patients. A patient specific or resource available treatment option should be chosen.

Impact of Preoperative Imaging (MRI) Modalities on Surgical Planning and Outcome in Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis

2025-07-11T12:16:34+00:00

Background: Operative planning for the treatment of localised prostate cancer has evolved in tandem with advancing imaging technologies. Limited research has examined how these modifications affect recovery times after surgery. The purpose of this research was to determine if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed before surgery had any effect on the percentage of positive surgical margins (PSMs).

Methods: This retrospective comprised of 416 patients of prostate cancer. All the patients were admitted for radical prostatectomy. Patients were divided in two groups. Group I (208) received MRI before radical prostatectomy and group II (208) did not receive MRI before surgery. Post-surgery outcomes were assessed and compared among both groups.

Results: We found mean age in group I was 61.32±8.37 years and in group II mean age was 63.14±6.28 years. Mean operative time and blood loss in group I was lower as compared to group II with p <0.003. In both groups PSM was majority occurred at the apex.Both total and prostatic apex PSM were shown to be linked with preoperative MRI status alone, according to multivariate analysis. Postoperative ischemic syndrome was not linked to the surgical strategy, neurovascular bundle sparing method, or perioperative blood loss.

Conclusion: MRI is a great tool for detecting and treating PCa right now. It is possible to lessen total PSM, apical PSM, and blood loss with the use of this imaging technology. Further, urologists in the early phases of RP have showed encouraging results using preoperative MRI in reducing the PSM rate

Paradont Diseases in Employees of The Textile Industry, As Well As Morphological Changes in Teeth

2025-07-12T05:57:58+00:00

It is well-known in the manufacturing industry, particularly across all branches of the textile industry, that various organic and inorganic dye solutions are utilized in painting and finishing workshops. These chemical dyes and solutions act as factors that trigger autoallergenic reactions by denaturing proteins on the mucous membranes of the skin and respiratory tract. According to several authors, the composition of dyes used in dyeing and finishing workshops at textile enterprises predominantly consists of organic compounds. Inspections have revealed that the paint-finishing workshops of textile combines contribute significantly to air pollution, primarily through aerosols of paint particles.

Chemical dyes contain approximately 70 types of the 107 elements listed in the Mendeleev table of chemical elements. These elements are further classified into organic and inorganic compounds. The use of these compounds, in turn, leads to the release of various substances into the environment.

A periodontium is the collective term for the complex of tissues surrounding and supporting a tooth. In periodontal diseases, it is recommended to consider these tissues as a single complex, assessing whether the damage affects one tissue, multiple tissues, or all at once. While evaluating periodontal conditions, we employed methods such as PMA (papillary-marginal-alveolar) and PI (Periodontal Index)

Pregnancy Outcomes Following Cervical Cerclage: A Prospective Observational Study From A Tertiary Care Centre In Tamilnadu

2025-07-12T06:19:01+00:00

Background: Cervical insufficiency is a known contributor to mid-trimester pregnancy losses and preterm births. Cervical cerclage, introduced by Shirodkar and McDonald in the 1950s, remains a primary intervention to prolong gestation in women with structural cervical weakness. The success of cerclage depends on patient selection, timing, and the indication for its placement.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate pregnancy outcomes following cervical cerclage in women presenting with various risk factors and indications. It assessed gestational age at delivery, rates of miscarriage, term and preterm delivery, neonatal birth weight, and Apgar scores.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Government Chengalpattu Medical College and Hospital between February 2023 and January 2024. Fifty pregnant women who underwent cervical cerclage between 12 and 32 weeks of gestation were included. The participants were categorized based on cerclage indication: history-indicated, ultrasound-indicated, and rescue. Outcome measures included delivery timing, neonatal weight, Apgar scores, and associated complications.

Results: Most participants were aged 26–30 years and multiparous. Ultrasound-indicated cerclage was the most common indication (50%), followed by rescue and history-indicated types. Term delivery was achieved in 68% of cases. Higher birth weight and favorable Apgar scores were observed in cases with early and appropriately indicated cerclage. Better outcomes were associated with multiparity, spontaneous conception, absence of comorbidities, and cerclage placement between 14–20 weeks.

Conclusion: Cervical cerclage, particularly when placed electively based on ultrasound or obstetric history, significantly improves pregnancy outcomes. Timely intervention and proper case selection are essential to optimize maternal and neonatal prognosis.

An Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithm in Autonomous Vehicle Navigation System

2025-07-12T06:25:14+00:00

Machine learning (ML) algorithms play a pivotal role in the key functional areas of autonomous vehicle (AV) navigation, including perception, localization, mapping, trajectory prediction, planning, and control. Despite the advancements in sensor technologies such as high-definition cameras, LiDAR, and radar—commonly used for mapping, obstacle detection, and localization—autonomous vehicles still face significant challenges in reliably navigating unfamiliar environments with unpredictable dynamics. These challenges stem from real-world factors such as weather variability, traffic congestion, pedestrian activity, and erratic behaviour of other drivers. Machine learning offers a promising solution to address these complexities. As one of the most rapidly evolving technologies, ML enables autonomous navigation systems to better interpret sensory data, adapt to dynamic surroundings, and make informed driving decisions. In addition to enhancing traffic safety and minimizing human error-related accidents, connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) can also fulfil a wide range of smart functions—from last-mile delivery services to urban surveillance in smart cities. To achieve these benefits, autonomous vehicles must be capable of independently reaching their destinations while cooperating with road infrastructure. Recent advancements in Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems (CVIS) facilitate seamless communication between AVs and elements like traffic lights (TLs), promoting safer and more efficient transportation systems. CVIS allows for the integration of real-time information sharing between infrastructure and vehicles, thus supporting more accurate navigation and situational awareness. This study focuses on evaluating the practicality of two well-known reinforcement learning techniques—Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Deep Q-Network (DQN)—within autonomous navigation systems. The assessment began with training the models in a low-fidelity driving simulator, followed by testing in a high-fidelity traffic simulation environment to replicate more realistic driving conditions. Multiple driving scenarios were considered to evaluate the robustness, adaptability, and performance of each algorithm. Results indicate that both PPO and DQN outperform traditional models, with PPO showing superior performance in maintaining consistent speed, navigating efficiently, and minimizing idle or ineffective movements. In autonomous driving, vehicles must constantly evaluate the state of surrounding objects, whether static or in motion, and adapt their behaviour accordingly. To support this, machine learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) optimized with Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam), and neuro-fuzzy systems fine-tuned through Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), are employed. These methods enable real-time decision-making and smooth control, empowering AVs to respond swiftly and accurately based on learned patterns from extensive training data

Formulation and Evaluation of Asenapine Maleate Loaded Niosomes for the Treatment of Schizophrenia

2025-07-12T07:46:10+00:00

Niosomes are the non-ionic surface-active agent primarily based vesicles. The Key obstacle of Asenapine maleate have oral bioavailability (<2%) and extensive first pass effect. The objective key of the existing work was to formulate. Asenapine maleate loaded niosomes using quality by design and rectify it with some evaluation parameters to increase bioavailability, to lead better therapeutic effect and to minimize the side effects. Formulation of niosomes was done by three methods organic solvent injection method. Factorial design (32) experiments are significantly used to screen and to observe the effect of independent variables cholesterol and span 60 (X1, X2) on dependent variables particle size and entrapment efficiency (Y1, Y2). The results revealed optimized formulation ASP-niosome A2 amongst other formulations which was found lowest particle size 84 ± 5 nm and highest % EE 70 ± 2.0%. In-vitro drug release of optimized noisome was found 68 ± 1.20 % at the end of 8 hr and zeta potential was -17.53mV which stabilized the niosomal suspension. Characterization by SEM not only indicated the spherical shape of the niosomes but also confirmed the formation of vesicle. Locomotor activity was found to be significant in in-vivo pharmacodynamic study. Pharmacokinetic study carried out and it showed Cmax and t1/2 of 16.12ng/mL and 37.18 hr which is better than reported parameters for drug. Thus, concluded that Asenapine maleate loaded niosomes having effective anti-psychotic activity with increased bioavailability could be prepared successfully by organic solvent injection method using span 60 and cholesterol.

Unveiling a Rare Case of Neonatal Terminal Limb Anomalies with Bilateral Toenail Agenesis and Clubfoot: A Potential Variant of Adams-Oliver Syndrome

2025-07-12T08:41:50+00:00

Congenital anomalies involving terminal limb defects and nail hypoplasia are uncommon and may signify an underlying syndromic etiology. We report the case of a term female neonate born with absent great toenails bilaterally, congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), and radiologically absent talus on one side, along with distal phalanx deficiency. Antenatal ultrasound had indicated fetal growth restriction (FGR), two-vessel umbilical cord, and mild irregular bubble. Postnatal clinical examination, radiological evaluation, and pending genetic studies suggest a provisional diagnosis of Adams-Oliver Syndrome (AOS), a rare genetic disorder known for scalp and limb anomalies. The absence of scalp lesions, however, highlights a broader phenotypic variation. This case underlines the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, early imaging, genetic counseling, and the need to consider AOS even in the absence of classical findings.

Histopathological Changes in the Liver of Rats Exposed to Cadmium

2025-07-12T09:42:29+00:00

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely recognized for its detrimental effects on human and animal health. The liver, a primary organ for detoxification, is particularly susceptible to cadmium-induced damage. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in the liver of rats exposed to cadmium. A total of 24 adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control group and three experimental groups exposed to 2.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) for 28 days. Histopathological analysis of liver tissues revealed dose-dependent alterations, including hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Biochemical markers of liver function, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were significantly elevated in cadmium-exposed groups. The findings underscore the hepatotoxic potential of cadmium and provide insights into the mechanisms of cadmium-induced liver injury. This study highlights the need for stringent regulations on cadmium exposure to mitigate its adverse health effects.

Comparative Evaluation Of Pediatric Dentifrices In Remineralizing Simulated Carious Lesions On Enamel: An In Vitro Approach

2025-07-12T09:46:54+00:00

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the remineralizing efficacy of three widely available pediatric dentifrices on artificially created carious lesions in primary teeth using high-resolution SEM-EDXA.

Materials and methods: 30 decay-free primary teeth were demineralized for 96 hours and then cut into 30 sections longitudinally. The sections were randomly designated to three groups, each comprising 10 samples. Group A- Fluoridated dentifrice (KidsBunny), Group B- Non- Non-fluoridated dentifrice (MeeMee), Group C- Herbal dentifrice (MamaEarth). The samples were exposed to a 7-day pH cycle for remineralization and were then analyzed using SEM-EDXA.

Results: The fluoridated dentifrice group showed a statistically significant increase in remineralizing potential. There was a varied difference in the remineralizing potential across all three groups. The herbal dentifrice group showed traces of added elements such as Iodine, Barium, and Silicon after remineralization.

Conclusion: Fluoridated dentifrice (KidsBunny) showed increased remineralizing potential. Herbal dentrifice consisting of various extra elements that can prevent the tooth from acid erosion, oral infections, and aid in strengthening the enamel. Non-fluoridated dentrifice did not show remineralisation potential or elements being added post-remineralisation. Hence, different types of dentifrices can be prescribed to patients based on an individual’s food habits, diet pattern, and caries risk.

Evaluation of Barbaloin and Gallic acid against Ovarian & Breast Cancer Cell-In-Vitro and In-Vivo Studies

2025-07-14T04:53:06+00:00

Aim: Ancient Indian medicine has long employed the xerophytic plant Aloe vera (Family: Liliaceae) to treat several diseases and disorders, including diabetes and cancer, despite the limited scientific validation of these claims. This study aimed to identify and characterize secondary metabolites from the ethanol extract of A. vera leaves and assess their anti-cancer effects. In-vitro cytotoxicity was assessed against human OAW42 (ovarian) and MCF-7 (breast) cancer cell lines, while the in-vivo antitumor efficacy was evaluated using the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumour model in Wistar rat model.

Background: Among two prepared fractions of Aloe vera extraction such as ethyl acetate soluble fraction (EAF) and the chloroform fraction (CF), EAF executed higher potency compared to others and was further utilized to isolate bioactive compounds, Barbaloin (1) and Gallic acid (2), which exhibited significant anti-cancer activity in both in-vitro and in-vivo assays. We further examined the antitumor activity of the ethyl acetate extract and the isolated compounds effectively modulated tumour-associated parameters and restored various hematological indices in EAC tumour-bearing rat.

Objectives: The basic objective of this research work is to describe the significant molecular mechanism of barbaloin and gallic acid against the cancer activity against MCF-7 and OAW42 cancer cell lines in-vitro and in a Wistar rat model in-vivo.

Methods: Barbaloin and gallic acid demonstrated dose-dependent growth inhibition along with the significant IC₅₀values for barbaloin and gallic acid against MCF-7 and OAW42 cell lines. Flow cytometry revealed that both compounds induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Western blot analysis exhibited modulation of apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory proteins. In-vivo studies in Wistar rats with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma demonstrated that barbaloin and gallic acid treatment decreased the significant parameters of cancers compared to controls.

Results: Comparing with barbaloin and gallic acid with their individual effect to the combination of those, the combination of these compounds exhibits promising anti-cancer activities both in the study of in-vitro and in-vivo. Tumor volume is quantified based on the volume of ascitic fluid, the number of viable tumor cells present in that fluid which can be surgically removed from the animal body.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study demonstrates that barbaloin and gallic acid individually possess significant anti-cancer activities individually and in combination against MCF-7 breast cancer and OAW42 ovarian cancer cell lines in-vitro and in a Wistar rat model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in-vivo. The combination of barbaloin and gallic acid significantly decrease the viable cell count and increase the non-viable cell count.

Nurses’ Informatics Competency Assessment, Perceived Usability, And Implementation Of Electronic Health Records In A Tertiary Hospital In Quezon City, Philippines

2025-07-14T05:11:24+00:00

Background: Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have been available for the past few decades; however, the geographical disparity in their procurement and utilization varies greatly across countries, based on their healthcare financing schemes, which are significantly influenced by national budget allocations for health and the level of capitalism. The Philippines, a developing country, houses some of the leading healthcare institutions in Southeast Asia. One of which, the research locale of this study, has just recently acquired its EHR and is undergoing a transition towards its full utility. Aligned with this transition is the need to ensure that nurses, as one of the primary end-users of this newly acquired technology, are proficient in its use. It is based on the increasing necessity for digitizing healthcare in the Philippines, particularly with the move towards universal healthcare and the necessity for effective, technology-based patient management. Hence, arriving at the main objective of this study, which is to examine the role of nurses' informatics competence and perceived ease of use of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in successful implementation in healthcare environments. The selected hospital location is a model of best practices for the utilization of EHRs, providing an appropriate setting for consideration of how technology tools affect the quality of care.

The research highlights three interconnected areas: nurses’ informatics competency, the perceived usability of EHR systems, and the effectiveness of EHR implementation on patient care outcomes. Competency in informatics ensures accurate documentation and data use, while usability influences whether nurses can efficiently and confidently navigate EHRs. Successful implementation relies not only on technology itself but also on training, infrastructure, and organizational support. Ultimately, the study highlights the need to enhance nurses' skills, improve system usability, and facilitate implementation for maximizing patient outcomes and maintaining digital healthcare transformation.

Methods: In this study, the researcher used a quantitative approach to understand how nurses' informatics skills and their experience using Electronic Health Records (EHRs) impact patient care. To do this, they used correlation methods (like Pearson’s r, Spearman’s rho, and Kendall’s Tau-B) to explore how strongly these factors are connected. They also applied regression analysis to see if better informatics skills and perceived EHR usability could predict better patient outcomes. Finally, a mediation analysis helped show that when nurses find EHR systems easier to use, their informatics skills have an even stronger effect on the quality of care, making usability an important link between skill and performance.

Result: This study explored how nurses’ informatics competency and the perceived usability of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) jointly influence patient healthcare outcomes. Results across correlation, regression, and mediation analyses consistently showed that both factors significantly and positively affect care effectiveness. Informatics competency was strongly correlated with better outcomes (r = 0.682), while EHR usability showed an even stronger relationship (r = 0.787). Regression analysis revealed that informatics skills explained 46.6% of outcome variance, and usability explained 62%. Mediation analysis confirmed that perceived usability serves as a key bridge between competency and performance, with a stronger indirect effect (β = 0.429) than the direct one (β = 0.253). Overall, the study emphasizes that improving both nurses’ digital skills and the usability of EHR systems is essential for enhancing patient outcomes.

Conclusion: This study concludes that both nurses’ informatics competency and the perceived usability of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) significantly improve patient healthcare outcomes. Informatics skills enhance how nurses perceive EHR systems, which in turn leads to better clinical performance and care quality. The mediation analysis highlights usability as a crucial link between technical skills and patient outcomes. Therefore, improving both informatics training and EHR design is essential for delivering safer, more efficient, and patient-centered care

Hospital Management and Rehabilitation Medicine Integration: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions

2025-07-14T05:30:01+00:00

Increasing importance of hospital management rehabilitation medicine integration in offering holistic and patient center care. In this review paper, we review the complex relationship between administrative systems and rehabilitative services and how improving the interaction between these two systems can provide better treatment outcomes for patients, maximization of operational efficiency, and, ultimately, care continuity. The challenges highlighted by the study included limited resources, fragmented care models, absence of interdepartmental coordination, and inequity in access to rehabilitation services. This also underscores new opportunities that are arising—adoption of digital health technologies, promoting value-based care approaches, interdisciplinary teamwork, and policy changes that are conducive to integrative care practice. Based on a contemporary synthesis of the literature, case examples and international best practices, the paper provides a framework for a way forward in aligning hospital-based administration with rehabilitation approaches – including integrated care pathways, rehabilitation-led hospital processes and multi-professional training programmes. The results imply that innovation, cooperation, and a systems-thinking-wide approach is imperative for improvement at both the hospital and the individual patient rehabilitation levels as the healthcare landscape continues to evolve.

Determine Frequency of Adverse Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Adolescent Pregnancy

2025-07-14T05:50:36+00:00

Background: Adolescent pregnancies are associated with significant maternal and fetal risks due to physiological immaturity, limited antenatal care, and socioeconomic challenges. This study explores maternal and fetal complications in adolescent pregnancies, highlighting the influence of maternal age and gestational period.

Objective: To determine the frequency of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in adolescent pregnancies and assess the association of these outcomes with maternal age and gestational period.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Rai Medical College Sargodha, on 378 adolescent pregnant females aged 15-19 years. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and medical records. Maternal outcomes assessed included anemia, PIH, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and preterm labor, while fetal outcomes included low birth weight, stillbirth, early neonatal death, and NICU admission. Participants were grouped by age (15-17 and 18-19 years) and gestational period (preterm <37 weeks and full-term 37-40 weeks).

Results: The mean age and mean gestational age was 17.01 ± 1.42 years and 34.05 ± 3.77 weeks, respectively. Anemia was the most common complication (57.4%), followed by PIH (32.5%) and preterm labor (16.9%). For fetal outcomes, 34.7% of neonates had low birth weight, with NICU admissions in 7.1% of cases. Age groups showed no significant difference in outcome frequencies. However, preterm birth was significantly associated with NICU admissions (p=0.006).

Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancies are associated with high maternal and fetal risks, particularly anemia, preterm labor, and low birth weight. Enhanced prenatal care is essential to mitigate these risks in this vulnerable population

Predictors of Outcome in Management of Head Trauma: A Retrospective Study

2025-07-14T05:56:57+00:00

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Identifying predictors of outcomes is essential to improve management strategies and patient prognosis.

Objective: To assess clinical and radiological predictors of outcomes in patients with head trauma admitted to Mardan Medical Complex, Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan.

Material and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at Mardan Medical Complex, Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan, over twelve months, from January to December 2023. A total of 354 patients admitted with head trauma were included. Patient data, including demographics, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission, mechanism of injury, CT findings, timing of intervention, and type of management, were collected. Outcomes were categorized as favorable (good recovery, moderate disability) or unfavorable (severe disability, vegetative state, death) using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing chi-square tests to assess associations. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean age of patients was 49.45 ± 18.64 years. Favorable outcomes were observed in 244 (68.9%) patients, while 110 (31.1%) had unfavorable outcomes. Patients with mild GCS had favorable outcomes in 69.1% of cases, while severe GCS cases had favorable outcomes in 79.1%. Early intervention resulted in favorable outcomes in 70.8% of cases, compared to 63.8% for delayed interventions. None of the predictors demonstrated statistically significant associations with outcomes.

Conclusion: Although no statistically significant associations were observed, trends in GCS scores, CT findings, timing of intervention, and type of management highlight their potential roles in influencing outcomes. Further research is needed to validate these findings and enhance prognostic accuracy.

The Role of Electronic Health Records (Ehr) In Reducing Healthcare Costs and Improving Patient Outcomes. A Systematic Review

2025-07-14T06:03:33+00:00

Background: Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems have become integral to modern healthcare, playing a significant role in enhancing healthcare delivery, reducing costs, and improving patient outcomes. The increasing adoption of EHR systems across various healthcare settings provides an opportunity to evaluate their effectiveness and potential challenges.

Objective: This study aims to systematically review the role of Electronic Health Records (EHR) in reducing healthcare costs and improving patient outcomes. The focus is on synthesizing evidence from peer-reviewed studies to understand the benefits, challenges, and overall effectiveness of EHR in healthcare management.

Methodology: A systematic review approach was employed to identify relevant studies published between 2019 and the present. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and others. The studies included in the review were evaluated using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted using a standardized process. The quality of each study was assessed using appropriate assessment tools, including AMSTAR, Cochrane Risk of Bias, and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results: The review revealed that EHR systems have a positive impact on reducing healthcare costs by improving efficiency, reducing administrative burdens, and minimizing errors. Additionally, EHRs contribute to enhanced patient outcomes through better care coordination, reduced medication errors, and improved clinical decision-making. However, barriers such as high system costs, lack of training, and resistance to change were identified as challenges to the widespread adoption of EHR systems.

Conclusion: EHR systems play a crucial role in improving healthcare efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing patient care. Despite the identified barriers, the evidence supports the continued adoption and improvement of EHR systems. Future research should focus on addressing the challenges associated with EHR implementation and further exploring its potential to optimize healthcare delivery across diverse settings

AI-Driven Medical Diagnosis and Patient Data Privacy: A Legal Analysis under GDPR and Medical Ethics

2025-07-14T06:29:13+00:00

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and healthcare has ushered in a transformative era in medical diagnostics, offering unprecedented precision, speed, and efficiency. From identifying early-stage cancers through radiological imaging to predicting genetic disorders and personalizing treatment plans, AI is fundamentally reshaping modern medicine. However, this technological leap comes with a parallel rise in legal and ethical complexities, particularly concerning patient data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and informed consent.This paper undertakes a multidimensional legal and ethical analysis of AI-driven medical diagnostics, with a special focus on data governance under the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the enduring principles of medical ethics. It explores how core GDPR mandates including data minimization, purpose limitation, the right to explanation, and the right to erasure interact, and often conflict, with the operational realities of AI systems that function as data-intensive, opaque “black boxes.” The paper further investigates Article 22 of the GDPR, which limits fully automated decision-making, and examines the growing tension between legal mandates and algorithmic logic.Beyond regulatory scrutiny, the paper delves into ethical concerns such as loss of patient autonomy, the weakening of meaningful informed consent, and the risk of algorithmic bias leading to systemic discrimination particularly for underrepresented or vulnerable populations. Through case studies from jurisdictions like the UK (e.g., DeepMind-NHS controversy), the US (racial bias in AI triage systems), and India (challenges under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023), the study provides a comparative analysis of how various health systems are grappling with these issues.In bridging the legal and ethical dimensions, this research contributes original policy insights and practical recommendations aimed at strengthening accountability, ensuring fairness, and promoting transparency in AI-enabled healthcare. It advocates for regulatory modernization, mandatory algorithmic audits, explainable AI protocols, and patient-centric system design. The paper ultimately argues that while AI holds revolutionary promise in diagnostics, its deployment must be tempered by strong legal safeguards and ethical foresight to ensure that technological advancement does not come at the cost of patient rights, equity, or dignity

Deep Learning Approaches in Video Compression and Transmission Efficiency

2025-07-14T07:01:44+00:00

In recent years, video files have significantly increased in size, posing challenges for storage and transmission. One effective solution has been to reduce the length of videos. In this study, we introduce Deep Bi VC, a dual-branch framework designed to improve video compression. The model was developed to address these challenges through two distinct compression strategies. Initially, video sequences were pre-processed by segmenting them into groups of five consecutive frames to enable efficient processing. For the first stage, we implemented an Invertible Neural Network (INN) to develop an image compression module. This component focuses on compressing the first and last frames of each group. Subsequently, a video compression module was developed, utilizing motion prediction techniques to interpolate the intermediate frames between key frames. Experimental evaluations using PSNR and MS-SSIM metrics demonstrated that Deep Bi VC outperformed several state-of-the-art methods. On the VUG dataset, the model achieved a PSNR of 37.16 and an MS-SSIM of 0.98 at 3.2 bits per pixel, indicating superior compression performance.

Combination of the Adaptive Front Light System and Matrix Headlight System

2025-07-14T07:07:27+00:00

Driving at night, especially on curved roads, presents substantial safety challenges due to the limitations of traditional headlight systems. Poor illumination compromises driver visibility, increasing the likelihood of accidents. This study explores the integration of two innovative technologies—the Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS) and the Matrix Headlight System—to address these issues and enhance nighttime driving safety.

The AFS employs real-time sensor data to adjust the headlamp direction dynamically, ensuring optimal illumination on curves and critical areas. Simultaneously, the Matrix Headlight System uses advanced control over individual light segments to deliver precise light distribution while mitigating glare for oncoming vehicles. Together, these technologies form a cohesive and intelligent lighting solution that adapts responsively to diverse road conditions and driving scenarios.

By overcoming the inherent shortcomings of conventional lighting systems, this integrated approach significantly improves visibility and comfort during nighttime driving, particularly on complex and challenging roadways. Ultimately, this advancement aspires to lower the prevalence of night-time traffic accidents, fostering safer and more efficient driving environments worldwide.

Security Threat Prediction in WSNs Using Stacked Machine Learning Technique

2025-07-14T07:13:58+00:00

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become vital for diverse applications such as military monitoring, healthcare, and urban traffic analysis. However, challenges like limited battery power, overlapping coverage, and energy dissipation hinder their performance and security. Traditional intrusion detection methods, including rule-based and cryptographic approaches, often struggle with adaptability or computational overhead in resource-constrained WSNs. Deep learning models, while effective, are typically too heavy for real-time deployment. To overcome these issues, this study proposes a stacked ensemble machine learning framework combining Decision Trees, Random Forest, XGBoost, and SVM classifiers. This approach leverages the strengths of multiple models via a meta-classifier to improve threat prediction accuracy, adaptability, and energy efficiency. Evaluated on standard WSN intrusion detection datasets, the framework achieves over 99.7% accuracy with high F1-scores and ROC-AUC, demonstrating superior detection of attacks like Blackhole, Flooding, Grayhole, and TDMA. The results highlight the method’s potential for scalable, lightweight, and robust real-time WSN security applications

PP-ZKP: Blockchain-based e-voting system using privacy preserving smart contracts and Zero-Knowledge Proofs

2025-07-14T07:25:59+00:00

This paper proposes a novel blockchain-based e-voting framework that integrates a permissioned blockchain architecture with privacy-preserving smart contracts using zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) to ensure voter anonymity without compromising verifiability. Unlike previous systems, our design includes a lightweight consensus mechanism optimized for high-throughput voting scenarios, addressing the scalability bottleneck commonly found in blockchain applications. We introduce a hybrid on-chain/off-chain verification model that minimizes gas costs while maintaining transparency and auditability. Experimental evaluations using simulated national election datasets demonstrate that our framework achieves a 30% reduction in computational overhead and 50% faster finality compared to existing blockchain-based voting protocols. This work advances the state of e-voting by providing a secure, scalable, and cost-effective solution tailored for modern democratic processes.

Multivariate Insight into Seasonal Hydrogeochemical Dynamics of the Thrissur–Ponnani Kole Wetlands, Central Kerala

2025-07-14T07:32:00+00:00

Groundwater in Kerala’s Thrissur–Ponnani Kole wetlands is increasingly threatened by seawater intrusion, agrochemical loading, and untreated effluents. To diagnose these pressures, we sampled 70 shallow wells during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons (2022–2023) and measured 13 physico-chemical parameters. Multivariate analyses—Pearson correlation, hierarchical clustering, factor analysis, and principal component analysis—were applied to 2,730 observations. Electrical conductivity, salinity, and total dissolved solids exhibited a strong inter-correlation (r > 0.90), signalling chronic marine ingress. Six principal components accounted for 91.9 % of total variance: PC1 captured saline and domestic inputs, PC2 reflected carbonate weathering, and PC3 highlighted fertiliser-derived nutrients. Seasonal clustering revealed evaporative concentration and nutrient enrichment pre-monsoon, rainfall-driven dilution during monsoon, and partial salinity rebound post-monsoon. Seawater intrusion and agricultural leachate thus emerge as the dominant, seasonally modulated threats to the aquifer. We recommend a tiered monitoring framework—combining seasonal pumping controls with nutrient-management zones—to safeguard this critical coastal groundwater resource

Analytical Method Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Escitalopram in Bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form

2025-07-14T09:18:12+00:00

Objective: To develop and validate the RP-HPLC method for the estimation of an antidepressant drug Escitalopram

Methods: A Phenomenex C-18, 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm, and a mobile phase made of 0.05% OPA in water: methanol (40:60 v/v) were used for the chromatographic separation. The detection was performed at 238 nm using a 20 μl injection and a flow rate of 1 ml/min. According to ICH Q2 (R1) requirements, the method was validated using a variety of factors, including linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness.

Results: The retention time was observed at 2.70 min. The method was found to be linear with a correlation coefficient (r²) of 0.9997.

Conclusion: This approach was proven to be quick, easy, cost-effective, and run time-efficient.The validated parameters manifest that the method is reliable, linear, accurate, and precise, as well as robust with minor variations in chromatographic parameters

Analytical Method Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Imeglimin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2025-07-14T09:22:41+00:00

A new technique for evaluating the oral antidiabetic medication Imiglimin hydrochloride has been created and verified using High-Performance Layer Chromatography (HPLC) for both tablet and bulk forms. Acetone is used as a mobile phase in the procedure. Formic acid, toluene, and methanol in particular ratios. Drug absorbance is substantial at 240 nm, where chromatographic separation was accomplished on silica gel TLC plates using densitometry scanning. The findings of the validation, which adhered to ICH Q2R1 recommendations, were good in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision (both intra- and inter-day) and robustness. The new class of oral antidiabetic drugs known as "glimins," which contain tetrahydrotriazine, is called Imeglimin hydrochloride (IMEG. HCL) and is used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is the first of its kind to be approved as an anti-diabetic medication. In addition to improving muscle glucose uptake and restoring regular insulin secretion, it is an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation1. Using a Hypersil ODS C18 (150 x 4.6mm 5µ) Column and an isocratic mobile phase of Buffer pH 3.5 and Methanol (80:20)) pH6.0, a reverse phase HPLC technique was created and verified for the quantitative measurement of Imeglimin hydrochloride at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The procedure complied with ICH recommendations Q2 (R1) for validation. and was discovered to be robust, precise, accurate, and specific. It may be used effectively for routine analysis of Imeglimin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms as well as in bulk.

Analytical Method Development And Validation Of Rp-Hplc Method For Estimation Of Safinamide In Bulk And Pharmaceutical Dosage Form.

2025-07-14T09:27:20+00:00

Background: A rapid, highly sensitive, high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed to determine safinamide in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation was performed using an HPLC method with a UV Openlab EZ Chrome workstation program, as well as a Kromasil 100 C18 (125 mm X 4.0 mm i.d.) 5 µm. 0.2 % OPA and methanol (65:35 v/v) were pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detected at 226 nm.

Result: The developed RP-HPLC method yielded a suitable retention time for safinamide of about 3.7 minutes, which was optimized on a trial-and-error basis. The linear response correlation coefficient (r² = 1.0000) was observed in the range of 20- 60µg/ml. The percentage RSD for the method's precision was found to be less than 2.0 percent. Validation parameters such as specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision, and robustness were also determined.

Conclusion: The developed and validated RP-HPLC system can be used in the industry for routine quality control/analysis of bulk drug and marketed safinamide products..

Enhanced Formulation Development and Characterization of Rapid-Release Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug through Mixed Solvency Approach

2025-07-14T09:35:48+00:00

The formulation development and characterization of rapid-release non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) via a mixed solvency approach represent a significant advancement in pharmaceutical science. This study investigates the utilization of mixed solvency concepts to enhance the solubility and dissolution rates of NSAIDs, thereby facilitating their rapid release. Through systematic optimization of formulation parameters, including solvent selection, co-solvency ratios, and surfactant concentrations, novel NSAID formulations with improved drug delivery profiles were developed. The characterized formulations were subjected to rigorous physicochemical analyses and in vitro dissolution studies to evaluate their performance. The results underscore the efficacy of the mixed solvency approach in achieving enhanced formulation development and rapid-release characteristics for NSAID drugs. By leveraging the synergistic effects of multiple solvents and surfactants, this approach offers a versatile and efficient strategy for overcoming drug solubility challenges and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This research contributes to the advancement of pharmaceutical formulation science and holds promise for improving the efficacy and patient compliance of NSAID medications.

Parental Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Oral Health in Children Under 6 Years of Age

2025-07-14T09:44:45+00:00

Background: Early childhood caries is a prevalent chronic condition among young children, heavily influenced by parental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Assessing these factors is vital for designing effective preventive strategies in primary dental care.

Objectives: To evaluate parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to oral health in children under 6 years of age and to analyze the interrelationships among these domains.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2025 at a tertiary care hospital in India. One hundred and fifty parents of children aged 6 months to 6 years were enrolled consecutively from the pediatric outpatient department. A prevalidated 25-item questionnaire assessed knowledge (10 items; score 0–10, adequate ≥7), attitude (8 statements on a 5-point Likert scale; score 8–40, positive ≥32), and practices (7 questions on hygiene and dietary habits). Scores were summarized as mean ± SD or percentages. Pearson’s correlation tested associations between KAP domains. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results: Participants had a mean age of 29.8 ± 5.4 years; 72% were mothers. The mean knowledge score was 7.1 ± 1.8, with 68% achieving adequate knowledge. The mean attitude score was 34.2 ± 3.6, and 74% exhibited a positive attitude toward preventive oral care. Practice assessment revealed that 81% assisted their child with toothbrushing twice daily, while only 28% had arranged a dental visit by age 2. The mean practice index was 5.2 ± 1.1. Knowledge correlated positively with practice (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) and attitude (r = 0.42, p < 0.001); attitude also correlated with practice (r = 0.29, p = 0.002).

Conclusion:While most parents demonstrated moderate knowledge and positive attitudes toward their children’s oral health, gaps remain in early professional dental care and consistent hygiene practices. Targeted educational interventions are recommended to bridge these gaps and promote optimal oral health behaviors

RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Doxofylline and Montelukast in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2025-07-14T10:18:48+00:00

A simple, precise, accurate, and robust reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Doxofylline and Montelukast in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms. The primary objective was to establish a stability-indicating method capable of separating the active pharmaceutical ingredients from their degradation products under various stress conditions. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Discovery C18 column (250mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.01 potassium dihydrogen phosphate (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and detection at 240 nm. The methodwas validated as per ICH Q2(R1) guidelines and demonstrated excellent linearity (R² =0.999) in the concentration ranges of 40–240 µg/mL for Doxofylline and 1–6 µg/mL for
Montelukast. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.26 and 3.81 µg/mL for Doxofylline and 0.01 and 0.02 µg/mL for Montelukast, respectively. Precision, accuracy, and robustness studies confirmed the method’s reliability. Forced degradation studies under acid, alkali,oxidative, thermal, photolytic, and neutral conditions showed no interference at the analyteretention times, confirming the method’s stability-indicating capability. The validated method is suitable for routine quality control and stability testing of combined Doxofylline and Montelukast formulations in the pharmaceutical industry.

Comparative Evaluation of Space Closure Using Different Elastomeric Modules During Sliding Mechanics: An In Vivo Study

2025-07-15T05:08:17+00:00

N\A

A Data-Driven Ensemble Learning Model For Heart Disease Prediction Using Feature Representation And Classification

2025-07-15T06:01:19+00:00

Heart disease is one of the most common causes of death in the general population. The prognosis of patients with heart conditions is greatly impacted by early detection. Several recognized factors can contribute to life-threatening cardiac problems, such as Age, sex, heart rate, cholesterol, and sugar. However, an expert may find it challenging to assess each patient while considering these factors due to the large number of variables. The work suggest assessing patients' risk of cardiovascular disease by combining Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) with feature augmentation techniques to form an ensemble model. The DenseNet, Gated Network Model (GNM) and Multi-Layer Perceptron’s (MLP) are combined to form the ensemble model. The results of the proposed methods demonstrate a significant improvement, particularly for a condition that impacts a large population, surpassing previous methods by 4.4% and achieving a 95.89% accuracy rate

A Descriptive Correlational Study to Assess the Level and Physical Effects of Nomophobia Among College Students in Selected Colleges, Madurai

2025-07-15T06:10:05+00:00

Technology has become a part and part of our life in recent years especially the smartphone, which has become handy and attractive as stated, technology is a boon but sometimes a curse, still a concealed fact. Nomophobia is a psychological condition were individual has a fear of getting disconnected from smartphone. This study is aimed to discover the nomophobia level among college students and its physical effects and also addresses the correlate between the level of nomophobia and its physical effects among college students. A descriptive correlation analysis was performed with a sample size of 103 nursing and diploma students selected by a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using the Nomophobia Questionnaire and the Self-Structured Physical Effects Scale. The study findings discovered that 15 (14.6%) college students had a severe level of nomophobia, 55 (53.4%) had a moderate level of nomophobia, 31 (30.1%) had a mild level of nomophobia 2 (1.9%) had no nomophobia. Smartphones in turn cause considerable physical effects out of which pain, sleep Disturbance and insomnia contribute the highest percentage of 32 and 31% respectively. From this I conclude that , nomophobia is an emerging problem of concern among the younger generation the current study has shed light on the after effects of smartphone usage as the internet has popped up.

Association Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Cholelithiasis in A Tertiary Care Centre – Chengalpattu District

2025-07-15T09:56:31+00:00

Objectives: Cholelithiasis is becoming more prevalent in developing countries like India with huge financial burden and it has many risk factors, such as age, sex, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity. It is characterized by the formation of gallstones in the hepatic bile duct, common bile duct, or gallbladder. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and to establish the association between diabetes and gallstone disease.

Materials & Methods: This retrospective study using descriptive cross-sectional design, enrolled patients with gallstones attending Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu District. All patients with cholelithiasis from ultrasound abdomen were enrolled in this study

Results: 113 subjects were selected through consecutive sampling, wherein 65.5% were female and 34.5% were male with 77.9% aged more than 40 years. The majority had obesity grade II with mean BMI 26.5 kg/m2 for males and 27.4 kg/m2 for females. Dyslipidaemia was found in 85 subjects with proportion of high total cholesterol was 84.5%, high LDL 90.9%, high triglycerides 73.3%, and low HDL 56.2%. DM was found in 65(57.5%) subjects. Female and age > 40 years had more proportion in cholelithiasis patients namely 77.9 %.

Conclusion:

In this study, we concluded that there is a higher prevalence of T2DM in cholelithiasis patients, and hence there is an association between cholelithiasis and T2DM. This study also reiterated the association between obesity and gallstone disease(GD). Female sex and advancing age also contribute to the formation of cholelithiasis. Patients with obesity grade II, high LDL and high PPBS should be considered at risk for cholelithiasis

Clinical Profiles of Lateral Medullary Syndromes in a Tertiary Care Center in Chengalpattu District

2025-07-15T10:46:07+00:00

Objectives: To describe the clinical presentation, risk factor profile, imaging findings, and outcome in patients diagnosed with Lateral Medullary Syndrome (LMS) in a tertiary care center – Chengalpattu district.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 11 patients diagnosed with LMS presented to General Medicine OPD in Karpaga Vinayaga Institute Of Medical Sciences, Chengalpattu district between January 2023 and January 2025. All patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation, neuroimaging (MRI with MRA), and assessment of vascular risk factors.

Results: Out of 11 patients, 9 were male and 2 were female, with a mean age of 56.3 years. The most common risk factor was diabetes mellitus for 7 patients followed by dyslipidemia for 6 patients and hypertension for 5 patients. All patients presented with limb ataxia and vertigo. Other common findings included nausea and vomiting for 9 patients, dysphagia for 5 patients, hoarseness of voice for 4 patients, hiccups for 4 patients and Horner's syndrome for 6 patients. MRI confirmed dorsolateral medullary infarction in all cases. MRA revealed vertebral artery involvement for 5 patients and Posterior inferior cerebellar artery for 6 patients.

Conclusion: LMS in our cohort predominantly affected older males and was strongly associated with vascular risk factors such as diabetes and dyslipidemia. Ipsilateral limb ataxia and vertigo were consistent findings. Imaging plays a vital role in diagnosis and identifying underlying vascular pathology

Review On Vitrification and Conventional Freezing Method in Sperm Collection, Freezing and Cryopreservation

2025-07-15T11:46:41+00:00

The storage of sample sperm through freezing serves as a starting method for both animal breeding and reproductive medicine since it creates access to preserved specimens at any time. This review compares two primary sperm cryopreservation methods: conventional freezing and vitrification. The freezing technique together with its slow programmable freezing (SPF) variant preserves sperm quality by permitting cells to decrease internal ice crystals through extended temperature adjustments taking 2–4 hours despite possible cellular damage. Sperm cells retain top quality when vitrification works due to its fast-freezing method that stops ice crystals from developing. High success rates during post-thaw tests and DNA protection along with reduced oxidative damage are achieved through vitrification by maintaining exact control over cryoprotectant use and cooling speed regulations yet technical requirements and elevated costs emerge as major obstacles. The ART clinics use conventional freezing for storage because it remains the cost-efficient option that allows easy specimen access yet it causes motility reduction in comparison with vitrification. The combination of standard freezing techniques with vitrification has become essential because existing protocols work well in freezing but vitrification leads to superior ART outcomes. The development of both vitrification method protocols and cryoprotectant-free freezing techniques along with genetic modification methods is necessary to boost sperm storage capabilities.

Advancements to treat various types of Male and Female Infertility

2025-07-15T11:59:35+00:00

Male infertility is a growing concern that affects approximately 15% of couples worldwide, with male factors contributing to nearly half of these cases. Recent studies have highlighted a significant relationship between obesity and male reproductive health, suggesting that excess body weight may negatively impact fertility through various biological mechanisms. Obesity is characterized by an increased accumulation of adipose tissue, which alters hormonal balance, particularly affecting testosterone levels and leading to metabolic dysfunction. Research indicates that obesity can lead to a state of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which can impair spermatogenesis and reduce sperm quality. Additionally, elevated body mass index (BMI) has been associated with lower sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. The mechanism behind these effects may include hormonal alternations, such as increased estrogen levels due to aromatization of testosterone in adipose tissue, as well as the detrimental impact of obesity –related comorbidities, including insulin resistance and diabetes. Endometriosis is a common estrogen-related disease in women of reproductive age, usually associated with chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and psychological distress, i.e., anxiety and depression. The condition is defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma implanted outside the uterine cavity, most typically found in the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Pathophysiological processes include endocrine disturbances, immune derangement, and oxidative stress. Endometrial cells also secrete cytokines like MCP-1 and IL-6, which interfere with normal follicular development and luteal function. Sterility occurs in 30–50% of patients with endometriosis, creating management dilemmas and causing decreased quality of life. Diagnosis is largely dependent on non-invasive imaging studies, while therapy encompasses hormonal treatment, lifestyle changes, and ART like IVF. Surgical procedures have limited efficacy for established cases, and recurrence is frequent. New strategies such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and nanotechnology-based therapies hold great promise by treating lesions noninvasively and combating oxidative stress. Ethical dimensions of the treatment of endometriosis involve respecting patient autonomy, informed consent, and fair access to treatments. A multidisciplinary patient-centered model is necessary to maximize outcomes in endometriosis-associated infertility.

Hybrid NiO–Bi(III) Schiff Base Complexes: Spectroscopic Insight into Protein Binding and Enhanced Antibacterial Activity

2025-07-15T12:10:14+00:00

This study shows the successful creation of new hybrid nanomaterials by combining Bi(III) Schiff base complexes from nitro-Salen ligands with NiO nanoparticles. Spectroscopic techniques like FT-IR and UV-Vis confirmed strong coordination and improved optical properties, including a reduced band gap of 2.12 eV. XRD and FE-SEM analyses displayed porous, nanoscale structures with clear shapes. These hybrids showed strong interactions with serum proteins BSA, which was evident through fluorescence quenching and molecular docking, with a binding energy of –8.1 kcal/mol. Notably, the antibacterial activity of the hybrids increased significantly, especially when combined with Ampicillin. Overall, these results emphasize the potential of these multifunctional materials in biomedical uses like biosensing, targeted drug delivery, and antimicrobial treatments.

Formulation and Evaluation of Azelnidipine Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

2025-07-16T05:48:27+00:00

Introduction: Azelnidipine is a third-generation, long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure. The aim of the study was to prepare Azelnidipine solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) to improve the solubility and bioavailability.

Methods: Six SLN formulations F1-F6of Azelnidipine were developed using three different lipids - Trimyristin, Tripalmitin and Tristearin at varying concentrations by the hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication method. All the formulations were characterized for their particle size (Ps), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE), assay and drug release. The stability study test was conducted on optimized formulation at room temperature and refrigerated conditions for 3 months.

Results: The particle sizes of the formulations ranged from 167 ± 2.1 to 325 ± 1.3 nm, with PDI values between 0.267 ± 0.03 and 0.384 ± 0.03. Zeta potential ranged from –18.17 ± 1.1 to –23.01 ± 1.3 mV, and entrapment efficiency was between 84.21 ± 0.1% and 94.16 ± 0.1%. In vitro drug release studies, conducted using the dialysis method in 0.1 N HCl and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, demonstrated a slower release in acidic medium compared to the phosphate buffer. Among all formulations, F5 prepared with Tripalmitin exhibited the highest drug release of 79.21% over 24 hours in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. Based on particle size, entrapment efficiency, and drug release profile, F5 was selected as the optimized formulation. Stability studies confirmed that F5 remained stable for at least three months.

Conclusion: The optimized formulation (F5) demonstrated the highest zeta potential, excellent entrapment efficiency, small particle size, and sustained drug release over 24 hours, indicating that SLN are a promising delivery system for enhancing the bioavailability of Azelnidipine.

Formulation And In-Vitro Evaluation Of Gliclazide Oro-Dispersible Tablets

2025-07-16T05:53:09+00:00

Introduction:

Gliclazide is a second-generation sulfonylurea used for the management of type II diabetes mellitus. Due to its poor water solubility, the onset of action may be delayed. The primary objective of the present study was to formulate Gliclazide oro-dispersible tablets (ODTs) to enhance solubility and dissolution rate, thereby promoting a faster onset of therapeutic action.

Methods:

Gliclazide ODTs were formulated using the direct compression method with three different superdisintegrants: Crospovidone, Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG), and Croscarmellose sodium. A total of nine formulations were developed. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was performed to evaluate potential drug–excipient interactions. All formulations were assessed for physicochemical properties, in vitro drug release, and release kinetics. The optimized formulation was further subjected to a 6-month stability study under ICH-recommended conditions.

Results:

All formulations complied with pharmacopeia specifications. Among them, formulation F3 exhibited the fastest disintegration time (19.1 seconds) and achieved 99.31% drug release within 15 minutes, attributed to the efficient wicking and swelling properties of crospovidone. Based on disintegration time and drug release performance, F3 was identified as the optimized formulation. It remained physically and chemically stable over a 6-month period.

Conclusion:

Gliclazide ODTs were successfully developed using direct compression and superdisintegrants such as Crospovidone, SSG, and Croscarmellose Sodium. The optimized formulation (F3) demonstrated rapid disintegration, enhanced drug release, and stability over 6 months, indicating its potential for improved patient compliance and faster therapeutic onset in the treatment of type II diabetes

Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis With Braf V600e Mutation In A Child: A Case Report

2025-07-16T06:37:05+00:00

Background: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a clonal proliferation disease of Langerhans cells with low incidence affecting one or more organs. Liver involvement, especially BRAF V600E mutation, has an unfavorable prognosis.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 2-year-old boy with worsening cholestatic jaundice, cutaneous lesions, polydipsia, and weight loss. Histopathology revealed multisystem LCH with CD1a positivity and BRAF V600E mutation. PET-CT scan showed hepatic and lymph node disease. The disease worsened despite vinblastine-based chemotherapy. Cytarabine was initiated, followed by dabrafenib as a bridging therapy. The child was formally listed for a liver transplant. There are significant implications for clinical practice.

Conclusion: This case highlights the rare multisystem presentation of BRAF-positive LCH with liver failure and the utility of combining mutation-targeted therapy with transplant planning. Given the refractory nature of disease in such genetic subtypes, there is a need for multidisciplinary coordination among oncologists, hepatologists, and transplant surgeons to optimize the timing and outcomes of curative therapies

Nonlinear Dynamics in PDEs: Stability, Bifurcation, and Pattern Formation

2025-07-16T06:44:39+00:00

In physics, biology, engineering, and other scientific fields, partial differential equations (PDEs) are fundamental tools for modelling dynamic systems. Stability and bifurcation are two basic ideas that frequently control how their solutions behave, particularly in different situations. The conditions under which solutions to nonlinear PDEs either stay stable or experience qualitative changes as a result of parameter variation are examined in this research paper. To investigate the dynamics of representative systems like reaction-diffusion equations and the Navier-Stokes equations, numerical simulations are used in conjunction with analytical methods such as Lyapunov stability theory, linearisation techniques, and bifurcation theory, including pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations. In-depth analysis is done on how boundary conditions, eigenvalue spectra, and nonlinear feedback affect the behaviour of the solution. In addition to offering useful insights into the critical transitions seen in real-world systems like fluid flow, chemical reactions, and biological pattern formation, our goal is to advance the theoretical understanding of solution trajectories in PDEs.

A Conceptual View On Langhan Brihaniye Adhyaya of Charak Samhita

2025-07-16T06:59:26+00:00

Acharya Charaka has bestowed upon us a wealth of profound wisdom, among which the Langhanabrimhaniya Adhyaya stands out as a remarkable gem which describes the foundational principles of six major Ayurvedic therapeutic modalities — Langhana (lightening), Brimhana (nourishing), Rukshana (drying), Snehana (oleation), Swedana (sudation), and Stambhana (astringent/stabilizing). These interventions are core to balancing the dosas and treating a broad spectrum of diseases. The chapter begins with an emphasis on Langhana and Brimhana therapies to address conditions of excessive emaciation and corpulence as introduced in the preceding chapter. Through twelve critical questions and systematic explanations, Acharya Punarvasu highlights the significance of mastering these treatments as the mark of a true physician.

Each therapy is defined by its action, indications, and pharmacological qualities of suitable substances thus offering a simplified yet comprehensive understanding. Ten types of Langhana are explained, ranging from purification procedures like Vamana and Virechana to lifestyle interventions such as fasting and exercise. Similarly, indications for Brimhana and Stambhana therapies are elaborated upon, outlining their relevance in various physiological and pathological states.

The chapter concludes with the assertion that, despite the vast diversity in disease presentations and doshic interactions, all treatment modalities ultimately fall within the scope of these six foundational therapies — Shadvidha Chikitsa. Their correct application in accordance with individual constitution, disease condition, strength, season, and doshic imbalance is essential for effective and holistic healing in Ayurveda.

Comparative Analysis of Piper longum and Withania somnifera in Alleviating Depression

2025-07-16T09:47:18+00:00

Depression represents a significant global health challenge, prompting extensive research into natural therapeutic alternatives. This comparative study investigates the antidepressant efficacy of Piper longum (long pepper) and Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) through systematic analysis of their bioactive compounds, mechanisms of action, and clinical outcomes. The research methodology employed a comprehensive literature review, meta-analysis of clinical trials, and comparative assessment of pharmacological properties. The hypothesis posited that both plants demonstrate significant antidepressant properties, with Withania somnifera showing superior clinical efficacy compared to Piper longum. Results indicated that piperine from Piper longum exhibits monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity, while withanolides from Withania somnifera demonstrate broader neurotransmitter modulation effects. Clinical studies revealed that Withania somnifera extract (500-1000mg daily) produced significant improvements in depression scores compared to placebo, while Piper longum showed promising preclinical results but limited clinical validation. The discussion highlights the complementary mechanisms of both plants, with Withania somnifera demonstrating superior evidence-based therapeutic potential for depression management. In conclusion, while both plants possess antidepressant properties, Withania somnifera presents stronger clinical evidence and broader therapeutic applicability for depression treatment.

Effectiveness Of Nalbuphine As An Adjuvant To Ropivacaine In Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block - A Randomised Control Study

2025-07-16T09:53:13+00:00

Introduction: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SCBPB) provides excellent anaesthesia for upper limb surgeries. Ropivacaine is commonly used due to its favourable safety profile, but its single-shot effect may not suffice for prolonged postoperative analgesia. Nalbuphine, a mixed κ-agonist and µ-antagonist opioid, is a promising adjuvant with effective analgesia and minimal side effects. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding nalbuphine (10 mg) to 0.75% ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

Materials and Methods: This randomised controlled study included 60 patients undergoing upper limb surgeries, divided into two groups (n=30). Group A received 20 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine with 10 mg nalbuphine; Group B received 20 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine with 1 mL normal saline. Ultrasound-guided SCBPB was performed, and onset and duration of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia, and hemodynamic parameters were assessed.

Results: Group A demonstrated significantly faster sensory (3.9 ± 1.2 vs 9.0 ± 1.8 min) and motor block onset (7.1 ± 1.4 vs 11.8 ± 2.0 min) compared to Group B (p < 0.001). Duration of motor block (810 ± 45 vs 665 ± 40 min) and analgesia (1020 ± 60 vs 801 ± 50 min) were significantly longer in Group A (p < 0.001). Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters remained stable in both groups, and no adverse effects were reported.

Conclusion: Nalbuphine (10 mg) significantly improves the onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, as well as postoperative analgesia, when used as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in SCBPB, without compromising safety.

Prevalence of Diseases of Otorhinolaryngology Among Immigrant Medical Students in Puducherry

2025-07-16T09:57:24+00:00

Introduction

Migration can be defined as an extended stay in a cultural environment that is different from the native one. This study focuses on understanding the relationship between health and migration among medical students in Puducherry. It investigates how migrant students may be affected by migration in terms of commonly encountered otorhinolaryngology (ear, nose, and throat) diseases such as rhinitis, sinusitis, hearing loss and tonsillitis in migrant students.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study involving 165 medical students from various regions of India was carried out in a tertiary health centre at Puducherry. A questionnaire including sociodemographic details and otorhinolaryngology related symptoms was used to gather data.

Results

A study conducted on 165 immigrant medical students showed a significant association between the causation of otorhinolaryngological diseases and migration factors such as exposure to allergens (p=0.002). duration of stay (p=0.015), psychological stress (p<0.001), and living conditions (p=0.045). The most prevalent otorhinolaryngological condition was allergic rhinitis (35.2%), followed by laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (25.5%), sinusitis (21.8%), tonsillitis (17.0%), and chronic otitis media (14.5%). Noise-induced hearing loss was reported in (7.3%) of participants.

Conclusion

In our study we were able to demonstrate the corelation between causation of the disease and the geographical change and proves that migration has an impact on developing ENT diseases

RP-HPLC Bio-Analytical Method for Precise Quantification and Validation of Bupropion Hydrochloride in Human Plasma

2025-07-16T10:03:28+00:00

Importance:

Bupropion is a widely prescribed antidepressant and smoking cessation aid. Monitoring its plasma concentration is crucial for assessing therapeutic efficacy and safety. Current methods for quantifying Bupropion in plasma are either complex or not widely accessible. This study presents the development and validation of a robust, sensitive, and efficient analytical method for quantifying Bupropion in plasma.

Research Gap:

While several methods exist, there is a need for a simple, reliable, and sensitive method that provides accurate results with minimal sample preparation, specifically suitable for routine clinical analysis.

Objective:

The primary objective of this study was to develop a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantification of Bupropion HCl in plasma, ensuring high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility.

Methodology:

The method involves plasma extraction followed by analysis using HPLC with UV detection. Calibration curves were constructed and stability studies were conducted under various conditions. The method was validated according to US-FDA guidelines, assessing parameters such as precision, accuracy, linearity, LOD, LOQ, and matrix effects.

Key Findings:

The method demonstrated excellent linearity (R² = 0.999) over the range of 50–750 ng/mL. The limits of detection and quantification were 8 ng/mL and 25 ng/mL, respectively. The precision and accuracy of the method were validated, with intra- and inter-day variability <2%. Stability studies showed that Bupropion was stable under various conditions, with freeze-thaw recovery rates between 92%–97%, room temperature stability up to 6 hours (93%–96%), and long-term stability at -20°C (94.2%–96.8%).

Results:

Chromatograms for blank and spiked plasma confirmed the specificity and sensitivity of the developed method. The calibration curve exhibited excellent linearity with an equation of y = 0.023x + 0.15 and a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.999). Intra-day and inter-day precision studies yielded % RSD values well within the acceptable limits, ensuring the method’s robustness. Recovery studies showed satisfactory mean recoveries (99.45%) for Bupropion at various concentrations, confirming the method's accuracy.

Implications and Future Potential:

This validated HPLC method offers a reliable approach for routine quantification of Bupropion in clinical settings. The method's simplicity, sensitivity, and reproducibility make it ideal for therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies, with potential applications in other clinical and research environments. Future work will focus on expanding the method's application to other related compounds and improving the automation of the process.

1,3-Thiazoles: Advances in Synthesis, Properties, and Comprehensive Biological Potential

2025-07-16T10:10:06+00:00

1,3-Thiazole compounds have garnered considerable interest due to their diverse biological activities and adaptable chemical structures. An extensive summary of 1,3-thiazole derivative synthesis, physicochemical characteristics, and biological uses is given in this review. A wide range of synthetic procedures is covered in depth, including metal-catalyzed and green chemistry techniques, as well as more contemporary approaches, such as the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis. The thiazole moiety is a useful scaffold in drug development because of its strong binding affinity to a variety of biological targets, which is facilitated by its structural flexibility and electrical properties. Additionally, the development of more potent thiazole-based treatments with enhanced selectivity and decreased toxicity has been directed by structure-activity relationship (SAR) research. 1,3-thiazole compounds have been investigated in agrochemicals, dyes, and materials science in addition to pharmacological uses. This review highlights recent advancements in developing thiazole-based heterocyclic compounds, emphasizing their role as a key scaffold in biological and medicinal applications

Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of Citicoline Sodium and Risperidone Controlled Release Tablets for Bipolar Disorder

2025-07-16T10:16:31+00:00

Bipolar disorder poses major treatment challenges, which demand novel drug delivery strategies to provide the most effective treatment with minimal side effects. The objective was to prepare and evaluate controlled release tablets of citicoline sodium and risperidone for improved treatment in management of bipolar disorder. The multiparticulate (combination therapy) was prepared by wet granulation process with the matrix polymers hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100M) and ethyl cellulose. Nine formulations of different drug-to-polymer ratios were prepared and characterized. The technique included qualifying pre compression characteristics, post compression features, and in vitro dissolution studies employing USP Apparatus II. It was concluded from the results that formulation F7 with 30% HPMC and 60% ethyl cellulose showed best controlled releasing behavior i.e., 89.4% drug release at the end of 12 hours according to zero-order release kinetics. The drug's release profile was neutral pH independent and uniform throughout the range of media tested. Release rate was found to have comparable relationship with polymer concentration (p<0.05). The resulting formulation exhibited good bioavailability potential with less dosing frequency. This study successfully shows the potential of a controlled release combination therapy for bipolar disorder treatment to achieve sustained drug release, leading to reduced side effects, and, in turn, enhance the treatment compliance and therapeutic efficacy

EG-CB-BM Framework: Strategic Insights into the Impact of Electronic Gadgets on Consumer Behavior in the Digital Business Management Landscape

2025-07-16T12:09:26+00:00

This paper introduces the EG-CB-BM (Electronic Gadgets–Consumer Behavior–Business Management) Framework, developed to examine the strategic impact of digital devices on consumer choices within a rapidly transforming digital economy. Drawing on current literature, the study explores the digital evolution of consumer behavior and how electronic gadgets facilitate interaction within omnichannel environments. It synthesizes the status of digital marketing and its role in reshaping business processes and marketing strategies. Through case analyses of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Amazon, Twitter, Snapchat, the paper highlights the critical influence of platform-specific dynamics on customer engagement. Key prospects and limitations are discussed, with an emphasis on the need for adaptive digital business models. This research contributes practical insights into how enterprises can align technology, consumer behavior, and marketing strategies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.

Effect Of Metformin In Obese Knee Osteoarthritis Patients

2025-07-16T12:25:45+00:00

Background: Obese knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating condition driven by mechanical stress and systemic inflammation, with limited treatments that address both symptoms and disease progression. Tramadol is commonly used for pain relief, while metformin, traditionally a diabetes medication, shows promise for its anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects. This study compares the efficacy of tramadol alone versus tramadol combined with metformin in managing obese knee OA.

Methods: In a 12-week randomized controlled trial at St. Isabel’s Hospital, Chennai, 50 patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², aged 40–60 years) with obese knee OA were assigned to two groups: Group A (tramadol) and Group B (tramadol + metformin). Outcomes included changes in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores for pain, stiffness, and function, and serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) levels as a biomarker of cartilage degradation. Statistical analysis used paired t-tests to assess significance.

Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in WOMAC scores and COMP levels (p < 0.05). Group B (tramadol + metformin) demonstrated greater reductions in WOMAC total score (60.6 ± 9.03 to 42.6 ± 7.80 vs. 64 ± 9.37 to 51.8 ± 8.98, p = 0.00616), pain (p = 0.030), stiffness (p = 0.0001), and function (p = 0.00679) subscales, and serum COMP levels (14.04 ± 1.87 to 9.8 ± 1.49 vs. Mavericks 14.7 ± 1.82 to 11.9 ± 1.75, p ≤ 0.0001) compared to Group A. No significant BMI changes were observed in either group.

Conclusion: The combination of tramadol and metformin provides superior symptomatic relief and potential chondroprotective benefits compared to tramadol alone in obese knee OA patients. These findings suggest metformin’s potential as an adjunctive therapy, warranting further investigation into its long-term disease-modifying effects

Smart Helmet System For Advanced Safety Using Iot

2025-07-17T04:51:30+00:00

By consolidating many real-time monitoring capabilities into a single, affordable unit, the suggested smart helmet system is an Internet of Things (IoT) based safety solution that aims to improve the protection of riders of two-wheelers. Based on an Arduino Uno microcontroller, the system makes use of an infrared sensor to identify when a helmet has been worn, a multi-gas meter to measure blood alcohol content, and an accelerometer to identify when an accident has occurred. The device utilizes a relay module to disable vehicle ignition in the event that the helmet is not worn or if alcohol is detected. The system has a GPS module that automatically tracks the rider's position in case of an accident and a GSM module that notifies pre-set contacts of the rider's whereabouts. This smart helmet is a small, practical, and energy-efficient way to reduce road fatalities and improve emergency response times. It uses both proactive and reactive techniques to keep riders safe

An AI-Powered Autonomous System for Real-Time Blind Smart Shoe

2025-07-17T04:57:16+00:00

This project introduces an AI-Powered Autonomous System for a Real-Time Blind Smart Shoe, aimed at enhancing mobility and independence for visually impaired individuals. The system integrates artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and real-time computer vision to identify obstacles and navigate safely through various environments.At the core of the system is an ESP32 camera module, which continuously captures the surroundings in real time. These visual inputs are transmitted to a dedicated Android APK application via Wi-Fi. The application processes the incoming frames using pre-trained deep learning models to detect and classify objects or obstacles in the user’s path. Once an object is identified, the app immediately converts the detection result into voice output using Text-to-Speech (TTS) technology.To ensure that the voice feedback reaches the user clearly, a USB Bluetooth audio module is connected to a small speaker or headset worn by the user. This enables the system to provide spoken alerts, such as "Obstacle ahead", "Person", or "Vehicle", which helps the blind user make informed decisions while walking.Additionally, the system includes Google Maps integration within the app to support GPS-based route guidance. The user can input or select a destination, and the app will provide real-time navigation commands such as “Turn left in 20 meters” or “You have reached your destination”, ensuring smooth travel along predefined or dynamically generated routes.By combining real-time image recognition, auditory feedback, and navigation assistance, the Blind Smart Shoe system serves as a smart wearable solution that improves both environmental awareness and route navigation for blind and visually impaired individuals. It ultimately promotes safety, autonomy, and confidence in daily mobility

Research on the Clinical Efficacy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Fracture Rehabilitation after Surgery

2025-07-17T08:46:11+00:00

Fracture rehabilitation outcomes may improve by integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with Western orthopaedic care. This review examines recent clinical evidence (2019–2025) on combined TCM-Western postoperative rehabilitation for fractures. A systematic search of English and Chinese literature identified ≥40 peer-reviewed studies, including randomized trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses. Findings consistently show that integrative approaches can accelerate fracture healing, enhance functional recovery, and reduce complications compared to standard care alone. For example, meta-analysis evidence indicates significantly shorter healing times (by ~20–30%) and higher early union rates with adjuvant Chinese therapies. Integrative interventions (e.g. acupuncture, herbal medicine, tui-na massage) were associated with better pain relief and joint function scores, enabling earlier mobilization. Postoperative complication risks (infection, respiratory failure, etc.) also tended to be lower in integrative care groups. Mechanistically, TCM treatments may promote osteogenesis and mitigate inflammation (for instance, herbals like Epimedium suppress RANKL and activate Wnt signaling to stimulate bone formation). We conclude that an integrated TCM-Western model is a clinically efficacious and safe strategy for fracture postoperative rehabilitation, yielding faster recovery and holistic benefits.

Clinical-Nutritional Characterization Of Patients With Lung Cancer. Saturnino Lora Hospital

2025-07-17T09:01:37+00:00

Introduction: The need to implement new variables such as nutritional status in the comprehensive evaluation of patients with lung cancer for better treatment results is essential. In our context, there is insufficient evidence of the value of indicators of the nutritional status of these patients.

Aim: Characterize clinical markers and nutritional status in patients with lung cancer.

Material and method: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 61 patients with lung cancer who attended the Clinical Trial consultation at the Saturnio Lora Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, between December 2015 and March 2016, where the condition was evaluated. Nutrition based on arm body composition and body mass index.

Results: Women represented 47.5% and men 52.5% in total. There is a higher incidence in women between 61 and 70 years old and in men 51 and 60 years old and between 71 and 80. Concerning the muscle area, fat area, and triceps fold in the last stages of the disease there is marked evidence of depletion. This contradicts the Body Mass Index (BMI), which appears normal in the different stages.

Conclusions: There was a slight predominance of men over women. The triceps fold, muscle area and fat area showed more correspondence in the nutritional evaluation of the most advanced stages of lung neoplasia concerning body mass index

Formulation of silver Nanoparticle from a methanolic extract of Onosma bracteatum and evaluation of their antibacterial properties

2025-07-17T09:18:46+00:00

This study focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the methanolic extract of Onosma bracteatum, a medicinal plant known for its antimicrobial properties. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and DLS techniques. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against selected bacterial and fungal strains using the agar well diffusion method. Results indicated significant antimicrobial activity of the formulated AgNPs, suggesting their potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Antibacterial evaluation demonstrated that both the methanolic extract and the biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited significant activity against various bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus capitis. These findings suggest that the plant-derived AgNPs could serve as effective natural alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Overall, this eco-friendly synthesis approach represents a promising alternative to traditional physical and chemical nanoparticle production methods and holds potential for application in antimicrobial therapies and other biological systems

Formulation And Evaluation Of Ketotifen Fumarate-Loaded Nanoparticles For Enhanced Transdermal Drug Delivery

2025-07-17T09:26:54+00:00

Ketotifen Fumarate, a non-competitive H1-receptor antagonist, is widely used for the prophylactic treatment of allergic conditions such as asthma, rhinitis, and chronic urticaria. However, its clinical effectiveness is limited by low oral bioavailability (~50%), short plasma half-life, and significant first-pass metabolism. This study aimed to overcome these limitations by formulating and evaluating lipid-based nanoparticles for potential transdermal delivery. Nanoparticles were prepared using soyalecithin and ethanol via the emulsification–solvent diffusion method, incorporating propylene glycol to enhance skin permeability. The formulations were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, swelling index, and in vitro drug release. Among the eight formulations (KFN-1 to KFN-8), KFN-6 showed optimal characteristics, including small particle size (93.47 µm), high zeta potential (27.16 mV), and encapsulation efficiency (89.38%). In vitro release studies indicated a sustained release profile, with Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics suggesting a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The findings support the potential of lipid-based nanoparticles as an effective transdermal delivery system for improving the therapeutic performance of Ketotifen Fumarate

A Study On Surgical Site Infections Following Lower Segment Caesarean Section At A Tertiary Care Centre

2025-07-17T12:20:49+00:00

Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) remain a leading cause of postoperative morbidity following lower segment cesarean sections (LSCS), especially in low- and middle-income countries. These infections contribute to prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and adverse maternal outcomes.

Objective: To determine the incidence, risk factors, and demographic correlates of SSIs in patients undergoing LSCS at a tertiary care center over a one-year period.

Material and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 400 women undergoing LSCS between April 2024 and April 2025. Postoperative follow-up was done for 7 days. Clinical signs of infection were assessed, and wound cultures were collected when indicated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to evaluate associations.

Results: The incidence of SSI was 8% (32 out of 400 cases). A significant proportion of SSI cases were associated with emergency surgeries, high BMI (≥25), anemia (Hb <11 g/dL), perioperative hyperglycemia (glucose ≥110 mg/dL), and socio-demographic factors such as low socioeconomic status and rural background. Key obstetric risk factors included PROM, PIH, and multiple vaginal examinations. Emergency LSCS accounted for 95% of all SSIs.

Conclusion: SSIs following LSCS are predominantly associated with modifiable risk factors, including anemia, hyperglycemia, and emergency procedures. Optimizing preoperative care and stricter aseptic protocols can significantly reduce the SSI burden

Uv Spectrophotometric Method For Simultaneous Estimation Of Lansoprazole (Lsp) And Domperidone (Dpd) In Combined Pharmaceutical Formulation

2025-07-17T16:59:03+00:00

The scope of developing and validating a method is to ensure a suitable strategy for particular analysis which is more specific, reliable, accurate and precise. To develop and validate an accurate, precise, reliable and cost-effective stability indicating UV method for simultaneous estimation of Lansoprazole (LSP) and Domperidone (DPD) in combined pharmaceutical formulation. Lansoprazole (LSP) is used as management of acidity and nausea and vomiting. The wavelength of maximum absorbance for Lansoprazole (LSP) and Domperidone (DPD) was 287.2 nm and 301 nm respectively. The UV method used for analysis was Q-Absorption ratio method; overlain spectra show the isosbestic point at 253nm. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with R2=0.9934 and 0.9919 for Lansoprazole (LSP) and Domperidone (DPD) respectively at the concentration range of 2–20 µg/mL for Lansoprazole (LSP) and 2–20 µg/mL μg/mL for Domperidone (DPD). The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness. The proposed developed stability indicating method can be applied for identification and quantitative determination of Lansoprazole (LSP) and Domperidone (DPD) in drug formulation

Aesthetic refinement through intraoral excision: A Minimally Invasive Approach To Epidermoid Cyst Removal, A Case Report

2025-07-17T17:05:47+00:00

Background

Epidermoid cysts, also known as epidermal inclusion cysts, are benign, slow-growing lesions that often develop in the dermis. They arise from the hair follicles and are most commonly filled with keratinous material. Epidermoid cysts can occur anywhere on the body but are most often seen on the face, neck, and upper trunk. These cysts can vary in size and often present as small, firm, mobile, and non-tender nodules. Although usually asymptomatic, they can become infected or inflamed, causing pain and swelling [1].

Case Presentation

This report presents a case of a 58 years old male patient with a cystic lesion in his right corner of mouth. The patient presented with a complaint of a painless, slowly enlarging nodule in the right side of the corner of the mouth. The lesion had been present for approximately 6 months, with gradual enlargement over time. The patient reported no associated symptoms, such as pain or discharge. Enucleation and excisional biopsy were carried out intraorally to avoid post-operative facial scarring. The specimen was sent to histopathology laboratory for evaluation, which suggested a confirm diagnosis of Epidermoid cyst.

Conclusion

Although Epidermoid cysts do not tend to recur, the need for regular follow-ups should not be underestimated, neither by the attending clinician nor by the patients themselves. In conclusion, the histopathologically proven and uneventful wound healing constitutes the only reassurance for the patient's well-being

Assessment of white spot lesions around Orthodontic brackets using different Bonding Agents: an SEM study

2025-07-17T17:13:16+00:00

Introduction:

White spot lesions (WSLs) around orthodontic brackets are a significant concern due to their impact on aesthetics and oral health. This study delves into the factors contributing to WSL formation, exploring their genesis, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. Various factors, such as orthodontic attachment design and archwire ligation, influence WSL development. Remedial approaches and adjunctive treatments aim to prevent or mitigate demineralization during orthodontic intervention.

Methods:This study examined WSLs in 10 patients aged 14 to 23 undergoing orthodontic treatment with different bonding composites (AEGIS ORTHO and TRANSBOND XT). Samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis software to quantify WSL severity and lesion depth. Statistical analysis compared the outcomes between the two groups.

Results:Both groups experienced increased WSL severity after debonding, with Group A (TRANSBOND XT) showing higher demineralization. Within Group A, demineralization increased significantly after debonding, while Group B (AEGIS ORTHO) remained relatively stable. The net mean change in WSL severity showed 23.0% higher demineralization in Group A. Group B had significantly higher WSL severity and significantly lower lesion depth compared to Group A.

Discussion:The study highlights the role of bonding agents in WSL formation and their impact on demineralization. It aligns with previous research on bacterial acids, plaque dynamics, bracket design, and innovative materials like "smart composites."

Conclusion:This study underscores the significance of bonding materials in orthodontic treatments and their effects on WSLs. Aegis orthodontic bonding composite with Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (AEGIS ORTHO) exhibited better outcomes in terms of both WSL severity and lesion depth compared to TRANSBOND XT. Further research can build upon these insights to enhance bonding practices and improve the quality of orthodontic interventions.

Development And Characterization Of Gastroretentive Floating Drug Famotidine

2025-07-17T17:28:59+00:00

In this study, gastroretentive famotidine microballoons were designed and studied with the purpose of improving the treatment of peptic ulcers by extending the duration of stomach retention and regulating the release of the medicine. With a systematic modification in polymer-drug ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:3, and stirring speeds ranging from 900 to 1500 revolutions per minute, nine different formulations (F1-F9) were created with HPMC K4M through the process of emulsion solvent diffusion. Excellent micromeritic qualities were demonstrated by the microballoons, as evidenced by appropriate flow characteristics (angle of repose: 22.14°-27.19%; Carr's index: 7.93-13.11%) and sustained buoyancy (>12 hours, 64.17-83.21%), all of which are essential for stomach retention. In order to ensure efficient drug loading, a high drug encapsulation efficiency (63.47-70.34%) was utilised. While FTIR and DSC tests demonstrated that there were no interactions between the medication and the excipient, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed porous spherical structures that made flotation easier. In vitro release experiments demonstrated that the kinetics of the formulation were dependent on the formulation. The formulations F1, F4-F5, and F7-F9 adhered to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, while F2 and F6 adhered to the Higuchi kinetics. F3 displayed optimal zero-order release (R2=0.9954). Through the maintenance of prolonged therapeutic drug levels in the stomach, this gastroretentive system is able to successfully address the pharmacokinetic limitations of famotidine, particularly its short elimination half-life (2.5-4 hours). Famotidine's therapeutic potential for acid-related illnesses is considerably enhanced by the combination of extended buoyancy and controlled release profile. This combination has the potential to improve treatment efficacy while simultaneously reducing the frequency of dose to minimise adverse effects. Based on these data, it appears that microballoons based on HPMC K4M could be a promising method for the targeted delivery of famotidine to the stomach

Understanding Resilience And Coping In Depression And Ocd: Insights From A Clinical Sample

2025-07-17T17:42:53+00:00

Background: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Depression are among the most prevalent mental health conditions globally. Both disorders differ in symptomatology but share common psychological constructs such as resilience and coping mechanisms that influence prognosis and functioning.

Aim and Objective: To evaluate and compare resilience and coping mechanisms among individuals diagnosed with OCD and Depression.

Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at a tertiary care centre involving 100 participants—50 with depression and 50 with OCD—diagnosed per ICD-10 criteria. Sociodemographic data were collected, and participants were assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and the Brief COPE Inventory. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 29.0.1.0, with significance set at p<0.05.

Results: In the present study emotion-focused coping was predominantly used by depressed patients (56%), whereas OCD patients mostly employed avoidant coping strategies (60%), a difference that was statistically significant (p=0.001). The mean resilience score was significantly higher in depressed individuals (3.1±0.7) compared to those with OCD (2.2±0.6) (p<0.0001). No significant difference was observed in problem-focused coping between the two groups.

Conclusion: Depressive patients demonstrated higher resilience and a preference for emotion-focused coping, while OCD patients relied more on avoidant strategies and exhibited lower resilience. These findings underscore the importance of tailored psychotherapeutic approaches that enhance adaptive coping and resilience in both groups

Thyroid Function and Renal Biomarker Correlation in Euthyroid and Hypothyroid Pregnant Women: A Comparative Analysis

2025-07-17T17:51:49+00:00

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, is a prevalent endocrine disorder during pregnancy that significantly affects maternal and fetal health. Thyroid hormones also influence renal physiology, making the assessment of renal markers crucial in hypothyroid pregnancies.

Objectives: To estimate serum creatinine levels in euthyroid and hypothyroid pregnant women and assess their correlation with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 200 pregnant women, comprising 100 newly diagnosed hypothyroid (cases) and 100 euthyroid (controls), aged 20–40 years. TSH was measured using electro-chemiluminescence (Cobas e411), and serum creatinine was assessed by the Modified Jaffe’s method. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v20.0.

Results: Mean serum TSH was significantly lower in hypothyroid cases (1.32 ± 0.89 μIU/ml) compared to controls (2.28 ± 0.91 μIU/ml, p = 0.002). Mean serum creatinine was significantly higher in cases (0.87 ± 0.41 mg/dl) versus controls (0.55 ± 0.17 mg/dl, p = 0.001). A significant correlation was found between TSH and serum creatinine levels in hypothyroid patients.

Conclusion: Hypothyroidism in pregnancy is associated with elevated serum creatinine, indicating renal function impairment. Regular monitoring of thyroid and renal parameters is essential for optimal maternal and fetal outcomes

Correlation Of Serum Calcium, Phosphorus And 25‑Hydroxy Vitamin D With Glycemic Parameters In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross‑Sectional Study

2025-07-17T18:02:48+00:00

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Mineral metabolism, particularly involving calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, may play a pivotal role in T2DM pathophysiology.

Aim and Objective: To study the correlation of serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared to healthy controls.

Materials & Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 individuals — 80 diagnosed T2DM patients (cases) and 80 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (controls). Serum calcium, phosphorus, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were measured using standardized biochemical methods. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and chi-square tests.

Results: Among 80 diabetic patients, 65% were male and 35% female. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was present in 21.25% of diabetic patients, and serum calcium was below 8.4 mg/dL in 30% of them. Hypophosphatemia (<3.4 mg/dL) was observed in 72.5% of diabetic patients. All three parameters showed statistically significant differences compared to controls.

Conclusion: Diabetic patients exhibited lower levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. These biochemical markers may serve as early indicators of metabolic dysfunction in T2DM and could have implications for clinical management

Thyroid Dysfunction And Renal Biomarkers During Pregnancy: Comparative Insights Into Tsh And Creatinine Levels

2025-07-17T18:15:31+00:00

Background: Pregnancy induces numerous physiological adaptations, particularly in the endocrine and renal systems. Thyroid dysfunction—especially hypothyroidism—alters maternal and fetal outcomes, and its interplay with renal function remains under-investigated.

Objective: To compare TSH and serum creatinine levels between euthyroid and hypothyroid pregnant women and to explore any correlation between thyroid status and renal function.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 pregnant women (50 hypothyroid, 50 euthyroid controls). TSH and serum creatinine levels were measured using standardized methods. Statistical significance was determined with SPSS version 20.

Results: Mean TSH was significantly higher in euthyroid women (2.37 ± 0.85 µIU/ml) compared to hypothyroid women (1.05 ± 0.80 µIU/ml; p=0.006). Serum creatinine was significantly elevated in hypothyroid women (0.80 ± 0.45 mg/dL) vs. controls (0.55 ± 0.16 mg/dL). A statistically significant inverse relationship between TSH and serum creatinine was observed.

Conclusion: Hypothyroid pregnant women exhibit elevated serum creatinine, indicating early renal impairment. Co-monitoring of thyroid and renal biomarkers may improve maternal-fetal outcomes

Harnessing Corn Silk Syrup For Liver And Kidney Health: A Natural Cure

2025-07-17T18:24:50+00:00

Traditional herbal remedy Zea mays L. (commonly known as corn silk) is now scientifically proven to benefit liver and kidney health. This analysis investigates both the chemical identities present in corn silk syrup and its clinical effects together with its multiple therapeutic usage possibilities as an eco-friendly natural medicine. The bioactive contents in corn silk include flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds that generate its strong hepatoprotective along with anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects and antioxidant potential. These properties make corn silk particularly promising in managing renal and hepatic disorders such as nephrotoxicity, kidney stones, and liver fibrosis. Preclinical and limited clinical studies suggest that corn silk syrup may reduce elevated serum creatinine and urea levels, enhance urine output, and protect against drug- or toxin-induced hepatic damage. Its antioxidant activity contributes to the reduction of oxidative stress and liver and kidney tissue lipid peroxidative damage. In addition, the preparation of the syrup using green and simple extraction techniques underpins its incorporation into functional food and nutriticum capsules. Further standardization of dosage, long-term evaluation of safety, and clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and optimize its use. This review brings the potential of the use of corn silk syrup as a cheap, natural alternative or addendum to the liver and kidney health management process

The Role of Vitamin K in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Therapeutic Potential

2025-07-18T05:17:46+00:00

Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), pose significant public health challenges worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that Vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin traditionally known for its role in blood coagulation, also has neuroprotective properties. This review explores the role of Vitamin K in neurodegeneration, focusing on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective functions. It also evaluates the clinical and experimental evidence that support the potential of Vitamin K as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders. The paper highlights the need for further research to elucidate the precise mechanisms of Vitamin K in brain health and its translational application in neurodegenerative conditions

Teratogenic Effects Across Species: Insights from Animal Studies to Human Health Implications

2025-07-18T05:20:43+00:00

Teratogenicity refers to the ability of substances to cause developmental malformations in embryos or fetuses, posing significant challenges in pharmacology and toxicology, especially in the context of drug safety during pregnancy. Animal models have long been instrumental in studying the mechanisms of teratogenesis, providing insights into the molecular, genetic, and environmental factors that contribute to developmental defects. However, despite their utility, animal models have limitations due to species-specific differences in drug metabolism and development. Emerging technologies, including CRISPR gene-editing, nanotechnology, and organ-on-chip systems, offer promising alternatives that could enhance the accuracy of teratogenicity testing while reducing the ethical concerns associated with animal use. This paper explores the role of animal models in teratogenicity research, discusses the challenges of translating animal findings to human health implications, and highlights the potential of cutting- edge technologies to revolutionize the field, leading to better predictive accuracy and safer drug development

Comparative Evaluation of Golden Proportion, Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) Proportion, and Preston Proportion in Natural Dental Esthetics – A systematic review

2025-07-18T06:40:35+00:00

Background:
Dental esthetics play a pivotal role in enhancing facial attractiveness and patient confidence, especially in the maxillary anterior region. Theoretical models such as the Golden Proportion, Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) Proportion, and Preston Proportion have been widely proposed to guide esthetic smile design. However, their applicability and prevalence in natural dentition across populations remain debatable. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical relevance and natural occurrence of these three proportions in individuals with untreated anterior maxillary teeth.

Objective:
To assess and compare the prevalence, consistency, and clinical utility of the Golden Proportion, RED Proportion, and Preston Proportion in natural maxillary anterior dentition across diverse populations.

Methods:
The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024558371). A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and DOAJ up to July 2024. Studies included were observational, cross-sectional, or clinical trials evaluating naturally present maxillary anterior teeth without prior restorations or orthodontic treatment. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers using standardized templates and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4, with heterogeneity assessed through the I² statistic.

Results:
Out of 957 articles initially identified, 13 studies were included in the final analysis. All included studies were cross-sectional and encompassed diverse ethnic populations from India, Iran, Turkey, Spain, Kenya, and more. The Golden Proportion showed limited natural occurrence, with compliance rates ranging from 0% to 66.7%, and was most commonly found between central and lateral incisors. The RED Proportion, though preferred by clinicians, showed inconsistent natural occurrence across studies. The Preston Proportion demonstrated the least adherence, with several studies reporting 0% compliance. No proportion demonstrated universal applicability. Meta-analytic trends confirmed significant variability across ethnicities and populations.

Conclusion:
None of the three evaluated proportions were consistently observed in natural dentition across all populations. While they offer conceptual frameworks for smile design, rigid application may not be clinically appropriate. A personalized, patient-specific approach—considering individual tooth morphology, facial symmetry, and esthetic expectations—is recommended over adherence to universal proportional models

Analytical Method Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method For Estimation of Empagliflozin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2025-07-18T06:46:42+00:00

In this study, researchers aimed to develop and validate a reproducible and precise Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography technique for accurately estimating a chemical related to empagliflozin. The primary objective was to establish a method suitable for quality control of empagliflozin batches and its impurities. To achieve this, effective chromatographic separation has done by using two mobile phases: The mixture of 0.1 % Trifluoroacetic acid in Water and Methanol with flow rate 1.2 ml/min. The chromatographic separation was done by using a Phenomenex C-18, 250 mm X 4.6 mm, 5 µm. The results indicated successful chromatographic separation and accurate quantification. The proposed method demonstrated its efficacy for quality monitoring of bulk samples containing Empagliflozin, ensuring the reliability and consistency necessary for routine quality control purposes in the pharmaceutical industry

Assessing the Impact of Parent-Teacher Collaboration on Children's Health Outcomes in Government Primary Schools of Puducherry

2025-07-18T07:48:27+00:00

Background: Parent-teacher collaboration is widely recognized as a key factor influencing not only children’s academic success but also their health and well-being, especially in settings where health issues such as dental problems, skin diseases, and nutritional deficiencies are prevalent among schoolchildren. Despite its importance, there remains a notable gap in research specifically addressing the impact of structured parent-teacher collaboration programs on children’s health awareness and behavior within government primary schools in India. This study was designed to bridge this gap by evaluating the effectiveness of a targeted collaboration program in improving children’s health outcomes in Puducherry.

Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental design involving 240 participants, equally divided into experimental and control groups, selected through simple random sampling from government primary schools. The experimental group received a structured parent-teacher collaboration intervention, including training sessions on communication, collaboration, and health promotion, while the control group continued standard practices until the intervention was offered post-assessment. Data were collected using validated tools such as the Parent-Teacher Collaboration Scale and the Children’s Health Awareness and Behavior Questionnaire, with assessments conducted at baseline and post-intervention. Ethical clearance was obtained, and informed consent was ensured throughout the study.

Results: Post-intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in both collaboration levels and children’s health awareness. High collaboration increased from 16.7% to 41.7% in the experimental group (p < 0.001), and good health awareness rose from 33.3% to 58.3% (p < 0.001), both significantly higher than in the control group. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between parent-teacher collaboration and health awareness (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) in the experimental group.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that structured parent-teacher collaboration programs can effectively enhance collaboration and improve children’s health awareness in government primary schools. The study recommends the implementation of such programs, ongoing teacher training, and further research to assess long-term impacts on child health outcomes

Phytochemical Screening And Antioxidant Activity Of Euryale Ferox Leaf Extract: An Untapped Botanical Resource

2025-07-18T08:52:29+00:00

Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. Euryale ferox, traditionally recognized for its nutritional and medicinal properties, has been extensively studied for its seeds, while its leaves remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the antioxidant potential of E. ferox leaf extract using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Leaves were collected, shade-dried, and extracted with 70% ethanol. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring DPPH radical scavenging, with ascorbic acid as the reference standard. The extract exhibited a concentration-dependent free radical scavenging effect. The IC₅₀ value of the E. ferox leaf extract was found to be 71.18 ± 0.0691 µg/mL compared to 19.21±0.051 µg/mL, for ascorbic acid, indicating moderate to strong antioxidant activity. These results suggest that E. ferox leaves contain significant levels of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds responsible for their antioxidant activity, supporting their potential use as a natural antioxidant in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations.

A Complex Post-Transplant Puzzle: Successful Intervention in Chronic Allograft Dysfunction with Portal Biliopathy and Portal Vein Thrombosis

2025-07-18T09:00:35+00:00

We report a case of a 38-year-old female who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms eight years after a deceased donor liver transplantation performed for autoimmune hepatitis. She was found to have chronic allograft dysfunction complicated by portal biliopathy, portal vein thrombosis, ascites, and anemia. Her management involved percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), terlipressin infusion, blood product transfusions, and optimization of immunosuppressive therapy. This case highlights the complex nature of long-term complications following liver transplantation and emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary management in such cases.

Case Report on Failed Kasai Hepatico Portoenterostomy with Biliary Atresia in 3 years old child

2025-07-18T09:53:24+00:00

Biliary atresia is a rare liver disease in children where the bile ducts are blocked or not present in the liver. This case explains a 3 years old child who was previously diagnosed with Biliary Atresia. The Child admitted electively for cholangiogram and asses the possibility of interventional radiology guided Percutaneous transhepatic biliary Drainage insertion for biliary strictures. The child liver enzymes are increased and patient histopathology studies Indicates biliary atresia. The Child was diagnosed with Biliary atresia. Doppler study showed decreased peribiliary echogenicity, short segments of Centre prominent intrahepatic biliary radicals with intervening on dilated duct noted presented intrahepatic strictures. MRCP showed multifocal intrahepatic strictures, cystic dilation central part segment 3 intrahepatic biliary radicals positive. The patient underwent cholangiogram. Medications Used in the Course of Hospitalization are Prograf 1mg and 0.5mg, Mycophenolate Mofetil 250-125mg, Omnacortil 2.5mg and Sirolimus 1mg. Child was hemodynamically stable, vitals are normal, accepting feed well and discharge. Discharge medications are Sirolimus 1mg, Prograf 0.5mg, Ciplox 125mg, Omnacortil 2.5mg, Udcament 2.5ml, Cellcept 250mg.

A Case Study and Clinical Implications of Antenatal Allergic Reaction to Parenteral Iron During Pregnancy

2025-07-18T10:08:41+00:00

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most widespread food deficiency prostration in the world, particularly, associated with deficiency among girls of procreative age. IDA is another important source of morbidity and fatalities connected with pregnancy, especially in underdeveloped countries such as India. In patients with poorly tolerated oral iron, intravenous iron formulations, including iron sucrose, is an effective treatment of moderate-to-severe anemia. Nevertheless, sometimes they might also lead to development of hypersensitivity reactions, resulting in the need of immediate medical assistance.

In this case, a 26-year-old female patient (G2P1L1) who was admitted for an elective repeat cesarean procedure at 38 weeks of gestation is described. Her vitals were stable, and she had palpitations. In preoperative tests, mild microcytic anemia, leukocytosis, hypokalemia, and elevated CRP and serum IgE values were detected, which may indicate a possible allergic propensity.

On the first postoperative day after intravenous iron sucrose, she developed a type I hypersensitivity reaction that was facilitated by urticaria, flushing, itching, dyspnea, and hypotension. Using hydrocortisone and IV pheniramine maleate (Inj. Avil), the response was well controlled. Oral iron supplementation was started and parenteral iron was stopped.

The present case emphasizes how crucial it is to monitor the allergic reactions when receiving parenteral iron therapy, particularly in individuals who have high inflammatory signs.

Case Report: Parkinsonism with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Recurrent Seizures in an Elderly Male

2025-07-18T10:15:10+00:00

This case report discusses a 64-year-old male patient with a complex medical history involving Parkinson’s disease, dementia, and normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), who presented with recurrent seizures and altered sensorium following a fall. The patient was also diagnosed with systemic hypertension, syncope, recurrent aspiration pneumonia, and a seizure disorder. This case emphasizes the challenges of managing multiple overlapping neurological and systemic conditions in a geriatric patient and highlights the importance of multidisciplinary care, pharmacological adjustments, and clinical pharmacist interventions in optimizing treatment outcomes.

Case Report on Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma

2025-07-18T10:20:02+00:00

A 61 years old female patient was a known case of hilar cholangiocarcinoma type 3A status post percutaneous transhepatic drainage + metal stenting done on 2025 on cyclical antibiotics. She is planned for plan for right hepatectomy + CBD excision + Hep J. Now been admitted in hospital. Past history of evaluated for jaundice + yellowish color of urine in march 2025. History of CAM intake for skin hyperpigmentation. History of weight loss +. She was diagnosed with hilar cholangiocarcinoma type 3A. Past surgery status post percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage + metal stent in febuary 2025. Procedure done right hepatectomy + CBD excision + Hep J done on May 2025. She was started with prophylactic antibiotics and analgesic. She was hemodynamically stable, afebrile surgical wound healing with primary intentions.

Exosomes As A Revolutionary Tool In Wound Healing And Skin Regeneration: Current Evidence And Therapeutic Potential

2025-07-18T11:39:19+00:00

Nano-sized extracellular vesicles, such as the exosomes, innovate wound healing and skin regeneration based on intercellular crosstalk via bioactive payloads (miRNA, proteins, lipids). This review outlines the ability of these compounds to accelerate wound healing, mitigate inflammation, and promote tissue remodeling, as well as recent findings from preclinical and clinical trials. Discoveries, such as exosome-derived biomaterials, including hydrogels, and targeted delivery systems, like CRISPR-engineered exosomes, enhance the efficacy of therapeutics. The existence of rare and exciting discoveries validates the future of transformative possibilities, including hypoxic-conditioned exosomes that stimulate HIF-1α and plant exosomes that enhance burn healing, such as those derived from ginger. Preliminary data indicate that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes can improve healing rates by up to 30-50% in diabetic models, and early-phase clinical studies suggest a decrease in scarring and chronic wound inflammation in chronic wounds. Exosomes have significant clinical and translational potential in the treatment of chronic wounds, burns, and aesthetic dermatology, meeting the demand for biocompatible, low-immunogenicity products. These advances make exosomes a transformative type of regenerative medicine, marking a breakthrough in personalized and scalable applications of wound care and skin regeneration despite the challenges of scalability and standardization.

Advances In Bioprinting Of Vascularized Tissue Constructs For Reconstructive Surgery: A Review Of Breakthrough Technologies

2025-07-18T11:49:48+00:00

The innovation of 3D bioprinting has brought about a significant change in tissue engineering, particularly in the construction of vascularized tissue structures that play a crucial role in reconstructive surgery. It presents an overview of currently available innovative technologies that permit the development of perfusable vascular networks as an alternative to conventional grafts, which have certain disadvantages related to the supply problem and immunocompatibility concerns. The new resolution levels can be recapitulated using state-of-the-art bioprinting technologies, such as multiscale coaxial printing and two-photon polymerization, to recreate vascular hierarchies. Emerging bioinks, including self-assembling peptides, VEGF bioinks, and magnetically responsive hydrogels, enhance endothelial orientation and mechanical tailorability. This is achieved by providing perfusable channels through microfluidic integration; however, AI-based computational models excel in implementing vascular design and forecasting vascular remodeling. Recent findings include bioprinted constructs capable of anastomosis, which have been successfully integrated into and reconstituted hosts in preclinical studies. Additionally, vascularised organoids have shown improved functionality, with a few notable examples including liver constructs with the integration of bile ducts. Applications include skin, bone, and craniomaxillofacial reconstruction, with clinical translation steps involving first-in-human trials of vascular grafts. Scaffolding issues, such as scalability, cell viability, and regulatory standardization, still exist; however, innovations like in situ bioprinting and 4D shape-morphing constructs are pointing to a revolutionary future. As highlighted by this review, this holds the promise to revolutionize reconstructive surgery, reducing the use of autografts and promising to improve patient outcomes through the personalization and scalability of solutions. Further cross-disciplinary cooperation and funding are needed to overcome the technical and ethical barriers, and avenues should be opened for clinical implementation

Design, In Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation, and In Silico Drug-Likeness Assessment of Novel Pyrazoline Derivatives

2025-07-18T11:56:34+00:00

The present study reports the synthesis, In vitro antimicrobial evaluation, and in silico drug-likeness prediction of a novel series of pyrazoline derivatives (4a–4h). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the cup plate method against a panel of bacterial and fungal pathogens. The zone of inhibition was measured to assess antibacterial and antifungal efficacy. In silico studies were performed using a Python-based RDKit tool to determine key physicochemical parameters, ADME properties, and toxicity predictions. Compound 4h exhibited the most potent activity against all tested strains. All compounds showed favorable drug-likeness and high gastrointestinal absorption, with no AMES toxicity flags

Perception Of Prescription Drug Abuse Among Medical Students

2025-07-18T12:01:48+00:00

Prescription drug abuse is a rising public health challenge, especially among populations with early exposure to pharmacological education. This cross-sectional study evaluated perceptions, attitudes, and self-reported practices related to prescription drug misuse among 100 medical students from three tertiary institutions in India. A validated 24-item Likert-scale questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.84) revealed moderate awareness but significant misconceptions regarding non-medical use of prescription drugs. Misuse was frequently rationalized under academic stress and cognitive performance pressure. Statistical analysis using chi-square and logistic regression showed a significant association between perceived safety and self-use (χ² = 14.8, p < 0.001), with high academic stress emerging as a key predictor (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.2–2.4). Findings call for integrated pharmacovigilance, ethics modules, and mental health support in the medical curriculum

Failure Control Of A Skyscraper Using Different Methods Of Retrofitting

2025-07-18T12:08:53+00:00

A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors. The term was originally used to describe one of at least 35-50 floors, mostly designed for office, commercial and residential uses. A skyscraper can also be called a high-rise, but the term skyscraper is often used for buildings higher than 50 m (164 ft). One common feature of skyscrapers is having a steel framework that supports curtain walls. These curtain walls either bear on the framework below or are suspended from the framework above, rather than load-bearing walls of conventional construction.

The load a skyscraper experiences is largely from the force of the building material itself. In most building designs, the weight of the structure is much larger than the weight of the material that it will support beyond its own weight. In technical terms, the dead load, the load of the structure, is larger than the live load.

The basic principles of design for vertical and lateral loads (wind & seismic) are the same for low, medium or high rise building. But a building gets high, both vertical & lateral loads become controlling factors. The vertical loads increase in direct proportion to the floor area and number of floors. In contrast to this, the effect of lateral loads on a building is not linear and increase rapidly with increase in height. Due to these lateral loads, deflection & moments on steel components will be very high. By retrofitting the structure, these types of failures can be controlled

In the present analysis, a Skyscraper with 40 floors will be analyzed. It will be tested by different methods of retrofitting like shear walls, bracings and fixed dampers at different locations. The building will be considered on medium soil and analyzed in all the four zones. Moments, Drift, Torsion and storey shear will be compared for all the cases.

A commercial package, ETABS will be used for analyzing Skyscraper of 120m height and for different zones. The results will be compared using tables & graphs to find out the most optimized solution.

A Case Report on Acute Hypersensitivity Reaction to Metronidazole Injection in a Female patient

2025-07-19T04:26:26+00:00

This case report discusses a 75-year-old female patient with a history of varicose veins, hypertension, and stroke, who presented with pain, swelling, and discharge from the left leg, ultimately diagnosed with bilateral lower limb lymphedema and lymphangitis. The patient experienced an acute hypersensitivity reaction after the administration of intravenous metronidazole, characterized by facial urticaria. The mechanism of this Type I hypersensitivity reaction involves sensitization to metronidazole, leading to IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation upon re-exposure. Given the patient's allergic reaction, clindamycin was identified as a safe alternative antibiotic, effective against anaerobic infections and Gram-positive cocci. This case underscores the importance of vigilance for drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions, particularly in older patients with multiple comorbidities, and highlights the necessity for careful monitoring and personalized antibiotic therapy to ensure patient safety.

Fracture Resistance Of Maxillary Premolar With Class II MOD Cavities Filled With Novel Composites Namely Nanohybrid Composite, Nanoceramic Composite, Short Fiber Enforced Composite And Nanohybrid With Fiber Splint Reinforced Composite

2025-07-19T06:37:43+00:00

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the fracture resistance of maxillary premolar with class II MOD cavities filled with novel composites namely nanohybrid composite, nanoceramic composite, short fiber enforced composite and nanohybrid with fiber splint reinforced composite.

Materials and methods: This in-vitro study utilized 100 freshly extracted non-carious maxillary premolars, sourced from patients aged 20–45 years for orthodontic purposes at New Horizon Dental College and affiliated camps. The selected teeth met strict inclusion criteria, ensuring absence of cracks, caries, or anatomical anomalies. Teeth were stored in 10% formalin at room temperature until use, then mounted in acrylic blocks for testing.Teeth were randomly divided into five groups of 20 each. The positive control group consisted of intact, unrestored teeth, while the negative control group had MOD cavities left unrestored. The remaining groups had standardized MOD cavities prepared using diamond burs under air-water cooling. Cavity dimensions were maintained with precision using a digital caliper. The teeth were restored with one of the following: nanohybrid composite (Tetric N-Ceram), nanoceramic composite (Magma NT), short fiber reinforced composite (GC everX Posterior) with a nanohybrid surface layer, and nanohybrid composite reinforced with a fiber splint (Angelus Interlig).

Results: Statistical analysis was first made by Kruskal Wallis Test, which showed significant difference of fracture resistance between the groups as a whole (H=88.44, p value<0.0001). Further it was analyzed by Mann Whitney U Test for 2- group comparison, the test showed highly significant statistical differences between all the study groups except between Group -II and Group –IV

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the preparation of MOD cavities reduced the fracture resistance of maxillary premolars. Among the restorative materials tested under compressive loads, nanoceramic composites demonstrated the lowest fracture resistance, while nanohybrid and fibre-reinforced composite resins exhibited higher and comparable fracture resistance. Notably, the fibre-reinforced composite group showed superior reinforcing ability, as indicated by the favorable fracture patterns observed.

A Comparative Evaluation Of Fracture Resistance Of Endodontically Treated Teeth Using Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement, Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement, Nanohybrid Composite, Biodentin, Zirconomer, And Proroot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate As Intraorifi

2025-07-19T06:43:05+00:00

Aim: This study primarily aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various intraorifice barrier materials in enhancing the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. It focuses on identifying the material that offers the greatest structural reinforcement and reduces the likelihood of fractures, thereby contributing valuable insights into the material properties that impact the longevity and durability of treated teeth. By providing evidence-based findings, the study also seeks to support dental professionals in selecting the most suitable intraorifice barrier materials for improved clinical outcomes.

Materials and methods: This in vitro study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. A total of 105 freshly extracted human mandibular premolars, collected from patients aged 20–45 years, were used. Teeth were selected based on specific inclusion criteria—single-rooted premolars with single canals, extracted for periodontal reasons, and free from cracks, resorption, or abnormal root curvature. Ethical clearance was obtained prior to sample collection and experimentation. The teeth were cleaned, decoronated at the cementoenamel junction, and root canals were prepared using hand files up to size #20 followed by Protaper Universal rotary files till F3 size using the crown-down technique. Irrigation was done with sodium hypochlorite, EDTA, and distilled water, and the canals were obturated using F3 gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. After sealing, the samples were incubated at 37°C for 8 hours. For all groups except the control, 3 mm of coronal gutta-percha was removed to make space for the intraorifice barrier

Results: This study evaluated the fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular premolars restored with different intraorifice barrier materials, including Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC), Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC), Zirconomer, Nanohybrid Composite, Biodentine, and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). The primary objective was to determine the most effective material in reinforcing root canal-treated teeth and preventing fractures. The findings revealed that Zirconomer and Biodentine exhibited the highest fracture resistance, followed by Nanohybrid Composite. Conventional GIC and RMGIC provided moderate reinforcement, while MTA demonstrated the lowest resistance. The control group, without any intraorifice barrier, exhibited the weakest structural integrity, underscoring the necessity of using

intraorifice barriers to enhance the mechanical strength of endodontically treated teeth. From a clinical perspective, Zirconomer and Biodentine are highly recommended for posterior teeth due to their superior strength and ability to withstand occlusal forces. Nanohybrid Composite serves as a viable option for anterior teeth, where esthetics is of a prime concern. conventional GIC and RMGIC offer the advantages of fluoride release, making them beneficial in cases where additional cariostatic effects are needed. MTA, despite its bioactive properties, showed limited mechanical reinforcement and may be best suited for applications, prioritizing biological sealing rather than fracture resistance. This study has certain limitations, as it was conducted in vitro, which does not fully replicate intraoral conditions such as occlusal forces, saliva exposure, and thermal changes. Additionally, the long-term durability and degradation of these materials over time were not assessed. Future research should focus on clinical trials under real-life conditions, along with the development of advanced bioactive materials that enhance both mechanical and biological properties

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study confirms that intraorifice barriers play a crucial role in enhancing the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Zirconomer, Biodentine, and Nanohybrid Composite emerged as the most effective materials, significantly improving tooth strength and longevity. Their routine incorporation into endodontic treatment protocols is essential for ensuring long-term success and structural stability of treated teeth. Further research should continue exploring material innovations and assessing their long-term clinical effectiveness

Comparative Evaluation Of Efficacy Pertaining To Different Irrigation Regimes Viz. Ethylene-Diamine-Tetraacetic Acid, Peracetic Acid, Etidronic Acid, Distilled Water On The Push-Out Bond Strength Of Various Resin Based Sealers Like Adseal, Dia-Proseal, Ep

2025-07-19T06:49:01+00:00

Aim: This study aims for comparative evaluation of the efficacy of EDTA, PAA, HEBP, Distilled water on push-out bond strength of Resin based sealers at three different root levels of endodontically treated mandibular premolars.

Materials and methods: The study utilized 100 freshly extracted mandibular single-rooted premolars collected from patients aged 20–45 years through the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and dental outreach camps of New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Bilaspur. Teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons and meeting inclusion criteria—single canals, intact apices, no caries, cracks, restorations, or severe anatomic variations—were cleaned and stored in normal saline. After decoronation at the cementoenamel junction to standardize length to 15 mm, access cavities were prepared, and working lengths were determined using an apex locator. Root canal instrumentation was carried out using Protaper Universal rotary files up to size F3.

Results: The current study revealed a significant impact by the chemicals contained in irrigating solutions on bond strength to dentine in a push-out test of an epoxy resin sealer. Furthermore, sealing ability and bond strength strongly correlated with each other.

Conclusion: Mandibular premolars were tested in this study to evaluate the Push-Out Bond Strength of various sealers. AH Plus sealer, regarded as the gold standard, consistently showed superior bond strength across all root levels. Epoxy sealers outperformed Adseal, Dia-Proseal, and RC Seal in this aspect. Among the irrigation agents, EDTA and HEBP demonstrated significantly higher bond strength compared to PAA and distilled water, with AH Plus consistently exhibiting better performance than all other sealers. Notably, AH Plus showed the highest bond strength at the apical third, followed by the coronal and then the middle third. In contrast, EpoxySeal, Adseal, Dia-Proseal, and RC Seal displayed the highest bond strength at the apical third, followed by the middle and least at the coronal third. These findings highlight the superior efficacy of EDTA and HEBP, particularly in enhancing the apical bond strength of AH Plus, suggesting the need for further long-term clinical studies using similar irrigation protocols and sealers to confirm these results

A Comparative Evaluation Of Positional Accuracy Of Parallel Implant And Three Angulated Implants Using Open Tray Technique: An In Vitro Study

2025-07-19T06:54:16+00:00

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate and compare the positional accuracy of parallel implants and angulated implants placed at 15°, 20°, and 25° using the open tray impression technique.

Objective: The objectives of this study are to evaluate and compare the positional accuracy of parallel implants with angulated implants placed at 15°, 20°, and 25°, using polyether as the impression material and pattern resin as the splinting material. Specifically, the study aims to assess the accuracy of parallel implants against each angulated group individually and to compare the differences in positional accuracy among the three angulated groups to determine the effect of increasing implant angulation on impression precision.

Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge at Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar. It aimed to evaluate the accuracy of implant positioning across different angulations using a Visual Coordinate Measuring Machine (VCMM).A total of four custom-made acrylic resin test models were fabricated using a standardized silicone edentulous maxillary mold. Each model was processed with heat-cure acrylic resin to ensure uniformity in dimensions. Six implants were placed bilaterally in each model at the lateral incisor, first premolar, and second molar regions using a surgical guide to standardize positioning and angulation. A micromotor was employed to control implant angulations accurately.In Model 1, all implants were placed parallel to each other and perpendicular to the horizontal plane. In Model 2, the lateral implants were inclined mesiobuccally at 15°, the premolar implants remained upright, and the molar implants were distally inclined at 15°. Model 3 followed the same configuration as Model 2, but with 20° inclinations, while Model 4 had 25° inclinations at the lateral and molar sites, with upright premolars. Once implant placement was complete, open tray impression copings were secured to the implants and splinted with dental floss and pattern resin to maintain their relative positions. A total of 21 impressions were taken for each test model using the open tray technique. Custom trays were fabricated for each impression, and tray adhesive was applied to the intaglio surface prior to impression making with polyether material. Master casts were poured using Type IV dental stone and were allowed to set for 60 minutes before retrieval and trimming.

Results: In this study, a total of 84 samples were equally distributed among four groups. Each group—Group I, Group II, Group III, and Group IV—comprised 21 samples, accounting for 25% of the total sample size. This equal distribution ensured consistency across all study groups for comparative evaluation.

For Group I, the mean inter-implant distances were recorded at various points. The distance between points A and B ranged from 23.17 mm to 25.91 mm, with a mean of 25.03 mm and a standard deviation of 0.63 mm. The distance from B to C had a minimum of 13.20 mm and a maximum of 15.00 mm, with a mean value of 14.16 mm and a standard deviation of 0.46 mm. From C to D, the distances ranged between 22.96 mm and 24.95 mm, showing a mean of 24.22 mm and a standard deviation of 0.58 mm. Lastly, the distance from B to D varied between 32.59 mm and 36.12 mm, with a mean distance of 34.71 mm and a standard deviation of 0.91 mm.Bottom of Form

Conclusion: Implants placed at higher angulations—such as 25 degrees or more—can lead to significant discrepancies in the positional accuracy of multiple implants on the definitive cast. This deviation often compromises the passive fit of the

final prosthesis, especially in full-arch rehabilitations such as All-on-4 and All-on-6. A lack of passive fit can result in mechanical complications, increased stress on the prosthetic components, and reduced long-term success of the restoration. To achieve an accurate and stable passive fit, implant angulations in All-on-4 and All-on-6 cases should ideally range between 15 and 20 degrees. Positional inaccuracies within this range are generally manageable using standard angled abutments. However, when implant angulation exceeds 25 degrees, corrections become more complex and require custom CAD/CAM abutments or specialized multi-unit abutments. Although cone-shaped multi-unit abutments offer a solution for correcting angulation and improving parallelism, they present certain limitations. The most notable drawback is the use of a very small prosthetic screw, which can be difficult to handle and tighten securely. In cases of poor alignment, additional manufactured caps and securing screws may be needed to achieve a passive prosthetic bridge fit—adding to both technical complexity and financial costs.

Therefore, to minimize such challenges and ensure optimal prosthetic outcomes, clinicians are recommended to limit implant angulations to below 25 degrees in full-arch restorations. This approach simplifies prosthetic planning, enhances passive fit, and improves overall treatment predictability and patient satisfaction

A Comparative Study of Cervical Length Measurement by Ultrasound Versus Digital Examination for Predicting Preterm Labor in Low-Risk Population

2025-07-19T07:09:34+00:00

Background: Preterm birth remains a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early identification of women at risk for preterm labor is crucial for timely intervention. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of cervical length measurement by transvaginal ultrasound versus digital examination in predicting preterm labor in a low-risk population.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 240 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies between 20-24 weeks of gestation without prior history of preterm birth. Cervical length was assessed by both transvaginal ultrasound and digital examination at enrollment and at 28 weeks. Participants were followed until delivery, with preterm birth (delivery before 37 completed weeks) as the primary outcome. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for both methods. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine optimal cut-off values.

Results: The overall preterm birth rate was 8.75% (21/240). The mean cervical length by ultrasound was significantly shorter in women who delivered preterm compared to those who delivered at term (28.3±4.2 mm vs. 36.5±3.9 mm, p<0.001). Digital examination had lower accuracy in estimating cervical length compared to ultrasound (r=0.42, p<0.001). For prediction of preterm birth, a cervical length <30 mm by ultrasound at 20-24 weeks had a sensitivity of 76.2%, specificity of 82.4%, positive predictive value of 29.1%, and negative predictive value of 97.3%. In contrast, digital examination had a sensitivity of 38.1%, specificity of 68.4%, positive predictive value of 10.4%, and negative predictive value of 92.1%.

Conclusion: Transvaginal ultrasound measurement of cervical length is superior to digital examination for predicting preterm labor in low-risk women. A cervical length <30 mm at 20-24 weeks gestation can effectively identify women at risk for preterm birth, allowing for closer surveillance and timely interventions.

Evaluation Of Laparoscopic Versus Open Appendectomy In Terms Of Recovery Time, Complications, And Hospital Stay: A Cross-Sectional Study

2025-07-19T07:23:38+00:00

Background: Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies worldwide. While open appendectomy (OA) has been the gold standard treatment for over a century, laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has gained popularity in recent decades. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the outcomes of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in terms of recovery time, postoperative complications, and duration of hospital stay.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, KAHER's J.G.M. Medical College, Hubballi, from January 2023 to December 2023. A total of 120 patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: 60 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (LA group) and 60 underwent open appendectomy (OA group). Demographic data, operative time, postoperative pain scores, analgesic requirements, time to oral intake, complications, length of hospital stay, and time to return to normal activities were recorded and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results: Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic characteristics and severity of appendicitis. The mean operative time was significantly longer in the LA group (58.35 ± 12.42 minutes) compared to the OA group (42.18 ± 9.75 minutes) (p<0.001). However, the LA group demonstrated significantly reduced postoperative pain scores (Visual Analog Scale scores of 3.2 ± 1.1 vs. 5.4 ± 1.3, p<0.001), lower analgesic requirements (1.2 ± 0.5 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7 doses, p<0.001), shorter time to oral intake (14.6 ± 4.3 vs. 21.8 ± 6.2 hours, p<0.001), reduced wound infection rates (3.3% vs. 15%, p=0.026), shorter hospital stay (2.1 ± 0.8 vs. 4.2 ± 1.4 days, p<0.001), and earlier return to normal activities (12.3 ± 3.2 vs. 18.7 ± 4.6 days, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Despite longer operative times, laparoscopic appendectomy offers significant advantages over open appendectomy in terms of reduced postoperative pain, lower analgesic requirements, decreased wound infection rates, shorter hospital stay, and quicker return to normal activities. These findings support the use of laparoscopic appendectomy as the preferred approach for the management of acute appendicitis

Efficacy of Intravenous Infusion of Lignocaine on Bowel Function Recovery and Postoperative Pain After Major Abdominal Surgery

2025-07-19T07:29:23+00:00

Background: Postoperative ileus and pain remain significant challenges following major abdominal surgeries, prolonging hospital stays and increasing morbidity. Intravenous lidocaine has emerged as a potential adjunct to enhance recovery and reduce opioid requirements. This study evaluated the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine infusion on bowel function recovery and postoperative pain management in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at six KAHER institutes in Hubballi, North Karnataka. Five hundred sixty patients aged 18-60 years undergoing major abdominal surgeries were randomized to receive either intravenous lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion) or an equal volume of normal saline from induction of anesthesia until 24 hours postoperatively. Primary outcomes included time to first flatus, first bowel movement, and tolerance of oral diet. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores, analgesic consumption, length of hospital stay, and complications.

Results: Patients receiving lidocaine experienced significantly faster return of bowel function compared to controls, with shorter time to first flatus (mean 52.8±14.6 vs. 74.3±18.2 hours, p<0.001), earlier first bowel movement (mean 72.4±16.8 vs. 96.5±22.4 hours, p<0.001), and earlier tolerance of solid food (mean 64.2±15.6 vs. 86.7±19.8 hours, p<0.001). Lidocaine-treated patients reported lower pain scores at rest and during movement at all time points up to 72 hours postoperatively (p<0.001). Total opioid consumption was reduced by 35% in the lidocaine group (p<0.001). Mean hospital stay was significantly shorter in the lidocaine group (5.2±1.7 vs. 7.4±2.3 days, p<0.001). No serious lidocaine-related adverse events were observed.

Conclusion: Intravenous lidocaine infusion significantly improved postoperative bowel function recovery, reduced pain intensity, decreased analgesic requirements, and shortened hospital stay following major abdominal surgery. These findings support the incorporation of intravenous lidocaine into enhanced recovery protocols for major abdominal surgeries

Risk Factors And Prevention Strategies For Surgical Site Infections In Emergency Abdominal Surgery

2025-07-19T07:34:18+00:00

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a significant burden in emergency abdominal surgery, with incidence rates substantially higher than in elective procedures. This study aimed to determine the incidence of SSIs following emergency abdominal surgery, identify modifiable risk factors, and evaluate the effectiveness of current prevention strategies in our institutional setting.

Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted from January 2023 to June 2024 at KAHER's JGMM Medical College, Hubballi. Adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing emergency abdominal surgery within 24 hours of admission were included. Patients were monitored for SSI development using CDC criteria during hospitalization and at follow-up visits (1 week, 2 weeks, and 30 days postoperatively). Demographic data, preoperative parameters, intraoperative details, and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors.

Results: Among 252 patients enrolled, 41 (16.3%) developed SSIs, with 27 (65.9%) being superficial, 11 (26.8%) deep, and 3 (7.3%) organ/space infections. Open surgical approach (OR=4.78, 95% CI: 2.16-10.59, p<0.001), prolonged operative time >120 minutes (OR=3.21, 95% CI: 1.48-6.97, p=0.003), contaminated/dirty wounds (OR=2.87, 95% CI: 1.31-6.28, p=0.008), and preoperative albumin <3.0 g/dL (OR=2.63, 95% CI: 1.22-5.67, p=0.014) were identified as independent risk factors. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated pathogen (58.3%), with 76.4% showing resistance to the prophylactic antibiotics administered. The mean length of hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with SSI compared to those without (14.7±3.2 vs. 7.3±1.8 days, p<0.001).

Conclusion: The incidence of SSI following emergency abdominal surgery remains high, with identifiable modifiable risk factors. Implementation of targeted prevention strategies addressing surgical technique, operative duration, and preoperative optimization may reduce SSI rates and improve patient outcomes.

Comparison of Warm Sitz Bath and Ice Therapy for Postoperative Management After Hemorrhoidectomy

2025-07-19T07:39:34+00:00

Background: Hemorrhoidectomy is a common surgical procedure for grade 3 and 4 hemorrhoids, often associated with significant postoperative pain and wound healing challenges. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of warm sitz bath and ice therapy in postoperative pain management and wound healing after hemorrhoidectomy.

Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted at KLE Co-operative Hospital and affiliated KAHER institutes in Hubballi, North Karnataka. One hundred twenty patients (60 in each group) aged 18-75 years with grade 3 or 4 external hemorrhoids undergoing Ferguson's hemorrhoidectomy were randomized to receive either warm sitz bath or ice therapy postoperatively. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and wound healing was evaluated using the REEDA scale (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation) at 24 hours, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included analgesic consumption, patient satisfaction, and time to return to normal activities.

Results: Patients in the ice therapy group experienced significantly lower pain scores at 24 hours (mean VAS: 5.2±1.3 vs. 6.8±1.5, p<0.001) and 3 days (mean VAS: 3.8±1.1 vs. 4.9±1.3, p<0.001) compared to the sitz bath group. However, the sitz bath group demonstrated better wound healing parameters at 7 days (mean REEDA score: 3.1±0.9 vs. 4.2±1.1, p<0.001) and 14 days (mean REEDA score: 1.2±0.6 vs. 2.3±0.8, p<0.001). Analgesic consumption was significantly lower in the ice therapy group during the first 3 days (p=0.002), while patient satisfaction scores were comparable between groups at the end of the follow-up period (p=0.346).

Conclusion: Ice therapy provides superior early postoperative pain control and reduces analgesic requirements following hemorrhoidectomy, while warm sitz bath promotes better wound healing in the later recovery phase. A sequential approach of ice therapy in the immediate postoperative period followed by warm sitz bath after 3-4 days may optimize both pain management and wound healing outcomes

Standardization And Analytical Profiling Of A Selected Polyherbal Formulation For Osteoarthritis

2025-07-19T07:52:39+00:00

The present study focuses on the development and evaluation of a polyherbal formulation comprising Anethum graveolens, Cedrus deodara, Piper longum (fruit and stem), Embelia ribes, and Saindhava lavana, traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The formulation was subjected to detailed pharmacognostic and physicochemical assessments, including organoleptic evaluation, foreign organic matter analysis, ash values, extractive values, and fluorescence tests. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of significant levels of phenols and tannins.

To evaluate the anti-arthritic efficacy, the formulation was tested using Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Key parameters such as paw volume, joint diameter, arthritic score, body weight, nociceptive and thermal hyperalgesia thresholds, hematological indices, and inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, RF, ALP, ALT, AST) were measured. The treated groups exhibited a significant reduction in inflammatory and arthritic symptoms compared to the arthritic control group, alongside normalization of hematological and biochemical markers. The results indicate a potent anti-arthritic effect, likely due to the synergistic action of the bioactive phytoconstituents present in the formulation.

This study supports the therapeutic potential of the polyherbal formulation as a safe and effective alternative for managing rheumatoid arthritis and calls for further exploration in preclinical and clinical settings

Management Of Bilateral Cleft Lip And Palate In A New-Born By Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding

2025-07-19T09:04:40+00:00

Management of cleft lip and palate involves a multidisciplinary approach including a team of doctors. The dental surgeons play a vital role in ensuring an outcome which is both esthetic and functionally advantageous to the patient. Presurgical infant orthopaedics was introduced in the 1950s as an adjunct to surgical procedures. Many modifications have been proposed to this concept. Presurgical Nasoalveolar molding technique manipulates the immature nature of the nasal cartilages and the alveolar bone to bring about changes in the morphology of the cleft lip and palate prior to surgery. This technique molds the nasal cartilages and the dentoalveolar arches and has many benefits. It decreases the need for secondary surgeries and the amount of scar tissue present is also negligible. In this article, we present a case of bilateral cleft palate with cleft lip in a new born baby, managed with Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding before surgical correction.

Surgical Management of Malunited Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture: A Case Report

2025-07-19T09:16:24+00:00

Introduction: The zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) is a critical structural component of the midface, contributing to both facial aesthetics and function, particularly in maintaining orbital integrity. Fractures of the ZMC are common in high-impact trauma, such as road traffic accidents, and can lead to significant cosmetic and functional deficits if not managed appropriately.

Case Presentation: An 18-year-old male presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery with complaints of facial asymmetry and restricted mouth opening following a road traffic accident 20 days prior. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a frontozygomatic suture fracture, infraorbital rim fracture, and malunion of the zygomatic arch. Surgical correction was carried out using a lateral brow incision, intraoral vestibular approach, and a stab incision over the arch. The malunited segments were re-fractured, anatomically reduced, and fixed with titanium miniplates.

Discussion: Accurate diagnosis, surgical planning, and proper access to fracture sites are crucial for optimal results in ZMC fracture management. Literature supports multi-point fixation and emphasizes minimal scarring with intraoral approaches. Surgical expertise and tailored treatment plans significantly influence functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Conclusion: Timely intervention with appropriate surgical techniques can effectively restore facial symmetry and function in ZMC fractures. Rigid fixation using miniplates and strategic incisions offers a reliable approach to managing complex malunited midfacial injuries.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Blood Culture Positive Typhoid Fever

2025-07-19T11:05:19+00:00

Background:

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is a major cause of typhoid fever, a leading health problem in low and middle income countries. Rising antibiotic resistance makes for tough effective treatment that highlights the need for better information on local antibiotic sensitivity patterns to manage.

Objective:

To asses antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Blood Culture Positive Typhoid Fever

Materials and Methods:

This cross sectional study was conducted at Saidu Medical College during June 2022 to August 2024. Patients with confirmed blood culture-positive typhoid fever were selected. Blood samples were collected and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the standard disc diffusion method, targeting commonly prescribed antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin. Sensitivity and resistance rates were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

Mean age was 26.45 ± 15.74 years and mean duration of fever was 9.72 ± 6.97 days.The analysis of antibiotic sensitivity patterns among 132 blood culture-positive typhoid cases reveals varied effectiveness across the antibiotics tested. Azithromycin demonstrated the highest sensitivity, with 122 cases (92.4%) sensitive and only 10 cases (7.6%) resistant, making it the most effective treatment option. Meropenem showed 100% sensitivity across all cases (132), indicating its potential as a highly reliable choice, though typically reserved for severe cases due to its broad-spectrum activity.

Conclusion:

Results of this study highlights the changing patterns of antibiotic sensitivity in typhoid fever, and emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring and updated guidelines of antibiotic use. Third generation cephalosporins are preferred treatment (with caution regarding fluoroquinolone use due to high resistance rates), the findings suggest

Association of Glycated Hemoglobin Level and Postoperative Complications in General Surgical Procedures

2025-07-19T11:12:22+00:00

Background: Elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels have been identified as a significant risk factor for postoperative complications. Understanding the relationship between preoperative HbA1c and surgical outcomes is critical for improving perioperative care in diabetic patients.

Objective: To evaluate the association between HbA1c levels and the incidence of postoperative complications in diabetic patients undergoing general surgical procedures.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the DG Khan Medical College, from June 2023 to June 2024. A total of 341 diabetic patients who underwent elective and emergency surgical procedures were included. Data were collected on patient demographics, comorbidities, preoperative HbA1c levels, and postoperative complications. Glycemic control was classified as good (HbA1c ≤7%) or poor (HbA1c >7%). Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square tests, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.54±18.77 years, with a mean BMI of 26.72±4.97 kg/m² and mean HbA1c level of 8.75±1.94%. Postoperative complications were significantly higher in patients with poor glycemic control (64.8%) compared to those with good glycemic control (20.0%) (p < 0.001). No statistically significant associations were observed with age, sex, obesity status, duration of diabetes, or smoking status.

Conclusion: Poor preoperative glycemic control, as indicated by elevated HbA1c levels, is strongly associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications in diabetic patients. Effective glycemic management prior to surgery is crucial for optimizing outcomes.

Efficacy of Clinical Scoring in Diagnosing Malaria

2025-07-19T11:19:14+00:00

Introduction: Malaria is one of the most widespread and deadly infectious diseases globally, primarily caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Objective: The main objective of the study is to find the efficacy of clinical scoring in diagnosing malaria in patients.

Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted at Niazi Medical and Dental College, Sargodha during June 2023 to July 2024. The study involved 185 patients presenting with symptoms of fever and other malaria-associated clinical features at the healthcare facility.

Results: Data were collected from 185 patients, with a mean age of 32.4±3.71 years, ranging from 5 to 65 years. The majority of participants were adults aged 13–45 years (64.9%), while children (≤ 12 years) comprised 16.2%, and older adults (≥ 46 years) accounted for 18.9%. Of the total participants, 56.8% were male, and 43.2% were female. A significant portion had a travel history to malaria-endemic areas (45.9%), and 37.8% had a history of previous malaria. Common presenting symptoms included fever (100%), chills (75.7%), and headache (67.6%), while physical findings such as splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were observed in 21.6% and 13.5% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion: It is concluded that the clinical scoring system is a highly effective tool for diagnosing malaria, demonstrating excellent sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. It can serve as a reliable screening method, especially in resource-limited settings, where laboratory diagnostics may not always be readily available.

Outcome and Complications of Phacoemulsification Combined with Pars Plana Vitrectomy

2025-07-19T11:24:53+00:00

Background: Phacoemulsification combined with pars plana vitrectomy is a widely used surgical technique for managing coexisting anterior and posterior segment pathologies. However, the procedure can lead to significant intraoperative and postoperative complications that impact clinical outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes and complications associated with phacoemulsification combined with pars plana vitrectomy.

Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Bakhtawar Amin College, Multan, over a period of six months from January 2024 to June 2024. A total of 196 patients underwent phacoemulsification combined with pars plana vitrectomy. The mean age of the patients was 47.93 years (SD ± 12.381). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured preoperatively, at 1 month, and at 12 months postoperatively. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were documented, and statistical analyses were performed to assess differences in IOP and complications.

Results: The mean preoperative IOP was 14.65 mmHg (SD ± 3.693). Postoperatively, the mean IOP increased to 16.80 mmHg at 1 month and slightly decreased to 16.31 mmHg at 12 months, with statistically significant differences at both time points (p = 0.000 and p = 0.002, respectively). Most intraoperative complications were mild, with the lens capsule remaining intact in the majority of cases. Scleral sutures were frequently required, and postoperative complications included mild anterior segment reaction and fibrin presence. While complications were largely manageable, specific findings necessitate careful surgical technique and diligent postoperative care.

Conclusion: Phacoemulsification combined with pars plana vitrectomy is a safe and effective procedure. However, the need for close monitoring of IOP and management of certain complications is essential to optimize outcomes

Comparison of Nebulized Versus Systemic Corticosteroid for Management of Children Presenting with Acute Exacerbation of Asthma

2025-07-19T11:30:48+00:00

Introduction: Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in children, characterized by inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production in the airways, which leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.

Objective: The main objective of the study is to find the comparison of nebulized versus systemic corticosteroids for the management of children presenting with acute exacerbation of asthma. Methodology: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted at Department of Pediatric Medicine, Multan Medical & Dental College from March 2023 to September 2024. A total of 240 pediatric patients, aged 2 to 12 years were included in the study. Data were collected at baseline (upon presentation) and at multiple time points during treatment (12, 24, 48 hours, and discharge). The clinical severity of asthma exacerbations was assessed using the Pediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS).

Results: Both groups had a comparable mean age (6.4 ± 3.2 years vs. 6.3 ± 3.1 years, p = 0.75) and similar asthma severity as measured by the Pediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS) (10.2 ± 2.5 vs. 10.1 ± 2.3, p = 0.85). Baseline respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and gender distribution were also similar between the groups, with no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05 for all comparisons).At 48 hours, 85% of patients in the systemic corticosteroid group showed significant clinical improvement (PASS <4), compared to 68% in the nebulized corticosteroid group (p = 0.01), indicating a greater proportion of patients achieving symptom resolution in the systemic group.

Conclusion: It is concluded that systemic corticosteroids provide more rapid clinical improvement and faster symptom resolution compared to nebulized corticosteroids in children with acute asthma exacerbations.

Evaluation Of Platelet Indices as A Diagnostic Tool for Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis

2025-07-21T06:44:21+00:00

Neonatal sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential to initiate prompt treatment. Platelet indices have emerged as accessible and cost-effective markers for the early detection of sepsis in neonates. To evaluate the diagnostic utility of platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) in the early identification of neonatal sepsis. This randomized prospective study was conducted over 18 months (2023–2025) in the Neonatal Division of the Department of Paediatrics and the Department of Haematology at the Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Lucknow. A total of 200 neonates were enrolled, including 100 with suspected or confirmed sepsis (cases) and 100 age-matched healthy neonates (controls). All participants underwent clinical examination and laboratory investigations, including complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet indices (PC, MPV, PDW), and blood culture. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Septic neonates exhibited significantly higher rates of fever (94% vs. 44%), respiratory distress (89% vs. 58%), and feeding intolerance (88% vs. 48%) compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Thrombocytopenia (1.5 lakh/µL) was observed in 86% of cases and 24% of controls. Elevated MPV (>10.8 fL) and PDW (>19.1) were significantly associated with sepsis (p < 0.0001). Platelet count alone showed 86% sensitivity and 76% specificity. When PC, MPV, and PDW were combined, specificity improved to 83.9%, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 81.3%. Platelet indices, particularly when assessed together, offer valuable support in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Their routine availability and affordability make them suitable for integration into standard sepsis screening protocols

Study of the effect of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin on the progress of pregnancy and histomorphological structure of the ovaries of white rats

2025-07-21T06:57:13+00:00

The article is devoted to the study of changes in the course of pregnancy and final outcomes against the background of the introduction of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin to pregnant female white rats, as well as morphohistological changes developing in organs against the background of the introduction of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. The results of the studies showed that the duration of pregnancy in pregnant females receiving cyclophosphamide at a dose of 10 mg / kg decreased by 27.1% compared with the control group, the prenatal weight of animals decreased by 39.3% compared with the control group, and the postnatal weight decreased by 33.4%. The difference between prenatal and postnatal weight was 56.8%. The number of cubs decreased by 40.6%, and their weight by 43.9% compared with the number of cubs in the control group. When cyclophosphamide was prescribed at a dose of 20 mg / kg, the changes that occurred in the mother and offspring during pregnancy were more serious. In pregnant rats given doxorubicin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg twice a week from the 8th day of pregnancy, the duration of pregnancy was 18.5% shorter compared to females in the control group, the prenatal weight of the animals decreased by 28.2% compared to the control group, and the postnatal weight by 29.9%. The difference between prenatal weight and postnatal weight was 25.4%. The number of pups also decreased by 29.8% compared to the number of pups in the control group. The birth weight of pups also decreased by 27.3% compared to the control group. These parameters decreased more significantly with the introduction of doxorubicin at a dose of 5 mg/kg. In pregnant rats given cyclophosphamide at a dose of 10 mg/kg and doxorubicin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg from the 8th day of pregnancy for 1 week, the duration of pregnancy was reduced by 50.5%. The prenatal weight of the animals decreased by 50.2% compared to the control group, and the postnatal weight by 47.7%. The difference in prenatal and postnatal weight was 57.6%. A decrease in the number of pups by 90.1% was noted. The weight of the pups at birth also decreased by 50.7%. Against the background of the combined administration of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 20 mg/kg and doxorubicin at a dose of 5 mg/kg, the pregnancy did not end normally, and since the birth of cubs was not observed, the number of cubs was not determined, and since cubs were not born, it was not possible to determine their weight. When studying the histomorphological changes developing in the ovaries against the background of the administration of cytostatics to female rats for a week, it was shown that destructive changes, leukocyte infiltration and cellular edema are observed in the organs

Correction of unaesthetic Gummy Smile

2025-07-21T11:08:26+00:00

Introduction Excessive gingival display commonly refers to “gummy smile” is an aesthetic concern for patient. It is a multifactorial condition in which an overexposure of the maxillary gingiva (>3mm) is present during smiling. Lip repositioning is a simple surgical procedure to treat ‘gummy smile’.

Objective;The report aimed lip repositioning technique to decrease the amount of excessive gingival display in patients with gummy smile.

Methodology: Under LA, an incision is given in the depth of vestibule, borders are marked, a partial thickness flap is raised from left maxillary first molar to the right maxillary first molar at the mucogingival junction. Two incisions were joined and strip of partial thickness flap has been removed exposing the underlying connective tissue. These two incisions were closed using interrupted suture.

ResultsThe repositioning of the lip is more coronal position narrowing the vestibular depth with restricted muscle pull, with competent lips. The excessive gingival display was decreased to 2mm without relapse.

Conclusion; Lip repositioning procedure is an effective way of reducing the EGD. However, long-term stability of the results needs to be seen. None the less, this procedure appears to be a promising alternative treatment option for excessive gingival display.

Prevalence of tumors, mandibular prognathism, irreversible pulpitis and complete edentulism in a known population

2025-07-21T11:15:36+00:00

Background: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of tumors, mandibular prognathism, irreversible pulpitis and complete edentulism in a known population.

Material and methods: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of tumors, mandibular prognathism, irreversible pulpitis and complete edentulism in a known population. The study comprised of 100 subjects. All the subjects had been explained about the procedure and were asked to give consent. All the subjects agreed to give consent and hence all the subjects had been included in the trial. The subjects had been clinically examined. The findings had been noted down and data were analysed using SPSS software.

Results: In this study, there were 16 subjects who had tumors. 9 of them had odontogenic tumors and 7 of them had non-odontogenic tumors. Mandibular prognathism was seen in 23 subjects. Irreversible pulpitis was seen in 29 subjects and edentulism was seen in 32 subjects. Hence, the prevalence of tumors, mandibular prognathism, irreversible pulpitis and edentulism in this study was 16%, 23%, 29% and 32%. There were 56 males and 44 females in the study.

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the prevalence of tumors, mandibular prognathism, irreversible pulpitis and edentulism was 16%, 23%, 29% and 32%, respectively

Multidisciplinary Oral Rehabilitation of a Kennedy Class I Partially Edentulous Patient Using Corticobasal Implants with Immediate Functional Loading: A Case Report

2025-07-21T11:22:40+00:00

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Efficacy Of Low-Level Laser Therapy To Reduce Intensity Of Pain In Fixed Orthodontic Treatment-A Prospective Study

2025-07-21T11:28:25+00:00

Introduction: Pain and discomfort frequently arise as complications during fixed orthodontic treatment. Low-level laser therapy has previously been introduced as an alternative approach for alleviating orthodontic pain. Hence the present clinical prospective cohort study evaluates the effect of using LLLT & lidocaine in reducing intensity of pain in fixed orthodontic treatment ie elastomeric separators and initial archwire.

Materials & methods: A total sample of 85 patients (12-26 years) who needed fixed Orthodontic appliance placed, In the first quadrant, LLLT and lignocaine gel in combination was used. In the second quadrant, only the anesthetic was used. Third quadrant as placebo. In the fourth quadrant, only the LLLT. Pain Evaluation via VAS. The participants were being followed up at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours. After elastomeric separator were removed bonding done and initial archwire was given, laser irradiation was done in upper maxillary arch and control in lower mandibular arch and pain values were recorded.

Results: Moderate pain was in L+A group, severe pain in control group (14%). Initial arch wire was given, NRS scale and VNS scale at 6 hrs where control group experienced worst pain when compared to laser group. At 24 hrs moderate level of pain in control group and no pain in laser group. In 48 hrs mild pain was seen in laser group and moderate in control group. In 72 hrs no pain was felt in laser group and higher in control group.

Conclusion: LLLT with anesthetic gel proved to effective in reduction in spontaneous, chewing pain with patient satisfaction after the application of Orthodontic forces

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Gokshur (Tribulus terrestris) in the Management of Amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis)

2025-07-21T11:45:38+00:00

The current research aims to assess the effectiveness of Gokshur (Tribulus terrestris) kwatha in comparison to Amavata. Madhava Nidana was the first to provide a detailed account of Amavata. He dedicated an entire chapter to describe the aetio-pathology, clinical characteristics, and classifications based on Dosa-Pradhanya and Sadhya-Asadhyata of Amavata (M. N. 25). Amavata can be likened to Rheumatoid arthritis, which is a chronic, systemic inflammatory polyarthritis that predominantly impacts the small diarthrodial joints of the hands and feet in a symmetrical manner. For the first time in the literature, Cakradatta elaborates on the principles and treatment protocols for Amavata, utilizing an effective combination of medications. Subsequent authors in their works, including Chikitsa sarasamgraha (Vangasen), Yogaratnakara, Bhavaprakash, and Bhaisajya ratnavali, have discussed the condition along with treatment strategies and the incorporation of additional formulations such as decoctions, tablets, and powders

Correlation Between Nutritional Deficiencies (E.G., Iron, Zinc) And Lymph Node Cytology Patterns: Study In Hilly Area Of Uttarakhand

2025-07-21T11:51:05+00:00

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly of iron and zinc, are prevalent in resource-limited regions and have known effects on immune function. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between nutritional deficiencies and cytological patterns observed in lymph node aspirates from patients in the hilly region of Uttarakhand.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 234 patients with peripheral lymphadenopathy who underwent fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and serum nutritional assessment. Cytological patterns were classified as reactive hyperplasia, granulomatous lymphadenitis, suppurative inflammation, or neoplastic. Serum iron and zinc levels were measured, and associations between deficiencies and cytological patterns were analyzed statistically.

Results: Iron deficiency was present in 53.8% of patients, zinc deficiency in 44.4%, and both deficiencies in 30.8%. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (41.9%) and granulomatous lymphadenitis (33.8%) were the most common cytological findings. A statistically significant correlation was found between iron deficiency and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (p < 0.01), while no significant correlation was observed for zinc deficiency with specific patterns, though a higher frequency of granulomatous changes was noted in zinc-deficient individuals.

Conclusion: Iron and zinc deficiencies are common among patients with lymphadenopathy in hilly regions. Iron deficiency is significantly associated with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, suggesting an immune-modulatory influence on cytological response. Nutritional profiling may enhance diagnostic interpretation and guide holistic patient management in endemic and underserved populations

Factors Influencing Compliance With The Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among Staff In The National Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory of Timor-Leste

2025-07-21T12:04:51+00:00

The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in microbiology and clinical pathology laboratories is essential to safeguard laboratory staff from occupational hazards such as infectious agents, chemicals, and toxic substances. Despite its importance, non-compliance remains a persistent issue, particularly in the National Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory of Timor-Leste. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing compliance with PPE usage among laboratory staff in Timor-Leste. This research employs a cross-sectional design with a mixed-methods approach, integrating the collection, analysis, and "mixing" of quantitative and qualitative data at various stages within a single study. The study population consists of a quantitative group, which includes all workers in the Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory, and a qualitative group comprising the Laboratory Director, Department Heads, lab technicians, administrative staff, and cleaning personnel. The quantitative sample size consists of 30 respondents, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection methods include questionnaires and in-depth interviews with qualitative participants. Pearson correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between knowledge (p-value = 0.118, PR = 1.45; 95% CI = 0.85–2.50; r = 0.292), training (p-value = 0.796, PR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.50–1.80; r = 0.049), and PPE availability (p-value = 0.406, PR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.40–1.60; r = -0.157) with compliance to PPE usage. These findings highlight the need for enhanced supervision and enforcement of regulations, the provision of adequate and high-quality PPE, and continuous occupational health and safety training

Comparison of the effectiveness and general synthesis of EMS, heat, and air massage combined with EMG single application

2025-07-21T18:35:28+00:00

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A Systemic Disquisition on Pancreatic Neoplasia in all age groups: An Exhaustive Appraisal of Diagnostic Stratification, Histopathological Paradigms, and the Multimodal Oncotherapeutic Spectrum based on 13 high end studies

2025-07-22T09:03:29+00:00

Pancreatic neoplasms represent one of the most insidious and biologically aggressive oncological entities, often eluding early detection and exhibiting dismal prognostication despite evolving molecular and therapeutic frontiers. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from 13 pivotal, high-impact studies to elucidate the diagnostic modalities, histopathological intricacies, and advanced oncologic treatment modalities—including chemotherapeutic regimens, molecular-targeted therapies, and surgical innovations—in pancreatic malignancies. Through comprehensive analysis, this review seeks to integrate clinical, histomolecular, and therapeutic determinants into a cohesive algorithm for contemporary management

Formulation And Evaluation of Etoposide Nanosponges

2025-07-22T10:00:17+00:00

The main objective of the study is to formulate Etoposide Nanosponges. The nanosponges were prepared by Emulsion solvent diffusion method using various concentrations of Eudragit and Ethyl cellulose. An ideal drug therapy attains effective drug concentration at the target site for a specified period of time and minimizes general and local side effects. To obtain a desirable therapeutic response, the correct amount of drug should be transported and delivered to the site of action with subsequent control of drug release.Nanosponges are made of microscopic particles with few nanometers wide cavities, in which a large variety of substances can be encapsulated. These particles possess the ability to carry both lipophilic and hydrophilic substances and thereby improving the solubility of poorly water soluble molecules. The prepared nanosponges were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitrodrug release. The prepared nanosponges using Ethyl Cellulose an Eudragit have the average particle size was found to be 192.6 nm and 100.81nm which are lesser than 5µm, zeta potential was found to be -15.2mV and -23.4mV respectively. The formulatedEtoposide nanospongescanbeused inthetreatment ofcancersuchasleukemiaandothercancers.This canbe targeted to the cancerous cells and produce sustained drug delivery which in turn reduces the dose, frequency of administration and the side effects.

Formulation and Characterization of Methotrexate Loaded Nanotubes for Rheumatoid Arthritis

2025-07-22T12:11:31+00:00

The goal of this work was to developed and characterize multiwall carbon nanotubes conjugated with dexamethasone. Fourier transform infrared was used to confirm that the dexamethasone was conjugated to amidated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Both pristine and functionalized MWCNTs were loaded with methotrexate, which was then thoroughly described in vitro. Dexamethasone conjugated MWCNTs were shown to have a high drug entrapment efficiency. It was discovered that the in vitro drug release from the formulation of pristine MWCNTs and dexamethasone coupled MWCNTs was 57.81 ±1.2 and 65.23 ± 1.4% in 24 hours, respectively, in PBS (pH 7.4)

Lifestyle Risk Factors And Their Association With Diabetes And Hypertension In A Community Population: Cross Sectional Study

2025-07-23T08:43:26+00:00

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, are emerging as critical public health issues in semi-urban and rural communities. These conditions are largely driven by modifiable lifestyle risk factors such as physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary patterns, tobacco and alcohol use, and inadequate sleep. Early identification of these risk factors and their association with disease prevalence is vital to developing effective community-based prevention strategies. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 410 adults aged 30 years and above residing in the Rural Health Training Center (RHTC), Sansarpur, Lucknow. Data collection involved structured interviews capturing sociodemographic details, lifestyle habits, and known medical history. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, and blood pressure was measured using standardized protocols. Fasting blood glucose was assessed using a glucometer. The diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes was based on established clinical criteria. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to evaluate associations between lifestyle factors and disease status. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was found to be 34.1% and 23.7%, respectively. Significant associations (p < 0.05) were observed between these conditions and high BMI, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption. These findings highlight the urgent need for lifestyle interventions targeting behavior modification. Strengthening community-level awareness and preventive health services could substantially reduce the growing burden of NCDs in similar populations.

Advances In Gene Therapy For The Treatment Of Genetic Cardiovascular Disorders

2025-07-23T09:16:47+00:00

Background: Gene therapy has emerged as a promising treatment modality for various genetic disorders, including genetic cardiovascular diseases. These disorders, which are often inherited and lead to significant morbidity and mortality, have traditionally been managed through pharmaceutical interventions and lifestyle modifications. However, gene therapy presents a potential shift in treatment strategies, offering the possibility of addressing the root genetic causes of these disorders. This study aims to explore the current advancements in gene therapy for treating genetic cardiovascular disorders, examining its effectiveness, ethical considerations, and future prospects.

Objective: The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness and potential of gene therapy as a treatment for genetic cardiovascular disorders. The study seeks to understand the benefits, challenges, and ethical concerns related to the application of gene therapy in clinical settings. Additionally, the research examines the perceptions and expectations of participants regarding the future role of gene therapy in the treatment of genetic cardiovascular diseases.

Methods: A survey-based research methodology was employed, targeting 130 participants with varying levels of familiarity with gene therapy and cardiovascular diseases. The survey included quantitative and qualitative questions, designed to gather data on participants' knowledge of gene therapy, their confidence in its effectiveness, perceived benefits, challenges, and ethical views. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics for quantitative responses and thematic analysis for qualitative feedback.

Results: The results indicated that a significant portion of participants were familiar with gene therapy, but there were varying levels of confidence regarding its effectiveness. The majority of participants identified potential for a cure and improved quality of life as the primary benefits of gene therapy. However, concerns regarding ethical considerations and the lack of long-term data were prevalent. A substantial portion of respondents expressed optimism about the future role of gene therapy in treating genetic cardiovascular disorders, particularly if personalized approaches are adopted.

Conclusion: Gene therapy holds substantial promise for the treatment of genetic cardiovascular disorders, with potential benefits including long-term efficacy and the possibility of a cure. However, challenges such as ethical concerns, regulatory issues, and the need for more robust long-term data remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. The future of gene therapy in this field will likely depend on overcoming these obstacles and further developing personalized treatment protocols. The findings suggest that while gene therapy is still in its experimental stages, it has the potential to revolutionize the treatment landscape for genetic cardiovascular disorders.

Advancements In Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning For Early Cardiovascular Risk Prediction And Diagnosis

2025-07-23T09:29:12+00:00

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a leading cause of death globally, with early detection being crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies have emerged as powerful tools for predicting cardiovascular risk and enhancing early diagnosis. Despite the growing interest in AI/ML applications in healthcare, the extent to which these technologies impact cardiovascular health prediction and diagnosis remains underexplored.

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of AI and ML in predicting cardiovascular risk and enabling early diagnosis. The research seeks to assess how AI/ML can contribute to improving diagnostic accuracy, identifying high-risk patients, and facilitating personalized treatment options in the context of cardiovascular health.

Methods: An online survey was administered to a diverse group of 160 respondents, including healthcare professionals, data scientists, and the general public. The questionnaire was designed to capture participants' awareness of AI/ML in healthcare, their confidence in AI's ability to predict cardiovascular risks, and their perceptions of the benefits and challenges associated with AI/ML technologies in healthcare. The survey included both quantitative (Likert-scale) and qualitative (open-ended) questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis to identify key themes and insights.

Results: The findings indicate that a majority of respondents (80%) believe AI/ML to be effective in predicting cardiovascular risks, with most participants acknowledging its potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes. However, several challenges, including data privacy concerns (50%) and lack of skilled professionals (45%), were highlighted as barriers to widespread AI adoption. Additionally, 65% of respondents expressed high trust in AI for healthcare decision-making, although many emphasized the need for human oversight. The study also found that AI/ML has significant potential in reducing cardiovascular mortality and improving the overall quality of care through early diagnosis and personalized treatment plans.

Conclusion: This study underscores the promising role of AI and ML in predicting cardiovascular risks and early diagnosis. While most participants recognized the benefits of these technologies, barriers such as data privacy, cost, and the need for skilled professionals remain challenges to their implementation. Future research should focus on overcoming these barriers and developing more [1]healthcare professionals to effectively integrate AI/ML tools into clinical practice.

Recognition of Human Emotions Using Advanced Deep Neural Networks

2025-07-23T11:02:30+00:00

Human emotion recognition systems have become an important component in various fields such as healthcare, education, security and mainly in human-computer interaction. Facial emotions are a form of nonverbal communication a person may use that provides additional meaning to verbal communication. An efficient system is required to understand these emotions and use them in further decisions and research. This paper is based on a system that is able to detect human emotions in real time using real cameras. This system integrates deep learning models with computer vision, which extracts unique features from the data provided to detect emotions in real time and also understand and respond to emotions accordingly.

Lumber Disc Herniation in Adult and Low Back Pain: Prospective Study in Bangladesh

2025-07-23T11:25:06+00:00

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent health issue globally, often attributed to lumbar disc herniation (LDH), which can severely affect individuals' quality of life and productivity. In Bangladesh, the increasing incidence of LBP due to LDH poses significant health and socioeconomic challenges, yet limited research exists on the factors influencing this condition within the local population. Objective: This prospective study aims to investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of LDH among adults experiencing LBP in Bangladesh, focusing on demographics, occupational backgrounds, lifestyle factors, and the effectiveness of treatment modalities. Method: Conducted over a specified period, this study enrolled 100 adults aged 30 years and above presenting with LBP symptoms confirmed by MRI. A structured questionnaire collected demographic data, pain characteristics, and occupational histories. Standardized pain scales quantified symptom severity, and statistical analysis, including odds ratios (OR), assessed the relationship between demographic factors and LDH prevalence. Results: Among the participants, 60.5% reported continuous pain, primarily exacerbated by activities such as walking (65.2%) and bending (74.3%). The cohort exhibited a male predominance (58%) and the highest LDH prevalence in the 50-59 age group (OR 2.1, p = 0.04). MRI findings confirmed that the L4/L5 disc level had the highest incidence of herniation types, with protrusions being the most common. Conclusion: This study underscores the critical association between age and the development of LDH, particularly in middle-aged adults. The results indicate a need for targeted pain management strategies and further exploration of demographic influences on LDH among Bangladeshi patients. Understanding these factors can enhance clinical practices and inform future research on LBP and LDH management.

Clinical And Hematological Profile Of Patients With Dengue Fever At A Tertiary Care Hospital – An Observational Study

2025-07-24T08:40:05+00:00

Background: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms typically begin 3-14 days after infection. This may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash.

Aim: Objective of this is to evaluate the clinical and hematological characteristics of dengue patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among patients with positive dengue serology results for NS1, IgM, and IgG. A total of 200 dengue cases that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination findings were recorded, hematological and biochemical parameters tests were done

Results: In our study, the incidence of dengue fever common in males (56%) compared to females (44%). Majority of patients (38%) were in the age group 21-40 years. Out of total 70% patients were diagnosed to have DF, 24% DHF and 6% patients were diagnosed to have DSS based on WHO criteria. NS1 were positive in 64% of patients. Common clinical manifestations were fever (100%) followed by headache (80%), joint pain (65%), myalgia (53%), vomiting (43%), and retro-orbital pain (33%). Hemetemesis/Malena (20%), petechiae (15%), epitasis (7%) and bleeding gums (6%) was the common bleeding manifestations. Leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and high hematocrit were the common hematological parameters in dengue.

Conclusion: Most common clinical presentation of Dengue fever is of fever. The most common laboratory abnormalities are of an increase in hematocrit, low total leucocyte count and low platelet count. Early diagnosis and prompt management of dengue can prevent complications

A Comparative Study on Wound Healing with Topical Phenytoin 50mg/ml And Betadine 10% As Dressing Agents in Diabetic Foot Ulcers

2025-07-24T08:46:49+00:00

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers represent a significant clinical challenge with substantial morbidity and healthcare burden. Various topical agents have been employed to enhance wound healing, with phenytoin and betadine showing promising therapeutic potential. This study compared the efficacy of topical phenytoin 50mg/ml versus betadine 10% in promoting healing of diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted involving 120 patients with diabetic foot ulcers, randomized into two groups of 60 patients each. Group A received topical phenytoin 50mg/ml dressing, while Group B received betadine 10% dressing. Primary outcomes included time to complete healing, granulation tissue formation, and epithelialization rate. Secondary outcomes encompassed bacterial load reduction and patient compliance.

Results: The phenytoin group demonstrated significantly faster healing with mean time to complete healing of 18.4±4.2 days compared to 26.7±5.8 days in the betadine group (p<0.001). Complete granulation tissue formation occurred in 85% of phenytoin-treated ulcers versus 63.3% in the betadine group (p=0.007). Bacterial load reduction was significantly greater in the phenytoin group (p=0.003), with no significant adverse effects observed in either group.

Conclusion: Topical phenytoin 50mg/ml demonstrated superior efficacy compared to betadine 10% in promoting diabetic foot ulcer healing, with faster granulation tissue formation, epithelialization, and bacterial load reduction. These findings support phenytoin as an effective therapeutic option for diabetic foot ulcer management.

Comparative Evaluation Of The Efficacy And Frequency Of Intraoperative And Postoperative Complications In The Treatment Of Mandibular Calculi By Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery And Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy

2025-07-24T10:34:57+00:00

The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness and frequency of intraoperative and postoperative complications in the treatment of lower renal calyx stones using retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRX) and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PerkNL). 79 patients were included in the study, of which 41 patients underwent CPR and 38 underwent CPR. The degree of stone removal (stone-free rate, SFR), duration of surgery and hospitalization, frequency of complications (on the Clavien-Dindo scale), as well as the need for repeated interventions were assessed. PerkNL demonstrated a higher rate of complete rehabilitation from stones (92.1% versus 78.0% for RIRH, p < 0.05), but was accompanied by a higher incidence of complications, including bleeding and the need for blood transfusions. At the same time, RIRX showed less invasiveness, shorter hospital stay (on average 2.1 days versus 4.6 days), and a favorable safety profile. Repeated interventions were required more often after the RIRH (14.6% vs. 2.6%).PerkNL provides a higher effectiveness in the treatment of stones of the lower calyx of the kidney, especially if their size is more than 20 mm, but it is associated with greater traumatism. RIRX can be considered as the preferred method in patients with stones <15 mm and favorable anatomy of the pelvic system

Formulation And Evaluation of Pergularia Daemia Ointment by Leaf Extract

2025-07-24T11:05:38+00:00

The study formulates and evaluates an herbal ointment using Pergularia daemia leaf extract for wound healing and antimicrobial use. The extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, enhancing therapeutic effects. Results show strong antimicrobial action, wound contraction, and epithelization, supporting its potential as a natural alternative. Clinical trials are needed for further validation

An Evidence-Based Case Study on the Successful Non-Surgical Treatment of Bilateral Varicocele

2025-07-24T11:28:35+00:00

Varicocele is characterized by abnormal dilatation and tortuosity of the veins within the pampiniform plexus of the spermatic cord. It is a relatively common clinical condition associated with scrotal pain, swelling, testicular atrophy, and infertility. Although classical Ayurvedic texts do not describe "varicocele" directly, its presentation can be closely correlated with Siraja Granthi of Vrushana Kosha (scrotal venous swelling). According to Ayurvedic principles, the vitiated Vata Dosha compresses (Sampeedya), contracts (Samkochya), and dries (Vishoshya) the venous channels, resulting in the formation of Granthi (vascular swelling or cyst-like structure). In modern medicine, surgical intervention is often considered the primary mode of treatment. However, Ayurveda offers promising non-surgical alternatives. This case study presents the management of a 30-year-old male patient who attended the Panchakarma OPD of Govt. Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Hospital, Ujjain, with complaints of scrotal pain and swelling persisting for five months.

The patient was treated with Jalaukavacharana (leech therapy), Shamana Chikitsa (palliative therapy), and Patra Bandhana (herbal bandaging). A total of six sittings of Jalaukavacharana were administered. Significant reduction in symptoms, particularly pain and swelling, was observed after the second session itself.

This case highlights that therupetic effect of Jalaukavacharana is a safe, cost-effective, and highly beneficial therapy for the management of varicocele. It provides an effective non-surgical option within the scope of Ayurvedic clinical practice

Opioid based versus opioid free general anaesthesia in laparoscopic surgeries: A Randomised double blinded clinical study

2025-07-24T11:47:19+00:00

Background: To mitigate the adverse effects associated with opioid use, opioid-free multimodal analgesic approaches are being investigated. Opioid-free anaesthesia may improve postoperative recovery by minimising opioid-related complications

AIM:To compare the effects and postoperative outcome for participants receiving opioid-based versus opioid-free general anaesthesia in laparoscopic surgeries.

Methodology: This randomised double-blinded clinical trial included 82 patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery, allocated into two equal groups (n = 41 each).

Group A: (opioid-free) received a combination of Dexmedetomidine (0.3 mcg/kg), lignocaine (1 mg/kg), ketamine (0.2 mg/kg).

Group B :(opioid-based) received fentanyl 10mcg/ml during induction.

Depth of anaesthesia and hemodynamic parameters were monitored intra and post operatively. Postoperative pain was assessed using VAS scores and the time to first rescue analgesia along with incidence of postoperative side effects was recorded.

Results: Group A had significantly lower MAC of Sevoflurane (0.92 ± 0.12) compared to Group B (1.34 ± 0.15) (p < 0.001). Postoperative VAS scores at all time points (1h to 12h) were significantly lower in Group A. Time to first analgesic request was delayed in Group A, with fewer rescue analgesics required.Opioid-free anaesthesia group also had fewer side effects like nausea and vomiting.

Conclusion: Opioid-free anaesthesia using a multimodal regimen is a safe and effective alternative to opioid-based anaesthesia in laparoscopic surgeries. It offers comparable intra operative stability and postoperative pain control, with fewer postoperative side effects.

Cross-Salt Extrapolation in the European Union: Regulatory, Scientific, and Strategic Considerations

2025-07-24T12:00:26+00:00

Cross-salt extrapolation—the scientific and regulatory practice of bridging non-clinical or clinical data from one salt form of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to another—has gained increasing relevance within the European Union (EU) as pharmaceutical developers seek more efficient product development pathways. This approach holds particular significance in generic drug development, line extensions, and lifecycle management, where re-characterizing an API salt variant can impose substantial time and resource burdens. However, the absence of dedicated EU-level guidelines for cross-salt extrapolation has created a fragmented regulatory landscape, leading to case-by-case assessments and variable expectations across Member States.

This article critically examines the scientific rationale and regulatory landscape surrounding cross-salt extrapolation in the EU, including guidance from the European Medicines Agency (EMA), EFSA, and national competent authorities. It delves into the mechanistic and physicochemical considerations that underpin extrapolation viability -such as solubility, dissociation, exposure metrics, and target engagement – whilst also exploring how in-vitro, in-silico, and read-across methodologies are leveraged to justify extrapolation.

Furthermore, it discusses strategic considerations for pharmaceutical companies, including risk mitigation, dossier planning, and regulatory communications during procedure selection (CP, DCP, MRP). Through an integrated regulatory – scientific lens, this article proposes a structured approach for enabling cross-salt extrapolation within current EU paradigms and offers recommendations to enhance scientific consistency and regulatory predictability in this under – addressed yet increasingly relevant domain.

Surrogacy Explored: The Impact on Carriers and Their Experiences Internationally

2025-07-25T05:03:15+00:00

Surrogacy is an essential fertility intervention for persons encountering medical issues or infertility, including same-sex couples and single males. This study examines the psychological, physical, and socio-cultural aspects of surrogacy in several worldwide contexts, including the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, and India. The study contrasts altruistic and commercial surrogacy models, emphasizing the emotional and mental health outcomes of surrogate mothers and exposing differences shaped by cultural, legal, and financial variables. Significant studies reveal that surrogacy experiences can be advantageous, as numerous surrogates sustain rewarding connections with intended parents; nonetheless, challenges such as stigma, mental health hazards, and exploitation remain prevalent. The document examines the ramifications for infants conceived through surrogacy, focusing on birth outcomes and possible psychological effects. This comparative analysis recommends for enhanced laws and support systems for surrogates, highlighting the necessity for complete legal frameworks that protect their rights and welfare.

Evaluation of Single Tooth Dental Implants Ten Years Survival Rate. A Clinical and Radiolographic study

2025-07-25T06:50:12+00:00

Aim: The aim of the study is to compare early loaded versus delayed loaded implants after ten years of placement.

Materials and Methods: Among 14 patients who underwent implant placement three patients from delayed loaded category and three patients from early loaded category were available for evaluation of dental implants after ten years. The parameters like plaque index, gingival index, thickness of peri-implant mucosa, probing pocket depth and radiographic bone loss was measured around the dental implants. These readings were compared with baseline and after ten years in both delayed loaded implants and early loaded implants.

Results: In both early loaded category and delayed loaded category the parameters like plaque index, gingival index, implant mobility and radiographic bone loss increased from baseline to 10 years but was not significant. Thickness of peri- implant mucosa increased in early loaded category only. Probing pocket depth increased significantly in both early and delayed loaded category.

Conclusion: The study showed that both delayed loaded implants and early loaded implants did not show any significant difference in their durability and function even after 10 years of implant placement.

Anatomical Variation of Right Coronary Artery: A Retrospective Coronary Angiographic Study

2025-07-25T09:35:37+00:00

Background: The right coronary artery (RCA) plays a crucial role in cardiac perfusion, and its anatomical variations can have significant diagnostic and therapeutic implications, particularly in coronary interventions and cardiac surgeries. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of anatomical variations in the RCA based on coronary angiographic findings in a tertiary care center.

Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted over a 2-year period, involving 500 patients who underwent coronary angiography for various clinical indications. Demographic details, RCA origin, course, branching pattern, and dominance were recorded and analyzed using standard angiographic views. Data were expressed as frequencies and percentages.

Results: The majority of patients were male (65.6%), with most participants aged between 46 and 60 years (39.2%). A normal origin of the RCA from the right aortic sinus was observed in 93.6% of cases. Anatomical variations included high origin from the ascending aorta (2.8%), separate conus branch origin (2.0%), origin from the left coronary sinus (0.8%), and pulmonary artery origin (0.8%). Right coronary dominance was most common (82.4%), followed by left (10.4%) and co-dominance (7.2%). Normal RCA morphology was present in 87.6% of cases, with variations such as early branching (5.6%), duplication (2.4%), myocardial bridging (1.6%), and ectopic origin (2.8%) observed. The leading indications for angiography included chronic stable angina (39.6%), acute coronary syndrome (24.8%), ST-elevation myocardial infarction (21.2%), and preoperative evaluation (14.4%).

Conclusion: Anatomical variations of the RCA, though uncommon, are clinically relevant and must be recognized during diagnostic and interventional procedures. Awareness of these variations can aid in accurate diagnosis, procedural planning, and improved patient outcomes.

Knowledge and Practice Regarding Menstrual Hygiene among School Going Adolescents of Sulaimani city

2025-07-25T17:01:25+00:00

Background and Objectives: Menstrual hygiene (MH) is a crucial aspect of adolescent health, impacting both physical and mental well-being. This study aimed to evaluate MH knowledge and practices among school-aged adolescents in Sulaimani City, Iraq.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2025, involving 195 female students aged 12–16 years from three randomly selected private schools. Participants were chosen through a two-stage random sampling process. Data were collected using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, menstrual history, knowledge about menstruation, and hygiene practices.

Results: Among 195 adolescent girls (mean age: 13.78 ± 0.911 years), 61% (n=119) began menstruation at 12–13 years. Prior menstrual knowledge was reported by 59% (n=115), with mothers as the primary source (52.8%, n=103). Initial reactions included fear (31.3%, n=61) and embarrassment (39%, n=76). Hygiene practices: 66.7% (n=130) knew to change pads every 4 hours, and 90.3% (n=176) emphasized handwashing. Menstrual discomfort affected 72.3% (n=141) in class, with 63.6% (n=124) reporting academic impacts. Age, maternal education, employment, and household economics influenced hygiene practices.

Conclusion: The knowledge and understanding of various menstrual aspects among the girls were moderate, with nearly 50% demonstrating adequate understanding of menstruation. Their practices and behaviors related to MH were generally satisfactory. Menstruation and its associated processes negatively impacted the comfort and participation of many adolescents in school and educational activities.

Risk Factors and Impact of Urinary Incontinence Among Menopausal Women in Sulaimani City: A Cross-Sectional Study

2025-07-25T17:06:56+00:00

Background and Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) significantly affects the quality of life (QOL) in menopausal women. This study aimed to evaluate UI prevalence, and risk factors impact among menopausal women in Sulaimani City.

Methods: A cross-sectional design enrolled 200 menopausal women (45–65 years) via purposive sampling. Data on socio-demographic, reproductive, and medical factors were collected through validated questionnaires. Chi-square tests and Pearson’s correlation analyzed associations between variables and UI severity.

Results: The most prevalent severity of UI among women was moderate, observed in 101 (50.5%) menopausal women. This was followed by severe incontinence in 52 (16%) women, and mild incontinence in 47 (25.5%) women. There was a direct and significant relationship between age, change in employment status, social status, parity, and the number of vaginal deliveries with the types, degree, and duration of UI (P≤0.001). Conversely, there was a negative and significant relationship between increased age at marriage, increased time since hysterectomy, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infections (UTI), and genital prolapse with the type, severity, and duration of incontinence (P ≤0.005).

Conclusion: As age increased, menopausal women experienced an increase in the type, severity, and duration of incontinence. However, with increased age at marriage, longer time since hysterectomy, diabetes mellitus, UTI, and genital prolapse, the type, severity, and duration of incontinence decreased.

Hand Gesture Control Apps Using Hand Movements

2025-07-25T17:13:46+00:00

This project presents an innovative and touch-free method for controlling a computer using simple hand gestures. With the help of a webcam, users can perform everyday actions—like moving the mouse cursor, clicking, scrolling, or adjusting system settings such as volume and brightness—just by waving or positioning their hands in specific ways. At the heart of this system is Mediapipe, a powerful computer vision library developed by Google. It accurately detects hand landmarks and tracks finger movements in real-time. By analyzing how the fingers are arranged, the program interprets different gestures and converts them into commands for the computer. This gesture-controlled interface not only makes computer interaction more intuitive but also enhances accessibility, especially for individuals with physical limitations or those looking for hygienic, contactless interaction. It's a meaningful step toward making human-computer interaction more seamless, inclusive, and futuristic.

Differential Diagnosis of Biliary Atresia and Other Causes of Neonatal Cholestasis: A 10-Year Clinical Experience

2025-07-25T17:24:24+00:00

Introduction

Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare but severe fibro-obliterative disease of the bile ducts of unknown etiology, manifesting in the neonatal period. According to various sources, its incidence ranges from 1 in 5,000 to 1 in 22,000 live births [1–7]. BA is the leading cause of surgical (obstructive) cholestasis in infants and represents the most common indication for liver transplantation in pediatric patients [8]. Timely performance of the Kasai procedure (portoenterostomy) — preferably before the age of 60–90 days — significantly improves bile flow, slows the progression of fibrosis, and reduces the likelihood of requiring liver transplantation [9, 10]. However, early diagnosis of BA poses a significant clinical challenge, both in resource-limited settings and in well-developed healthcare systems.

The main difficulty lies in differentiating BA from other causes of neonatal cholestasis — such as idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), Alagille syndrome, congenital hepatic fibrosis, cystic transformations of the common bile duct, as well as infections (e.g., CMV) and metabolic disorders [10–15]. All these conditions may present with similar clinical features: prolonged jaundice, acholic stools, and hepatomegaly. Among the biochemical markers of cholestasis, elevated levels of direct bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase are particularly important, although they are not specific and must be interpreted in combination with imaging findings [13].

Abdominal ultrasound (US) remains the primary method for initial diagnosis [16–18]. It allows evaluation of the shape and size of the gallbladder, identification of the "triangular cord sign" at the hepatic hilum, and the exclusion of other bile duct anomalies. However, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound depend on the operator's experience and may be reduced in the early stages of the disease.

Additional diagnostic information can be obtained from magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and hepatobiliary scintigraphy, although the availability of these methods is often limited, especially in resource-constrained countries [19]. In recent years, transient elastography (TE) has been increasingly introduced as a non-invasive method to assess liver stiffness as an indirect marker of fibrosis severity [20, 21]. Given the rapid progression of fibrosis in BA, TE may serve as a valuable diagnostic tool.

It is assumed that combining ultrasound and elastography improves the accuracy of early detection of BA and allows for timely referral for surgical intervention. However, data on the diagnostic effectiveness of this approach in resource-limited settings are still insufficient. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasound and transient liver elastography in the early diagnosis of presumed biliary atresia in children with neonatal cholestasis, based on 10 years of clinical experience.

Objective of the study. To evaluate the diagnostic criteria for biliary atresia (BA) and other causes of neonatal cholestasis in children based on 10 years of clinical experience.

Materials and methods: The retrospective study included 157 neonates and infants with signs of cholestasis who were hospitalized at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics (Tashkent) between 2013 and 2023. The diagnostic algorithm included abdominal ultrasound (US), transient elastography (TE) of the liver, and, when indicated, hepatobiliary scintigraphy and MRI with cholangiography. The diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) was surgically confirmed (via intraoperative cholangiography or liver biopsy) in 43 patients. In 88 other children, BA was considered probable based on a combination of clinical, laboratory, and imaging data. In the remaining patients, other diagnoses unrelated to BA were established using a comprehensive examination, including genetic testing in selected cases.

Results: Presumed biliary atresia (BA) was diagnosed in 131 patients (83.4%), of whom 43 (32.8%) had the diagnosis surgically confirmed. The 'triangular cord sign' on ultrasound was detected in 38.3% of cases, and gallbladder abnormalities were found in 65.5%; however, in 35.8% of patients, the gallbladder appeared morphologically normal. The average liver stiffness value measured by transient elastography (TE) in children with presumed BA was significantly higher than in other forms of cholestasis (p<0.05), especially in patients older than 90 days. Among a subset of six patients who underwent scintigraphy, absence of intestinal excretion of the radiopharmaceutical was observed in all cases; BA was confirmed in four of them. MR cholangiography (n=12) revealed signs of the cystic form of BA, cystic transformation of the common bile duct, and syndromic BA with polysplenia.

Conclusion: The combination of ultrasound examination and transient elastography improves the accuracy of early diagnosis of presumed biliary atresia. However, a comprehensive approach that takes into account laboratory findings and additional imaging methods is crucial for timely differentiation of BA from other causes of cholestasis and for determining the optimal treatment strategy.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Targets

2025-07-26T04:38:02+00:00

Neonatal hypoglycemia is a critical metabolic condition that can severely impair brain development, with mounting evidence pointing to mitochondrial dysfunction as a central mechanism of injury. This study investigates the bioenergetic and structural consequences of hypoglycemia-induced mitochondrial damage in neonatal rats and evaluates the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted therapies. Following insulin-induced hypoglycemia in postnatal day-7 pups, significant reductions in ATP levels (45.3%, p <0.01), oxidative phosphorylation complex I and III activity (39.8% and 33.4%, respectively), and mitochondrial membrane potential (50% loss in JC-1 red/green ratio) were observed. Concurrently, ROS levels increased 2.7-fold and lipid peroxidation rose by 65.2%, accompanied by elevated markers of apoptosis (cytochrome c, caspase-9) and inflammation (NLRP3, TNF-α). Treatment with MitoQ and SS-31 restored ATP levels to over 80% of baseline, reduced ROS by ~40%, and suppressed caspase-9 activation by 55%, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial pathways. These findings provide mechanistic insight into how neonatal hypoglycemia disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and demonstrate that early pharmacological intervention can mitigate ensuing neurodegenerative cascades.

Exercise-Induced Changes In Blood Lactate And Muscle Fatigue: A Comparative Study Between Trained And Untrained Individuals

2025-07-26T04:50:02+00:00

Background: Exercise induces physiological stress, primarily with elevated blood lactate and muscle fatigue during exercise, particularly anaerobic exercise. Trained respondents respond by enhanced lactate clearance and delayed fatigue development, whereas untrained respondents can be characterized by an acute accumulation of lactate. Learning about these distinctions is useful in the maximization of training programs and corporate performance in athletics and rehabilitation.

Objectives: This experiment seeks to determine the feminine differences in plasma lactate versus muscle fatigue rates in untrained subjects and those who are trained during graded exercise to determine the effect of level of training on metabolic stress performance along with recovery kinetics.

Study design: A Prospective Study.

Place and duration of study: Nishtar Medical University Multan, From May 2024 To May 2025

Methods:A graded treadmill exercise was done by twenty (10 trained and 10 untrained) participants. Baseline, peak and post-exercise blood lactate was assessed by finger-prick acivities. Muscle fatigue was measured through isometric handgrip strength and perceived exertion (RPE). A comparison in the lactate reaction of the participants and fatigue thresholds was performed by providing mean values, standard deviation, and independent t-tests, which indicated statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Results: Included applicants were recruited as a sample of 20 participants aged 20-25 years and 10 trained participants (mean 24.6 +/- 2.1 years) and 10 untrained (mean 25.2 +/- 2.4 years). It resulted in the lower peak lactate levels in trained individuals (6.1 +/- 0.8 mol/L) than in untrained individuals (8.4 +/- 1.2 mol/L, p = 0.002). The trained group developed muscle fatigue later (longer handgrip endurance times 52.3 +/- 6.7 sec.) compared to the untrained group (38.5 +/- 5.9 sec., p = 0.001). During recovery, the trained individuals had faster lactate discharge. These distinctions in food patterns imply better metabolism in the trained group.

Conclusion: Individuals trained revealed a greater capacity to utilize lactate, increased resistance to fatigue, and experienced faster recovery. These results hold the significance of the physiological advantages of regular training on lactate metabolism fatigue tolerance. These adaptations are paramount in the plan of more effective fitness and rehabilitation programs. Future studies can also examine how different types and intensity of training, and duration effect the management of lactate dynamics and fatigue limits among various populations

Comprehensive Phytochemical Profiling and Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Centella asiatica Leaves with In Vivo Assessment of Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Efficacy Using Rodent Models

2025-07-26T05:56:02+00:00

Background: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, commonly known as Gotu Kola, has long been utilized in traditional medicine systems for its reputed wound healing, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite widespread traditional use, comprehensive studies integrating detailed phytochemical profiling and in vivo evaluation of multiple pharmacological activities remain limited.

Objectives: This study aimed to (i) perform thorough phytochemical profiling and quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds in C. asiatica leaves, and (ii) evaluate their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer efficacy using rodent models.

Methods: Leaves of C. asiatica were collected, authenticated, and extracted using various solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, aqueous). Phytochemical screening, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for profiling and quantification of key compounds such as asiaticoside, madecassoside, and asiatic acid. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Antioxidant potential was evaluated by measuring hepatic SOD, CAT, GPx activities, and MDA levels after CCl₄-induced oxidative stress. Anticancer efficacy was investigated in a DMBA-induced skin papilloma model.

Results: Ethanol extract showed the highest yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). HPLC analysis confirmed significant amounts of asiaticoside (32.7 ± 1.2 mg/g), madecassoside (27.8 ± 1.0 mg/g), and asiatic acid (22.1 ± 0.7 mg/g). In vivo studies demonstrated significant inhibition of paw edema (61.2 ± 2.1% at 400 mg/kg), enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx), reduced MDA levels, and marked reduction in tumor incidence and volume in the DMBA model.

Conclusion: The findings support the multi-target therapeutic potential of C. asiatica leaf extracts, attributed to their rich triterpenoid and phenolic composition. These results justify further mechanistic studies and clinical evaluation to develop standardized C. asiatica-based formulations for integrative treatment of inflammation, oxidative stress-related disorders, and cancer.

Views of MBBS Students and Healthcare Workers on Quality Improvement in Tertiary Care Hospitals

2025-07-26T06:18:34+00:00

Quality improvement (QI) in healthcare is pivotal for enhancing patient outcomes, safety, and system efficiency. This cross-sectional study explores the perceptions of QI among 100 MBBS students and interns from NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, and 60 nursing staff from Government Medical College, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh. Using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire, we assessed awareness, attitudes, and engagement with QI initiatives. Findings revealed moderate to high awareness among medical students, with interns demonstrating greater familiarity with QI tools such as Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. Nursing staff exhibited practical engagement but limited formal training in QI methodologies. Barriers included lack of structured training, hierarchical constraints, and limited interprofessional collaboration. The study underscores the need for integrated QI education across disciplines and recommends institutional support for capacity building. These insights can inform curriculum reforms and policy-level interventions to foster a culture of continuous improvement in tertiary care settings.

A Case Report On Mild Symptomology -Antiphospholipid Antibody (Apla)

2025-07-26T06:32:13+00:00

Antiphospholipid Antibody (APLA) Syndrome is an autoimmune condition marked by a hypercoagulable state, which predisposes individuals to thrombosis in both arterial and venous vessels throughout the body. This disorder is commonly associated with complications such as thromboembolic events and pregnancy issues. According to population-based studies, the estimated incidence ranges from 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 individuals, while the prevalence is reported to be between 40 and 50 cases per 100,000. APS can present as a primary or as a secondary condition in association with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or other autoimmune diseases. APLA is a diverse and can vary from clinical presentation. Therefore here, a case of 21year old female patient presented with complaints of numbness in left UL for 6 months, neck pain in (R) side. At the age of 5, the patients had medical history of jaundice and the patient had persistent headache and was worsen and Brain MRI showed (L) Thalamic infarct hypoplasia transverse and sigmoid colon. The patient was treated with initial stage of first line medication such as blood transfusion, multivitamin and analgesic medication. Here, I have presented with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome patient with observed minor complication such as splenomegaly, constipation, calcified granuloma which was detected in CT whole abdomen. In MRI with lumbar spine screening showed mild disc bulging with small profusion in the lumbar region.

Case Report: Nasal Cavity Dermoid Cyst A Rare Presentation and Surgical Excision

2025-07-26T06:38:08+00:00

The patient is a 59-year-old female presenting with nasal obstruction and dysphagia, accompanied by nasal masses upon examination. A dermoid cyst, a rare benign tumor often consisting of various tissues such as skin, hair, or sebaceous material, was diagnosed in the nasal cavity. Dermoid cysts in this region are infrequent, making this case particularly significant to existing medical literature. The clinical suspicion of a dermoid cyst was raised based on the patient's symptoms and confirmed by imaging modalities like CT scans. The patient underwent surgical excision of the cyst, followed by histopathological analysis. Post-surgery, the patient had an uneventful recovery with no signs of recurrence. This case emphasizes the importance of early detection and surgical intervention, leading to a positive prognosis and an improved quality of life without recurrence during follow-up.

Promoting Skill-Building Programs for Adolescents and Children with Disabilities

2025-07-26T06:43:36+00:00

The paper explored the Skill-Building Program for adolescents and children with developmental disabilities, a group facing unique challenges despite the proven benefits of such activities for social, emotional, and academic development. Previous studies have found that these children can be supported with infrastructure, stigma, inadequate training for educators and coaches, and limited adaptive programs. The impact of these barriers on children and adolescents' self-esteem and inclusion, while emphasising the need for supportive environments and policies. Adolescents with disabilities face significant barriers that limit their participation in these activities. This review explores the key challenges that hinder their involvement, including physical inaccessibility, institutional and policy limitations, attitudinal barriers, financial constraints, and psychological factors. Studies indicate that inaccessible facilities, lack of inclusive policies, negative societal perceptions, and high costs contribute to the exclusion of students with disabilities from ECAs. These barriers not only restrict their opportunities for social integration but also impact their overall well-being and skill development. Despite increasing awareness of inclusive education, participation rates for adolescents and children with disabilities remain low. Addressing these barriers requires the implementation of inclusive policies, infrastructure improvements, educator training, and community support programs. Recommendations focus on inclusive legislation, technological solutions, community-based initiatives, and greater advocacy through NGOs and global frameworks like the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). This review underscores the importance of multi-sectoral collaboration to ensure equitable access to enriching extracurricular opportunities for all adolescents and children, regardless of ability. This paper noted the need for further research and policy interventions to ensure equal access to extracurricular activities for all children and adolescents', regardless of ability.

A Rare Case Report Of Right Temporal Solitary Fibrous Tumor In A Young Adult

2025-07-26T06:59:12+00:00

Solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs) which was previously classified under hemangiopericytomas (HPF) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that may arise within the cranium. This case describes a 19-year-old male who presented with persistent headache and was diagnosed with an extra-axial right Fronto-temporal SFT. Followed by preoperative embolization the patient under went right frontotemporal craniotomy with subtotal tumour excision. Here, a extremely rare case report of young adult diagnosed with hemangiopericytomas with post right frontotemporal craniotomy and subtotal excision of solitary fibrous tumour.

The Diagnosis and Management of Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma of the Maxilla A Case Report on Partial Maxillectomy with Obturator Fixation

2025-07-26T07:05:50+00:00

Desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) is a rare, benign, but locally aggressive variant of ameloblastoma, a tumor that typically affects the jaw and arises from odontogenic epithelium. DA is characterized by a dense fibrous stroma and is most commonly found in the mandible, although its occurrence in the maxilla is rare. This case report presents our experience with desmoplastic ameloblastoma in the maxilla, focusing on its clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features. The chief complaint was a slowly progressive painless swelling in the right maxillary region, which had been gradually increasing in size over the past 3 years. The medical history was non-contributory with no significant family history. Extraoral examination of the face revealed no facial asymmetry, swelling, or midline bony hard swelling in the face. On intraoral examination, there was a non-tender, immovable swelling. There was no evidence of suppuration or pus discharge. The swelling caused mild dysphagia (difficulty in chewing) and dysarthria (difficulty in pronunciation). Investigations confirmed the diagnosis of desmoplastic ameloblastoma. A CT scan showed an expansile lytic lesion involving the maxilla, and histopathological analysis of the excised lesion indicated a benign clinical course. The patient underwent right partial maxillectomy with obturator fixation, which involved excising the tumor and adjacent structures. The maxillary defect was reconstructed with prosthetic rehabilitation of the maxillary arch. The patient experienced good functional recovery, with improvements in speech and chewing, and there was no evidence of tumor recurrence on follow-up. The patient was satisfied with both the functional and aesthetic outcomes of the procedure

Recurrent Variceal Hemorrhage in Non-Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension with Thymoma-Related Myasthenia Gravis : A Case Report

2025-07-26T07:11:07+00:00

Background: Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) in adults is uncommon and usually is accompanied by portal hypertension but preserved liver function. Its association with thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (MG) presents with distinct therapeutic challenges.

Case Presentation: We present a 33-year-old man with EHPVO and high-risk esophageal varices that needed to be treated with repeated endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). He also had invasive thymoma complicated by MG with high titers of acetylcholine receptor antibodies. The management was done via a multidisciplinary team including hepatology, neurology, and surgery. Beta-blockers and plasmapheresis stabilized the patient before thymectomy.

Conclusion: The simultaneous management of risk of variceal bleeding and MG-associated thymoma underscores the importance of individualized, multidisciplinary care in multisystem disorders.

A Clinical Case Study On Factors Associate With Secondary Amenorrhoea And Homoeopathic Management

2025-07-26T10:26:32+00:00

Secondary amenorrhoea is a common disorder encountered by females of reproductive age group. It is a condition when a female has absence of menses for more than 3 months when she was menstruating regularly or 6 months when she was having irregular menstrual cycles. It may be caused by a variety of reasons like mental stress, physical stress, hormonal imbalance etc. It may be associated with a number of symptoms which together constitute a disease to be cured. Homoeopathic mode of treatment considers totality of symptoms as the basis of prescription which restore the original well being of the patient by removing signs and symptoms of the disease. Along with this homoeopathic medicines remove the underlying pathology. There is a case study of 34 yrs old female with complaint of secondary amenorrhoea to whom Natrum muriaticum was prescribed on the basis of totality of symptoms and rwhich proved to be very effective in improving symptoms of the disease and quality of life of the patient.

Phenotypic detection of Carbapenemase production by combination of Modified Carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and EDTA- Carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) among carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Southern

2025-07-26T10:34:01+00:00

Background: Infections caused by Carbapenem resistant organism are well acknowledged for their detrimental effects on both healthcare facilities and patients. These effects include rise in mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, and increased financial expenses. In addition to this, inappropriate treatment regime worsens the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Carbapenemase production is the most common mechanism of carbapenem resistance, so rapid detection of carbapenemase production is essential to initiate appropriate treatment and to implement appropriate infection control practices to prevent further dissemination. In this study we aimed to identify the carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales by phenotypic methods i.e modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), EDTA- Carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM).

Methodology: It was a cross sectional study and data was collected over a period of 8 months in the Department of Microbiology, in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Southern Rajasthan.100 clinical isolates which were resistant to one of the carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem or ertapenem) by Kirby-Baurer disk diffusion method were included in the study. All these isolates were subjected for carbapenemase detection by phenotypic methods i.e modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and EDTA- carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) and the result were analysed to find out carbapenemase production as per CLSI 2023.

Results: Among 100 CRE isolates, 66% were Klebsiella pneumonia followed by Escherichia coli i.e 34%.Out of these 100 CRE isolates, 94% isolates were mCIM test positive, from which 62% isolates were eCIM test positive. 59%of the total isolates tested were Metallo β-lactamase producers and 35% were serine β–lactamase producers.

Conclusion: we would like to conclude that performing mCIM and eCIM methods on carbapenem-resistant isolates as a routine can help clinicians to choose most appropriate treatment regime. Timely identification and the implementation of effective infection prevention and control measures are crucial in reducing the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) among patients

Benign Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis (BRIC) Case Series

2025-07-26T11:56:46+00:00

Background: Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) is a rare autosomal recessive hepatic disorder characterized by intermittent episodes of cholestatic jaundice, pruritus, and fatigue. Despite alarming biochemical derangements, BRIC does not lead to cirrhosis or chronic liver failure. Due to its self-limiting nature and rarity, it is often underdiagnosed, particularly in developing countries.

Aims: To describe the clinical presentation, laboratory features, imaging, histopathological findings, and therapeutic outcomes in five histologically confirmed cases of BRIC and raise awareness of this underrecognized entity.

Methods:A retrospective case series was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Belagavi, India. Five patients diagnosed with BRIC between 2021 to 2024 were studied. Data were obtained from the Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Records, including demographics, symptoms, liver function tests, imaging (USG and MRCP), histopathology, treatment, and outcomes.

Results:All five patients (4 males, 1 female; age range: 14–24 years) presented with recurrent episodes of jaundice and pruritus. Liver function tests consistently showed cholestatic patterns with elevated direct bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase, and relatively preserved transaminases. Viral, autoimmune, and metabolic causes were excluded. Imaging (USG and MRCP) revealed no biliary obstruction or architectural liver damage. Liver biopsy demonstrated canalicular and intrahepatic cholestasis. All patients responded well to supportive management, including ursodeoxycholic acid and cholestyramine, with resolution of symptoms.

Discussion:BRIC, while benign, can cause significant distress due to recurrent jaundice and itching. The episodic nature, lack of imaging findings, and histology-driven diagnosis necessitate a high index of suspicion. In our series, patients responded favourably to conservative management without long-term complications or disease progression.

Conclusion:BRIC should be considered in young patients presenting with episodic cholestatic jaundice and normal imaging findings. Prompt diagnosis through histopathological confirmation avoids unnecessary interventions. Long-term outcomes are excellent with appropriate symptomatic management and patient counselling

A Rare Case of Ligament Teres Cyst in A Neonate: A Tale of Successful Management

2025-07-26T12:03:49+00:00

Falciform and ligament teres cysts are those arising due to congenital remnants either umbilical vein or mesenchymal elements. Asymptomatic to some extent, but can present directly with complications leading to morbidity and even mortality, hence justifying the need of surgery. Definitive diagnosis is by contrast enhanced computerized tomogram (CECT) and treatment is by open surgery or laparoscopic surgical resection with usually a good outcome. We report a 26-day-old female presenting with abdominal distension and irritability. Imaging revealed a cyst arising from the ligamentum teres. Surgical excision was performed, and histopathology confirmed a benign serous cyst. The infant recovered well and remained asymptomatic at 1-year follow-up. Early diagnosis and surgical management are key to favorable outcomes.

Ensemble-Based Machine Learning Models for Real-Time Traffic Flow Prediction

2025-07-28T05:11:06+00:00

Predicting traffic flow accurately and in real-time is critical in managing traffic and reducing congestion in urban areas. Traditional machine learning algorithms do not always perform well in accurately capturing and predicting the complex, nonlinear, and dynamic nature of real traffic observations and patterns. To improve this aspect of performance, this research offers an ensemble-based machine learning approach that consists of multiple base learners, which improves prediction accuracy and generalizability by combining machine learning models. The ensemble model includes the combined strength of a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), a Support Vector Classifier (SVC), and a CNN-LSTM model that has the capability of addressing both spatial and temporal feature representation from video-based identification of traffic data. The context of the traffic flow prediction model is improved through the model's integration of real-time object detection of traffic frames, as well as incorporating the current weather conditions. Each base learner's predictions are optimally combined through a meta-learner Logistic Regression. The model performance is assessed through multiple evaluation criteria, including Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and R-squared (R²). The experimental results demonstrated that the ensemble-based model surpassed traditional machine learning algorithms, such as Linear Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, Decision Tree, and as well as Support Vector Regression. The ensemble model achieved upwards of 98% prediction accuracy, which was significantly better than any of the traditional machine learning algorithms tested for performance as well. The study demonstrates that ensemble-based learning techniques and multi-source feature integration can produce stable solutions for real-time traffic flow predictions to guide intelligent traffic systems development

The Association Between Clinical Signs and Detection of Congenital Heart Disease by Echocardiography in Neonates: Systematic Review

2025-07-28T05:16:36+00:00

Background: Background and objective: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death in newborns. Accurate clinical examination of neonates and careful auscultation of the heart along with timely echocardiography plays an important role in early diagnosis of heart diseases and starting treatment measures. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the correlation and diagnostic value of clinical signs in predicting echocardiographic findings in neonates.

Patients and Methods: This systematic review was conducted based on PICO Format study design questions according to PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of online databases was conducted, including Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. Full text, English language, peer-reviewed, prospective and retrospective cohort, observational and cross-sectional articles were included if they evaluated the correlation and diagnostic value of clinical signs in predicting echocardiographic findings in neonates.

Main Findings and conclusion: A significant proportion of neonates presenting with heart murmurs or cyanosis had CHD on echocardiography. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus were the most commonly diagnosed anomalies. Clinical examination showed moderate-to-high sensitivity and specificity in detecting CHD. However, echocardiography significantly improved diagnostic accuracy. While targeted echocardiography in symptomatic neonates proved beneficial, routine screening in asymptomatic neonates was associated with an increased rate of clinically insignificant findings. Echocardiography should be employed in neonates with heart murmurs or cyanosis for early detection of CHD. A clinically guided approach is recommended over routine screening to avoid over-diagnosis and unnecessary interventions

Coupled Matrix–Tensor Factorization (Cmtf) And Reinforcement Deep Belief Network (Rdbn) For Fake News Detection In Social Media

2025-07-28T06:57:18+00:00

Social media's quick information-sharing capabilities have made it a popular platform for individuals to interact with one another and exchange ideas. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have been developed for fake news detection on social media, thereby enhancing people's daily lives. It is essential to remove irrelevant features from social media to increase detection accuracy of fake news. High dimensional datasets including content, context, and community-level aspects cannot be handled by effective detection models. In this paper, a novel two-step method has been developed on social media for fake news detection. Initial step, Coupled Matrix–Tensor Factorization (CMTF) method is used to tensor formation. When dealing with labeled data, the class information with factorization procedure is introduced for fake news detection. Second step, Reinforcement Deep Belief Network (RDBN) model is developed for fake news detection. Reinforcement Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RRBM) is created by incorporating the reinforcement learning idea into the trained RBM and Back Propagation (BP) technique for label attachment. Finally the performance of the detection methods has been validated using BuzzFeed and PolitiFact in terms of Precision (P), Recall (R), F1-score (F1), and Accuracy (A)

Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium oxide, Thorium oxide and Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for anti bacterial Applications

2025-07-28T07:02:55+00:00

Metal oxides demonstrate a range of unique properties, such as excellent chemical stability, versatile electrical conductivity, and catalytic abilities. In contrast, mixed metal oxides contain oxygen along with two or more distinct metallic elements. The presence of multiple metals gives mixed metal oxides innovative functionalities and properties that individual metal oxides lack. Titanium oxide and thorium(IV) oxide nanoparticles have attracted significant interest in various scientific and technological fields. This study explores a theoretical approach to synthesizing and characterizing metal oxides, specifically thorium(IV) oxide, titanium oxide, and TTMMO, a mixed metal oxide composed of titanium and thorium. The synthesis of nanoparticles is accomplished using the co-precipitation method with a A microwave reaction system was employed to synthesize nanoparticles, which were then characterized using various analytical techniques including FT-IR, UV-VIS (DRS), FE-SEM, EDAX, AFM, and XRD analysis. XRD analysis confirmed the cubic geometry of ThO₂ and the tetragonal structure of TiO₂ nanoparticles. Titanium oxide, thorium(IV) oxide, and titanium thorium mixed metal oxides (TTMMO) were evaluated for their antibacterial properties against E. Coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus using the disc diffusion technique. Extensive research has been conducted to investigate the exceptional antibacterial activities of these metal oxides and mixed metal oxides

Formulation, Development & Characterization of Gels of Extracts of Butea monosperma & Acacia arabica Linn. & Evaluation of Wound healing Activity

2025-07-28T07:07:43+00:00

The extracts were tested for acute oral and dermal toxicity studies on the basis of OECD guidelines. Normal healthy albino rats were chooses and grouped for the wound healing study. The excision, incision and dead space wounds were implicated on back side of albino rats. In excision wound model extracts were applied topically for 14 days. At the end of study Wound area, % wound closure and day of epitheliazation were calculated.

In incision wound model all extracts were administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. At the end of study tensile strength (Skin breaking strength) was measured with the help of tensiometer.

In Dead Space wound model all extracts were administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. At the end of treatment the wet and dry weight of granulation tissue, hydroxyproline content with % collagen and % elastin level were measured. Some antioxidant parameters like SOD, GSH, and Catalase and lipid per oxidation level also estimated in blood of rats of dead space wound model. Among all extracts ethanolic extract of bark of Acacia arabica and Butea monosperma were found to be most effective in management of delayed wound healing.

The acute (Oral and Dermal) toxicity studies, excision, incision and dead space wound model were implicated for wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Acacia arabica and Butea monosperma with all biophysical and biochemical parameter estimation same described above for examination of extract.

On the basis of above investigations, it is concluded that the ethanolic extract of bark of Acacia arabica and Butea monosperma have effective role in treatment of delayed wound healing in normal albino rats

A Study On Laboratory Services Turn Around Time Process At Private Hospitals In Coimbatore City

2025-07-28T07:14:02+00:00

N\A

Optic Nerve Canal Variations in Relation to Posterior Para Nasal Sinus In Indians: A Review-Based Classification Approach

2025-07-28T07:43:24+00:00

Background: The optic nerve canal (ONC), as it travels from the orbit to the cranial cavity, lies in close anatomical proximity to the Posterior paranasal sinus (PNS)—particularly the sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinuses. This relationship is critical during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and skull base procedures. Anatomical variations of the ONC can increase the risk of surgical complications such as optic nerve injury and potential vision loss. Despite the clinical importance, limited data exist on these variations in the Indian population, where ethnic and genetic diversity may influence cranial anatomy. Our study aims to classify variations of the optic nerve canal in relation to posterior PNS in Indian ethnics.

Methods: This review synthesizes findings from multiple computed tomography (CT)-based observational studies focusing on the ONC's course relative to posterior PNS in Indian subjects. The Delano classification system was used to categorize ONC types, and additional anatomical features such as bone dehiscence and anterior clinoid process pneumatization (PACP) were analysed.

Results: Among 300 optic nerve canals reviewed, Type I (no indentation/protrusion) was the most common (65.3%), followed by Type II (18.0%), Type III (9.6%), and Type IV (7.0%). Bone dehiscence was present in 7.3% of canals, most frequently in Type III (27.5%). PACP was found in 14.3%, most common in Type III (34.4%). ONC symmetry was observed in 91.25% of subjects, while asymmetry was noted in 8.75%.

Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need for detailed preoperative imaging and anatomical assessment in Indian patients undergoing sinus or skull base surgeries. The application of a simplified classification system based on CT imaging enhances surgical planning, helps to avoid optic nerve injury and contributes safer clinical outcomes.

Mean performance of parents and hybrids for yield and related traits in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]

2025-07-28T07:49:15+00:00

This study investigates the mean performance for yield and quality traits in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) using a half-diallel mating design involving nine diverse genotypes, which produced 36 F₁ hybrids evaluated over two Zaid seasons (2024 & 2025) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant genotypic variance was observed across 20 traits, encompassing yield and quality parameters. Parental lines displayed distinct strengths: Pant Lauki-3 (P₆) recorded the highest fruit yield (4.81 kg/plant), Kashi Ganga (P₇) excelled in fruit weight (1.08 kg) and Arka Bahar (P₈) exhibited the highest dry matter content (6.19%). Among hybrids, P₂× P₅ emerged as the top performer with a yield of 6.65 kg/plant, showing 45.1% heterosis over the better parent. Notable recombinants included P₆× P₉ (longest fruits and high yield), P₁ × P₇(highest TSS and reducing sugars) and P₃ × P₆(earliest harvest and highest dry matter). Biochemical analysis revealed strong hybrid advantages, with P₆ × P₇ accumulating the highest reducing sugars (2.32%) and P₁ × P₆ leading in non-reducing sugars (1.12%). Genetic analysis indicated additive gene action for vine length and fruit number, while non-additive effects predominated in yield heterosis. Crosses P₂ × P₅, P₁ × P₈, and P₆ × P₉ are recommended for commercial cultivation due to their superior yield, early maturity and enhanced nutritional quality, offering a promising foundation for breeding elite bottle gourd.

Environmental Toxicity and Its Ayurvedic Management Through Agada Tantra: A Comprehensive Review

2025-07-28T10:07:28+00:00

Environmental toxicity has become an alarming public health issue due to increased industrialization, urbanization, and widespread use of synthetic chemicals. Exposure to heavy metals, pesticides, air pollutants, and industrial effluents contributes significantly to chronic illnesses including respiratory diseases, neurological disorders, hormonal imbalances, immune suppression, and even cancer. While modern medicine offers treatments like chelation therapy, it often addresses only the symptomatic aspect, lacking a holistic approach.Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a unique perspective on toxicity through its specialized branch called Agada Tantra, dedicated to the study and management of poisons (Visha). Classical Ayurvedic texts describe various forms of toxins such as Dushi Visha (latent toxins), Garavisha (artificially compounded toxins), and Jangama-Sthavara Visha (animal and plant-based toxins), which can be correlated with modern environmental pollutants.Agada Tantra emphasizes preventive and curative measures, using therapies like Vamana (emesis), Virechana (purgation), Nasya (nasal therapy), and administration of Vishaghna Dravyas (antidotal herbs) such as Guduchi, Haridra, and Shankhpushpi. These treatments aim not only to expel accumulated toxins but also to restore balance and enhance the body’s resilience through Rasayana (rejuvenation) therapies.This review highlights the relevance of Agada Tantra in addressing contemporary environmental toxicity. By integrating Ayurvedic principles with modern toxicology, it offers a comprehensive, preventive, and sustainable model for managing toxin-induced diseases. This holistic approach makes Agada Tantra a promising tool in current environmental health management.

Role of General Principles of AGAD Tantra in Diagnosis and Management of Toxicological Conditions – A Comprehensive Review

2025-07-28T10:12:16+00:00

Agad Tantra, a specialized branch among the eight clinical divisions of Ayurveda, focuses on the study, diagnosis, and management of poisons (Visha) originating from animate, inanimate, and artificial sources. In the contemporary era, the burden of toxicological conditions has surged significantly due to increased exposure to environmental pollutants, pesticide residues, adulterated food, heavy metals, and pharmaceutical drugs. These toxic agents contribute to a wide spectrum of acute and chronic disorders, necessitating integrative approaches to their diagnosis and management.Classical Ayurvedic texts meticulously describe the origin, classification, symptomatology, and therapeutic modalities related to various toxins through concepts such as Visha Utpatti (origin of toxins), Visha Lakshana (clinical features of poisoning), and Shodhana-Upashaya (detoxification and treatment). The principles of Dushi Visha, Garavisha, and Jangama-Sthavara Visha in Agad Tantra offer profound insight into the understanding of slow-acting, compound, and natural poisons, respectively. These principles can be reinterpreted in the context of modern toxicology, providing a foundation for early detection, differential diagnosis, and individualized detoxification therapies.Therapeutic measures in Agad Tantra include the use of Agada Yogas (antidotal formulations), Shodhana Chikitsa (purificatory therapies like Vamana, Virechana, Basti), and Rasayana (rejuvenation) for recovery and immunity enhancement. This review aims to consolidate the general principles of Agad Tantra and analyze their applicability in modern clinical toxicology, proposing a synergistic model that blends ancient wisdom with contemporary scientific insights. Such integrative approaches have the potential to offer holistic, safe, and sustainable solutions in managing toxicological challenges of the present age

Radicular Cyst Masquerading as a Periapical Abscess: A Case Report

2025-07-28T10:17:36+00:00

Background: Most of the inflammatory odontogenic cysts are radicular cysts, which are usually found incidentally on radiographs unless they are secondary infections and are often linked to non-vital teeth.

Introduction: After pulpal necrosis from trauma or caries, these cysts usually develop as a result of persistent periapical inflammation. Larger lesions can cause swelling, pain, or discharge, but they are typically asymptomatic. Two patients with anterior maxillary radicular cysts who both had a history of trauma are the subject of this case study. The diagnosis was made based on aspiration, radiographic results, and clinical evaluation. Apicectomy, surgical enucleation, root canal therapy, and the application of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to aid in healing were all part of the management.

Conclusion: In conclusion, these cases demonstrate how important it becomes to thoroughly evaluate patients with dental trauma both clinically and radiographically. A customized endodontic and surgical treatment plan combined with early diagnosis can may assure the lesion's full healing while avoiding complications. This includes PRF facilitates tissue regeneration and healing. In order to effectively manage radicular cysts and maintain both function and aesthetics, a multidisciplinary approach is still essential.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Disorders and Their Association With Stress and Sedentary Lifestyle in Working Professionals

2025-07-29T05:29:25+00:00

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders represent a significant health burden among working adults, yet the combined impact of occupational stress and sedentary behavior on symptom prevalence remains underexplored.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of GI disorders and to examine their associations with perceived stress and sedentary lifestyle in a cohort of working professionals in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: In this descriptive, cross‑sectional study, 650 working professionals aged 20–60 years were recruited at King Fahad Hospital, Al‑Ahsa. Participants completed the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), the 10‑item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‑10), and the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ). Descriptive statistics summarized sociodemographic data and scale scores. Pearson’s correlation coefficients assessed bivariate associations among GSRS, PSS‑10, and total sedentary time. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, and physical activity to identify independent predictors of overall GSRS score. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: The mean total GSRS score was 15.5 ± 6.2, with 28% of participants reporting moderate‑to‑severe abdominal pain and 31% reporting moderate indigestion. The mean PSS‑10 score was 21.7 ± 6.1, and average daily sedentary time was 8.9 ± 2.3 hours. Perceived stress correlated strongly with total GSRS score (r = 0.52, p < 0.001), while sedentary time showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.25, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, both PSS‑10 score (β = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.13–0.27; p < 0.001) and sedentary time (β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09–0.37; p = 0.001) were independent predictors of GI symptom severity, accounting for 37% of the variance in GSRS scores.

Conclusions: GI disorders are highly prevalent among working professionals and are significantly associated with occupational stress and sedentary lifestyle. Workplace interventions targeting stress reduction and reduced sitting time may mitigate GI symptom burden in this population.

Algebraic Graph Theory and Differential Systems in Predicting Congenital Disorder Progression and Surgical Outcomes in Neonatal Health

2025-07-29T05:43:16+00:00

Congenital disorders are a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Predicting the progression of these conditions and planning effective surgical interventions require the integration of advanced mathematical frameworks. This paper explores the application of algebraic graph theory and differential systems to model and analyze neonatal health networks, focusing on congenital disorders. Algebraic graph theory provides tools for representing complex interactions among anatomical and physiological systems, while differential systems enable the dynamic modeling of disease progression and response to surgical treatment. By combining these two domains, we present a unified mathematical approach that enhances the prediction of outcomes, identifies critical biomarkers, and optimizes surgical planning. The study also discusses computational implementation, clinical validation, and the potential for integration into neonatal decision-support systems. Our findings suggest that this interdisciplinary methodology offers substantial improvements in the precision and personalization of neonatal care.

Topological and Graph-Theoretic Models for Analyzing Pediatric Disease Networks and Surgical Outcomes

2025-07-29T05:54:37+00:00

Pediatric disease analysis requires a comprehensive understanding of how illnesses and treatment responses interact across individuals. Traditional statistical models often fall short in capturing the complexity of such interactions. This paper introduces a topological and graph-theoretic approach to model and analyze pediatric disease networks. We explore how topological data analysis (TDA), graph theory, and network science can be integrated to identify disease patterns, predict outcomes, and optimize surgical interventions. Through case studies and computational simulations, the study reveals how persistent homology, centrality measures, and community detection improve our ability to decode complex disease interactions and surgical prognoses.

Differential Equation Models in Pediatric Growth and Development: An Algebraic and Topological Approach

2025-07-29T06:01:01+00:00

Pediatric growth and development are complex biological processes influenced by genetics, environment, nutrition, and disease. Mathematical modeling offers a structured framework to study these factors. This paper explores differential equation models that capture the dynamics of pediatric growth and development using algebraic and topological tools. Ordinary and partial differential equations are employed to model linear and nonlinear growth patterns, hormonal changes, and the impact of disease. Algebraic structures help in simplifying and solving these models, while topological concepts such as stability, continuity, and fixed-point theorems provide insights into long-term growth behavior and developmental milestones. This interdisciplinary approach aims to enhance prediction accuracy, identify critical developmental thresholds, and support personalized pediatric healthcare.

Anesthetic Management of a Pediatric Patient with Factor VII Deficiency for Emergency Nasal Foreign Body Removal

2025-07-29T07:02:51+00:00

A 3-year-old male child with known Factor VII deficiency presented with recurrent nasal bleeding, decreased oral intake, and sleep disturbances. Nasal endoscopy revealed a foreign body with granulation tissue. Preoperative coagulation profile showed prolonged PT (66.2 sec) and INR (5.61), necessitating fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion before surgery. The child underwent general anesthesia with careful perioperative monitoring. Postoperatively, the child was shifted to ICU for ventilatory support. This case highlights the challenges in managing congenital bleeding disorders in Pediatric emergencies.

To Study the Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Pathogens Isolated from Urine Samples in Icu Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

2025-07-29T12:05:31+00:00

Background: Intensive care units (ICUs) are hotspots for multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, which significantly contribute to patient morbidity and mortality. Prompt identification of pathogens and knowledge of their resistance profiles is essential for empirical therapy and infection control. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the distribution of pathogens from various clinical specimens in ICU patients and to analyze their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, over a defined period. A total of 2,125 clinical samples from ICU patients were processed according to standard microbiological protocols. Identification of isolates was done by biochemical testing, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines (2023) [1]. Results: In the present study out of the 2,125 samples, blood constituted 46%, urine 30%, respiratory 20%, and pus 4%. A total of 285 pathogens were isolated, with respiratory samples showing the highest positivity (46%). The most common organisms were E. coli (24%), Acinetobacter spp. (23%), Klebsiella spp. (13%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10%). Among Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenems (43%), tigecycline (43%), and aminoglycosides (41–42%) were the most effective drugs. Acinetobacter spp. showed high sensitivity to minocycline (68%) and tigecycline (45%) but complete resistance to nitrofurantoin and norfloxacin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa responded well to amikacin (79%) and carbapenems (75%). Gram-positive isolates like S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. were highly susceptible to linezolid (95–100%) and vancomycin (50–78%). Conclusion: The findings highlight a high burden of multidrug-resistant pathogens in ICU settings, with varying resistance patterns requiring continuous surveillance and rational antimicrobial stewardship

Efficacy and Accuracy of Non-Biopsy Serological Diagnosis in Celiac Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Recent Advances

2025-07-29T15:27:10+00:00

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is traditionally diagnosed via duodenal biopsy, but advances in serological testing—particularly anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA) and endomysial antibodies (EMA)—have prompted a shift toward non-biopsy diagnostic protocols, especially in pediatric settings. However, questions remain about the reliability and generalizability of these strategies across populations.

Objective: To evaluate the pooled diagnostic accuracy of non-biopsy serological tests for celiac disease compared to biopsy-confirmed diagnosis, and to assess consistency across different serological thresholds, populations, and testing platforms.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across five databases to identify studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of tTG-IgA, EMA, or DGP serological markers against duodenal biopsy. Data from 12 eligible studies were pooled using a random-effects model. Primary outcomes included sensitivity, specificity, and overall effect size. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using I² statistics, Egger’s regression, and funnel plots.

Results: The meta-analysis yielded a pooled effect size of 0.889 (SE = 0.105; 95% CI: 0.682–1.095), indicating strong diagnostic accuracy for non-biopsy serological testing. Heterogeneity was negligible (I² = 0%, Tau² = 0), suggesting consistency across studies. The Fail-safe N was 291 (p < .001), and Egger’s test showed no significant publication bias (p = 0.340). Serological thresholds ≥10× upper limit of normal for tTG-IgA, especially when combined with EMA or DGP positivity, yielded near-perfect predictive values for biopsy-confirmed celiac disease in both pediatric and selected adult populations.

Conclusions: Non-biopsy serological diagnosis—particularly tTG-IgA ≥10× ULN confirmed with EMA or DGP—demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy and reliability in diagnosing celiac disease. These findings support expanding biopsy-sparing diagnostic protocols beyond pediatrics under defined clinical conditions

Antiparkinson Medication In Ageing Population: Trends And Challenges

2025-07-29T15:32:32+00:00

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects the elderly, causing motor and non-motor symptoms that diminish quality of life. A prospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital examined prescription patterns, medication adherence, and challenges in managing PD among patients aged 60 and above. The study involved 50 participants, 68%of whom were male, with the highest representation (40%) in the 66–70 age group. Common comorbidities included hypertension (82%) and diabetes mellitus (76%). Levodopa-Carbidopa emerged as the most prescribed therapy (73%), followed by dopamine agonists (38%) and MAO-B inhibitors (22%). Polypharmacy was noted in 42% of cases, reflecting the complexity of treatment regimens in older adults. Non-motor symptoms such as cognitive impairment (54%), autonomic dysfunction (46%), and depression (38%) were prevalent, significantly impacting patient well-being. Medication adherence levels varied: 42% of patients demonstrated high adherence, 38% moderate, and 20% low adherence, primarily due to forgetfulness, regimen complexity, and financial issues. These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach in PD management for older people. Strategies such as patient education, caregiver support, and digital health technologies may enhance medication adherence and treatment outcomes.

Furthermore, integrating non-pharmacological therapies and addressing socio-economic barriers are essential for holistic care. Future directions should focus on implementing personalized treatment plans, leveraging digital tools for real-time monitoring, and developing financial aid programs to reduce the burden of disease management. Overall, optimizing care for geriatric PD patients requires coordinated efforts to address the disorder's clinical and psychosocial aspects, ultimately improving their functional independence and quality of life.

A Modified Possibilistic Fuzzy C Means (MPFCM) Clustering based Intrusion Detection Framework for VANETs Using Improved Whale Optimization with Enhanced Deep Neural Networks

2025-07-30T05:54:13+00:00

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) operate in highly dynamic and high-velocity environments, making them especially vulnerable to a wide range of intrusions and malicious attacks. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a hybrid IDS framework that combines multiple state-of-the-art techniques tailored for VANET traffic. Initially a Z-Score Normalization ensures all features share a consistent scale, improving model convergence and preventing domination by outliers in vehicular data. Next, an Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (IWOA) is employed to select the most discriminative feature subset by simulating whale-hunting strategies with adaptive parameters for robust global search in rapidly changing VANET conditions. Then an Improved Deep Neural Network (IDNN) functions as a signature-based classifier, rapidly identifying known intrusions through enhanced architecture, optimization, and regularization. Data classified as normal or inconclusive is then passed to a Modified Possibilistic Fuzzy C Means (MPFCM) clustering based anomaly detection module, leveraging fuzzy logic to isolate novel or zero-day threats that deviate from typical vehicle communication patterns. The framework’s performance is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and f-measure, ensuring a balanced view of both detection thoroughness and correctness. Experimental results demonstrate that this integrated solution achieves high detection rates, low false alarms, and robust adaptability to evolving attack behaviors in VANETs, making it a promising approach to secure next-generation intelligent transportation systems.

Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) Based Data Oversampling And Gaussian Bobcat Optimization Algorithm (GBOA) For Heart Diseases Prediction

2025-07-30T06:00:27+00:00

Early detection of cardiac problems and continuous patient monitoring by physicians can help reduce death rates. The classification of imbalanced datasets is an important task in machine learning. The number of samples in each class is not uniformly distributed; one class contains a large number of samples while the other has a small number. This often leads to higher classification accuracy for the majority category and lower classification accuracy for the minority category. In this paper, Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) is a type of neural network to generate new data samples similar to a given training sample. CGAN is introduced to translate unbalanced samples from one form to another resulting in balanced samples. Gaussian Bobcat Optimization Algorithm (GBOA) is introduced for the importance of features and provides valuable insights into the relevance and predictive power of each feature in a heart disease dataset. GBOA is derived from the hunting strategy of bobcats during the attack towards the prey and the chase process between them. Natural behaviors of the bobcat in the wild, the strategy of this animal during hunting is much more prominent. Memory-Augmented Deep Autoencoder (MADAE) classifier consists of a fully connected three-layer neural network where the encoder contains input and hidden layers and the decoder part comprises hidden and output layers. By allowing early detection and treatment, accurate heart disease prediction can greatly reduce mortality. Cleveland Heart Disease Database (CHDD) is collected from University of California Irvine (UCI) repository. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the classifiers in terms of Precision, Recall, F-Measure, and Accuracy.

More Than Merit? Evaluating the Contribution of Non-Academic Determinants to the Influence on Teachers' Behaviour in Medical Education: A Cross-Sectional Survey of First-Year MBBS Students

2025-07-30T06:27:09+00:00

Background: Although student-teacher relationships have always been known to be governed mostly by academic performance, there are indications that non-academic factors—such as looks, conduct, socio-economic status, and interpersonal relationship—are also shaping teachers' attitudes and responses towards students. These need to be identified so that equity and professionalism of medical education can be enhanced.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate first-year MBBS students' perceptions of how non-academic factors influence teachers’ behavior towards students.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was employed among first-year MBBS students using an anonymous Google Form-based, structured questionnaire. The instrument measured students' perceptions of certain academic and non-academic attributes that can influence teachers' behavior, i.e., physical looks, communication ability, assertiveness, socioeconomic position, and relationship. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were used to set patterns and association.

Results: Preliminary findings indicate that a significant majority of students believe that non-academic factors—specifically rapport and communication style at a personal level—have an impact on teacher behavior. Gender and appearance discrimination were also mentioned. Academic performance was still a significant predictor, but a vast majority of respondents felt that non-merit considerations stepped in at times to take over from it to decide teacher attention, feedback, or support. Out of 104 respondents, 62% were females. Of all the students, only 32% had done their schooling from a government institution. 39% reported having noticed favoritism based on appearance. 52% said students who are charismatic or sociable tend to attract more attention. While 46% of students acknowledge that a strong rapport with teachers enhances interaction and access to opportunities, 34% have felt demoralized due to differential treatment.

Conclusion: The study brings to perspective the nuances of interactions between merit and non-academic influences in constructing teacher-student relations in medical education. These results validate faculty development programs that enhance fairness, openness, and professionalism for creating a merit-based learning environment that is inclusive.

Rare Dual Congenital Anomalies : Bronchogenic Cyst and Atrial Septal Defect

2025-07-30T09:55:24+00:00

We report an extremely rare case of a Bronchogenic Cyst incidentally identified via contrast enhanced computed tomography in a one and half-month-old male infant, a known case of Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect and mild pulmonary hypertension. The patient was evaluated in detail and cystic mass resembling a Bronchogenic Cyst was found over lower paratracheal mediastinal space. The patient was planned for excision of the posterior mediastinal lesion using a right limited postero-lateral thoracotomy incision and complete excision was done and the mass was pathologically confirmed to be a Bronchogenic Cyst. This case is one of the few rare cases of infants with acyanotic congenital heart defect that were incidentally found to have a Bronchogenic Cyst. This case to our knowledge is one of the youngest patients yet and also highlights the importance of identifying rare causes like these amongst differentials of cough and wheeze responding poorly to regular treatment.

Cascade Region Proposal Network (CRPN) Based Segmentation And Convolutional Deep Belief Network (CDBN) For Turmeric Plant Disease Detection

2025-07-30T10:03:44+00:00

Agriculture is one of the fundamental elements of human civilization. Crops and plant leaves are susceptible to many illnesses when grown for agricultural purposes. There may be less possibility of further harm to the plants if the illnesses are identified and classified accurately and early on. Early detection and recognition of plant disease is a prerequisite for controlling plant disease, and one of the key steps is to segment plant diseased leaf images. In this paper, Cascade Region Proposal Network (CRPN) is introduced which adopts multiple stages to mine hard samples while extracting region proposals and learn stronger classifiers. Meanwhile, a feature chain and a score chain are proposed to help learning more discriminative representations for proposals. Moreover, a loss function of cascade stages is designed to train cascade classifiers through backpropagation. Once the diseases are segmented and then it is classified using Convolutional Deep Belief Network (CDBN) is a network model that consists of a CRBM. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of precision (P), recall (R), accuracy (A) and f-measure (F1).

Focused Conversation As A Data Gathering Procedure In Qualitative Research: A Systematic Review Of The Use Of ORID And DEAL Models In Education, Psychology, And Organizational Studies

2025-07-31T04:19:21+00:00

Focused conversation methods, particularly those framed through the ORID (Objective, Reflective, Interpretive, Decisional) and DEAL (Describe, Examine, Articulate Learning) models, have gained traction as structured but flexible approaches to qualitative data collection. This systematic review examines 60 empirical studies from 2010 to 2024 that adopted focused conversations informed by either or both models within educational, psychological, and organizational research. Using a PRISMA-informed protocol for qualitative synthesis, the review analyzes patterns in design, facilitation, data richness, and analytic translation. Findings indicate that ORID was primarily used to guide thematic depth in reflective dialogue, while DEAL emphasized learning outcomes and critical engagement. In education, both models enhanced student and teacher reflection; in psychology, they facilitated narrative and emotional articulation; and in organizations, they supported structured team sense-making. Despite their benefits, issues with fidelity to each model's sequence and insufficient documentation of facilitators’ positionality were noted. Implications include a call for methodological refinement, cross-model integration, and clearer analytic mapping strategies in future qualitative inquiries

Development And Validation Of Stability Indicating Hptlc Method For Simultaneous Estimation Of Azithromycin, Fluconazole And Ornidazole In Combined Dosage Form

2025-07-31T05:15:40+00:00

For the simultaneous quantitative determination of azithromycin (AZM), fluconazole (FLZ), and ornedizole (OZ) in tablet Combi-kit quantities, a quick, reliable, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and tested. HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 plates comprised the stationary phase, and a mixture of toluene, methanol, and 1,4-dioxane in a volume ratio of 2:2:6 made up the mobile phase. A CAMAG TLC Scanner 3 was used to conduct densitometric scanning at a wavelength of 210 nm. The International Council for Harmonization's standards were used to validate the procedure. The RF values for AZM, FLZ, and OZ were 0.202, 0.382, and 0.522, respectively. In this instance, the statistical tests for assessing the appropriateness of the simple linear regression model that were previously described are used to our models AZM (y = 4.506x + 2189.4), FLZ (y = 4.506x + 2189.4), and OZ (y = 4.8969x + 240.53). LOD= 3s/S and LOQ = 10s/S (2) where s is the standard deviation of y-intercept and S is the slope of the calibration curve. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.0467and 0.141 g/zone, respectively. Using these methods, it is possible to routinely analyze these three medications in their pharmaceutical dosage form. For several parameters, the results for both analytical methods were tested and validated in accordance with ICH recommendations

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Regression After Total Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot in Pediatric Patients

2025-07-31T05:58:40+00:00

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by right ventricular hypertrophy and other anatomical abnormalities that significantly impact postoperative cardiac function. The purpose of this study is to assess the regression of right ventricular hypertrophy following total surgical correction of TOF in pediatric patients using echocardiographic assessment.

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the regression of right ventricular hypertrophy following total surgical correction of Tetralogy of Fallot in pediatric patients using serial echocardiographic assessment.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, from January 2024 to January 2025. Thirty pediatric TOF patients undergoing total correction were evaluated with serial echocardiography at baseline, 7th POD, 1 month, and 3 months to assess RV wall thickness, diameter, and systolic pressure. Paired t-tests analyzed changes using SPSS v26 (p < 0.05).

Results: Among 30 pediatric TOF patients (mean age 5.53 ± 2.95 years; 60% male), preoperative RV hypertrophy (mean wall thickness 7.63 mm) and hypoxemia (SpO₂ < 85% in 56.7%) were common. By 3 months post-surgery, RV wall thickness decreased by 18.3% (to 6.23 mm), RV diameter by 12.4% (to 21.2 mm), and RV systolic pressure by 28.2% (to 34.8 mmHg; all p < 0.0001). The greatest RV regression (24.1%) occurred in the 1–3 year age group, highlighting better remodeling with earlier repair.

Conclusion: Total correction of Tetralogy of Fallot in pediatric patients leads to significant right ventricular hypertrophic regression, especially when performed at a younger age.

Acute Toxicity Assessment of Dyeing Industry Effluent in Fish: Investigating Time-Dependent Lethal Concentrations

2025-07-31T07:15:32+00:00

This article highlights the importance of toxicity studies in assessing the adverse effects of agents on living organisms, focusing on product safety and environmental protection. It discusses the Indian regulatory landscape, including the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) and Schedule Y of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, as well as ethical oversight by the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA). It also presents a materials and methods section for an acute toxicity study involving fish exposed to raw dyeing industry effluent, focusing on determining the 96-hour LC50 using Probit analysis. The results show that even initially "safe" concentrations can become lethal over prolonged periods, emphasizing the relevance of acute toxicity data for regulatory bodies and risk assessment

Promising Homoeopathic Interventions In The Management Of Kidney Stones: A Narrative Overview

2025-07-31T08:41:05+00:00

Renal calculus, commonly known as kidney stones, represents a significant health concern due to its prevalence and the discomfort it causes. While conventional treatments, including medications and surgical interventions, are effective, they often come with limitations and potential side effects. This review explores the role of homoeopathy as an alternative and complementary therapy for the management of renal calculus. It provides an overview of the types and causes of kidney stones, discusses the principles and historical development of homoeopathy, and highlights commonly used homoeopathic remedies. The review examines the proposed mechanisms of action of these remedies and compares them to conventional treatments. It synthesizes clinical evidence from trials, studies, and meta-analyses to evaluate the efficacy of homoeopathy in treating renal calculus. The integration of homoeopathic remedies with conventional treatments is considered, along with safety and interaction concerns. The review addresses the challenges and controversies surrounding homoeopathy, particularly in terms of regulatory and ethical issues. Finally, it identifies gaps in current knowledge and suggests directions for future research. This comprehensive review aims to inform healthcare providers and patients about the potential benefits and limitations of homoeopathic approaches to managing renal calculus, ultimately contributing to improved patient care and outcomes.

The Healing Potential of Ficus virens: A Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Perspective on the White Fig

2025-07-31T08:54:04+00:00

Ficus virens Aiton, widely recognized as the White Fig or Pilkhan, is a versatile arboreal species within the Moraceae family, esteemed in various traditional healing systems including Ayurveda and Siddha. Historically utilized for its therapeutic efficacy, the species has been employed in the management of pathophysiological conditions such as gastrointestinal dysfunctions, respiratory ailments, dermatopathies, and chronic inflammatory disorders. These pharmacological effects are largely attributed to its extensive repertoire of bioactive secondary metabolites, notably flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and saponins. This review offers a comprehensive, interdisciplinary analysis of F. virens through a pharmacognostical and phytochemical lens, encompassing its macro- and micromorphological traits, anatomical diagnostics, powder microscopy, and organoleptic characteristics. Furthermore, this synthesis critically appraises experimental evidence from in vitro and in vivo models that substantiate its diverse pharmacodynamic actions, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, wound-healing, and neuroprotective activities. The paper also outlines its emerging utility in pharmaceutical formulations, nutraceutical innovations, and cosmeceutical applications. Despite the growing scientific interest, the pharmacological advancement of F. virens is constrained by significant research lacunae—particularly the lack of randomized clinical trials, insufficient mechanistic elucidation, and variability in phytochemical standardization. Future perspectives underscore the necessity of integrating cutting-edge technologies such as metabolomics, high-throughput screening, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, and green extraction protocols. Concurrently, ensuring sustainable harvesting and establishing rigorous quality control standards are essential for its translational success. Overall, Ficus virens emerges as a pharmacobotanical candidate of significant clinical and industrial promise within evidence-based herbal medicine

Frequency of Post Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopacreatography Pancreatitis in Patients with Pancreatic Disease

2025-08-01T06:18:31+00:00

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems. Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is diagnosed when patients develop signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis in addition to elevation of pancreatic enzymes.

Objective: To determine the frequency of post ERCP in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for pancreatic disease

Methodology: This descriptive case series study was conducted at the Gastroenterology Unit of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, over a duration of six months following the approval of the synopsis, from May 2023 to June 2024. Patients were prepared for the procedure by overnight fasting and received antibiotic prophylaxis with an injection of Ceftriaxone 1 gram. The ERCP procedure was performed under regional anesthesia by a single senior gastroenterologist with a minimum of four years of residency experience. Post-ERCP outcomes were carefully documented. All collected data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results: The mean age of patients was 37.19±10.54 years. Abdominal pain was observed in 44(14.33%) patients and PEP was found in 44(14.33%) patients.

Conclusion: The frequency of PEP was 14.33% in patients with pancreatic disease

Case Report: Acute Pancreatitis with Necrosis Leading to Chronic Pancreatitis and Complications

2025-08-01T07:45:06+00:00

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common clinical entity and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality from local and systemic complications. Recent insights into diagnosis and management, as well as common interventions for AP, pseudocysts, and pancreatic duct involvement, have been discussed in this article. Emerging literature from endoscopic and radiological evidence-based imaging and potential biomarkers has modified its management approach. Artificial intelligence, machine learning-based precision medicine and application of antioxidants like quercetin may have potential therapeutic implications. Further, advanced cross-sectional imaging including CECT and MRI is useful for early detection and management in necrotizing pancreatitis or pseudocyst formation. In addition, organ failure, infection, and systemic involvement like sarcopenia should also be noted for overall impact and prognosis. The impact of individualized treatment as per the needs using both conventional and novel methods is beneficial for better care. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and parenteral nutrition in the setting of critical illness have also been added to the algorithm for overall improvement.

Advancements In Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy

2025-08-01T10:28:09+00:00

Background: Over the past few years, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy (HSCT) has made remarkable progress in taking diseases away from patients like leukemia, lymphoma, or sickle cell anemia. Even with clinical success, satisfaction remains a major concern for patients treated. Introduction The study aimed to investigate factors related to satisfaction in HSCT and to determine the contribution of demographic, treatment-related, and behavioral variables to satisfaction.

Objective: This study mainly aimed to explore the influence of age, gender, education, occupation, product application frequency, and other treatment-related factors on patient satisfaction with HSCT.

Methods: This research uses a quantitative descriptive research design, using primary and secondary data. HSCT experiences were assessed among a sample of 200 patients and 150 healthcare professionals surveyed using structured questionnaires. A variety of analyses were conducted on the data, including descriptive statistics, normality tests (Shapiro-Wilk), reliability tests (Cronbach’s Alpha), correlation analysis, and regression modeling to predict significant predictors of patient satisfaction.

Results: Results showed a strong negative correlation between Age and Satisfaction, indicating older patients reported a lower satisfaction level. However, the Product Usage Frequency indicated a moderate negative association with satisfaction, implying that the more frequently the treatments were applied, the less satisfied the customers were. Neither gender nor education or occupation was a significant predictor of satisfaction. All tests for normality showed that the data was not normal, thus, we probably would use nonparametric methods.

Conclusion: Age and treatment frequency for HSCT in systematically increasing patient satisfaction: This study suggests the need for further investigation of the association between frequency of treatment and its effect on patient satisfaction in HSCT The results indicate that older patients and more frequently treated patients may have lower satisfaction and should be the focus of further investigation in the context of personalized care strategies. Further research could also include additional factors — psychological well-being, long-term outcomes, etc. — that could provide a broader perspective for the improvement of HSCT patients..

Advanced Machine Learning and NLP Strategies for Robust DDoS Attack Detection: A Comprehensive Analysis

2025-08-01T11:15:49+00:00

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks threaten network availability in critical systems like IoT and cloud infrastructure. This paper presents an in- depth analysis of advanced machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) strategies, including Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Deep Reinforce- ment Learning (DRL), for robust DDoS detection. Experiments leverage trans- fer learning, federated learning, anomaly detection, and explainable AI, validated with CICDDos2019, synthetic logs, and NS-3/Mininet simulations, achieving up to 98.37% accuracy. Six charts and six tables, alongside ten mathematical for- mulations, elucidate model performance, feature importance, and scalability. We address feature selection, preprocessing, adversarial robustness, and deployment challenges, offering novel insights from 30 peer-reviewed sources.

Comparative Study Of Oral Changes In Pregnant Women Compared To Non Pregnant Women Coming To Nims Hospital And Nims Dental College In Rural Area Of Jaipur District

2025-08-01T11:20:37+00:00

Aim: Pregnancy brings about significant physiological and hormonal changes that influence various body systems, including the oral cavity. These changes can lead to distinct oral health conditions that are more commonly observed during pregnancy. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of oral health issues specifically associated with pregnancy and to compare their incidence between pregnant women and control group.

Materials and Methods: The study involved 110 pregnant women and 110 women in the control group, all between the ages of 18 and 35. Participants were initially identified at the Gynecology Department of NIMS Medical Hospital and later referred to the Oral Medicine and Radiology Department of NIMS Dental College for further assessment. Key oral health indicators, such as the Gingival Index (GI), Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score, and Plaque Index (PI), were measured.

Results: Pregnant women demonstrated a significantly higher occurrence of aphthous ulcers and dental erosion. Furthermore, their GI, PI, and DMFT scores were markedly elevated in comparison to the control group, reflecting poorer overall oral health.

Conclusion: Poor oral hygiene, increased gingival inflammation, and a higher prevalence of periodontal disease were observed in pregnant women compared to the control group. It is essential to educate women about the critical role of oral health during pregnancy and the potential effects these conditions can have on both maternal and fetal well-being

Fundamental Principles And Therapeutic Significance Of Rasashastra In Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics: A Review

2025-08-01T11:42:54+00:00

Rasashastra, a specialized branch of Ayurveda, focuses on the alchemical processing and therapeutic utilization of metals, minerals, and herbo-mineral compounds. Rooted in classical Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, it aims to transform potentially toxic substances into safe, bioavailable, and highly potent medicines through systematic procedures such as Shodhana (purification), Marana (calcination/incineration), and Samskara (processing). These techniques enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, ensuring that the end products—particularly Bhasma, Rasaushadhi, Pottali, and Kupipakwa preparations—are suitable for clinical use in various chronic and refractory diseases.This review article explores the fundamental principles, traditional formulations, and the unique pharmaceutical techniques employed in Rasashastra. It also analyzes the therapeutic significance and clinical applications of these formulations in the light of modern pharmacology. With a growing demand for evidence-based traditional medicines, the integration of Rasashastra into modern health systems calls for scientific validation, pharmacovigilance, and standardized protocols.Furthermore, the review emphasizes the relevance of Rasashastra in drug discovery, nanomedicine, and bio-enhanced delivery systems. By aligning classical Ayurvedic wisdom with current scientific methodologies, Rasashastra holds great promise for contributing to global healthcare. The article advocates for interdisciplinary research, practitioner training, and regulatory frameworks to ensure the safe and effective use of Rasashastra-based therapeutics in the modern era.

Rasakalpa And Pottali Kalpana In Rasashastra: A Scientific Review Of Their Preparation And Curative Potential

2025-08-01T11:49:42+00:00

Rasashastra, an integral part of Ayurveda, focuses on the preparation and therapeutic utilization of mineral and metallic compounds. Rasakalpas are the unique formulations within this system, prepared using rigorous procedures that ensure safety, efficacy, and long shelf life. Among these, Pottali Kalpana is a highly evolved pharmaceutical technique involving compact spherical preparations made by enclosing a combination of detoxified metals, minerals, and herbs in a cloth or capsule-like form, followed by specific heating processes. These formulations are known for their high potency, rapid onset of action, minimal dosage requirements, and longer therapeutic retention.This review comprehensively explores the historical origins, classical references, pharmaceutical protocols, and clinical indications of Rasakalpa and Pottali Kalpana. It emphasizes the principles of Shodhana (detoxification) and Marana (incineration) which play a crucial role in transforming toxic metals into bio-assimilable therapeutic agents. The importance of Bhavana (trituration) with specific herbal juices to enhance therapeutic properties is also addressed.Moreover, the article integrates modern pharmaceutical insights and scientific validation efforts, highlighting the need for standardization, quality control, and pharmacological investigations. Clinical evidences indicate efficacy in various chronic and refractory conditions, including neurological, metabolic, and infectious diseases. As Ayurveda seeks global acceptance, a scientific approach to these traditional formulations can bridge the gap between ancient wisdom and modern medicine.In conclusion, Rasakalpa and Pottali Kalpana represent a sophisticated legacy of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, and further research may contribute significantly to the advancement of integrative medicine.

Justification Of Urine Culture Before Transurethral Resection Of The Prostate Gland: Clinical Feasibility And Optimization Of Preoperative Preparation

2025-08-01T11:56:16+00:00

In this work, the clinical expediency of conducting microbiological urine culture before transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP) was investigated in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The study included 75 patients divided into two groups: the main group with urine culture and targeted antibacterial therapy, as well as a control group with empirical prophylaxis without pre-sowing. The data obtained showed a high incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (44.7%) and significant antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, mainly Escherichia coli. The use of seeding results made it possible to reduce the incidence of postoperative infectious complications from 24.3% to 7.9%, as well as reduce the duration of hospitalization and reduce the need for repeated therapy. The results of the study confirm the importance of microbiological control of urine as a key stage of preoperative preparation for TURP, which contributes to improving the safety of surgical treatment and improving clinical outcomes.

Assessment of Lip Competence and its Relation to (sagittal molar relationship and overjet): A Retrospective Analysis

2025-08-02T04:29:25+00:00

One of the most important opportunities of orthodontic treatment is to improve the aesthetic and morphological harmony as well as the function of the oral and maxillofacial regions. Achieving lip competency is a critical goal in orthodontic treatment, as it contributes to both dental and facial aesthetics by positively influencing the soft tissue profile, particularly the nasolabial angle and the positioning of the upper and lower lips. The aim of this study is to assess lip competency and find out the relationship between lip competency with molar relationship and overjet.

Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the College of Dentistry/ Hawler Medical University. A total of 362 patients, aged between 16 and 47, were involved in the study. The samples were obtained from patients attending the orthodontic department of the College of Dentistry. The patient records were reviewed and analyzed, encompassing age, gender, lip competency, angle classification and overjet. A P-value of ≤ 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.

Results: The majority of the sample was found to have competent lips (80.9%), while incompetent lips were present in (19.1%) of the sample. Most of the samples exhibit Class I malocclusion (66.3%), followed by Class II (24%), and then Class III (9.7%). Normal overjet is the most frequent, representing (67.1%) of the sample, while increased overjet is the second most frequent, accounting for (22.9%) of the sample. Conclusion: lip competence was found to be highly significantly associated with molar relationship and overjet

The findings on initial admission Chest CT scan of patients presenting with an Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD)

2025-08-02T04:35:06+00:00

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disease that is irreversible and characterized by persistent airway obstruction and lung inflammation. Recently due to the advancements in imaging techniques we can have a better analysis of the lung parenchyma, airways, vascular and extrapulmonary manifestations of COPD.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to assess and classify abnormalities observed on chest CT scans in patients admitted with AECOPD. The aim of the study is to identify parenchymal, airway, and extrapulmonary abnormalities, and to assess their association with the severity of the disease and frequency of exacerbations.

Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in Sulaimani city on 72 patients (54 male and 18 female), a mean age of 72.5 (56-104 years old), presented with AECOPD (GOLD group E) who underwent CT imaging at hospital admission. The CT scans were reviewed by a radiologist, and findings were categorized.

Results: Parenchymal abnormalities were the most common (94.4%), including emphysema (81.7%), bullae (40.8%), ground-glass opacity (33.8%). Airway abnormalities (56.9%) such as bronchial wall thickening (40.8%) and bronchiectasis (21.1%) were frequently observed. Extrapulmonary abnormalities (50%) included coronary artery calcifications (38%) and cardiomegaly (25.4%). There was a significant association between the frequency of exacerbations with severity of emphysema and older age (p-value 0.001 and < 0.001 respectively).

Conclusion: Parenchymal abnormalities were the most common findings, including emphysema as the most frequent abnormality. Half of patients had extrapulmonary abnormalities including cardiovascular abnormalities in a significant number of patients. These CT abnormalities had associations with clinical factors such as frequency of exacerbations and age of the patient..

Estimation of serum uric acid level in association with pattern and severity of psoriatic arthritis

2025-08-02T04:40:34+00:00

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), a chronic inflammatory disorder, is increasingly associated with hyperuricemia. This study aimed to estimate serum uric acid (SUA) levels in PsA patients compared to healthy controls and evaluate their association with disease activity and subtypes.

Methods: A case-control study was employed, recruiting 40 PsA patients meeting Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) criteria and 40 age- and gender-matched clinically healthy controls. Disease activity was assessed via the Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), and fasting SUA levels were measured enzymatically

Results: The SUA levels did not show a statistically significant difference across the clinical patterns of PsA. The most common clinical pattern of PsA observed was Polyarthritis Rheumatoid like, found in 14 (35.0%) patients. The relationship between uric acid levels and the severity of arthritis was also examined. Among 3 (7.5%) patients in remission, the mean ± SD of uric acid was 4.60 ± 0.000, with a 95% CI of (4.60 - 4.60). For 29 (72.5%) patients with low disease activity, the mean ± SD was 4.81 ± 1.139, with a 95% CI of (4.3688 - 5.2353). In 8 (20%) patients with moderate disease activity, the mean ± SD of uric acid was 7.83 ± 1.84, with a 95% CI of (6.2951 - 9.3674). Therefore, the severity of the disease significantly affected SUA levels (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Research findings demonstrated that levels of SUA failed to show any connection to PsA clinical patterns. Higher disease activity of PsA led to increased SUA levels among PsA patients. Patients who were in remission stages demonstrated the lowest concentration of serum uric acid level, yet patients marked by moderate disease activity levels showed the highest serum uric acid levels..

Incidence of atrial fibrillation in acute respiratory emergency and exacerbation of chronic lung disease

2025-08-02T04:46:51+00:00

Background and Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF), a prevalent arrhythmia linked to mortality, demonstrates a bidirectional relationship with chronic lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis due to shared mechanisms such as hypoxia and inflammation. Acute respiratory emergencies further exacerbate this risk. This study aimed to determine the incidence of AF in patients with acute respiratory emergencies or chronic lung disease exacerbations in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Shar Teaching Hospital from 1^stMarch 2024 to 28^th February 2025. A convenience sample of 100 adult’s patient admitted with acute respiratory emergencies or chronic lung disease exacerbations underwent a12-lead ECG at the time of admission.

Results: AF was detected in 14% of patients on admission. The mean age was 60.4 ± 14.3 years, and 58% were female. AF was more frequent in patients with COPD (20%) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA, 42.9%), as well as in those with higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and lower oxygen saturation (SpO₂) on admission (p=0.001 and p=0.012, respectively). Most AF cases were transient, resolving by discharge in all but one patient. No significant associations were found between AF and age, sex, or smoking status.

Conclusion: AF is a notable and often transient complication in patients with acute respiratory emergencies, particularly among those with COPD, OSA, hypoxemia, and elevated inflammation. Routine monitoring for AF is recommended in high-risk respiratory patients

Short Term Outcome & Surgical Risk of Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Repair vs Replacement in Severe Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation

2025-08-02T06:42:18+00:00

Background: Although severe ischemic mitral regurgitation, commonly occurring after myocardial infarction and associated with high mortality, often necessitates surgical intervention, the short-term outcome and surgical risk of patients undergoing mitral valve repair versus replacement remain uncertain, warranting comparison during concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting to assess their impact on morbidity, neurological recovery, and survival.

This study aimed to compare early surgical outcomes of mitral valve repair versus replacement with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and analyze the impact on morbidity, neurological recovery and short-term survival.

Subjects and methods: In the period between March 2023 and June 2024, 100 patients (77% males, 23% females) were conducted in this study. 37 males (74%) and 13 females (26%) in group A compared to 40 males (80%) and 10 (20%) females in group B. Mean age was 59.74 ± 11.04 in group A, while that in group B was 56.88 ± 9.84 years old. The patients included in this research were CABG patients having severe ischemic mitral regurgitation & underwent surgery for MV (repair or replacement) at Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital and other affiliated hospitals. Clinical and imaging data were prospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the procedure, group A (the repair group) & group B (the replacement group).

Result: Postoperative residual MR occurred in 21% of patients, more frequently in group A (repair, 34%) than in group B (replacement, 8%) (P=0.001), making repair a predictor of postoperative MR. Patients with residual MR had more preoperative MV morphology abnormalities (P=0.015). Multivariable analysis confirmed preoperative MV abnormalities and repair technique as independent predictors (P=0.015, P=0.001). Intraoperative TEE showed more significant MR in group A (P=0.027). Subvalvular apparatus preservation had no statistical significance (P=1). Postoperative MR did not significantly affect EF, renal, or neurological outcomes (GCS: 13.68 ± 2.09 vs. 13.50 ± 2.64; P>0.05). Mitral valve replacement was linked to higher rates of postoperative AF (P=0.001) and increased in-hospital mortality (P=0.046).

Conclusion: Mitral valve replacement is a suitable option for patients with chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation and impaired left ventricular function (over mitral valve repair). It provides better results in terms of freedom from reoperation with comparable valve-related complication rates. Although postoperative residual MR was not associated with significant morbidity and postoperative complications, significant impairment in mid-term survival could not be confirmed by the data

An Intelligent IoT and Machine learning grounded Configuration for premature Identification and forecasting of Heart Ailment

2025-08-02T07:15:43+00:00

The rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies has opened new frontiers in the domain of healthcare, particularly in the early detection and prediction of heart-related disorders. This study proposes an intelligent, integrated IoT-ML framework designed for the real-time monitoring, early identification, and forecasting of heart disease. Wearable IoT sensors are employed to collect vital physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and ECG signals, which are then transmitted to a centralized system. The collected data is pre-processed and fed into machine learning models trained on historical and clinical datasets to classify risk levels and predict the likelihood of cardiovascular events. The proposed system leverages supervised learning algorithms including Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression, comparing their performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Real-time analytics allow healthcare providers to receive alerts for abnormal readings, facilitating timely intervention and reducing the chances of critical outcomes. This intelligent configuration not only enables personalized healthcare but also contributes to the development of predictive tools that can assist in managing heart health at both individual and population levels. The findings of this research demonstrate the potential of IoT-ML synergy in revolutionizing preventive cardiology and improving patient outcomes through continuous and proactive monitoring

Machine Learning and Artifact CNN grounded Methodology for Premature Glaucoma Ailment Identification

2025-08-02T07:21:18+00:00

Early detection of glaucoma is vital to prevent irreversible vision loss; however, conventional diagnostic techniques often struggle with limitations in accuracy, speed, and scalability. This study presents a novel methodology that integrates Machine Learning with an Artifact-Convolutional Neural Network (Artifact-CNN) framework to enhance the early prediction of glaucoma. By leveraging deep learning’s ability to extract intricate features from retinal fundus images, the proposed model aims to improve diagnostic accuracy while minimizing both false positives and false negatives. A structured dataset was utilized to train and evaluate the model, and performance was assessed using standard metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The results reveal that the proposed hybrid approach surpasses traditional classification models in performance and consistency. A detailed confusion matrix analysis confirms the model’s reliability in distinguishing between glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous conditions, reinforcing its practical relevance in clinical diagnostics. The integration of artifact-based enhancement within the CNN architecture allows the system to better interpret subtle patterns often missed in early-stage glaucoma. This research underscores the potential of AI-assisted ophthalmic tools to facilitate early, automated, and accurate glaucoma detection. Looking ahead, the study opens avenues for future enhancements such as expanding dataset diversity, improving cross-domain generalization, and deploying the model in real-time clinical settings for broader impact.

Negotiating Desire: A Lacanian Reading of Chris Abani’s Becoming Abigail

2025-08-02T07:56:01+00:00

This paper deploys Lacan’s theory of desire in reading Chris Abani’s Becoming Abigail. Jacques Lacan, in his vested interest in human psychology, developed deep psychological insights influential not just in understanding the components of human psychology but in critical engagement with literature. One of the highpoints of Lacan’s postulations is his theory of desire. In the theory, he projects the knowledge of Ate with which he seeks to explain the desires and psychological drives of the human mind which often leads to a tragedy. Lacan, in the theory, argues that it is not harmatia that is usually the source of the tragic end of a hero but the Ate– the desire, a zone of second death closely linked to Freud’s Thanatos with which he seeks to give several of Freud’s concepts– a Lacanian conclusion. Deploying this theorization of the desire–Ate, the study demonstrates how the tragic atmosphere in Chris Abani’s Becoming Abigail, experiential in the actions of some of the characters in the novel, is piloted not merely by their tragic flaws but by a psychological yearning for tranquility that is found in death– an affirmation of Ate central in Lacan’s theorization. The paper concludes that the awareness of Ate provides a gateway to understanding human desires and motivations and in controlling and engaging them.

Isolation, Phenotypic Characterization and speciation of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci from Clinical Samples

2025-08-02T09:56:42+00:00

Background:Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) represent a growing concern in nosocomial infections due to limited treatment options and their intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance. This study focused on the isolation, phenotypic characterization, and speciation of VRE from diverse clinical samples collected at a tertiary care center in Northern India.

Objectives:To identify and differentiate Enterococcus species from clinical specimens, determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and estimate the prevalence of vancomycin resistance among these isolates.

Methods:A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from June 2023 to September 2024. Enterococci were isolated using conventional culture methods from blood, urine, pus, cerebrospinal fluid, and other body fluids. Biochemical tests and selective media such as bile esculin azide agar and potassium tellurite agar were used for speciation. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI M100 standards. Vancomycin resistance was confirmed using vancomycin screen agar.

Results:A total of 259 Enterococcus isolates were recovered; Enterococcus faecalis constituted 65.25% (n=169) and Enterococcus faecium 34.75% (n=90). The isolates predominantly originated from urine (47.8%) and blood (21.6%). Vancomycin resistance was observed in 4.1% of E. faecalis and 3.3% of E. faecium isolates. High resistance rates were noted for erythromycin (64.6%), penicillin (59.8%), and ampicillin (36.7%). Linezolid, teicoplanin, and vancomycin retained high sensitivity (>95%) among isolates.

Conclusion:E. faecalis was the predominant species isolated with a low but notable prevalence of vancomycin resistance. Judicious antibiotic use, early detection, and strict infection control measures are essential to controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant enterococci in healthcare settings

A Bio-inspired Approach to Sentiment Analysis using Ant Colony Optimization

2025-08-02T11:46:15+00:00

Sentiment analysis is a crucial natural language processing (NLP) task, particularly for customer reviews. Most of the classical sentiment analysis models are not efficient to handle highdimensional data, and thus computational complexity increases and efficiency decreases. In this paper, a new bio-inspired sentiment analysis approach is proposed by employing Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) for feature selection. Through the imitation of ant colonies' behavior, ACO can effectively discover and pick out the most promising features of text data and improve the accuracy and efficiency of classification models. We have tested the ACO-based solution on Amazon product reviews and applied it to both standard machine learning classifiers (Logistic Regression - 80.5%, SVM - 80.5%, Naive Bayes - 79.5%, Random Forest - 79.0%) and deep learning models (LSTM - 78.5%, BERT - 80.0%). The ACO algorithm was more accurate and less computationally costly in all the models, but particularly the Logistic Regression classifier. The present study validates ACO as a scalable and effective method for real-world application in e- commerce, business intelligence, and social surveillance.

The Role of Echocardiography in Community-Based Health Campaigns: A Cross-Sectional Experience

2025-08-02T11:51:34+00:00

Background: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a non-invasive, widely available diagnostic tool for cardiovascular assessment. Its utility in community screening, especially in resource-limited settings, remains underexplored.

Objective: To assess the feasibility, echocardiographic findings, and clinical impact of portable TTE during community-based health campaigns in Hail, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 adult participants (≥18 years) screened in public areas using portable echocardiography. Basic parameters including LVEF, LVMI, and wall thicknesses were measured. Participants were categorized into normal, follow-up, or referred based on findings.

Results: The mean age was 48.9±11.6 years; 81% were male. Most participants (71%) had normal echocardiograms, while 29% showed abnormalities. Valvular dysfunction (12%), left ventricular hypertrophy (6%), and reduced LVEF (<50%) (4%) were the most common findings. Significant congenital conditions such as VSD and bicuspid aortic valve were detected in 1% each. Among those with abnormal findings, 15% were referred for further care, and 14% advised follow-up. Age, BMI, and comorbidities (particularly DM+HTN) were strong predictors of abnormal findings (p<0.01).

Conclusion: Community-based echocardiographic screening using portable devices is feasible and valuable in detecting subclinical cardiac disease. It enables early identification and referral in underserved populations. Targeting high-risk groups such as older adults and those with chronic diseases can enhance screening efficiency

Vadamarga As A Classical Research Tool In Ayurveda Samhitas: A Critical Review

2025-08-02T11:55:43+00:00

Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of holistic health, is not merely a therapeutic science but a comprehensive knowledge tradition rooted in rigorous epistemology and rational inquiry. Among its many intellectual tools, Vadamarga—the pathway of discourse and debate—emerges as a profound classical research methodology. Rooted in texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Nyaya Darshana, Vadamarga systematizes knowledge validation through structured argumentation, logical reasoning (Tarka), valid proof (Pramana), and dialectical exchange (Vadakatha).This review critically examines the theoretical foundation and practical relevance of Vadamarga in the Ayurvedic corpus. It explores its three primary forms—Vadha, Jalpa, and Vitanda—as well as the roles of prashnaka (questioner), prativadi (respondent), and madhyastha (moderator). These mechanisms ensured not only the transmission of knowledge but also its continual refinement through public dialogue and critical evaluation.By comparing these ancient deliberative practices with modern research protocols like hypothesis testing, clinical trials, and peer-reviewed publication, the paper positions Vadamarga as a precursor to evidence-based medicine. It also discusses how the reintroduction of Vadamarga into current Ayurvedic research and education can enhance analytical rigor, promote ethical debate, and improve the quality of clinical documentation.The integration of classical methods like Vadamarga with modern tools presents a pathway toward strengthening Ayurveda’s credibility in the global medical community while remaining true to its epistemological roots

Prakriti In Ayurvedic Samhitas And Its Modern Genetic Correlates: A Critical Integrative Review

2025-08-02T11:59:26+00:00

Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, emphasizes a personalized approach to health and disease management based on the concept of Prakriti—the inherent constitution of an individual formed at the time of conception. According to classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, Prakriti is primarily determined by the predominance of Tridoshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and remains constant throughout life, influencing an individual's physiological, psychological, and behavioral traits. In recent years, modern genomics has begun to uncover parallels with Ayurvedic concepts, suggesting a scientific basis for Prakriti-based personalized medicine. Several studies have shown correlations between Prakriti types and specific genetic markers such as HLA alleles, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and genes involved in metabolic pathways like CYP2C19, ACE, and LEPR. These findings provide promising evidence that Prakriti phenotyping may align with genotypic variations and could serve as a foundation for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM). This integrative review critically explores the Prakriti concept as elaborated in Ayurvedic Samhitas and evaluates its potential genetic underpinnings through the lens of current biomedical research. By establishing a dialogue between traditional Ayurvedic wisdom and contemporary genomics, this review underscores the relevance of Prakriti in advancing a holistic and individualized approach to healthcare. It also identifies gaps in current knowledge and suggests directions for future research, including the development of standard Prakriti assessment tools and large-scale genomic validation studies.

Diagnostic Value of Chest Ultrasound in Detecting Complicating Pneumonia in Comparison to CT scan

2025-08-02T12:06:30+00:00

Introduction: Lung diseases are the most prevalent condition in pediatric medicine. While chest X-rays are typically the initial imaging method used to assess chest diseases, thoracic computed tomography (CT) is regarded as the gold standard for diagnosing and monitoring chest opacities and masses. Chest ultrasound, on the other hand, offers a valuable complementary diagnostic tool. It is widely available, quick, free of radiation, repeatable, and cost-effective, making it highly accurate for detecting chest lesions.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of chest ultrasound for diagnosis of complicated pneumonia among kids in comparison to the gold standard (chest CT scan).

Methods: This observational, cross-sectional investigation has been conducted in Assiut University Children’s Hospital. This study included 114 patients with symptoms and signs of complicated pneumonia who admitted in ER & pulmonology unit during the period from 1st of January 2021 to thirty-one of August 2022 but others who diagnosed with Acute simple pneumonia were excluded.

Results: It was found that LUS had 99%, 88.6%, 91% and 99.2% overall accuracy for diagnosis of pleural effusion, lung abscess, cavitary lesions and necrotizing pneumonia respectively. LUS is able to detect additional findings which couldn't be detected by chest CT, in form of complex septated effusion, empyema and complex non septated in 21 (36.2%) ,10 (17.2%) and 8(13.8%) patients respectively.

Conclusion: The application of ultrasound has proven useful in diagnosis of complication of pneumonia in children with the significant advantage of not utilizing ionizing radiation

Effectiveness of an Awareness Program for Parents on The Risks Associated with Overuse of Smartphones by Children

2025-08-04T04:48:36+00:00

The study, titled “Effectiveness of an Awareness Program for Parents on the Risks Associated with Overuse of Smartphones by Children” evaluates the effectiveness of a parental awareness program on the risks of overusing smartphones by children. It draws on data from pre- and post-awareness assessments and focuses on the outcomes of an online safety handbook distributed to parents. The data was gathered from 480 parents using purposive sampling. The awareness program was conducted in two phases, in phase one an awareness program was conducted, and in phase two, a handbook on online safety was distributed. A self-prepared questionnaire is used to gather information from parents. The questionnaire contains various factors to evaluate the effectiveness of the awareness program and handbook developed. Statistical analysis through an ANOVA test reveals a significant improvement in parents' awareness, leading to better protective measures for children's smartphone use. The study underscores the need for an awareness program for parents on the risks associated with the overuse of smartphones by children

Recent Developments in Vaccine Development for Viral Diseases: Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19

2025-08-04T05:18:56+00:00

Viral diseases pose significant threats to global health, often requiring rapid development of vaccines to mitigate outbreaks. The recent advancements in vaccine technologies, such as mRNA platforms, vector-based vaccines, and protein subunit vaccines, have revolutionized approaches to combating diseases like Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19. This paper reviews the scientific progress, challenges, and future directions in vaccine development for these diseases, emphasizing their unique epidemiological contexts and technological innovations

Evaluating the Impact of Yoga-Based Interventions on High Blood Pressure: systemic review

2025-08-04T05:28:35+00:00

Background: Hypertension is a major global health concern requiring effective management. While medications are common, complementary therapies like yoga have gained interest for their potential benefits. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of yoga therapy in lowering blood pressure among hypertensive individuals.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library was performed for studies published between January 2000 and October 2023. Randomized controlled trials and clinical intervention studies assessing yoga’s effects on hypertensive patients were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study design, participant characteristics, interventions, and blood pressure outcomes. Meta-analysis was conducted where data were comparable.

Results: Eight eligible studies involving 1,005 participants with varied hypertension severity were analyzed. Yoga styles included Hatha, Iyengar, and Vinyasa, with intervention durations of 8 to 12 weeks. Pooled results showed significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (mean difference = -10.62 mmHg; 95% CI: -13.14 to -8.10; p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (mean difference = -6.98 mmHg; 95% CI: -8.86 to -5.10; p < 0.001) post-intervention. Effect sizes ranged from moderate to large (Cohen’s d 0.5–1.4), indicating clinically meaningful improvements.

Conclusion: This review provides strong evidence supporting yoga therapy as an effective and safe adjunct to conventional hypertension treatment. Future studies should examine long-term effects and explore yoga's integration into routine hypertension care.

Estimation of Serum Procalcitonin Levels in Patients with Sepsis

2025-08-05T04:20:34+00:00

Introduction: Sepsis and SIRS share overlapping clinical features but differ fundamentally in their underlying pathophysiology. Both represent systematic inflammatory states; yet, the source and progression of immune activation diverge significantly between infectious and non-infectious etiologies. These differences become critical when attempting early diagnosis, where clinical science alone is insufficient, and biochemical markers, such as PCT, gain diagnostic relevance.

Aim: To determine the Day 1 serum Procalcitonin level in patients with sepsis and to assess the Day 1 serum procalcitonin concentration with duration of stay.

Materials and Methods: This research was designed as a prospective cohort study, which was conducted in the department of internal medicine at SGRRIM&HS and SMIH Dehradun on 150 patients of both genders above age 18 years with clinical evidence of heart failure who presented within 24-36 hours of illness with suspected sepsis and were admitted to the ICU. The study duration was 18 months. Serum procalcitonin was measured using a standard immunoassay method. Haematological tests, biochemical tests, and infectious disease tests were performed to confirm the specific infection. Chi-square tests and t-tests were performed for comparative analysis.

Results: A total of 150 patients [mean age was 34.2±8.1 years (18-40 years), mean age of 52.4±6.3 years (41-60 years), and mean age of 68.7±5.9 years (above 60)] were included in the study.

Higher PCT levels were associated with an increased mortality rate. The most significant mortality was observed in patients with PCT levels greater than 30 ng/mL, with 68% of the patients expiring, showing a strong and statistically significant association (p value = 0.001). A higher level of PCT was observed in patients with septic shock, suggesting that elevated PCT levels may be an indicator of septic shock in patients. 83.3% of patients had septic shock and expired, which indicates that septic shock is strongly associated with mortality (p-value = 0.03). PCT level also influences the ICU stay duration.

Conclusion: The study indicates that PCT serves as a diagnostic and monitoring tool, enabling clinicians to enhance patient care, reduce mortality associated with sepsis, and improve patient outcomes across various healthcare settings.

Applied Anatomical Insights Of Asthi And Sandhi From Sushruta Samhita: A Review With Clinical Correlations

2025-08-05T05:09:29+00:00

Anatomy forms the foundational basis of medical science, both in modern and traditional systems like Ayurveda. The Sushruta Samhita, a classical text of Ayurveda, is acclaimed for its comprehensive exploration of human anatomy and surgical principles. Among its various contributions, the descriptions of Asthi (bones) and Sandhi (joints) stand out for their clarity and clinical applicability. This review article aims to revisit and critically analyze the concepts of Asthi and Sandhi as delineated in the Sushruta Samhita, comparing them with contemporary anatomical understanding, and highlighting their relevance in Ayurvedic clinical practice.Sushruta classified bones based on structure and function into five types and detailed 360 bones in the human body, including teeth, nails, and hair roots, which differ from modern counts. Sandhis were categorized into movable and immovable types, resembling synovial and fibrous joints in modern science. The text also connects Asthi and Sandhi with Dhatu Poshana (tissue nourishment), Marma (vital points), and various disease processes.This review evaluates the applied aspects of these structures in clinical contexts such as fracture (Bhagna) management, joint disorders (Sandhigata Vata), and Panchakarma therapies like Basti and Abhyanga. The timeless insights of Sushruta offer valuable perspectives for modern orthopedics and integrative approaches. Emphasizing these classical anatomical concepts fosters a better understanding of musculoskeletal health, enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes in Ayurveda. The review concludes that revisiting these traditional anatomical frameworks can inform and enrich contemporary medical and surgical practices.

A Comparative Anatomical Analysis of Organ Position (AVAYAVA STHANA) In Ayurvedic and Modern Perspectives

2025-08-05T05:13:59+00:00

Ayurveda, the timeless science of health and healing, presents a unique conceptualization of the human body's structure through detailed descriptions of Avayava Sthana (organ position) found in classical texts such as the Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya. These descriptions are often rooted in functional, doshic, and tridosha-balancing perspectives, emphasizing the physiological harmony rather than precise spatial localization. In contrast, modern anatomy, based on cadaveric dissection and empirical visualization, describes organ positions with quantitative precision and standardization.This review aims to critically analyze and compare the positioning of key internal organs—such as the Hridaya (heart), Yakrit (liver), Pleeha (spleen), Basti (urinary bladder), and Phupphusa (lungs)—from both Ayurvedic and contemporary anatomical viewpoints. The analysis highlights congruencies in central organ placement and functional interpretation, while also identifying discrepancies that may stem from methodological and philosophical differences. For instance, the Hridaya is described as located between the Stana (breasts) in Ayurveda, correlating with the mediastinal location in modern anatomy.The study also explores the significance of embryological development, doshic predominance, and Srotas (channels) theory in understanding organ positioning in Ayurveda. By bridging these perspectives, the review seeks to contribute to an integrative anatomical model that respects both the spiritual-functional orientation of Ayurveda and the structural accuracy of modern science.Such interdisciplinary insights can deepen our understanding of classical anatomical knowledge and support its relevance in modern clinical and educational contexts.

Early Right Ventricular Function after Repair of Tetralogy Of Fallot: An Evidence-Based Study

2025-08-05T06:25:21+00:00

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot is a significant congenital heart disorder, and understanding its variants is crucial for pediatric cardiology management.

Objectives: This research aimed to compare different surgical techniques that can be used to address RVOT (Right Ventricular Outflow Tract) reconstruction in Fallot Tetralogy repair regarding their influence on Right Ventricular function and immediate postoperative outcome.

Methods: This is a prospective and evidence-based study; 60 children with TOF (Tetralogy of Fallot) were included. The main inclusion criteria are based on the children who undertook total repair between January 2019 and July 2021. Participants were assigned into three groups based on the surgical technique. In Group 1, no Transannular Patching was used; in Group 2A, Transannular Patching alone was used; and in Group 2B, Transannular Patching with mono-cusp construction was used. Moreover, preoperative and early postoperative assessments of Right Ventricular function were performed via pulse wave tissue Doppler imaging and conventional echocardiography. Assiut University's ethical committee granted ethical approval, and participants’ informed consent was also obtained to maintain confidentiality and ethical principles.

Results: It was found that the three groups had no significant difference regarding mechanical ventilation time, inotrope duration, chest drain time, and total ICU stay. One month after surgery, RVSD (Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction) among Group 1 was observed in 6 patients (30%). Similarly, RVSD was found in Group 2A, with six patients (30%) and 10 patients (50%) in Group 2B. However, by the third month, none of the patients in any group exhibited RVSD. In contrast, RVDD (Right Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction) was present in 10 patients (50%) in Group 1, 10 (50%) in Group 2A, and 18 (90%) in Group 2B at one month after surgery. In contrast, in the third month, no one in Groups 1 and 2A had RVDD, but it was persistent in eight patients (40%) in Group 2B. The severity of postoperative pulmonary regurgitation was generally increased in Group 2B (P < 0.001). IVA was negatively correlated with PRVCW/PVAD at one month (r = −0.22; P = 0.02) and three months (r = −0.21; P = 0.03) postoperatively. RV E/E′ was positively correlated with PRVCW/PVAD at one month after surgery (r = 0.61; P <0.001), while there was no significant correlation after three months.

Conclusions: In this study, pulmonary valve preservation and TAP alone with limited incision techniques had good results regarding RV function and competency of PV. In contrast, TAP had no added value with mono-cusp construction.

Off-Label Medicine Use In Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Of A Secondary Hospital Of Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate Of Oman

2025-08-05T09:17:25+00:00

Off-label drug use, defined as the prescription of medications for indications, dosages, or routes not sanctioned by regulatory authorities, is prevalent in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This prevalence is primarily attributed to the limited availability of evidence-based, regulatory-approved options for neonates. However, such practices raise concerns regarding safety and standardization. In Oman, there is a paucity of data on off-label prescribing within neonatal populations. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, patterns, and clinical associations of off-label medication use among neonates admitted to the NICU at Nizwa Hospital. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted over an 18-month period (January 2023–June 2024), involving neonates aged ≤28 days who received at least one off-label medication. Data were sourced from the hospital’s Al Shifa Plus system and the Vigiflow pharmacovigilance platform. Of the 638 NICU admissions, 182 neonates (28.5%) received off-label prescriptions. The primary reasons for off-label use were unapproved routes of administration (47.2%) and age-specific contraindications (22.4%). Frequently used off-label medications included sodium chloride 3% and omeprazole, with 25.9% classified as high-alert drugs. Significant associations were identified between the number of off-label drugs and discharge outcomes (p = 0.019), as well as between gender and discharge disposition (p = 0.012). No adverse drug reactions were reported. These findings underscore the necessity for neonatal-specific prescribing guidelines, pharmacist-led medication reviews, and enhanced pharmacovigilance and training initiatives to promote safer and more consistent medication use in NICUs.

A Critical Review On The Development And Function Of Hridaya W.S.R. To Ayurvedic And Modern Embryological Literature

2025-08-05T10:44:33+00:00

The heart (Hridaya) holds a position of vital importance in both Ayurvedic and modern biomedical sciences. In Ayurveda, Hridaya is conceptualized not merely as an anatomical structure but as a fundamental seat of life, integrating physiological, psychological, and spiritual dimensions. It is regarded as the abode of Prana (vital life force), Ojas (vital essence or immunity), and Mana (mind), playing a pivotal role in sustaining consciousness, circulation, and vitality. Conversely, modern science describes the heart as a muscular organ of mesodermal origin, functioning as a central pump of the circulatory system and one of the first organs to develop during embryogenesis. This critical review explores the integrative concept of Hridaya by correlating its Ayurvedic understanding—derived from classical texts such as the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita—with the scientific processes of cardiac embryology and physiology described in contemporary medical literature. The article aims to investigate both the ontogeny (developmental origin) and the functional aspects of Hridaya from these two knowledge systems. A comparative analysis highlights commonalities, such as the early development and vital function of the heart, while also acknowledging philosophical and epistemological differences. By examining Hridaya through the dual lenses of Ayurvedic Garbha Sharira (embryology) and modern cardiogenesis, this review bridges traditional metaphysical insights with evidence-based developmental biology. It ultimately provides a holistic and enriched perspective on the origin, structure, and functional significance of the heart, inviting further interdisciplinary research into Ayurvedic anatomy and modern embryology

To Study the Organ Related to Artavavaha and Mutravaha Srotas with Their Applied Anatomy Mentioned in Ayurvedic and Modern Texts

2025-08-05T10:48:42+00:00

In Ayurvedic physiology, the concept of Srotas—intricate channels that facilitate the transport of various bodily substances—is fundamental to the understanding of human anatomy, physiology, and disease pathology. Two such significant Srotas are Ārtavavaha Srotas and Mutravaha Srotas, which are primarily responsible for reproductive and urinary functions, respectively. This review aims to critically evaluate the structural and functional attributes of these Srotas in light of classical Ayurvedic texts and correlate them with contemporary anatomical and physiological knowledge.The Ārtavavaha Srotas, which carry Ārtava (a term broadly encompassing menstrual blood and ovum), are described in Ayurveda as originating from the Garbhashaya (uterus) and Artavavaha Dhamanis (specific vessels). These structures show a strong anatomical correlation with the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes in modern science, which are central to the female reproductive system. On the other hand, the Mutravaha Srotas, responsible for urine formation and excretion, are associated with the Basti (urinary bladder) and kidneys. Modern anatomical parallels can be drawn with the renal system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.This integrative review highlights the anatomical and clinical relevance of these Srotas, exploring their role in both health and disease. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding classical Ayurvedic descriptions in the context of modern medical science, thereby promoting interdisciplinary research and holistic approaches to reproductive and urinary health.

Assessment Of Quality Of Life Amongst Oral Cancer Patients: A Prospective Questionnaire Based Study

2025-08-05T12:09:12+00:00

Introduction: Oral cancers are one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with significant health implications. The management of oral cancer often involves a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy, which while life-saving can lead to profound consequences on patient’s physical, psychological & social wellbeing.

Aim: To Evaluate QOL in oral cancer patients & assess the variables predicting the difficulty in mastication, swallowing and salivation after treatment, like surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy.

Method: A total of 82 patients were recorded qualifying the inclusion criteria of Biopsy proven Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Clinical TNM stage III & IV, No evidence of distant metastasis, No history of recurrence of cancer, and who would be Reconstructed at the time of surgical resection with distant flap. set of questionnaire comprises of data regarding quality of life

Results: The progression of patients' quality of life (QOL) was evaluated across three visits during the treatment period, revealing significant improvements over time. At the initial assessment, none of the patients reported a "Good" QOL. The majority were categorized as having a "Satisfactory" QOL. Notably, the "Satisfactory" and "Poor" QOL categories were entirely eliminated, indicating a universal enhancement in patients' well-being.

Conclusion: Quality of life is a concept that has become increasingly important in relation to patient outcomes following treatment for cancer.. The present analysis of patient-reported QOL outcomes may help guide treatment decisions for patients with OSCC based on accurate expectations of adverse effects of cancer treatment..

Diagnostic Accuracy of Whole-Body MRI Versus PET/CT in Cancer Staging: A meta anlysis

2025-08-06T05:20:49+00:00

Background:Accurate staging of solid malignancies is essential for appropriate treatment planning and prognostication. While 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) remains a standard imaging modality for systemic staging, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI), particularly with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), has emerged as a promising radiation-free alternative. This systematic review aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of WB-MRI versus FDG PET/CT in staging adult patients with solid tumors.

Methods:A systematic search of six databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library) was conducted up to July 2025. Studies were eligible if they included adult patients with solid tumors, employed head-to-head comparisons of WB-MRI and FDG PET/CT, and reported diagnostic performance metrics. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. A narrative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcome reporting.

Results:Ten open-access studies (N ≈ 3,400 patients) were included, spanning diverse tumor types including lung, colorectal, breast, prostate, and cervical cancers. Across studies, WB-MRI and PET/CT demonstrated comparable sensitivity (range: 67%–97.9%) and specificity (range: 89%–100%) in detecting metastases. WB-MRI showed superior performance in detecting bone lesions, while PET/CT was more sensitive for nodal and pulmonary metastases. Risk of bias was low in most studies.

Conclusions:WB-MRI provides diagnostic accuracy comparable to FDG PET/CT for staging solid tumors and offers distinct advantages in radiation safety and bone metastasis detection. Further research is needed to refine its role across tumor types and clinical settings

Impact of Diabetes on the Efficacy of Drug-Eluting Stents (DES): A Meta-Analysis

2025-08-06T07:26:15+00:00

The advent of drug-eluting stents (DES) revolutionized percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) by reducing restenosis rates compared to bare-metal stents (BMS). However, diabetes mellitus (DM), a known independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, complicates the therapeutic outcomes post-DES implantation. This meta-analysis systematically reviews and analyzes clinical outcomes to assess whether diabetes compromises the efficacy of DES, focusing on restenosis rates, target lesion revascularization (TLR), stent thrombosis (ST), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (2005–2024) were aggregated and analyzed. The findings suggest that while DES offers significant benefits to diabetic patients, they remain at a higher risk of adverse outcomes compared to non-diabetic patients, warranting careful patient selection and post-implantation management...

Efficacy of Remote Ischemic Conditioning (RIC) as an Adjunct to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in ST‑Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Patients: A Meta‑Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

2025-08-06T07:56:10+00:00

Background:Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), involving intermittent ischemia-reperfusion cycles in a distant limb, has emerged as a promising adjunctive strategy to reduce myocardial reperfusion injury during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Despite promising findings from early-phase studies, larger trials have reported conflicting results, necessitating an updated evaluation of its efficacy.

Objective:To systematically assess the efficacy of RIC as an adjunct to PCI in reducing adverse clinical outcomes and improving cardiac function in STEMI patients.

Methods:This meta-analysis adhered to PRISMA guidelines and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing RIC plus PCI versus PCI alone in adult STEMI patients. Searches were conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane

CENTRAL, and Web of Science through June 2024. Primary outcomes included cardiac death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE); secondary outcomes were infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Data were pooled using a random-effects model, with relative risks (RR) and mean differences (MD) calculated alongside 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:Three RCTs comprising 2,735 patients (1,372 in RIC, 1,363 in control) were included. While RIC did not significantly reduce cardiac death (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.75–1.03; p = 0.11) or MACE (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.78–1.07; p = 0.24), it significantly improved LVEF (MD = +3.2%, 95% CI: 1.1–5.3; p = 0.004). A non-significant trend toward reduced infarct size was observed (MD = −2.4g, 95% CI: −5.1 to 0.3; p = 0.08). Subgroup analysis revealed that repeated RIC protocols yielded a significant reduction in adverse events (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66–0.99; p = 0.04), suggesting frequency and timing may influence therapeutic benefit.

Conclusion:Although RIC did not significantly impact mortality or MACE rates, it was associated with improved cardiac function as reflected by enhanced LVEF. Repeated RIC protocols may offer superior benefits compared to single-session strategies. These findings support the cardioprotective role of RIC as a non-invasive, cost-effective adjunct during PCI for STEMI patients. Further high-quality RCTs with standardised protocols and long-term follow-up are needed to confirm its clinical utility

Smart Nanomaterials in Medicine: Integrating Ai and Iot for Real-Time Health Monitoring and Therapeutics

2025-08-06T08:39:40+00:00

Background: The integration of smart nanomaterials with artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a transformative opportunity in healthcare, offering the potential to significantly enhance real-time health monitoring and therapeutic interventions. These emerging technologies promise more precise diagnostics, personalized treatment, and improved patient outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to explore the adoption of innovative nanomaterials, artificial intelligence(AI), and the Internet of Things in healthcare — perceptions, challenges, and possibilities. This paper looks at how these technologies help improve the efficiency of real-time health tracking and therapy and the possible hurdles that will prevent these instruments from working effectively.

Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative survey involved 250 participants including healthcare professionals, researchers, and technologists. A formalized questionnaire containing both the Likert scale and closed questions was used to gather the data on awareness of the technologies, perceived efficiency, and identified difficulties. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and reliability tests were conducted in data analysis.

Results: According to the results obtained, there was a fair level of awareness of AI and IoT in healthcare, highlighting that data privacy was the most significant challenge (35%), followed by cost at 30%. The respondents are aware of the benefits in which the utilization of nanomaterials can be practical, specifically in monitoring health, since the results are not generally distributed according to the Shapiro-Wilk test. In addition, while finding a Cronbach's Alpha value of (0.13), it can be understood that there is poor internal consistency with the survey questions measured using the Likert scale format and poor survey design.

Conclusion: Intelligent materials, AI, and IoT have a wide range of applications in healthcare but have not been fully implemented because of privacy and cost issues. The only way to reduce this will be by gaining further awareness of the problems addressed here through education and improved data protection mechanisms. Therefore, there is a need to conduct more research and refine the methodologies that can successfully explain the attributes that characterize the adoption of the technologies into medical practice.

Exploring The Efficacy Of Ayurveda And Panchakarma In Femoral Head Avn: A Critical Integrative Review

2025-08-06T09:01:26+00:00

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a debilitating condition caused by compromised blood supply, leading to osteocyte death and progressive joint degeneration. Conventional treatments such as bisphosphonates, core decompression, and arthroplasty often provide limited long-term efficacy and are associated with high recurrence or complications. This necessitates the exploration of integrative approaches. Ayurveda provides a unique perspective on such degenerative bone conditions through the concepts of Dhatu Kshaya (tissue depletion), Vata Prakopa (vitiation of Vata), and Asthi-Majja Dushti (derangement of bone and marrow tissues). The present review critically explores Ayurvedic management strategies for femoral head AVN, with a focus on Panchakarma therapies (Basti, Abhyanga, Swedana, etc.) and Rasayana interventions using classical formulations and herbs like Ashwagandha, Guduchi, Shilajatu, and Guggulu. A comparative analysis of classical references, modern scientific studies, and reported clinical experiences is undertaken to formulate an integrative model for AVN management. This review highlights the potential of Ayurvedic interventions in not only halting the progression of the disease but also supporting regeneration and functional improvement. The findings suggest that Panchakarma and Rasayana, when administered appropriately, can enhance bone metabolism, improve vascular perfusion, reduce inflammation, and support overall joint health. Thus, Ayurveda may offer a safe and sustainable therapeutic approach in femoral head AVN, especially in early to moderate stages, warranting further scientific validation.

Comparative Evaluation Of Fracture Resistance Of Bulk-Fill and Conventional Resin Composites Used For The Restoration Of Endodontically Treated Teeth: An In-Vitro Study

2025-08-06T11:49:57+00:00

Aim: To compare the fracture resistance of bulk-fill resin composites and conventional resin composites used to restore endodontically treated maxillary premolars.

Settings and Design: Academic, invitro study

Materials and Methods: After seeking approval from the institutional ethical committee following extracted premolars were selected, disinfected and , divided into six groups (n=15 each). Group 1 was left intact (control); Group 2 received endodontic treatment without restoration (positive control). Groups 3–6 received endodontic treatment and were restored with either bulk-fill (Beautifil Bulk, Prime Restorite) or conventional composites (Beautifil II, Dentsply Spectrum). Standard MOD cavity preparations and root canal procedures were performed. The restorations were done as per the respective manufacturer’s instructions. All specimens were mounted in acrylic and subjected to vertical compressive force using a Universal Testing Machine. Fracture loads were recorded in Newtons (N).

Statistical Analysis: Data were analysed using Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05).

Results: The intact group had the highest fracture resistance (1691.06 N), followed by Beautifil Bulk (1546 N), Dentsply Spectrum (1478.93 N), and Prime Restorite (1226.33 N). Beautifil II (755.27 N) and the positive control group (704 N) showed the lowest values. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among most groups, except between Beautifil II and the positive control, suggesting limited reinforcement from Beautifil II.

Conclusion: Bulk-fill composites, especially Beautifil Bulk, significantly enhance the fracture resistance of ETTs and offer clinical advantages over conventional composites in terms of ease of application and reduced treatment time. These materials represent a promising solution for posterior restorations where high load resistance is required.

Effect of Storage Media on Fracture Resistance of Reattached Tooth Fragments

2025-08-06T11:57:42+00:00

Background: The present study was planned to compare the fracture resistance of fractured incisor tooth fragments stored in four storage media namely, dry air, milk, normal saline or egg white which were eventually reattached using nanohybrid flowable composite.

Material and methods: Forty- eight freshly extracted maxillary incisor were divided in to four groups.Teeth were then sectioned and fragments were stored in dry air (Group A),milk (Group B),Normal saline (Group C), and Egg white (Group D).The fragments were reattached using Nanohybrid flowable composite and tested on the Universal testing machine.Stastical analysis was performed using one way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test.

Results: Post hoc Tukey's test was performed for group wise comparison that showed no statistically significant difference in fracture resistance values between Group A and Group D (p=0.61, p> 0.005); Group B and Group D ( p=0.25, p> 0.005); Group C and Group A (p=0.66, p>0.005); Group D and Group A (p=0.61, p> 0.005). ANOVA indicated no significant difference between Group A, Group B, Group C, Group D.

Conclusion: This study shows that the use of storage media for the hydration of the fractured tooth fragment does affect its fracture resistance. Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that Normal saline offers highest fracture resistance for 2 h. followed by Milk, with least being in Egg white.

Cardioprotective Potentials of Medicinal Plants: An Integrative Review of Herbal Interventions in Cardiovascular Disorders

2025-08-06T12:17:47+00:00

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality globally, largely
attributed to sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, psychological stress, and environmental
factors. Although conventional pharmacological therapies exist, they often carry drawbacks
such as adverse effects, high cost, and limited long-term efficacy. Traditional medicine
systems—especially Siddha, an ancient Dravidian practice—offer promising botanical

Rizwan Ul Hasan, Sanjay Kumar Yadav, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Alam, Rizwan Ahmad, Rinkesh
Kumar

alternatives with cardioprotective potential. Siddha formulations, historically documented in
palm-leaf manuscripts, incorporate numerous herbs with demonstrated cardiovascular
benefits. This review comprehensively explores the cardioprotective efficacy of various
medicinal plants, focusing on their phytoconstituents, pharmacological actions, and
mechanisms of action. Plants such as Terminalia chebula, Piper longum, Zingiber officinale,
Tinospora cordifolia, Asparagus racemosus, Andrographis paniculata, Nelumbo nucifera,
Allium sativum, and Bauhinia variegata have shown significant effects in preclinical and
clinical studies. Other botanicals like Azadirachta indica, Bacopa monnieri, Curcuma longa,
Hygrophila auriculata, Nigella sativa, Ocimum basilicum, Terminalia arjuna, Withania
somnifera, and Tribulus terrestris also exhibit therapeutic potential against myocardial
infarction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, arrhythmias, and doxorubicin-induced
cardiotoxicity. This review emphasizes the phytochemical richness and multi-targeted
mechanisms of these herbs—ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions to
modulation of lipid profiles and vascular function. With nearly 80% of the global population
relying on traditional medicine, integrating validated plant-based remedies into mainstream
cardiovascular care could provide safer, more affordable, and holistic options for the
prevention and management of CVDs.

Impurity-Driven Phase Behaviour Changes and Risk of Phase Separation in CO₂ Transport and Storage

2025-08-07T07:06:33+00:00

The integration of carbon capture and storage (CCS) into climate mitigation strategies demands a comprehensive understanding of the phase behaviour of CO₂, especially when transported and injected with impurities. Industrial CO₂ streams are rarely pure and typically contain varying amounts of gases such as nitrogen (N₂), methane (CH₄), oxygen (O₂), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), hydrogen sulphide (H₂S), argon (Ar), and water vapor (H₂O). These impurities significantly alter the thermophysical properties and phase behaviour of CO₂, affecting its compressibility, viscosity, density, and critical point. Impurities can shift the phase envelope, increase the risk of two-phase flow, and cause phase separation during transport and injection, potentially leading to operational inefficiencies, increased corrosion risk, and mechanical stress on infrastructure. This review critically analyses how different impurities influence CO₂ phase behaviour under pipeline and reservoir conditions. Emphasis is placed on the implications of phase instability for flow assurance, pipeline integrity, and reservoir performance. Additionally, we discuss current modelling approaches and experimental findings that aid in predicting and managing impurity-driven phase transitions. Understanding these effects is essential for designing safe and efficient CCS systems, especially under high-pressure, high-temperature subsurface conditions.

Extended Totally Extra-Peritoneal Repair (Etep) Vs Conventional Laparoscopic Repair With Defect Closure (Ipom Plus) For Umbilical Hernias: A Single-Center Study

2025-08-07T07:40:39+00:00

Background: General surgery professionals carry out umbilical hernia repair as a frequently repeating surgical procedure. Medical professionals have widely accepted IPOM repair with defect closure (called IPOM plus) for conventional intraperitoneal onlay mesh procedures. Medical professionals currently focus on extended totally extra-peritoneal repair (eTEP) because this procedure shows promise in decreasing postoperative complications as well as pain levels and improving recovery periods.

Methods: The study performed in a single tertiary care center utilized a prospective observational approach when examining IPOM plus techniques and eTEP procedures for treating umbilical hernias. The researchers distributed sixty qualified patients between two groups: Group A (IPOM plus) and Group B (eTEP). The study tracked postoperative outcomes which included pain (Visual Analog Scale) measurement together with operative duration and hospitalization length and hernial complications like seroma and wound infection and recurrence. The manuscript displays numerical data using numbers alongside percentages as descriptive statistics. All data analysis used t-test combined with Fisher’s Exact test with chi-square test according to the appropriate scenario and accepted a significance level below 0.05.

Results: The cohort participants had an average age of 48.15 years, although they showed a minor male majority throughout the study sample. Patients who underwent IPOM plus experienced procedure duration that was considerably shorter than patients in the other group. Postoperative pain ratings showed better results among eTEP patients who demonstrated lower scores during the time period from day 1 until day 7 and months 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). The eTEP group spent fewer days at the hospital than patients undergoing eTEP (6.8 days) (5.8 days) (p < 0.05). The risk of seroma formation together with wound infections remained similar for both patient groups.

Conclusion: The eTEP hernia repair method outperforms IPOM plus surgery because it leads to shorter operative durations as well as reduced postoperative pain and decreased hospitalization periods. The solution of eTEP demonstrates potential to serve as a superior choice than IPOM plus for treating umbilical hernias. Further research involving multiple hospitals will need to confirm these study findings.

Awareness, Perceptions, and Barriers Related to Orthodontic Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the Indian Population

2025-08-07T09:50:59+00:00

Introduction:Orthodontic treatment plays a crucial role in correcting malocclusion and improving oral function, aesthetics, and quality of life. Despite advances in orthodontics, a gap persists between the availability of treatment and its uptake, particularly in developing countries like India. Limited awareness, misconceptions, and perceived barriers often delay or prevent individuals from seeking timely care. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess the awareness, perceptions, motivations, and barriers related to orthodontic treatment among a diverse Indian population and examine their associations with age and gender.

Materials and Methods:A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 365 participants aged 12 years and above. The survey was administered electronically through social media platforms using a structured Google Form. The questionnaire included demographic information, general awareness, treatment motivations, knowledge and misconceptions, and barriers to orthodontic care. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to assess associations with age groups and gender, using SPSS v26.0.

Results:Most respondents were aware of orthodontic treatment (87.7%) and recognized its esthetic and functional benefits. However, detailed knowledge, such as correct treatment timing and scope, varied significantly with age (p < 0.05) but not gender. Aesthetic concerns were the primary motivation (28%), while functional reasons were less cited. The most common barriers were lack of perceived need (33.4%), time constraints (16.7%), and social discomfort with braces (14%). Social acceptance was a more frequent concern among females (p = 0.045) and younger age groups.

Conclusion:While general awareness of orthodontics is high, detailed knowledge remains inconsistent, and misconceptions persist. Age influences both awareness and perceived need, suggesting that age-targeted educational strategies, especially among youth, are essential to improve orthodontic literacy and access.

The Influence of CYP7A1 and CYP1A2 Genes on the Pathogenesis of Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura

2025-08-07T09:56:30+00:00

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in pediatric patients is an autoimmune condition Illness characterized by persistent thrombocytopenia resulting from immune-mediated platelet depletion. The actual pathophysiology of ITP remains unclear, with hereditary variables likely impacting illness severity and development.

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the gene expression of the CYP7A1 and CYP1A2 genes in patients with ITP in comparison to healthy controls, and to examine their potential significance as diagnostic biomarkers for the illness.

Methods: One hundred samples (fifty ITP cases and fifty controls) were analyzed from Wasit Oncology Center. Gene expression analysis of CYP7A1 and CYP1A2 was conducted via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), normalized against GAPDH. The relative expression levels were evaluated with the Livak technique (2^-ΔΔCT), and a ROC analysis (receiver operating characteristic) was performed to determine its detection efficacy.

Results: The gene expression levels of CYP7A1 and CYP1A2 were significantly higher in ITP patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001).ROC analysis found that CYP7A1 (AUC = 1.000, cutoff = 9.13) and CYP1A2 (AUC = 1.000, cutoff = 17.72) demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated a highly significant association between genes (CYP7A1 and CYP1A2) expression levels in ITP patients. This may indicate the role of genes in regulatory interaction in ITP pathogenesis

Effect of phototherapy on peroxidase, myeloperoxidase activities, oxidized protein and calcium levels in Iraqi vitiligo patients

2025-08-07T10:00:18+00:00

Background: Vitiligo is a skin condition in which the skin loses its color due to the destruction of pigment cells , meantime oxidative stress plays a significant role in triggering this damage. Peroxidases are members of the oxidoreductases enzymes that reduce hydroperoxides via the decomposition of a great variety of substrates into harmlessly components. The oxidative cycle of peroxidases involves the reduction of an electron-donor substrate, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide . The heme enzyme; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is released in the europhilic granules of neutrophils, and to a lesser degree in the lysosomes of monocytes to forming reactive oxygen intermediates (hypochlorous acid ; a powerful oxidant) to kill internalized bacteria and other pathogens.

Objective: The study aims to assess oxidative stress in vitiligo patients by measuring peroxidase and myeloperoxidase activities to explore their role in the diseases and the effect of phototherapy on the oxidative stress status represented by the oxidized proteins , enzymes activities and the level of calcium.

Materials and methods: One hundred fifty participants were included in the present study divided equally to three groups as follow: patients treated with NB-UVB(PUV), newly diagnosis groups(PV) , and apparently healthy as control(C). All studied parameters were determined by using appropriate spectrophotometric method.

Results: Results showed high significant increases in the serum oxidized proteins level , as well peroxidases and MPO activities in both patients groups (PUV and PN) in comparison to that of C group While, no significant was observed in PUV compared with PN group for oxidized proteins level and significant increase in PN over PUV in activities of the two enzymes. In contrast the results appeared a significant decrease in calcium level of PUV when compared with C. whilst, no significant changes were seen between the PN and C group as well as PUV with PN.

Conclusion: The study showed that phototherapy reduces oxidative stress in vitiligo patients, reflected in decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, resulting from reduced defense needs. Changes in oxidized protein and calcium were also observed, indicating a clear effect of the treatment on internal balance.

In-Vivo Acute Dermal Irritation Study Of Desonide-Curcumin Niosomal Gel: An Experimental Approachs

2025-08-07T10:04:20+00:00

Topical niosomal gels have gained considerable attention for enhancing localized drug delivery and reducing systemic side effects. Desonide, a corticosteroid, and curcumin, a natural anti-inflammatory compound, are both recognized for their therapeutic potential in treating skin inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the dermal irritation potential of a Curcumin–Desonideniosomal gel in Wistar rats using OECD guideline 404. Thirty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6 each): Group I (Normal Control), Group II (Positive Control with 0.8% formaldehyde), Group III (Placebo gel base), Group IV (Curcumin–Desonideniosomal gel), and Group V (Marketed Diclofenacniosomal gel). Skin reactions were observed and scored at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-application using the Draize scoring system for erythema, edema, and swelling. The results demonstrated no skin reactions in the normal control group, while the formaldehyde-treated group showed severe irritation with high scores across all parameters. The placebo group exhibited only very slight irritation at 24 hours that resolved by 48 hours. The Curcumin–Desonideniosomal gel group showed minimal erythema at 24 hours, with no edema or swelling, and no signs of irritation at 48 and 72 hours. The marketed niosomal gel also showed minimal erythema with no other adverse effects. These findings confirm that the Curcumin–Desonideniosomal gel is well-tolerated and non-irritant, supporting its potential as a safe and effective topical formulation for anti-inflammatory therapy.

The social and ethical issues faced by chronically ill female cancer patients

2025-08-08T04:35:59+00:00

This study examines and explains the impact of chronic illness on the social fabric and related ethical issues in female cancer patients. Sixty female patients from the medical oncology department from private medical college Hospital participated in this study. The data was collected from responses to a self-administered validated questionnaire comprising of 5 domains. The 5 domains used were i) Dependency ii) Communication iii) Issues with gender iv) Hesitancy regarding personal acts and, v) Emotional components. The domains were used and social and ethical issues were dissected out. The response to most of the domains consisting queries regarding autonomy and dignity in this study was moderate. A significant proportion of the participants however, showed concern in emotional domain with 70% being forced to spend time in bed during episodes of pain and 73.3% fearing to lose hope if left alone during their illness. This study emphasized the importance of social and ethical issues arising from chronic illness like cancer.

Emotional Intelligence And Its Influence On Work-Life Balance Among Mixed Working Professionals In Coimbatore

2025-08-08T05:29:21+00:00

This study investigates the influence of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on Work-Life Balance (WLB) among mixed working professionals in Coimbatore. Emotional intelligence is increasingly recognized as a critical skill that helps professionals manage emotional demands, improve interpersonal relationships, and strike a balance between work and personal life. A total sample of 211 respondents from diverse occupational sectors was surveyed. The study uses a descriptive and comparative research design to analyze EI’s six core dimensions—Self-Awareness, Self-Regulation, Motivation, Empathy, Social Skills, and Workplace Emotional Adaptability—across various professions. Findings reveal a positive correlation between high EI and improved work-life balance across all professional groups, with minor variations based on industry-specific challenges.

A Study To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of Cognitive Exercises In Improving Cognitive Abilities Of Elderly With Dementia In Selected Old Age Home, Namakkal

2025-08-08T10:54:30+00:00

A normal aspect of ageing is the potential for cognitive ability to deteriorate somewhat as people get older. On the other, minor cognitive impairment or even dementia or a significant neurocognitive illness may develop if this cognitive decline worsens. A common problem among people over 60 is cognitive deterioration. It is anticipated that India’s old population would triple to two billion people. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive exercises in improving cognitive functions & to find out the association between post-test level of cognitive functions with their selected Demographic variables among the elderly with dementia in a selected old age home in Namakkal. A quasi-experimental pretest and post-test design was adopted for this study. A total of 40 elderly with dementia were selected using purposive sampling technique from a selected old-age home, Namakkal & those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Cognitive functions were assessed using a standardized tool Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Cognitive exercises, including memory tasks, puzzles & attention-based activities were administered. The data were analyzed using descriptive & inferential statistics. The average score for cognitive functions in older adults with dementia was 21.65 with 34.36% prior to the intervention, & it is 18.22 with 28.92% mean percentage after the intervention. Elderly with dementia had pretest median & SD scores of 21 & 4.67 for cognitive functions, and post-test median and SD scores of 18 & 4.02. For cognitive function, the t-test value is 7.07. At the 0.05 level of significance, the computed value of 7.07 is greater than the tabulated value of 1.96 at 39 df. It indicates that cognitive exercises are useful in enhancing the cognitive functions among elderly with dementia. The chi-square analysis was used to find the association between the post test level of cognitive functions among elderly with their selected demographic variables. It shows that the calculated value is greater than the table value in occupation before entering the old-age home and length of stay are significantly associated with their selected demographic variables.

Solubility Enhancement of Sunitinib Using PVP K-30 and Urea-Based Solid Dispersions: Comparative Formulation and Kinetic Evaluation

2025-08-08T11:39:37+00:00

Sunitinib is a poorly water-soluble, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST). Enhancing its solubility and dissolution is crucial for improving bioavailability. This study explores the solid dispersion technique as an effective approach for solubility enhancement. Solid dispersions of Sunitinib were prepared using the solvent evaporation method with hydrophilic carriers PVP K-30 and urea in different drug-to-carrier ratios. The formulations were evaluated through solubility studies, in vitro dissolution, and drug release kinetics. UV spectrophotometric analysis showed maximum absorbance at 457 nm, confirming suitability for quantitative determination. Among the formulations, the dispersion containing Sunitinib and urea in a 1:2 ratio F4 exhibited the highest drug release (249.38 µg/ml in 90 minutes), with the drug release following first-order kinetics. From the observation, urea proved more convenient for enhancing the solubility of Sunitinib. The results indicate that solid dispersion with appropriate carriers significantly improves dissolution behaviour. This study confirms that solid dispersion is a promising strategy to improve the aqueous solubility of hydrophobic drugs like Sunitinib, thereby enhancing their therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability.

Formulation and Evaluation of Lacquer of fluconazole for Transungual Drug Delivery System

2025-08-08T12:29:05+00:00

Transungal drug delivery system refers to the delivery of drugs through the nail plate (the hard, visible part of the nail) for therapeutic purposes. The study was based on the Formulation and Evaluation of Lacquer of fluconazole for Transungual Drug Delivery System. The fluconazole was purchased from the Dhamtec Pharma and Consultants, Navi Mumbai, India. The nail lacquer using fluconazole was formulated by simple mixing method. Characterization of nail lacquer was done through various parameters i.e., non-volatile content, drying time, smoothness, gloss, water resistance, viscosity, color, in-vitro transungual permeation studies and stability studies. Evaluation of antifungal activity of nail lacquers using disc diffusion method. In results, the color was found as transparent and homogenous in F1-F4 Nail Lacquers of fluconazole. It exhibited a maximum in-vitro transungual permeation in F3 as 95.7±0.6 %. The stability test was carried out for 1 month and there was no significant change observed in colour, non-volatile content, drying time, smoothness and water resistance. All the formulations of fluconazole lacquer exhibited significant anti-fungal activity. Zone inhibition was estimated as 11.2 mm, 13.8 mm, 19.4mm, 16.1 mm and 32.4 mm in F1, F2, F3, F4 and Fluconazole group. In conclusion, fluconazole lacquer (F1-F4) demonstrated a potential characterization parameter when estimated for color, non-volatile content, drying time, smoothness, water resistance and in-vitro transungual permeation studies. However, F3 exhibited a much significant data. The anti-fungal potential was also estimated highest in F3. Thus, it can be said that F3 is the optimized formulations.

Development and Evaluation of Gallic Acid- Loaded Solid Lipid Nano-particles

2025-08-08T15:24:22+00:00

The current study was based on the Development and Evaluation of Gallic Acid- Loaded Solid Lipid Nano-particles. Gallic acid was purchased from the Oxford Lab Fine Chem LLP, India. Stearic acid, Span 20, Tweens 80 (Sigma Aldrich, India), distilled water, ethanol were procured from the local chemical shop in Haridwar, UK. In Preformulation studies, various parameters i.e., organoleptic properties, melting point, solubility, Drug excipients compatibility studies and Preparation of Standard Calibration Curve. Preparation of gallic acid- based solid lipid nanoparticles was done using spray-drying method. It was characterized for various parameters i.e., Physical appearance, Entrapment efficiency, Drug content determination, pH determination, Determination of particles size & PDI, SEM analysis, In vitro drug release and Stability studies. Gallic acid was found partial soluble in distilled water and soluble in Tween 80 and Span 20, ethanol and DMSO. Both stearic acid and cholesterol dissolved it sparingly. After 6 hours, F3 and F4 showed % drug release as 96.4±0.2, 93.2±0.5 %, respectively. Maximum release was found in F3. In conclusion, among the several forms of solid lipid nanoparticles of gallic acid, F3 demonstrated the most significant formulation i.e., in-vitro drug release, droplet size, and drug content. It also showed improved stability, with no significant change in pH, % drug release and physical appearances after being stored for 30 days. Gallic acid is promising natural moiety with a wide range of potential health benefits. Gallic acid solid lipid nanoparticles can be utilized as anti-fungal or anti-bacterial agent with sustained release

Formulation And Evaluation of A Novel Herbal Cream Containing Tretinoin and Pomegranate Extract for The Management of Premature Aging

2025-08-11T05:01:29+00:00

This study aimed to develop an effective anti-aging cream by combining Tretinoin, a proven retinoid, with pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract known for its antioxidant properties. Creams were prepared using varying concentrations of Tretinoin (0.01%–0.1%) and pomegranate extract (5%–15%) and evaluated for stability, pH, viscosity, skin permeability, and antioxidant activity. In vitro studies assessed collagen synthesis and elastin production. The combination significantly enhanced skin texture, hydration, and antioxidant response, highlighting synergistic anti-aging effects. The results suggest that integrating herbal extracts with Tretinoin offers a promising approach for developing natural and effective anti-aging skincare products

Formulation and Charecterization and Evaluation Gentamicin Sulphate and Loratadine Emulgel for Treatment as Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Allergic

2025-08-11T05:05:37+00:00

This research focuses on developing a topical emulgel system formulation combining Gentamicin sulphate aminoglycoside (an antibiotic and allergic agent) to enhance the better treatment of localized skin infections and allergic reactions. Loratadine H1 receptor (an anti-allergic). Emulgel, a hybrid novel system of emulsion and gel, allows for effective delivery of both hydrophilic waters loving nature and hydrophobic drugs while bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass metabolism in the formulation offers several many type advantages, including improved patient compliance, enhanced skin penetration, better stability, thixotropy, High Spredaability, and non-greasy texture. Pre-formulation studies assessed the compatibility and solubility of both drugs, Gentamicin Sulphate and Loratadine along with physicochemical properties like pH, melting point, TLC, Particle size, flowability, as angle of repose, bulk tapped density and FTIR analysis. Emulgel was prepared using Carbopol grade as a gelling agent, Span 20 and Tween 20 as emulsifiers, and preservatives like methyl and propyl parabens. Triethanolamine pH adjuster, Evaluation studies included organoleptic assessment, rheology, in vitro drug release, zeta potential, SEM imaging, skin irritation tests, and stability studies. The dual-drug combination aims to provide desired therapeutic effects against bacterial infections and allergic inflammation, overcoming solubility limitations and ensuring better topical absorption. This research supports the development of an effective dermatological treatment with improved clinical outcomes and patient convenience. This research demonstrates that combining Gentamicin and Loratadine in an emulgel base not only enhances their individual therapeutic potentials but also ensures patient compliance, localized action, and reduction of systemic side effects. The findings support the potential of this dual-drug emulgel as a promising alternative in dermatological therapy, offering improved outcomes for patients with concurrent skin infections and allergic responses.

Comparative Study on Mouth Dissolving Film and Mouth Dissolving Tablet for Naproxen

2025-08-11T05:20:37+00:00

The primary objective of this review is to explore the formulation and comprehensive evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablets (MDTs) and Mouth Dissolving Films (MDFs) containing Naproxen, utilizing two distinct formulation techniques: direct compression for tablets and solvent casting for films. These dosage forms were developed with the goal of enhancing the disintegration characteristics of Naproxen by employing various concentrations of functional excipients.

Naproxen is a well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and functions as a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. It is extensively prescribed for managing conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, and other musculoskeletal and inflammatory disorders. However, one of the major limitations of Naproxen is its poor aqueous solubility, coupled with a relatively long elimination half-life of approximately 12 to 17 hours, which can lead to delayed onset of therapeutic action.

To overcome these formulation challenges and to achieve a rapid therapeutic response, both MDTs and MDFs were designed to facilitate faster drug release and absorption. In the tablet formulations, synthetic superdisintegrants such as croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate were incorporated to enhance the disintegration efficiency and promote quicker breakdown in the oral cavity. On the other hand, the film formulations employed polymeric film-forming agents including maltodextrin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). These polymers not only aid in structural integrity and flexibility of the films but also significantly contribute to accelerated disintegration upon contact with saliva.

The development of these novel oral dosage forms aims to provide better patient compliance, particularly in pediatric and geriatric populations, by eliminating the need for water during administration and offering a convenient and fast-acting alternative to conventional tablets or capsules

Efficacy Of Sex Education On Academic Depression Behaviour Of Schooling Adolescents With Special Needs In Nsukka Education Zone Of Enugu State, Nigeria

2025-08-11T09:28:24+00:00

This paper assessed the efficacy of sex education on academic depression behavior of schooling adolescents with special needs. Pre-test posttest randomized control trial experimental design was adopted by the researchers for the study. Fifty two (52) schooling adolescents who were drawn through proportionate stratified random sampling technique constituted the sample for the study. The school adolescents with special needs were randomly assigned to experimental (30) and control (22) groups. Depression Assessment Scale for Schooling Adolescents with Special Needs (DASSASN) and Academic Depression Behaviour Scale for Schooling Adolescents with Special Needs (ADBSSASN) were used for data collection. DASSASN and ADBSSASN were duly validated by experts in test development and the internal consistency reliability index of the items estimated as 0.78 and 0.77 respectively using Cronbach alpha method. Before the commencement of the testing and treatment programme, the researchers assured the participants of confidentiality of interactions and personal information as they work to get her in self-disclosure. After that, pretreatment assessment (pre-test) was conducted using the DASSASN and ADBSSASN in order to collect baseline data (Time 1). After that the experimental group was exposed to 90 minutes of the sex education (SE) programme twice a week for a period of 6 weeks. The treatment took place May and June, 2024. Post-test (Time 2) assessment was conducted one week after the last treatment session. Besides, a follow-up assessment was conducted after two months of the treatment (Time 3). Data collected were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The findings of the study revealed that the efficacy of sex education on the reduction of depression behavior among schooling adolescents with special needs was significant at post-test and follow-up measures. One of the implications of the findings is that if schooling adolescents with special needs are not properly counseled, their depression behavior will continue to increase. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that Federal Government or relevant authorities should provide enough guidance counselors in the various institutions of higher learning who will assist in the counselling of schooling adolescents with special needs on dangers of depression using sex education.

Exploring Herbal and Natural Product Use as a Preventive Health Strategy During COVID-19: Insights from District Qilla Abdullah, Balochistan

2025-08-11T09:53:56+00:00

COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global health systems, particularly in rural and resource-limited regions, where communities often rely on traditional medicine for managing infections. In District Qilla Abdullah, Balochistan, Pakistan, local populations turned to indigenous medicinal plants to treat and prevent COVID-19-related symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, loss of taste, diarrhea and respiratory difficulties. This study aimed to document and analyze the prevalence and cultural importance of herbal remedies used during the pandemic. Ethnobotanical data were gathered through interviews with traditional practitioners and local residents. A total of 80 plant species belonging to 38 botanical families were identified, Lamiaceae family emerged as the most dominant, represented by 12 species. Quantitative indices, including Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Use Value (UV), Family Importance Value (FIV), Fidelity Level (FL), and Use Reports (UR), were employed to evaluate the relevance of each plant. Trachyspermum ammi L. recorded the highest RFC (0.05) and FIV (4.5), reflecting its widespread use across the region. Other culturally significant species included Adiantum capillus-veneris, Artemisia vulgaris L., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, each with an FIV of 4.0. Remarkably, Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze and Terminalia chebula Retz. showed a Fidelity Level of 100%, indicating unanimous agreement among informants regarding their efficacy in symptom management. In terms of usage diversity, Adiantum capillus-veneris had the highest Use Reports (UR = 6), followed by Glycyrrhiza glabra L. with five distinct therapeutic applications. Despite the documented therapeutic value of these species, access was hindered by challenges such as seasonal unavailability and elevated market prices during the pandemic. This study highlights the enduring relevance of traditional medicinal knowledge in rural healthcare systems and underscores the importance of integrating validated ethnobotanical practices into formal healthcare policies, especially in the context of public health emergencies like COVID-19. These findings also provide a foundational dataset for future pharmacological investigations and conservation planning of medicinal plant resources in the region.

Formulation And Evaluation Of Transdermal Patches Of 5-Fluorouracil For The Treatment Of Skin Cancer

2025-08-11T10:28:50+00:00

The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of transdermal patches of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) intended for the topical treatment of skin cancer, aiming to enhance localized drug delivery while minimizing systemic side effects. 5-FU, a potent antimetabolite used in chemotherapy, suffers from poor skin permeability and rapid metabolism when administered conventionally. To overcome these limitations, transdermal drug delivery offers a non-invasive and controlled release system that can maintain therapeutic drug levels at the site of action.

Transdermal patches were prepared using solvent casting technique employing various polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) either alone or in combinations, along with suitable plasticizers like glycerol or polyethylene glycol (PEG 400). The prepared patches were subjected to a series of physicochemical evaluations including thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, surface pH, drug content uniformity, moisture content, water vapor transmission rate, and in vitro drug release studies using Franz diffusion cell.

Among the different formulations, the patch containing HPMC:EC in a 2:1 ratio exhibited optimal physical properties and sustained drug release up to 24 hours, showing a cumulative drug release of over 85%, indicating a controlled release pattern. The in vitro permeation study demonstrated enhanced skin penetration, and FTIR studies confirmed no significant interaction between 5-FU and the excipients. The stability studies, conducted as per ICH guidelines, showed no significant changes in drug content and appearance over a period of three months.

In conclusion, the formulated transdermal patches of 5-fluorouracil offer a promising alternative to conventional topical or systemic therapies for skin cancer by enabling localized, sustained delivery of the drug with improved patient compliance and reduced systemic toxicity..

Impact of 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring on Early Neurological Outcomes in Acute Stroke: A Prospective Observational Study

2025-08-11T11:44:23+00:00

Background and Objective:The role of blood pressure (BP) fluctuations during the acute phase of stroke remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the circadian pattern of BP using 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in acute stroke patients and analyze its association with short-term neurological outcomes.

Materials and Methods:A total of 108 patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, presenting within 24 hours of symptom onset, were enrolled. Initial BP readings were recorded using three supine measurements at 5-minute intervals, and the average was noted. ABPM was conducted on day 1, capturing various BP parameters over 24 hours. Functional status was assessed at admission using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), repeated on day 6 and at 1-month follow-up. BP patterns—dipper, nondipper, and reverse dipper—were identified and correlated with neurological recovery.

Results:Most patients exhibited a nondipping BP pattern, followed by reverse dippers and dippers. Elevated mean 24-hour systolic BP (SBP), daytime SBP, and nighttime SBP were significantly associated with unfavorable functional outcomes (mRS 4–6) at both day 6 and 1 month. Higher initial and day 6 casual SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) were also predictive of worse prognosis at 1 month.

Conclusion:In acute stroke patients, elevated 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime SBP values—especially in nondipping profiles—are strongly correlated with poor short-term neurological outcomes. ABPM may be a valuable tool in prognostication and early risk stratification in stroke care.

Association Between Glycemic Control and Hematological Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study

2025-08-11T11:50:00+00:00

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major preventable cause of morbidity due to its chronic complications. Emerging evidence suggests that hyperglycemia affects hematological parameters, which may serve as accessible indicators of disease severity and associated risks.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of glycemic control on hematological indices among patients with T2DM.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 300 patients with T2DM. Participants were categorized into two groups based on glycemic control: Group A with controlled diabetes (HbA1c <7%) and Group B with uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c >7%). Data on clinical history, laboratory findings, and hematological parameters were collected and analyzed.

Results: Of the 300 patients, 115 (38.3%) had controlled diabetes and 185 (61.7%) had uncontrolled diabetes. Patients with poor glycemic control showed significantly higher levels of total leukocyte count (TLC), monocytes, basophils, red cell distribution width (RDW-CV), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR), plateletcrit (PCT), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (p < 0.05). Conversely, red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were significantly lower in this group (p < 0.05). HbA1c levels showed positive correlations with TLC, neutrophils, basophils, PDW, MPV, PCT, NLR, and PLR, and negative correlations with RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit (HCT), and MCV.

Conclusion: Poor glycemic control in T2DM is associated with increased inflammatory and prothrombotic markers. Routine hematological indices, being cost-effective and readily available, can serve as useful indicators to assess the severity and complications of diabetes..

Correlation of Procalcitonin with Hematological Markers in Patients with SIRS and Sepsis: An Observational Study

2025-08-11T11:59:49+00:00

Introduction : Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) represents an amplified immune response to diverse insults such as infection, trauma, surgery, or ischemia. When SIRS is associated with a suspected or confirmed infection, it is referred to as sepsis. Diagnostic criteria for SIRS include any two of the following: a white blood cell (WBC) count of ≥4000/μL or >10% immature band forms, a body temperature >38°C or <36°C, heart rate >90 bpm, respiratory rate >20/min, or a PaCO₂ level <32 mm Hg. While procalcitonin (PCT) serves as a reliable but costly biomarker for sepsis, more economical alternatives include total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute neutrophil count, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the correlation between PCT and hematological markers such as TLC, neutrophil count, and NLR in patients diagnosed with SIRS, with and without confirmed infections, and to assess the utility of these markers in differentiating between non-infective SIRS and sepsis.

Methods:A total of 282 acutely ill adult patients meeting the SIRS criteria were enrolled. Within 12 hours of hospital admission, serum PCT levels, TLC, neutrophil counts, and blood cultures were obtained. Additional baseline investigations were also recorded.

Results:Of the 282 patients, 194 were classified under SIRS without infection (Group I) and 88 under sepsis (Group II). Statistically significant differences in age and gender distribution were observed between the two groups (p < 0.05). All four parameters—PCT, TLC, neutrophil count, and NLR—were significantly elevated in the sepsis group. Strong correlations were noted between PCT and the hematological markers, particularly with NLR and neutrophil count.

Conclusion:PCT remains the most accurate biomarker for diagnosing sepsis, but TLC, neutrophil count, and NLR also demonstrated significant predictive value. These readily available and affordable tests can be effective in identifying sepsis in resource-limited settings.

Retropharyngeal Abscess Masquerading As Mumps In A 7-Month-Old: A Rare Case Report

2025-08-11T12:06:24+00:00

Aim: To present a rare but potentially life-threatening case of retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) in an infant with mumps, highlighting the critical role of early recognition, appropriate imaging, and prompt surgical management in preventing airway compromise.

Background: Mumps is a contagious viral illness primarily seen in children, often characterised by swelling of the parotid glands. While generally self-limiting, it can occasionally result in serious complications. One such uncommon but severe complication is a retropharyngeal abscess—an infection in the deep neck space that can lead to significant morbidity due to airway obstruction. In infants, this diagnosis is particularly challenging, making early detection vital to avoid fatal outcomes.

Case Description: A 7-month-old infant was brought in with a 10-day history of high fever, difficulty feeding, excessive drooling, noisy breathing, and neck stiffness. Despite receiving antibiotic treatment elsewhere, there was no improvement, necessitating referral to a higher centre. Upon evaluation, the child was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics, and radiological imaging revealed a retropharyngeal abscess on the right side. Given the impending risk of airway compromise, an emergency transoral incision and drainage procedure was performed. The child responded well to the intervention and completed recovery without complications, subsequently being discharged in stable condition.

Conclusion: This case underscores the necessity for timely identification and intervention in infants with suspected RPA, especially when secondary to infections like mumps. Imaging studies are essential for accurate diagnosis, while a combination of broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical drainage forms the cornerstone of effective management. Maintaining a high index of suspicion in children presenting with upper airway symptoms can significantly reduce the risk of serious complications.

Prevalence of Anatomical Variations Concerning the Drainage of Paranasal Sinuses: A CT-based Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study from Eastern India

2025-08-11T12:13:44+00:00

Background: Anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) are highly variable among individuals and can significantly affect mucociliary drainage, predisposing patients to rhinosinusitis. Particularly when considering surgery for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), which attempts to restore normal sinus drainage, a thorough evaluation of these variances is essential. Despite their clinical importance, there is a lack of in-depth studies on these variations within the Indian population.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of anatomical variations affecting PNS drainage using computed tomography (CT) among patients in Eastern India.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients aged 20–70 years who underwent CT evaluation for suspected sinusitis at a tertiary care center in Jharkhand, India, between July and December 2024. Anatomical variations in the osteomeatal complex (OMU) and sphenoethmoidal recess (SER) were assessed using a 128-slice Siemens CT scanner. Data was analyzed using RStudio (v2025.05.1+513). Chi-square test and prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to explore associations with sex.

Results: Of the 100 patients (mean age 42.9 ± 15.5 years), 51% were male and 49% female. The most common anatomical variations observed were agger nasi cells (98%), supra bullar cells (93%), Type I uncinate process attachment (88%), deviated nasal septum (78%), and enlarged ethmoid bulla (72%). A statistically significant sex difference was found only for frontal bullar cells, which were more prevalent in females (PR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.20–0.84, p = 0.01). Other variations showed no significant sex-based differences.

Conclusion and recommended: Anatomical variations of the PNS are highly prevalent and show considerable inter-individual variability. CT evaluation provides critical insights for individualized surgical planning. Routine preoperative imaging is recommended to minimize complications and improve surgical outcomes, particularly in FESS.

The Outcomes, Challenges, And Effectiveness Of Conventional Braces Vs Clear Aligners

2025-08-11T12:20:05+00:00

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment has evolved significantly over the years, with traditional metal braces and clear aligners emerging as the two primary options for correcting dental misalignments. Both methods aim to enhance oral health, improve aesthetics, and boost patients' confidence.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to find the outcomes, challenges, and effectiveness of conventional braces vs clear aligners.

Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted at Bahria Town International Hospital Karachi, B.M.C.H Quetta, from June 2022 to June 2024. A total of 160 participants were recruited for the study. Baseline data were collected on the participants' dental conditions, including the type and severity of malocclusion. for all analyses.

Results: The study included 160 participants, equally divided between the conventional braces group (Group A, n = 80) and the clear aligners group (Group B, n = 80). The mean age of participants was similar between the groups, with 28.5 years in the conventional braces group and 29.1 years in the clear aligners group. Gender distribution was almost equal, with slightly more females in both groups. The mean malocclusion severity scores were comparable, 7.8 ± 1.4 for braces and 7.5 ± 1.3 for aligners. 92% of participants in the conventional braces group achieved satisfactory alignment, compared to 84% in the clear aligners group, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). The average treatment duration was significantly longer for the braces group (18.4 ± 2.3 months) compared to the clear aligners group (14.2 ± 1.9 months) (p = 0.01).

Conclusion: This study concludes that both conventional braces and clear aligners are effective for orthodontic treatment, but they cater to different patient needs. Conventional braces are more suited for complex cases requiring precise tooth movement, while clear aligners offer greater comfort, aesthetic appeal, and convenience for mild to moderate cases.

The Phantom Root: Clinical Resolution of a Radiographic Illusion in the Maxillary Posterior Region

2025-08-12T04:11:31+00:00

Background:Anatomical variations in maxillary third molars often complicate radiographic interpretation, especially in edentulous regions. This can lead to diagnostic challenges and potential overtreatment due to misidentification of structures.

Case Presentation:A 58-year-old male presented with intermittent pain in the upper right maxillary posterior region. Clinical examination revealed a grossly carious maxillary third molar and an absent second molar with no history of extraction. Periapical radiograph showed a radiopaque structure suggestive of a second molar root. Surgical exploration revealed that this image was due to an elongated, curved palatal root of the third molar mimicking the second molar root. No additional root structure was found.

Discussion:The case illustrates how anatomical deviations in third molar root morphology, combined with limitations of 2D imaging, can create illusions leading to misdiagnosis. Radiographic overlap and the absence of adjacent teeth further complicate interpretation. Awareness of such possibilities and use of 3D imaging like CBCT can prevent diagnostic errors.

Conclusion:Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion in cases of inconsistent clinical and radiographic findings. Knowledge of anatomical variations, corroborated with advanced imaging when needed, is essential to prevent unnecessary procedures.

Formulation And Optimization Of Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles For Targeted Delivery Of Docetaxel: A Novel Approach In Cancer Therapy

2025-08-12T04:21:22+00:00

Docetaxel, a potent chemotherapeutic agent, is widely used for the treatment of solid tumors such as breast, prostate, and lung cancer. However, its clinical use is limited by poor aqueous solubility, systemic toxicity, and multidrug resistance. The current study aimed to formulate and optimize lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNs) of Docetaxel for improved tumor targeting, enhanced bioavailability, and reduced systemic side effects. LPHNs were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method combining PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) as the polymeric core and lecithin/cholesterol as the lipid shell. A Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the formulation parameters including lipid-to-polymer ratio, drug loading, and surfactant concentration. The optimized formulation exhibited a particle size of 145.3 ± 4.5 nm, PDI of 0.174, zeta potential of -22.6 ± 1.3 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 89.6 ± 2.1%. In vitro drug release studies revealed a biphasic release profile with sustained release over 72 hours. Cytotoxicity studies on MCF-7 (breast cancer) cells showed significantly higher anticancer activity for LPHNs compared to free drug. These findings indicate that Docetaxel-loaded LPHNs offer a promising nanocarrier system for targeted cancer therapy

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants Receiving Kangaroo Mother Care: A Systematic Review

2025-08-12T04:25:26+00:00

Background: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) has been growing in popularity due to its unique practices of skin-to-skin contact and exclusive breastfeeding, alongside its many benefits to the wellbeing of pre-term infants. While previous research has acknowledged KMC's contributions in stabilizing vital signs and enhancing bonding, there is an increasing interest in its long-range effects on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants which include cognitive, motor, and emotional development. With this overarching goal, this systematic review aims to focus on literature discussing the developmental outcomes of preterm infants undergoing KMC.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the published literature on the impact of Kangaroo Mother Care on the neurodevelopmental outcomes, specifically cognitive, motor, and socio-emotional development, of preterm infants. This review intends to trace the circles of trends, gaps, or contradictions in the body of literature pertaining to early KMC implementation and their accrued outcomes in relation to neurodevelopment.

Methods: A search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Web of Science for articles published between the years 2010 to 2025. Studies that focused on preterm infants less than 37 weeks gestational age and performed KMC together with reporting on neurodevelopmental outcomes were considered for inclusion with criteria. Information was collected on the study’s design, sample size, implementation of the intervention, assessment tools used such as the Bayley Scales, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Where necessary, descriptive and correlation analyses complemented the adopted narrative synthesis approach.

Results: From the screened studies, a total of 58 were found to meet the set inclusion criteria. Most of the studies reported that KMC recipients demonstrated significantly better cognitive and motor skill development when compared with the conventional care groups. Emotional regulation, mother–infant bonding, and attentional responsiveness also showed positive

correlations with KMC exposure. Findings suggest that the enhancement in neurodevelopmental trajectories for KMC recipients is sustained with prolonged KMC, especially when it started in the first week of life.

Conclusions: This systematic review reinforces the evidence-based low-cost intervention nature of KMC, emphasizing its importance at this period of life. KMC not only physiologically stabilizes the babies but also tangibly positively influences their brain development. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the impact of caregiver consistency, socio-cultural factors, and health system integration on the outcome sub-chronically expected with KMC

Automated Detection and Classification of Ponticulus Posticus from Digital Lateral Cephalograms- An Artifical Intelligence Based Retrospective Study

2025-08-12T04:45:47+00:00

Context: Ponticulus Posticus (PP) is a clinically significant anatomical variant of vertebrae that may compress the vertebral artery and contribute to cervicogenic headaches. Traditional radiographic assessment of PP is often subjective and inconsistent. This study explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for detection and classification of PP from digital lateral cephalograms.

Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of AI in detecting and classifying Ponticulus Posticus from digital lateral cephalograms.

Settings and Design: An artificial intelligence based retrospective study.

Methods and materials: A total of 1052 digital lateral cephalograms were selected, analyzed, and grouped as complete PP, partial PP, or absence of PP. Machine learning models in Orange^® software, including Logistic Regression, Neural Network, and Naïve Bayes, were used for detection and classification.

Results: Logistic Regression achieved an accuracy of 98.5%, 98%, and 97.4% in the detection and classification of complete PP, partial PP, and absence of PP, respectively, outperforming Neural network and Naïve Bayes. Logistic Regression also demonstrated higher AUC, F1 score, precision, and recall. ROC curve analysis confirmed its superior classification ability across all PP categories.

Conclusions: AI, particularly Logistic Regression algorithm, is a reliable and promising tool for detecting and classifying Ponticulus Posticus in digital lateral cephalograms. Further validation using larger and more diverse datasets is recommended to enhance diagnostic precision.

Effectiveness of Dry Needling And Positional Release Technique On Myofascial Trigger Points Of Upper Trapezius In Mechanical Neck Pain

2025-08-12T06:17:36+00:00

The upper trapezius muscle is frequently associated with active myofascial trigger points in the cervical region, a highly prevalent condition characterized by pain, restricted range of motion, and functional impairment. Dry Needling and Positional Release Technique (PRT) are two commonly used therapies to alleviate these symptoms. However, there is a lack of high-quality randomized controlled trials directly comparing the effectiveness of these techniques in patients with mechanical neck pain (MNP).

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of PRT on pain intensity, active cervical range of motion, and neck-related disability in individuals with mechanical neck pain. A total of 90 participants aged between 18 and 55 years, meeting specific inclusion criteria, were recruited for this randomized controlled trial. Group A, Group B, and Group C all received Dry Needling. All interventions were administered once a day for three consecutive days.

Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), functional disability was assessed using the Neck Disability Index (NDI), and cervical range of motion was measured using a universal goniometer. Secondary outcomes included patient-reported global perception of change and any adverse effects experienced during the intervention. Assessments were conducted 72 hours and one week after the intervention. Cohen’s d was used to calculate effect sizes and to identify group-by-time interaction effects.

Improvement in the Dry Needling group was more pronounced. There was a mean reduction in pain of 3.8 cm on the VAS, an improvement of 11.4 ± 5.2 in the NDI, and a decrease of 9.6 ± 3.1 points on the NDI after one week. The control group showed only minimal changes, while the PRT group demonstrated moderate improvement. The effect sizes ranged from moderate to large. No serious adverse events were reported in any group.

The study concluded that Dry Needling is more effective than either PRT alone or conventional therapy in managing neck pain associated with upper trapezius myofascial trigger points. Clinical judgment can guide the choice of technique, with PRT serving as a suitable alternative where appropriate.

Utility of Surgical APGAR Score in Risk Stratification for Emergency Gastrointestinal Procedures: A Prospective Analysis

2025-08-12T06:23:17+00:00

Background: Emergency gastrointestinal surgery is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The Surgical APGAR Score (SAS), a simple 10-point scoring system based on intraoperative parameters, has shown promise in predicting postoperative complications. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of SAS in predicting outcomes following emergency gastrointestinal procedures.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 patients undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgery under general anesthesia at Mamata Medical College, Khammam, from October 2019 to September 2021. SAS was calculated using lowest heart rate, lowest mean arterial pressure, and estimated blood loss. Patients were followed for 30 days to assess major complications and mortality. Statistical analysis included correlation between SAS scores, complications, and ASA grades.

Results: The mean age was 45.46 ± 16.05 years with slight female predominance (53.3%). Acute intestinal perforation was the most common diagnosis (30%). SAS distribution showed 40% high-risk (0-4), 53.3% medium-risk (5-7), and 6.7% low-risk (8-10) patients. Patients with complications had significantly lower mean SAS scores compared to those without complications (4.65 ± 1.78 vs 6.20 ± 1.22, p=0.001). A strong inverse correlation existed between ASA grade and SAS score (F=44.76, p<0.0001). The 30-day mortality rate was 6.7%. Major complications included prolonged ventilation (13.3%) and wound dehiscence (13.3%).

Conclusions: The Surgical APGAR Score effectively predicts postoperative complications in emergency gastrointestinal surgery. Its simplicity and immediate availability make it a valuable tool for risk stratification and clinical decision-making. Implementation of SAS can enhance patient safety and optimize resource allocation in emergency surgical settings

Sepsis Management in Post Exploratory Laparotomy due to Total Bowel Obstruction and Gaster Perforation: A Case Report

2025-08-12T07:38:56+00:00

Background: Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide despite the advancement of intensive care, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where resources are limited. Early recognition as well as timely and intensive management is necessary to lower the mortality. This case report aimed to highlight the critical role of early sepsis detection and timely management in successful outcomes, even in resource-constrained environments.

Case Report: We reported a case of 64-year-old woman presented with chief complaints of not being able to defecate and has not passed gas for 5 days, accompanied with stomach ache, bloating, and mucus in the stool. The patient was diagnosed with total bowel obstruction due to suspect intussusception, sepsis, hyponatremia hypovolemic and acute kidney injury. An exploration laparotomy with right hemicolectomy and end-to-end anastomose procedures were then performed. Blood culture showed Escherichia coli and Extended Spectrum b-Lactamase (ESBL) while urine culture showed Candida tropicalis. Intensive management comprised of resuscitation, antibiotics and antifungal treatment lead to improvement within eight days of admission. The patient was discharged fourteen days after surgery.

Conclusion: The successful outcome of this case highlights the importance of early recognition and aggressive management of sepsis, especially in resource-limited environments.

Study of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Neonates With Unstable Clinical Course

2025-08-12T08:50:34+00:00

Background: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a major contributor to blindness in children, especially affecting infants born prematurely. Timely identification and treatment are essential to avert permanent vision impairment. Although neonatal care has improved, ROP continues to pose a worldwide health challenge, highlighting the need for screening and awareness of risk factors.

Aim & Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors and clinical characteristics of ROP in preterm infants at a tertiary care facility. Specific objectives include assessing the severity of ROP and its progression through follow-up evaluations.

Material and Methods: This prospective, hospital-based research was carried out over a period of 18 months and involved 100 preterm infants, each with a gestational age of less than 37 weeks and a birth weight under 2 kg. Ophthalmic examinations were performed using binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, and data were analyzed statistically to assess associations with risk factors.

Results: Most infants were examined between 2 to 6 weeks of age, predominantly low birth weights, between 1 and 1.5 kg, born between 32 and 36 weeks gestation with risk factors such as respiratory distress and sepsis. At initial screening, 85% showed normal retinas, while 10% had Stage 1 ROP, 4% had Stage 2-3, and 1% had Stage 3+ with retinal detachment. After four weeks, 93% had normal retina, with no infants at Stage 1; two infants progressed to Stage 2. Statistical analysis showed no significant associations between most risk factors and severity.

Conclusion: Early screening is vital in managing ROP, especially in high-risk preterm infants. The multifactorial nature of ROP underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and further research to optimize prevention and treatment strategies

Development of Gastro-Retentive Combination Formulation of Montelukast Sodium and Ketotifen Besilate for Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma

2025-08-12T09:30:50+00:00

Aim: The study aimed to develop a once-daily sustained-release gastroretentive combination formulation of ketotifen besilate and montelukast sodium using multilayer tablet technology and gastro-retentive systems for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma.

Background: Ketotifen besilate and montelukast sodium are commonly used to manage allergic rhinitis and asthma. However, their conventional formulations often require multiple doses per day, leading to poor patient compliance. A gastro-retentive system allowing once-daily dosing could improve adherence and therapeutic outcomes.

Materials and Methods: A multilayer tablet was formulated with montelukast sodium in the immediate-release layer and ketotifen besilate in both the immediate- and sustained-release layers, using calcium silicate as a floating agent for gastric retention. Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) controlled the sustained release of ketotifen, while the addition of super-disintegrants and a surfactant improved the release of poorly soluble montelukast. The lactose-microcrystalline cellulose ratio was adjusted to meet the target dissolution profile and comparative dissolution tests were conducted to assess similarity to the desired release profile.

Results: Comparative dissolution tests demonstrated high similarity between the combination formulation and the target release profile, with similarity factor (f2) values of 58.5 and 65.9. The formulation successfully allowed for different release rates of the two active ingredients, improving drug absorption and extending the duration of action.

Conclusion: The developed gastro-retentive formulation enabled a transition from twice-daily to once-daily dosing, enhancing patient compliance. The multilayer tablet design efficiently controlled the release profiles of both active ingredients, addressing limitations associated with the absorption sites of each drug.

Anatomical Perspective of Basti Marma in Ayurveda with Special Reference to Its Clinical Significance in Urological and Pelvic Disorders

2025-08-12T10:21:25+00:00

Ayurveda identifies Marma points as vital anatomical locations where injury can result in severe physiological dysfunction or even mortality. Among these, Basti Marma, situated in the pelvic region, holds critical importance due to its association with the urinary bladder and reproductive organs. Classical Ayurvedic texts describe Basti Marma as a key site influencing urinary and reproductive health, emphasizing its vulnerability and the severe consequences of trauma or imbalance at this site. This review aims to integrate the traditional Ayurvedic understanding of Basti Marma with contemporary anatomical knowledge of the urinary bladder and surrounding pelvic structures. Modern anatomy elucidates the complex muscular, neurovascular, and ligamentous framework supporting the bladder and maintaining pelvic organ function, which parallels the Ayurvedic depiction of Basti Marma as a composite of muscles, vessels, ligaments, and bone. The clinical significance of this region is highlighted through discussions of urological and pelvic disorders such as urinary retention, incontinence, cystitis, pelvic trauma, and neurogenic bladder dysfunction. This comprehensive perspective underscores the potential of combining Ayurvedic marma therapy with modern diagnostic and rehabilitative approaches to improve patient outcomes in pelvic and urinary conditions. A better understanding of Basti Marma facilitates holistic and integrative management strategies that respect both traditional wisdom and biomedical science, paving the way for enhanced therapeutic modalities in urology and pelvic health.

A Comprehensive Study Of Sandhi Sharir In Ayurveda With Special Reference To The Applied Anatomy Of The Knee Joint

2025-08-12T10:26:59+00:00

Sandhi Sharir, as described in Ayurveda, refers to the anatomical and functional junctions where two or more bones meet, ensuring mobility, stability, and coordinated body movements. These structures are sustained by the balanced function of doshas, dhatus, and upadhatus, particularly the role of Shleshaka Kapha in lubrication and smooth articulation. Among all Sandhis, the Janu Sandhi (knee joint) holds paramount importance due to its role in weight-bearing, locomotion, and postural stability. Classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya detail its structural composition, functional attributes, and its classification as a marma (vital point), underlining its clinical significance in trauma and degenerative conditions.In modern anatomy, the knee joint is recognized as the largest synovial hinge joint, comprising femoro-tibial and femoro-patellar articulations, stabilized by ligaments, menisci, muscles, and a synovial capsule. This review correlates Ayurvedic and biomedical perspectives of Janu Sandhi, exploring the synergy between traditional descriptions and contemporary anatomical and biomechanical insights. It also discusses common pathologies such as osteoarthritis, ligament injuries, and inflammatory disorders, alongside preventive and therapeutic approaches from both disciplines. Ayurvedic interventions, including abhyanga (therapeutic oil massage), swedana (sudation), vasti (medicated enema), and rasayana therapy, are examined in light of their potential to maintain joint health and improve functional outcomes. By integrating classical concepts with modern applied anatomy, this review highlights the scope for interdisciplinary management strategies in knee joint disorders

Agriculture Crop Recommendation Based On Productivity And Seasons

2025-08-13T05:58:10+00:00

The crop recommendation model was trained using a structured dataset containing key agronomic and environmental parameters. As shown in Figure 3, the dataset includes nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), temperature, humidity, rainfall, and soil pH as input features. The output label indicates the most suitable crop for the given set of conditions. This data forms the foundation for developing the machine learning model used in this study. In Meerut, many people are farmers. Farming is how they grow food and earn money. But to grow more food, it is very important to choose the right crop for the right season. Sometimes, farmers don’t know which crop is best to grow in the weather and soil of their area. We collected old data about crops, soil, and weather in Meerut. Then we used smart computer programs to study this data and find out which crops grow best in each season. Our system gives suggestions to farmers about the best crop to grow in each season. This helps them grow more food with less effort and earn more money. It makes farming simpler and better for the people of Meerut.

Identification of Fake News using Fetch.ai Agent Technology

2025-08-13T06:06:31+00:00

The proliferation of fake news across digital platforms poses a significant threat to informed public discourse, societal trust, and democratic processes. Traditional centralized approaches to fake news detection often face limitations in scalability, transparency, and susceptibility to bias or censorship. This paper presents a novel decentralized approach for the identification of fake news, leveraging the capabilities of Fetch.ai agent technology and the ASI:One (Artificial Superintelligence) Web3 Large Language Model (LLM) . We propose a multi-agent system architecture deployed on the Fetch.ai blockchain, where autonomous agents collaborate to verify the veracity of news headlines. The core methodology involves a Fake News Detector Agent orchestrating a workflow that includes: receiving user requests, tasking a specialized Travily agent for autonomous web information retrieval from credible sources and fact-checking databases, and integrating with the ASI:One LLM for advanced, verifiable natural language processing tasks such as semantic analysis, claim extraction, and contradiction detection. All verification steps, agent interactions, and the final veracity assessment are immutably recorded on the Fetch.ai blockchain using Almanac smart contracts, ensuring end-to-end transparency and providing a verifiable audit trail. This decentralized framework enhances resistance to manipulation and preserves user privacy. Preliminary evaluations suggest the potential for high accuracy in distinguishing fake news from legitimate reporting, while the system’s inherent transparency offers significant advantages over opaque, centralized models. This research contributes a robust, scalable, and trustworthy technological solution to combat the spread of misinformation in the digital age, demonstrating the power of combining decentralized autonomous agents with verifiable Web3 AI

Extraction, Phytochemical Analysis and Study of TPC and TFC In Extract of Achyranthes ASPERA

2025-08-13T07:18:26+00:00

The current study investigates the extraction, phytochemical screening, and assessment of total phenolic and flavonoid content in different solvent extracts of Achyranthes aspera aerial parts. Various extracts, including chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanolic, and aqueous extracts, were prepared, and their yields were calculated. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of important bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, diterpenes, phenols, proteins, saponins, and tannins, with methanolic extract showing the highest yield and the most significant phenolic and flavonoid content. The methanolic extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (1.63 mg/100 mg) and flavonoid content (1.45 mg/100 mg), suggesting its potent antioxidant activity. The findings support the therapeutic potential of Achyranthes aspera in combating oxidative stress and liver diseases. These results lay the groundwork for further studies on the pharmacological properties of Achyranthes aspera and its bioactive constituents.

Effect of Ageing on Weight-Bearing Joints: Based on The Concept of Unani Medicine

2025-08-13T07:23:43+00:00

Ageing is a multi-causative meta-phenomenon that leads to progressive intrinsic deterioration of the homeodynamic capabilities of the body that challenge survival. According to the principle of Unani medicine, the cold-dry temperament of the elderly causes loss of structural integrity in organs, and a decrease in intensity of innate heat and amount of innate moisture leads to functional decline in organs over time. The structural deformity and functional decline are accomplished by gradually accumulating alien moisture. In humans, the temperament of adulthood is hot-dry (drier than the child but moister than the elderly), which is best suited for the optimal somatic and reproductive function; hence, this temperament is regarded as mu’tadil (equipoise). Whereas, the temperament of the elderly is cold-dry, which is worst for the function of life, causing structural deformity and functional decline in organs. Ageing imparts its effect on every organ, including weight-bearing joints. Joints are spacious, mobile, and weaker organs, which favor the accumulation of alien moisture. The organs that are more spacious and have greater mobility undergo earlier and severe degenerative changes due to ageing

Formulation And In Vitro Evaluation Of Sustained-Release Canagliflozin Nano-Particles For The Treatment Of Diabetic

2025-08-14T15:47:32+00:00

The development of sustained-release Canagliflozin (CFZ) nanoparticles marks a significant advancement in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly for patients requiring long-term glycemic control. This study meticulously evaluated the physicochemical properties, in vitro drug release profiles, and stability of CFZ-loaded nanoparticles, aiming to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. In summary, the development of CFZ nanoparticles, along with the utilization of polymeric nanoparticles and stimuli-responsive systems, represents a promising strategy to enhance the oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of this poorly soluble drug. These advancements in drug delivery technologies hold significant potential for improving the treatment of conditions such as diabetes.

Prevalence And Determinants Of Perinatal Depression Among Women In Lahore, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2025-08-14T15:53:00+00:00

Background: Perinatal depression is a critical public health concern that can adversely affect both mother and child. However, little is known about its prevalence and determinants in urban Pakistani populations.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of perinatal depression among women attending maternity clinics in Lahore, Pakistan

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 perinatal women using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Logistic regression identified significant predictors.

Results: The prevalence of perinatal depression was 38.5%. Significant associations were found with low income, unplanned pregnancies, poor spousal support, and prior mental health issues.

Conclusion: High prevalence calls for routine screening and psychosocial support strategies in perinatal care programs.

Artificial Intelligence in Smart Healthcare Applications: Benefits, Challenges, and Ethical Considerations

2025-08-14T16:00:02+00:00

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can change healthcare by transferring clever applications to diagnose better, helping with personalized healthcare, and streamlining health outcomes. The presented research develops and tests an AI-based healthcare application that will have two core features: A multi-disease detecting program on the critical organs (diabetes, kidney, heart, liver, breast cancer, malaria, pneumonia, and lungs) and an AI-based dietitian and food recommending system, which will provide some customized nutritional advice. The study will evaluate the validity, reliability, and usefulness of such systems, as well as the ethical and social implications of the same through a mixed-methods design. Multi-disease detection model has accuracy of 92.5 percent with organ specific accuracy spread between 71.17 percent (liver) to 99.17 percent (kidney). The AI dietitian app was found to match the expert recommendations with 98.9 accuracy and delivered health outcomes with 78 percent of the patients. In spite of these improvements, obstacles that include information privacy, the ease of algorithms, and the possibility of biases imply the requirement of effective ethical models. This paper highlights the transformative aspect of AI in the healthcare sector but also affirms that innovative use must be ethical to overcome ethical and practical concerns

Try new and beautify you with 3D world of paediatric dentistry

2025-08-18T06:35:05+00:00

Background / Introduction: Dental treatment of children poses significant challenges for clinicians. The conventional impression-making procedures in young children are considered cumbersome and difficult due to several clinical factors in dentistry. In recent years, digital Intra-oral sensors (IOS), three-dimensional printing (3D Printing) technology and Computer- Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology have been described in existing literature related to different aspects of paediatric dentistry.

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the use of 3D printing technology in paediatric dentistry among post-graduate students and paediatric dentists in India.

Methodology: Post-graduate students and pedodontists in India were included in this study. A survey with the google forms online tool was utilised in this study. Responses received were included for evaluation.

Results: 75.2% were aware about 3D printing used specifically for pediatric dentistry, 106 (47.7%) participants wanted to know more regarding 3D printing through live demonstrations. A statistically insignificant difference was found in the knowledge and practices based on gender, education, and experience with P value ≤ 0.05.

Conclusion: Through survey we found that although post-graduate students and pediatric dentists in India showed enough understanding, had positive attitude about 3D printing, just a few percent of them were unable to successfully incorporate this technology into their routines

Development And Evaluation Of Miconazole Nitrate Loaded Niosomal Suspension

2025-08-18T07:18:05+00:00

Niosomes, which are vesicular drug delivery vehicles made mostly of non-ionic surfactants, have a number of benefits over traditional formulations. Niosomes are a safer option than other nanoparticle-based carriers because of their improved stability, biodegradability, and decreased toxicity. These vesicles are very adaptable because they can contain both hydrophilic and lipophilic medications. They are especially useful in systemic applications like cancer therapy as well as topical and transdermal formulations like gels and creams because of their capacity to enhance drug penetration, maintain release, and target particular sites. The goal of this research is to maximize stability and integrity by optimizing the formulation of niosomes in the lab and testing various surfactant and cholesterol ratios. The study also attempts to evaluate the niosomal system's release behavior and drug loading efficiency. Thorough characterization methods, such as FTIR, TEM, SEM, and zeta potential analysis, are used to assess the physicochemical stability, morphology, and general performance of the prepared formulations

An Ayurvedic Approach to The Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Secondary to Genito Urinary Tuberculosis – A Single Case Study

2025-08-18T07:49:08+00:00

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) presents a major global health burden, with increasing incidence and limited therapeutic options in conventional medicine. ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers holistic and individualized approaches that may provide supportive and potentially restorative outcomes in CKD management. this case study aims to explore the clinical efficacy of ayurvedic interventions in the management of a patient diagnosed with ckd secondary to genito urinary tuberculosis, highlighting symptomatic relief, improvement in biochemical parameters, and overall quality of life.

Methodology: a 35-year-old male patient diagnosed with stage 3 ckd associated with bladder neck dysfunction with history of genito urinary tb, presented with symptoms dribbling of urine, increased frequency of micturition,pain and burning sensation during micturition, and elevated serum creatinine, urea. a comprehensive treatment protocol was administered, comprising Yogabasthi, Avagaha Sweda, Adhonabhi Pichu alongside dietary and lifestyle modifications aligned with Pathya-apathya.

Result: over a treatment span of 3 months the patient exhibited notable improvements in renal biochemical parameters and subjective symptoms. no adverse events were observed during or post-treatment.

Discussion: this single case study underscores the potential of ayurvedic interventions in improving clinical outcomes in ckd and calls for further clinical research through well-designed, large-scale studies to validate efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes.

Uncommon Complications of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery: An Institutional Experience

2025-08-18T08:01:40+00:00

Background:Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt implantation continues to be the most commonly used surgical intervention for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion in the treatment of hydrocephalus. Although safe when performed as an individual operation, VP shunting is associated with a wide variety of complications ranging from frequent to rare occurrences. Rare complications, although not frequent, pose great diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties due to their variable and unpredictable manifestations. Because of their scarcity, very little literature and no standardized management guidelines exist to address these rare complications.

Objective:The present study aims to analyze and share the institutional experiences in the identification, management, and outcomes of rare and atypical complications encountered following ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgeries.

Methods:This retrospective case series includes six patients who developed uncommon complications following VP shunt procedures. All patients were managed at the Department of Neurosurgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, Bihar, India for one year. Detailed clinical history, imaging findings, operative interventions, and outcomes were systematically analyzed to outline the clinical course of these unusual complications.

Results:Complications noted out of the six patients were: proximal migration of the shunt into the lateral ventricle, formation of epidural and subdural hematomas, extrusion of the shunt through abdominal and retro auricular incisions, and cellulitis along the course of the shunt. Prompt diagnosis and proper surgical management in the form of revision of the shunt, evacuation of hematomas, and infection control resulted in a good outcome in all the cases. Most patients had a smooth postoperative recovery with minimal morbidity.

Conclusion:With increasing utilization of ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgeries, uncommon complications are being reported more frequently. A high index of suspicion, prompt radiological evaluation, and timely intervention are essential to ensure optimal patient outcomes. Neurosurgeons should remain vigilant for such atypical presentations to reduce associated morbidity and mortality.

Impact of COVID-19 on Sexually Transmitted Infection Burden: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Gujarat

2025-08-18T08:13:27+00:00

Background:Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) is a persistent skin disorder characterized by recurrent wheals, angioedema, or both, lasting for at least six weeks without an identifiable trigger. CSU significantly affects patients’ quality of life, often causing sleep disturbances, emotional distress, and reduced work productivity. First-line treatment involves second-generation H1-antihistamines, but many patients remain refractory to standard doses, necessitating dose escalation or antihistamine switching.

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of three second-generation antihistamines—Fexofenadine, Levocetirizine, and Desloratadine—in CSU management, focusing on symptom relief, dose escalation, antihistamine switching, and adverse effects.

Methods:A prospective, observational study was conducted on 300 CSU patients at a dermatology outpatient clinic. Patients were initially treated with standard doses of Levocetirizine (5 mg), Desloratadine (5 mg), or Fexofenadine (180 mg). Non-responders underwent a stepwise dose escalation up to fourfold. Patients who remained symptomatic despite escalation were switched to a different antihistamine. Symptom severity was assessed using the Urticaria Activity Score (UAS), and adverse effects were monitored over a six-month follow-up period.

Results:Fexofenadine demonstrated superior efficacy, with 87% of patients achieving symptom relief after fourfold dose escalation, compared to 38% with Levocetirizine and 15% with Desloratadine. Antihistamine switching yielded a 31.5% response rate among non-responders, with the highest success observed when switching from Desloratadine to Levocetirizine (18.5%). Fexofenadine showed the greatest reduction in UAS at one-week (50%) and three-week (75%) follow-ups (p<0.05). Adverse effects were minimal, with headaches more common in the Fexofenadine group, while drowsiness was prevalent in Levocetirizine and Desloratadine groups.

Conclusion:Fexofenadine is the most effective antihistamine for CSU management, particularly at higher doses. Dose escalation significantly improves symptom control, while antihistamine switching benefits a subset of non-responders. Personalized treatment strategies considering patient-specific responses can enhance clinical outcomes in CSU. Future research should focus on biomarker-based therapy and combination treatments to optimize CSU management

Intervention for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Narrative Review

2025-08-18T09:42:32+00:00

Neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) is a world-wide public health issue that particularly affects children in low- and middle-income countries. Early diagnosis, intervention, and rehabilitation are primary ways to aid children's functioning skills according to their diverse needs with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) and also those of their parents. The WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Framework focuses on a child’s health beyond biomedical deficits, using the concept of functioning to measure development concerning this construct. In case of ICF-CY which was developed for children and youth but measurement tool is difficult to understand to be used for children, also CFM developed by UNICEF, is a gross tool for children. This narrative review aims to identify early participatory intervention measures for children with NDD that are based on the ICF, as described in the literature. Incorporating with this ICF framework many researchers have introduced intervention to the children with NDD but still there is a huge gap for screening and early intervention at baseline level. This review used a systematic search procedure with various health-related databases (Frontiers, research gate, PubMed, google scholar), and identified family focused intervention that provide support to children with NDD in paediatric health in different settings. In India, approximately 2.3 million children below six years of age group have some developmental disability, and many of them are from rural and semi-urban areas with minimum access to early intervention services. Results showed that the children with NDD who participated in those interventions showed improvement in all domains with both the intensive and regular services. It was also observed that including parents’ participation in therapy sessions enhanced the programme outcomes. Participation and activities are the most common ICF domains, as per the framework.

Efficacy of Prophylactic Antibiotic Timing and Duration in Preventing Surgical Site Infections After Elective Abdominal Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2025-08-18T09:49:29+00:00

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a leading cause of postoperative morbidity and healthcare expenditure, particularly in abdominal surgeries. While prophylactic antibiotics are essential in reducing infection risk, the optimal timing and duration of administration remain uncertain. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of different antibiotic timing and duration strategies in preventing SSIs during elective abdominal and pelvic surgeries.

Methods: This study followed PRISMA guidelines and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different timing (pre-incision vs. intraoperative/post-cord clamping) and durations (24-hour vs. extended regimens) of prophylactic antibiotics. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science up to July 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool, and statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 with a random-effects model.

Results: Three RCTs involving 1,999 patients were included. Pre-incision administration of antibiotics significantly reduced SSI rates compared to post–cord clamping (RR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.53; p < 0.01). No significant difference was

observed between preoperative and intraoperative administration (RD = –1.3%; 95% CI: –4.1% to +6.7%). For duration, a 24-hour regimen was non-inferior to extended use (RD = –3.8%; 95% CI: –11.1% to +3.4%), supporting shorter prophylactic courses.

Conclusion: Pre-incision antibiotic administration is superior to delayed dosing in preventing SSIs. A 24-hour antibiotic regimen is as effective as extended courses, offering benefits for antimicrobial stewardship without compromising clinical outcomes. These findings support global recommendations to standardize perioperative antibiotic protocols and reduce unnecessary antibiotic exposure.

Awareness of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Protocols among Medical and Nursing Students and Healthcare Professionals in Surgical Departments of Tertiary Level Hospitals in India: A Cross-Sectional Study

2025-08-18T12:06:50+00:00

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols represent evidence-based perioperative care pathways designed to improve patient recovery after surgery. This study assesses awareness and attitudes toward ERAS protocols among medical and nursing students as well as paramedical staff working in surgical departments of tertiary level hospitals in India. Conducted at the National Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (NIMS&R), Jaipur, Rajasthan, and the Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, the survey included 100 medical students and interns, 50 nursing students, and 100 paramedical staff (including nurses and technicians). Using a validated structured questionnaire, the study evaluated knowledge, perceptions, and barriers related to ERAS protocol implementation. Results indicate variable awareness levels, with medical students and interns demonstrating higher knowledge compared to nursing students and paramedical staff. The study highlights educational gaps and suggests the need for targeted teaching interventions and institutional support to promote multidisciplinary adoption of ERAS protocols. These findings have implications for improving perioperative care and patient outcomes in tertiary hospitals across India.

Toward an Adaptive AI/ML-Based QA Framework with HRM Integration for Inclusive and Secure Healthcare Solutions in Edge Environments

2025-08-19T10:11:40+00:00

In the evolving landscape of digital healthcare, ensuring quality, inclusivity, and security in service delivery remains a critical challenge. This paper proposes an adaptive Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)-based Quality Assurance (QA) framework that integrates Human Resource Management (HRM) principles to address these challenges in edge computing environments. The framework is designed to support inclusive healthcare solutions that respond dynamically to contextual demands, resource constraints, and human factors. By embedding HRM strategies into the QA loop, the system enhances decision-making, accountability, and personnel responsiveness, ensuring a more human-centered approach to digital health service validation and monitoring. Edge computing is leveraged to enable real-time processing and decentralized intelligence, reducing latency and supporting secure, context-aware analytics at the point of care. The integration of adaptive AI/ML models ensures the system can learn from real-world data, detect anomalies, and respond to emerging threats or inefficiencies. This research contributes a novel interdisciplinary approach that aligns technical efficiency with human and ethical considerations in healthcare. The proposed framework was evaluated through simulations and qualitative analysis, demonstrating its potential to improve operational trust, inclusivity, and overall system robustness in resource-constrained healthcare environments.

BIO-Analytical Method Development and Validation By LC/MS/MS Technique

2025-08-20T04:25:55+00:00

The development and validation of bioanalytical methods are essential for accurate quantification of pharmaceuticals, biomarkers and metabolites in biological matrices. Among various analytical techniques, Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has become a preferred choice in bioanalysis due to its high sensitivity, specificity and versatility. This study focuses on the process of developing and validating bioanalytical methods using LC/MS/MS for quantifying analytes in biological fluids such as plasma, serum and urine. It highlights the optimization of critical parameters, including sample preparation methods, chromatographic conditions and MS/MS settings, to enhance the performance of the analysis in terms of precision, accuracy and sensitivity. Additionally, the research addresses common challenges encountered during method development, such as matrix effects, ion suppression and interference from endogenous substances, while suggesting strategies to minimize these issues. Validation of the bioanalytical methods is discussed in-depth, with attention to key parameters such as linearity, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), precision, accuracy, selectivity, stability and recovery. The validation process follows internationally recognized regulatory guidelines, including those set by the FDA and EMA, ensuring compliance with industry standards. Furthermore, the study explores the application of these validated methods to real-world scenarios, such as pharmaceutical development, clinical pharmacokinetic studies and regulatory submissions. It demonstrates how LC/MS/MS methods can be effectively used in the quantification of small molecules and biologics in complex biological matrices. The research emphasizes the importance of ensuring the robustness and reproducibility of these methods across different laboratory settings and instruments. By providing a thorough understanding of method development, validation and its applications in pharmaceutical and clinical research, this study contributes to the ongoing advancement of LC/MS/MS techniques in bioanalysis. It offers insights into overcoming analytical challenges and highlights best practices for achieving reliable, high-quality results in bioanalytical laboratories.

Participatory Financing Instruments Formula "Murabaha Model"

2025-08-20T04:50:58+00:00

Crowdfunding is based on principles that frame the parties to the contractual process, including prohibiting contracts based on exploiting people and eating their money unjustly, such as dealing with usury, fraud, and obscenity in achieving unlawful profits.

After the legal provision for the establishment of participatory banks and their commencement of operation in the Kingdom of Morocco, people breathed a sigh of relief and were freed from the embarrassment caused by dealing with financial institutions that do not observe the provisions of Islamic Sharia.

Participatory banks can deal with six financing formulas as stipulated by the law, among these formulas is the Murabaha formula, which has gained popularity and acceptance among people due to the ease of dealing with it and the clarity of the terms of its contracts on the one hand, and on the other hand, the preference of banking institutions to deal with it because of the profits it achieves without great cost and because it carries less risk than dealing with other formulas.

This research aims to demonstrate the achievement of contractual justice between the banking institution and its customers when dealing with the Murabaha formula, where the most important results were reached:

The purpose of the concept of justice is to give everyone his due right without injustice.
Financial transactions are not fully enforceable and do not have an effect unless they achieve the principle of justice between the parties.
The contract between the parties satisfies the societal contract based on security and stability, and whenever justice differs between the parties, the balance in society is disturbed.
Achieve full acceptance and approval in the Murabaha contract between the bank and the merchant, and the bank and the customer (the purchase orderer), without any defect of will. This satisfaction may be expressed by acceptance and approval or by signing the contract concluded between the merchant and the bank or between the bank and the purchase orderer.

Prevalence of Enamel Hypoplasia in Neonates with Low Birth Weight and Its Correlation with Early Childhood Caries at One-Year Follow-Up: A Prospective Cohort Study

2025-08-20T05:10:31+00:00

Background: Enamel hypoplasia (EH) is a developmental defect of tooth enamel that results in structural and mineralisation defects, rendering teeth more susceptible to dental caries.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia in LBW neonates and its correlation with the incidence of ECC at 12 months.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry (AFID and CMH), Rawalpindi, between January 2023 and July 2025. The study included 390 LBW neonates who were assessed for enamel hypoplasia using the Modified Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) Index. The infants were followed up for 12 months to evaluate the development of ECC using the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) criteria.

Results: The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia in LBW neonates was 35.4%, with more severe forms observed in preterm neonates (41.2%). At 12 months, the incidence of ECC was 27.7%, with 62.9% of ECC cases occurring in neonates with enamel hypoplasia. A strong correlation was observed between the severity of enamel hypoplasia and ECC development. Formula feeding (33%) and inadequate oral hygiene practices (32%) were significantly associated with higher ECC incidence. Logistic regression analysis revealed that enamel hypoplasia, formula feeding, and lower socioeconomic status were significant predictors of ECC.

Conclusions: The study concludes that enamel hypoplasia is highly prevalent in LBW neonates and significantly contributes to the development of ECC by 12 months of age. Early dental screenings, preventive measures, and parental education on proper oral hygiene practices are essential for reducing the risk of ECC in LBW neonates.

Haemophilic Arthropathy In Comparison To Vata Rakta: A Comprehensive Exploration

2025-08-20T09:00:34+00:00

Haemophilic arthropathy is a chronic joint condition resulting from recurrent bleeding into joint spaces, predominantly affecting individuals with haemophilia. This condition leads to progressive joint damage, pain, and reduced mobility. This condition, deeply researched in modern medicine, contrasts with the Ayurvedic concept of Vata Rakta, which manifests as a painful condition involving blood (Rakta) and the Vata Dosha. While the two conditions are distinct in their etiology and pathophysiology, they share certain clinical features, such as bleeding and joint involvement. This article provides an in-depth review of haemophilic arthropathy and Vata Rakta, exploring their pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment protocols from both modern and Ayurvedic perspectives. The review aims to bridge traditional and contemporary knowledge systems for a better understanding of these conditions

Comparative Efficacy of Biologic Agents in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

2025-08-20T09:53:20+00:00

Background: Moderate to severe psoriasis significantly impairs quality of life and requires effective systemic therapies. Biologic agents targeting different immune pathways have transformed treatment but comparative efficacy data are limited.

Aim: To compare the efficacy, safety, and quality of life outcomes of Secukinumab, Adalimumab, and Ustekinumab in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.

Methods: An observational study including 60 patients treated with Secukinumab (n=21), Adalimumab (n=19), or Ustekinumab (n=20) was conducted over 24 weeks. Baseline demographics, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were recorded. Clinical response was assessed by PASI 75 achievement, time to response, and safety profiles were monitored. Quality of life was evaluated by DLQI score changes.

Results: All biologics demonstrated significant clinical efficacy with PASI 75 rates of 71.4%, 57.9%, and 80.0% for Secukinumab, Adalimumab, and Ustekinumab, respectively (p=0.31). Time to PASI 75 was significantly shorter with Secukinumab and Ustekinumab (p=0.05). Adverse event rates were comparable across groups. Quality of life improvement was significantly greater with Secukinumab and Ustekinumab compared to Adalimumab (p=0.003).

Conclusion: Secukinumab and Ustekinumab showed trends towards faster and greater clinical and quality of life improvements compared to Adalimumab, with all agents maintaining favorable safety profiles. These findings support the use of IL-17 and IL-12/23 inhibitors as effective options in moderate to severe psoriasis

Comparative RP-HPLC Analytical Method Validation of Thiocolchicoside in Parenteral Dosage Forms: Influence of Protic and Aprotic Solvents

2025-08-21T09:53:38+00:00

The present study aims to develop and validate a robust, precise, and reproducible reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of Thiocolchicoside in various parenteral formulations, with a comparative assessment of protic and aprotic solvents used during method optimization. Thiocolchicoside, a semi-synthetic muscle relaxant, is widely used in injectable dosage forms for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. The analytical method was validated in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) guidelines, evaluating critical parameters such as specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), robustness, and system suitability. Two solvent systems one based on protic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol) and the other on aprotic solvents (e.g., acetonitrile, dimethylformamide) were employed to investigate their influence on chromatographic performance and analyte stability. Comparative analysis revealed that aprotic solvent systems provided superior peak resolution, reduced tailing factor, and enhanced method sensitivity, while protic solvents demonstrated better solubility and sample compatibility for routine analysis. This study highlights the critical role of solvent selection in RP-HPLC method development and offers an optimized, validated analytical approach for the reliable estimation of Thiocolchicoside in injectable dosage forms

Evaluating The Role Of Latch Scoring Tool In Identifying And Correcting Breastfeeding Problems

2025-08-21T10:01:11+00:00

Introduction: Breastfeeding is critical for neonatal nutrition and immunity, yet many mothers face early breastfeeding challenges that can undermine exclusive breastfeeding rates. The LATCH scoring tool offers a structured method to identify and address these challenges by assessing five essential components of breastfeeding effectiveness.

Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted over 15–18 months at tertiary care hospital in Pilkhuwa, Hapur, involving 170 stable mother– neonate dyads (≥34 weeks gestation, birth weight >1.8 kg). Each dyad was assessed on Day 1 and Day 2 postpartum using the LATCH scoring system (range: 0–10). Mothers with lower scores received one-on-one counselling focused on proper positioning, latch techniques, and comfort measures. Data was recorded in a structured format and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (p < 0.05 considered significant).

Results: On Day 1, 57.1% of dyads scored 5–7, while 32.3% scored 8–10, with a mean LATCH score of 7.07. Following counselling, 81.2% scored between 8–10 on Day 2 (mean 8.69), reflecting a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001). Improvement in LATCH score was observed following counselling. Higher LATCH scores on Day 2 were strongly linked to successful exclusive breastfeeding at discharge and those neonates with lower initial LATCH score had higher chances of developing neonatal complications.

Conclusion: The LATCH scoring tool effectively identifies and corrects breastfeeding difficulties when coupled with focused counselling. Integrating routine LATCH assessments into postpartum care can enhance exclusive breastfeeding rates and promote better neonatal health outcomes.

Analytical Method Development of Process Related Impurities of drug Lacidipine by using RP HPLC Techniques

2025-08-21T12:02:31+00:00

The synthesis and Retro synthesis of Lacidipine was studied to determine the process-related impurities in Lacidipine formulation. The intermediates of the drug treated as impurities were decided and planned for the synthesis. General Method for 1,4dihyropyridine Synthesis was used. The purity of the intermediate was carried out by column chromatography using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as mobile phase. The technique was observed to be explicit, direct, delicate, exact and precise. The outcomes showed great middle of the road accuracy. Versatile stage stream rate seemed to have critical impact on power, and thus it was essential to be painstakingly controlled.

Comparative Accuracy of Static Virtual Versus Conventional Articulation in Dental Arches: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2025-08-21T12:08:12+00:00

The evolution of digital workflows in prosthodontics has introduced static virtual articulation as a modern alternative to conventional mechanical articulators for simulating occlusal relationships. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the accuracy, efficiency, and clinical applicability of static virtual and conventional articulation methods in dentate and partially edentulous patients. Comprehensive electronic searches were conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and Cochrane standards. Studies were included if they compared static virtual and conventional articulators based on articulation accuracy, time efficiency, reproducibility, patient satisfaction, or cost-effectiveness. Risk of bias was assessed using appropriate tools based on study design, including AMSTAR 2 and ROBINS-I. Meta-analysis was performed where appropriate using a random-effects model. Results indicated that static virtual articulators demonstrated statistically significant improvements in accuracy and efficiency, along with benefits such as reduced chairside time and improved patient experience. However, limitations remain, particularly in capturing dynamic mandibular movements, which may affect outcomes in complex occlusal cases. The review concludes that static virtual articulation is a clinically viable and precise alternative for routine prosthodontic use, though further high-quality research is needed for broader application in advanced rehabilitative contexts

The Association Between Obesity and Gerd: A Review of The Epidemiological Evidence

2025-08-22T10:43:14+00:00

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obesity have both reached epidemic proportions globally, with mounting evidence suggesting a strong association between these conditions.

Objective: To systematically review and synthesize epidemiological evidence examining the relationship between obesity and GERD, including its complications such as erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Methods: A comprehensive review of epidemiological studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews was conducted, focusing on population-based studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies that examined the association between various measures of obesity and GERD-related outcomes.

Results: Strong epidemiological evidence demonstrates a consistent positive association between obesity and GERD. Meta-analyses show that overweight individuals (BMI 25-30 kg/m²) have a 1.4-1.6-fold increased risk of GERD symptoms, while obese individuals (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) have a 1.9-2.9-fold increased risk. The relationship exhibits a clear dose-response pattern, with risk increasing progressively across BMI categories, even within the normal weight range. Abdominal obesity, particularly visceral fat accumulation, appears to be a stronger predictor of GERD complications than overall BMI. Weight loss interventions consistently demonstrate improvement in GERD symptoms, with structured programs achieving complete symptom resolution in 65% of participants.

Conclusions: The epidemiological evidence overwhelmingly supports a causal relationship between obesity and GERD. The association is consistent across diverse populations, demonstrates biological plausibility through multiple mechanisms, and shows reversibility with weight loss interventions.

Analytical Method Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Linagliptin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2025-08-22T10:55:05+00:00

A simple, precise, and specific spectroscopy method for quantitative determination of Linagliptin in API and in pharmaceutical dosage form was developed and validated. The development was performed on a Zorbax SB Phenyl column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The pH was adjusted to 3.2 with buffer solution: acetonitrile (75:25% v/v) at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. Samples werelyzed using a UV-visible 2487 detector at 295 nm. The developed method complied with the system suitability study with an acceptable asymmetric factor and number of theoretical plates. The linearity was observed between 10–30 μg/mL concentrations (r² = 0.999). Method accuracy was observed as 99.7 %. The drug content was found within the acceptable limit in the intermediate precision study. The retention time was obtained at 2.73 min. This method was validated and applied to the determination of Linagliptin in pharmaceutical dosage form. ⁽¹⁾

Comparative Efficacy of Controlled Physiotherapy Exercises Versus Traditional Midwife Massage in Lactating Working Women with Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Study

2025-08-22T11:40:26+00:00

Background: Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint in postpartum women, particularly those resuming desk-based employment during lactation. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of controlled physiotherapy exercises with traditional massage by midwives in alleviating neck pain in lactating females with desk job profiles.

Methods: A 12-week randomized controlled study was conducted on 30 lactating women aged 18–40 years experiencing neck pain. Participants were allocated equally into two groups (n=15 each): Group A received traditional massage therapy by midwives, while Group B underwent a structured physiotherapy exercise regimen. The Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) were administered at baseline and at 15-day intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t- tests.

Results: Both groups demonstrated improvement; however, Group B showed significantly greater reductions in NDI and SPADI scores at Day 61–75 and Day 76–90 (p<0.001). Group B’s SPADI scores decreased from 105.53 to 22.87, while NDI scores declined from 44.93 to 4.07.

Conclusion: Controlled physiotherapy exercises proved significantly more effective than traditional midwife massage in reducing neck and shoulder pain and disability in lactating working women. This highlights the necessity of incorporating targeted physiotherapy into postpartum care for women with sedentary occupational demands.

Structured Physiotherapy Outperforms Traditional Massage for Managing Postpartum Neck Pain in Working Mothers: A Clinical Investigation

2025-08-22T11:46:26+00:00

Background: Cervical discomfort is a common issue among postpartum women, particularly those returning to desk-based work. This study investigates and compares the outcomes of structured physiotherapy exercises and traditional midwife massage in managing neck pain among lactating working mothers.

Methods: A total of 30 lactating women aged 18–40 years, experiencing neck pain, were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial lasting 12 weeks. They were evenly assigned into two groups (n=15 each). Group A received traditional massage therapy administered by midwives, while Group B followed a prescribed physiotherapy exercise protocol. Assessments using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) were conducted at the start and at 15-day intervals. Independent t-tests were used for statistical evaluation.

Results: Both treatment groups showed improvement; however, Group B exhibited significantly greater reductions in NDI and SPADI scores, especially by Day 61–90 (p<0.001). SPADI scores in Group B decreased from 105.53 to 22.87, and NDI scores from 44.93 to 4.07.

Conclusion: Structured physiotherapy demonstrated superior efficacy over traditional massage in alleviating neck and shoulder pain and disability in lactating women with desk jobs. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating physiotherapy into routine postpartum care for working mothers.

Biochemical screening and antibacterial activates of selected medicinal plants from District Harnai, Balochistan Pakistan

2025-08-23T10:29:33+00:00

This study aimed to carry out the phytochemical and antibacterial activities of the selected medicinal plants from Harnai Balochistan Pakistan. The qualitative and quantitive phytochemical investigation was carried out in four different solvents ethanol, methanol, acetone and chloroform for selected medicinal plant (Olea ferruginea, Tulipa lehmanniana, Pistacia khinjuk and Bunium persicum) and the antimicrobial activity against multi drug resistant strains and environmentally collected strains were carried out. The qualitative phytochemicals finding shows the presence of flavonoids, sugar, protein, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, tannins, cardiac glycerides, steroids, alkaloids, amino acids uniformly in all plants species in all four solvent extracts, glycosides are present in all four species with acetone solvent extracts and is absent in Tulipa lehmanniana, Pistacia khinjuk and Olea ferruginea with chloroform solvent extract and also with ethanol extract in Tulipa lehmanniana and Pistacia khinjuk and it is also absent in Pistacia khinjuk with methanol extracts. Anthroquinone is absent in Tulipa lehmanniana, Pistacia khinjuk and Bunium persicum with chloroform extract but are present in the rest of all extract solvent in all species, fixed oil and saponins is only absent in Tulipa lehmanniana with methanol extract and in Olea ferruginea with ethanol extract solution while it is present with all the rest of solution extract in all sour selected plant species. The quantitative biochemical investigation revealed that the contents of carbohydrates was reported in Bunium persicum 2.83 μg/mg in the methanol solution, the highest Phenolic contents is quantified in Tulipa lehmanniana in the chloroform

extract i.e. 16.25 μg/mg extracts, Tulipa lehmanniana have the highest percentage of alkaloids in the methanol extracts (41.2%) Olea ferruginea have the highest percentage of saponins in the ethanol extracts (15.2%) and all the extracts. Bunium persicum have the highest percentage of Proteins in the ethanol extract (10.4 μg/ml) followed by Tulipa lehmanniana with (7.2 μg/ml) in the ethanol extracts Solution. The antibacterial activity of the chloroform extracts of Tulipa lehmanniana shows a very good activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MDR) and Escherichia coli bacteria, the acetone extracts of Tulipa lehmanniana has also shown very good activity against Bacillus brevis bacteria. The ethanolic, methanolic, acetone and chloroform extracts of Pistacia khinjuk have showed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MDR). It is concluded that the medicinal plants wealth of the area should be further investigated for clinical and pharmaceutical potential in order to natural drug discovery development at regional and global level

A Cross-sectional study Comparing Performance of IOTA Simple Rules, Simple Rules Risk Assessment and O-RADS in differentiating between Benign and Malignant Adnexal Lesions in a Tertiary Care Centre, Chengalpattu District

2025-08-25T05:12:51+00:00

Background: Grading systems like IOTA Simple Rules and O-RADS are commonly used to assess ovarian lesions, but their comparative effectiveness in clinical practice remains underexplored.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the performance of IOTA simple rules, simple rules risk assessment and O-RADS in differentiating between benign and malignant adnexal lesions.

Methods: This was a single center, hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu between July 2023 and December 2024.

Results: The study included 128 participants, of whom 96 (75%) had benign adnexal masses and 32 (25%) had malignant lesions. The mean age of participants was 48.6 years, with no significant age difference between benign and malignant groups (p = 0.920). The majority of participants were under 50 years of age. In terms of lesion size, the mean maximum dimension was significantly larger for malignant lesions (100.5 mm) compared to benign lesions (83.0 mm, p < 0.001). Solid tissue was more common in malignant lesions (87.5%) compared to benign lesions (34.4%, p < 0.001). When using the IOTA Simple Rules, 74.2% of lesions were classified as benign, 16.4% as malignant, and 9.4% as inconclusive. The IOTA Simple Rules Risk Assessment categorized 45.3% of lesions with a malignancy risk of less than 1%, while 21.1% were classified with a risk of 50% or higher. The O-RADS classification showed that 68.0% of lesions were O-RADS 2 (benign), and 16.4% were O-RADS 5 (high risk). The IOTA Simple Rules Risk Assessment demonstrated an AUC of 0.922 (sensitivity: 81.3%, specificity: 82.7%), while the O-RADS system showed an AUC of 0.854 (sensitivity: 90.6%, specificity: 83.7%). Both systems were statistically significant (p < 0.001) in predicting malignant adnexal masses.

Conclusion: Both the IOTA Simple Rules and O-RADS systems are effective in differentiating benign and malignant adnexal masses, with high diagnostic accuracy. The findings support their utility in improving clinical decision-making and patient outcomes

Recent Advances in Nanotechnology for the Prevention and Management of OSCC

2025-08-25T07:10:00+00:00

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is among the most common malignancies globally, contributing substantially to oral cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatment methods, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, exhibit limitations such as non-specific medication distribution, systemic toxicity, and recurrence. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology and drug delivery technologies have resulted in the development of theranostic techniques, which provide both therapeutic and diagnostic functions within a single platform. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) facilitate targeted drug administration, augment bioavailability, and reduce adverse effects, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. The shift from traditional treatment to theranostic intervention utilises nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and micelles to encapsulate anticancer drugs, facilitating controlled and localised medication release. Moreover, intelligent nanocarriers that include imaging agents provide real-time observation of drug distribution and tumour response, allowing for personalised treatment approaches. Diverse nanoplatforms, including gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, have been thoroughly investigated for their multifunctionality in the therapy of OSCC. Moreover, biomimetic and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems boost therapeutic efficacy while minimising systemic toxicity. This study underscores the transition from conventional OSCC treatments to nanomedicine-based theranostic strategies, highlighting their potential to transform oral cancer therapy. Notwithstanding significant progress, obstacles including large-scale manufacturing, regulatory approvals, and clinical implementation must be resolved for general acceptance. Future research should concentrate on enhancing nanoplatforms to attain precision oncology, hence improving prognostic and therapeutic results for OSCC patients. The amalgamation of NDDS with artificial intelligence and personalised medicine may further transform OSCC treatment, establishing theranostics as a fundamental element in oral cancer management

Role of FIB-4 and eGFRcysC as Diagnostic Tools for Early Detection of Impaired Hepato-Renal Function in Chronic Alcoholics

2025-08-26T04:58:25+00:00

Aim: To evaluate the association between hepatic fibrosis, measured by the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, and renal function, assessed by cystatin C–based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcysC), in chronic alcohol-consuming patients, and to compare findings with age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Methods: Cross-sectional, case–control research was done at the Department of Biochemistry, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, between 18 months. One hundred chronic alcoholics (≥10 years; >40 g/day for males and >20 g/day for females) and 100 healthy controls were enrolled. Exclusion conditions were non-alcoholic liver disease, severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), nephrotoxic drugs, malignancy, HIV, acute sepsis, and pregnancy. Clinical information was captured and fasting blood draws assayed for liver and renal function, viral markers, and serum cystatin C. FIB-4 scores and eGFRcysC were determined. Statistical analysis was done with Student's t-test and Chi-square test with p<0.05 as significant.

Results:Patients had much higher mean FIB-4 values (3.37 ± 1.40 vs 1.13 ± 0.42, p<0.001) and lower eGFRcysC (24.82 ± 7.56 vs 91.47 ± 14.98 mL/min/1.73 m², p<0.001) than controls. Cystatin C was increased in patients (2.84 ± 0.70 vs 0.96 ± 0.11 mg/L, p<0.001). Increased grades of fibrosis correlated with higher CKD stages, and there was a very strong inverse correlation between FIB-4 and eGFRcysC.

Conclusion: Chronic alcohol use is associated with concurrent hepatic fibrosis and renal impairment. FIB-4 and eGFRcysC are accessible, reliable, and complementary tools for early detection of hepatorenal dysfunction, with potential to guide timely interventions in at-risk populations.

Formulation and Evaluation of Hydrogel containing Bauhinia Racemosa

2025-08-26T05:26:40+00:00

Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks made up of hydrophilic polymer links that are cross-linked chemically or mechanically. In order to speed up the healing process, it designates insoluble hydrophilic structures that have the capacity to absorb wound exudates and permit oxygen diffusion. The aim of present study is to formulate and evaluate hydrogel containing Bauhinia racemosa. For cure of wound healing number of synthetic drugs are obtainable but herbal remedies offer a promising alternative to synthetic drugs due to their biocompatibility, affordability, and low toxicity. A preliminary phytochemical study of Bauhinia Racemosa extract showed the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols both of which aid in wound healing and skin tissue regeneration. The F1-F7 formulations of Bauhinia Racemosa hydrogel for wound healing was formulated using different concentration Carbopol-940 (0.5-2%) and evaluated for appearance pH, Viscosity, Spreadability, Drug content, In-vitro drug diffusion and Stability studies. In those seven formulations the F5 shows better results as compare to other batches i.e. pH-5.6, Viscosity-9000 cps, Spreadability-6.9 cm, Drug content-83 % and good percentage of drug diffusionstudy i.e. 86.11%. ICH Q1A (R2) conditions for stability study over 3 months confirmed the formulation's stability with no major changes in appearance, pH, and drug content & in vitro drug diffusion. Appropriate selection of polymer and their proportions is a prerequisite for designing and developing a hydrogel. The prepared hydrogel showed better results for homogeneity, drug release rates & good stability when compared to marketed formulation.

Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Ciclopirox Olamine Nanogel for the Treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis

2025-08-26T05:32:17+00:00

Background: Cutaneous candidiasis is a superficial fungal infection predominantly caused by Candida albicans, often affecting moist skin areas. To overcome limitations of conventional topical antifungal treatments, such as poor skin penetration and frequent application, this study aimed to formulate, develop, and evaluate a nanogel containing Ciclopirox Olamine for improved topical delivery.

Methods: Nanogels (F1–F4) were prepared using the emulsion-solvent diffusion method, incorporating Carbopol 934 as gelling agent, PEG-600 and propylene glycol as co-solvents, Tween 80 as surfactant, and triethanolamine as a pH adjuster.

Results: All formulations were evaluated for physicochemical properties. F4 demonstrated optimal performance: pH 5.67, spreadability 6.9 g·cm/s, viscosity 22200 cps, drug content 92.93%, and entrapment efficiency 92.1%. The drug and excipient compatibility was verified by FTIR.. UV analysis showed a λmax at 256 nm with linearity between 2–8 µg/mL. SEM revealed spherical particles; DLS showed Z-average particle size of 115.8 nm with PDI 0.828; zeta potential was -19.7 mV, indicating moderate stability. In vitro drug diffusion studies showed maximum drug release for F4 at 93.68% over 8 hours. Antifungal efficacy via well diffusion showed a 17 mm zone of inhibition for F4 against Candida albicans, compared to 24 mm for the standard (Miconazole). MIC was determined at 31.2 µg/mL, and MFC analysis confirmed effective fungal eradication at higher concentrations.

Conclusion: The optimized nanogel (F4) thus offers improved penetration, sustained release, effective antifungal action, and better patient compliance, making it a promising candidate for the topical treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.

Assessment Of Dry Eye Status Using The Ocular Surface Disease Index (Osdi) In Cataract Surgery

2025-08-26T07:04:32+00:00

Background: Dry eye disease is multi-factorial and subsequently seen in patient who have undergone phacoemulsification and small incision cataract surgery. So this study was planned to assess the dry eye status among patients undergone phacoemulsification and small incision cataract surgery by using ocular surface disease index (OSDI).

Materials & Methods: A prospective clinical study included 54 eyes of 54 patients of age 50-80 years suffering with cataract undergoing phacoemulsification or small incision cataract surgery. At the primary visit there were basic eye evaluation that included a detailed ocular and systemic history. Dry eye symptoms were evaluated using a validated Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The results were assessed before and 1 month after the surgery.

Results: In 54 study patients, 66.7% women and 33.3% men, mean age was 74.08 ± 5.37. There was a significant increase in mean OSDI score after the cataract surgery: from 12.15 ± 10.34 to 13.79 ± 10.88, p =0.001. The postoperative increase in mean OSDI score was noted in both men (from 8.81 ± 7.65 to 10.5 ± 9.34, p = 0.054) and women group (from 13.59 ± 10.78 to 15.44 ± 11.35, p =0.008).

Conclusions: this study concluded that the ocular surface was affected 1 month after the cataract surgery and the OSDI score increased. Further research is needed to evaluate if the changes observed in our study are long-term or not.

A Novel Insight into the Anti-Urolithiatic Effect of Manjistha and Triphala Syrup Formulation

2025-08-26T07:54:07+00:00

Urolithiasis is a common, painful renal disorder of calcium oxalate crystal precipitation. Some traditional medicines have been found to have anti-urolithiatic actions, including Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia) and Triphala. This study investigates the litholytic potential of a polyherbal syrup made from these plants. Hydroalcoholic extracts of R. cordifolia roots and Triphala were prepared by Soxhlet extraction. The herbal syrup was then subjected to anti-urolithiatic testing in vitro, through methodologies such as egg membrane assay and sedimentary crystal formation model. Cystone was taken as a reference standard. TLC was adopted for phytochemical profiling of the extracts. TLC helped identify the main phytoconstituents such as gallic and ellagic acids. Using the egg membrane assay method, the dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals was found to be 48% by the herbal syrup, while for Cystone this value was 54%. The sedimentary crystal model revealed a significant reduction in calcium oxalate crystals under treatment as compared with the control. The preparation showed promising effects of anti-urolithiatic activity in vitro, which could be due to synergistic phytoconstituent effects. These findings support its traditional usage and its potential for the natural treatment of urolithiasis. It is further suggested that investigating the activity in vivo, followed by clinical experiments, would be recommended for its confirmation.

Anti-Arthritic, Anti-Lipoxygenase, and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibition Activities of Cucumis Melo Agrestis and Albizia Thompsonii

2025-08-26T08:45:48+00:00

The increasing prevalence of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, has prompted the search for alternative treatments, particularly from natural sources. This study explores the anti-arthritic, anti-lipoxygenase, and nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition activities of Cucumis melo agrestis and Albizia thompsonii, two medicinal plants native to India. These plants have been traditionally used for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties. The extracts of both plants were evaluated for their ability to inhibit protein denaturation, a key mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as their effects on lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and NO production in macrophages. The results demonstrated that both Cucumis melo agrestis and Albizia thompsonii exhibited significant anti-arthritic effects by inhibiting BSA denaturation, with IC50 values comparable to that of diclofenac sodium. Furthermore, the extracts showed notable inhibitory effects on 15-lipoxygenase activity and reduced NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that both plants possess strong anti-inflammatory potential and may offer a promising alternative to conventional anti-inflammatory drugs, potentially reducing the reliance on synthetic medications and their associated side effects.

Empowering College Girls: From Research Insights to AI-Based Solutions for Menstrual Health and Academic Success

2025-08-26T09:09:56+00:00

Menstrual health plays a crucial role in the academic performance and overall well-being of female college students, yet it remains insufficiently addressed within institutional frameworks. This study investigated the challenges associated with menstruation, including physical discomfort, psychological stress, stigma, and reduced academic engagement. A cross-sectional survey of 255 female students (aged 17–22 years) from paramedical and non-medical disciplines was conducted using a structured, expert-validated 44-item questionnaire. Statistical analysis (SPSS v28) revealed significant differences in awareness of premenstrual syndrome (p = 0.031) and the role of exercise in symptom management (p = 0.008). Menstrual cramps, bloating, mood swings, and anxiety were the most reported symptoms, with passive coping strategies preferred over exercise (<14%). An educational intervention integrating exercise guidance and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven menstrual health applications demonstrated an 82% improvement in awareness and motivated 61% of participants to consider adopting healthier lifestyle practices. These findings underscore the potential of AI-enabled digital health platforms, when combined with targeted educational strategies, to enhance menstrual health literacy, reduce stigma, and support academic productivity. Future research should explore the long-term effectiveness and scalability of such AI-based interventions within higher education institutions.

Ai-Powered Drug Discovery: Accelerating Biomedical Research Through Computational Algorithms

2025-08-26T10:38:19+00:00

Introduction: AI is gaining more attention as a technique for drug discovery with the possible benefits of enhancing accuracy, shortening development, and decreasing expenses. It suggests that although knowledge of networks might help solve several problems in different stages of drug discovery, their effect is still unclear in terms of inter-connectedness for diverse professionals. The following research examines how artificial intelligence can enhance drug discovery processes by examining its achievements, issues, and prospects.

Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative data collection method using an online survey was used with 250 participants comprising biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms, academic researchers, and AI-based healthcare start-ups. The participants were chosen purposively, and only persons with direct experience in drug discovery or AI were selected. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and reliability analysis were used to analyze the data to arrive at statistical conclusions. Normality tests were conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test, while Cronbach's alpha test established the internal consistency of the measures with Likert items.

Results: The Shapiro-Wilk test showed that the 'Impact of AI' and 'Satisfaction with AI integration' were non-normal distributions (p < 0.05). Cronbach's alpha for the selected Likert-scale items was -0.07. The result showing low internal consistency was therefore expected. Quantitative assessments based on visualizations showed that AI personnel and data scientists appreciated AI's impact more than research scientists and pharmacologists. Despite the significant focus on the transforming role of AI as the standard for drug discovery in the future, the problems of cost reduction remain crucial, as well as the issues connected with the integration of AI.

Conclusion: Significant advances in AI can potentially change the nature of drug discovery; however, it is not equally distributed across the industry. Challenges are technical, regulatory, and organizational; however, their successful surmounting will allow them to utilize the Navinfo approach's potential in decreasing costs, increasing accuracy, and shortening the terms of developing new drugs. The industry should undertake more studies and development to enhance the coordinating mechanisms between AI and drug discovery.

Structure-Based Design, Docking, and Pharmacophore Mapping of Quinoline Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum DHFR: A Computational Antimalarial Study

2025-08-26T11:52:11+00:00

Background:Malaria, caused predominantly by Plasmodium falciparum, remains a major global health burden, with rising resistance to existing drugs such as pyrimethamine posing a significant challenge (World Health Organization [WHO], 2023). P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR) is a validated target for antimalarial therapy, but resistance mutations necessitate novel inhibitor designs. Quinoline derivatives offer a versatile scaffold with proven antimalarial potential and tunable chemical properties.

Objective:To design, dock, and perform pharmacophore mapping of novel quinoline derivatives against PfDHFR, assessing their binding affinities, key molecular interactions, and predicted pharmacokinetic profiles to identify promising candidates for further development.

Methods:Five quinoline derivatives—QD-1 (4-amino-7-chloroquinoline), QD-2 (2,6-dimethylquinoline), QD-3 (6-methoxyquinoline), QD-4 (quinoline-2-thiol), and QD-5 (quinoline-3-carboxylic acid)—were designed and optimized using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Molecular docking was performed against PfDHFR (PDB ID: 1J3I) using AutoDock Vina, and 3D binding poses were visualized. ADMET properties were predicted via SwissADME, and pharmacophore mapping was conducted using Phase (Schrödinger).

Results:QD-3 displayed the highest binding affinity (−10.2 kcal/mol), forming stable hydrogen bonds with key residues Ile14, Asp54, and Phe58, alongside strong hydrophobic contacts. QD-1 also demonstrated excellent binding (−9.8 kcal/mol) with favorable ADMET properties. Radar plots indicated that all derivatives were within optimal ranges for oral bioavailability. Pharmacophore mapping revealed that QD-3 and QD-1 matched all critical hydrogen bond donor, acceptor, and aromatic hydrophobic features of the generated model.

Conclusion:Quinoline derivatives, particularly QD-3 and QD-1, exhibit strong PfDHFR inhibitory potential with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, offering promising scaffolds for next-generation antimalarial development. These in-silico results warrant further in-vitro and in-vivo validation

A Prospective Hospital Based Observational Study On Electrolyte Changes Following Phototherapy In Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

2025-08-26T12:05:21+00:00

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH) is a common condition affecting a large proportion of term and preterm infants. Phototherapy is a widely used treatment modality; however, it may result in electrolyte disturbances such as hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia, which pose significant clinical concerns.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate changes in serum calcium, sodium, and potassium levels in neonates undergoing phototherapy for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted at RL Jalappa Hospital, Kolar, from August 2023 to August 2024. A total of 193 neonates aged between 24 hours to 14 days receiving phototherapy were enrolled. Electrolyte levels were measured before and after phototherapy and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.

Results: Hypocalcemia was observed in 24% of neonates post-phototherapy, significantly more common in preterm and low birth weight infants (p<0.001). Hyponatremia was found in 3.5% of cases, with a higher prevalence in preterm and LBW neonates. Hyperkalemia occurred in 4.2% of neonates post-phototherapy, although no significant hypokalemia was detected. The duration of phototherapy and gestational age showed a statistically significant correlation with electrolyte disturbances.

Conclusion: Phototherapy in neonates is associated with significant electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypocalcemia and hyponatremia, especially in preterm and low birth weight infants. Routine monitoring of electrolytes during phototherapy is recommended to prevent complications.

Correlation Between Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and Anthropometric Measurements in Children Less Than 2 Years in A Tertiary Care Centre In Kolar – an Observational Study.

2025-08-26T12:09:55+00:00

Introduction: Under-nutrition is estimated to be associated with 2.7 million child deaths annually or 45% of all child deaths. Infant and young child feeding is a key area to improve child survival and promote healthy growth and development. Methodology: This study was conducted in RLJH hospital, Pediatric OPD. The study was started after obtaining ethical clearance from the institutional ethical committee as well as consents from the parents. All children satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were included for the study. IYCF Questionnaire was used to elicit the infant feeding practices and was correlated with the Anthropometric measurements.

Results: The study shows that there are numerous feeding practices practiced in rural India which has impact on anthropometry. The practice which has a positive impact needs to be encouraged. In the study practice of Exclusive breast feeding for 6 months, initiating complementary feeding with locally available foods, no pre-lacteal feeds, introduction of fruits, vegetables, not introducing sugars and sweeteners till two years are good practices and need to be encouraged. The practices that need to discouraged are usage of feeding bottles, usage of formula feeds and not introducing eggs and meat till one year of age. Although cultural practices have an influence on feeding practices only positive ones need to be followed.

In the study it was seen that only weight for age was majorly affected compared to other anthropometric measurements. This shows acute nutritional deficiency is more common rather than chronicity. The inter-current illnesses might also be a cause for this rather than feeding practice alone.

Conclusion: The various feeding practices that are followed across India varies from Place to Place and Home to Home. Education alone can bring about changes in feeding practices

Impact Of Antenatal Corticosteroids On Neonatal Hypoglycemia And Hyperbilirubinemia In Preterms - A Prospective Cohort Study

2025-08-26T12:14:05+00:00

Background: Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are routinely administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery to promote fetal lung maturation and reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, emerging evidence suggests that ACS may influence neonatal outcomes such as hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia, with inconsistent findings across studies.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of antenatal corticosteroid exposure with neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted over 1.5 years at R.L. Jalappa Hospital. A total of 120 preterm neonates (<37 weeks gestation) were enrolled—60 with maternal ACS exposure and 60 without. Neonates with maternal diabetes, sepsis, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, or Rh incompatibility were excluded. Blood glucose was monitored every 6 hours for 72 hours post-birth. Hyperbilirubinemia was assessed via transcutaneous or serum bilirubin every 12 hours. Data were analysed using SPSS v21.0, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Hypoglycemia was significantly more common in the ACS group (55%) compared to the non-ACS group (5%) (p < 0.001), with an odds ratio of 23.22 (95% CI: 6.53–82.48). In contrast, the rate of hyperbilirubinemia was comparable between groups (41.7% in ACS vs. 53.3% in non-ACS, p = 0.20).

Conclusion: Antenatal corticosteroid exposure in preterm neonates is significantly associated with an increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia but not hyperbilirubinemia. These findings highlight the importance of vigilant glucose monitoring in ACS-exposed preterm infants, particularly during the first 72 hours of life.

A Study on Association of Nutritional Status and Life Style Habits in Children Aged 5-12 Years Having Emotional and Behavioral Disorder Attending Rural Tertiary Health Care Centre

2025-08-26T12:24:26+00:00

Background: Emotional and behavioural disorders (EBD) in children are emerging public health challenges that can adversely affect mental, emotional, and social development. Nutritional status and lifestyle behaviours such as diet, physical activity, and sleep may influence mental health, especially in underserved populations.

Objective: To assess the association between nutritional status and lifestyle habits among children aged 5–12 years diagnosed with EBD at a rural tertiary healthcare centre.

Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 451 children attending the paediatric OPD at RL Jalappa Hospital from May 2023 to December 2024. Children were screened using the Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4), with 103 children identified with EBD undergoing further evaluation for nutritional and lifestyle parameters. Nutritional status was assessed using WHO growth standards, and lifestyle habits were recorded through structured interviews. Data were analysed using SPSS v22 with chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.

Results: Social anxiety (32%), generalized anxiety disorder (30.1%), and specific phobia (28.2%) were the most prevalent EBDs. Most children had normal nutritional status (70.9%) and adequate physical activity (93.2%). A significant association was found only between enuresis and undernutrition (p = 0.008). No significant associations were observed between other EBDs and breakfast skipping, activity levels, or sleep patterns.

Conclusion: While most EBDs were not significantly associated with nutritional or lifestyle factors, undernutrition was linked to enuresis. The findings underscore the need for targeted screening and integrated approaches to paediatric mental health, especially in rural settings.

Comparision of Latch Score Vs Breast Feeding Self Assessment Scale for Evaluating Breast Feeding Problems -A Prospective Observational Study

2025-08-26T12:29:32+00:00

Background: Breastfeeding is vital for neonatal health, yet difficulties during early postpartum often hinder its successful establishment. Tools such as the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) and the LATCH assessment are employed to evaluate maternal confidence and breastfeeding technique, respectively. However, comparative data on their effectiveness in clinical practice remains limited.

Objective: To compare the BSES-SF and LATCH scores in identifying early breastfeeding problems and assess their feasibility and acceptability among healthcare providers.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from April 2023 to March 2024 at a tertiary care hospital in India. A total of 187 mothers with term neonates delivered via vaginal birth were included. Exclusion criteria comprised preterm births, NICU admissions, or need for intravenous fluids. BSES-SF and LATCH scores were recorded from <6 hours to Day 5 postpartum. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and significance testing (p < 0.05) were performed using SPSS v22.

Results: Both BSES-SF and LATCH scores showed significant progressive increases over five days (BSES-SF: 31.78 ± 5.87 to 67.19 ± 2.57; LATCH: 4.52 ± 1.19 to 9.59 ± 0.51). However, no significant correlation was found between the two tools at any time point. Healthcare providers reported high usability for both tools, with BSES-SF being easier to apply, while LATCH was more time-efficient (<15 minutes in 59.4% of cases).

Conclusion: Although BSES-SF and LATCH scores both improve with time postpartum, they assess different aspects of breastfeeding. Their lack of correlation suggests a complementary, rather than substitutive, role in clinical assessment. Integrating both tools may enhance early detection of breastfeeding difficulties and guide targeted interventions.

To Investigate the Potential Mechanisms By Which A Combination of Zinc, Fructose, And Pumpkin Seeds Affects Infertility-Related Diseases

2025-08-27T06:40:05+00:00

Infertility, particularly male infertility, is a growing global concern with declining sperm quality being a major contributing factor. The present study evaluated the effects of combined supplementation of zinc, fructose, and pumpkin seeds on reproductive function and systemic health in male Wistar rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, administered orally for eight weeks. Hematological, biochemical, hormonal, and semen parameters were assessed alongside histopathological examinations of vital organs. Results showed that 100 mg/kg supplementation improved reproductive health with enhanced germ cell development and stable systemic function. The 150 mg/kg group exhibited the most beneficial effects, including optimal hematological and biochemical stability, normal liver and kidney function, high-normal testosterone levels (7.2–7.6 ng/mL), and significantly improved semen parameters (sperm count 100–118 million/mL, motility 76–84%, progressive motility 54–68%, viability 86–92%, morphology 74–85%, semen volume ~2.0 mL). Histological findings confirmed well-preserved tissue integrity across multiple organs with vigorous spermatogenesis. Conversely, the 200 mg/kg group demonstrated peak semen parameters (sperm count 120–122 million/mL, motility 88–92%), but severe systemic toxicity including renal tubular necrosis, testicular degeneration, pancreatic and cardiac damage, and fibrosis in reproductive tissues. Overall, supplementation with zinc, fructose, and pumpkin seeds at moderate levels (100–150 mg/kg) enhanced male fertility, with 150 mg/kg identified as the most effective and safest dose, whereas supraphysiologic dosing (200 mg/kg) caused significant organ toxicity.

Challenging Recurrence of Pyogenic Granuloma: A Case Report and Review of Evolving Therapeutic Strategies

2025-08-27T09:44:43+00:00

Background: Pyogenic granuloma is a common benign reactive lesion of the gingiva that may develop due to local irritants, trauma, or hormonal factors. Despite being non-neoplastic, it has a high recurrence rate, particularly when incompletely excised or inadequately managed.

Case Presentation: A female patient reported with a chief complaint of pain and soft tissue overgrowth in the upper right anterior maxillary region. She had a prior history of similar gingival swelling in the same area, treated at a private clinic months earlier. Clinical examination revealed a pedunculated, erythematous lesion involving the interdental papilla between teeth 14 and 15. There was no relevant medical history, family history, or pregnancy. Radiographic evaluation (orthopantomogram) revealed no bone involvement. A provisional diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma was made. Hormonal profiling was also conducted and found to be normal. Surgical excision was performed under local anesthesia using infraorbital, nasopalatine, and greater palatine nerve blocks. A marginal incision was placed 1 mm from the gingival margin, and the lesion along with adjacent papilla was excised. Thorough curettage and root planing were performed in the 14–15 region, followed by irrigation with povidone-iodine and saline. A Coe-Pak periodontal dressing was placed. The patient was followed up at 2 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 5 months, with additional debridement and reinforcement of oral hygiene. Healing progressed uneventfully.

Conclusion: At 1-year follow-up, the surgical site showed complete healing with no signs of recurrence. Proper surgical technique, elimination of local irritants, and diligent follow-up were key to successful long-term management in this case of recurrent pyogenic granuloma.

Therapeutic and Scientific Evaluation of the Efficacy of Shatkarma in the Management of Modern Lifestyle Disorders

2025-08-28T04:43:40+00:00

The escalating prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)—such as metabolic syndrome, psychosomatic stress, gastrointestinal dysregulation, and pulmonary disorders—can be directly correlated with the sedentary dynamics, circadian disruption, and heightened psycho-emotional burden of contemporary urban life. Rooted in classical Hatha Yoga treatises, Shatkarma encompasses six foundational purification methodologies: Dhauti, Basti, Neti, Trataka, Nauli, and Kapalabhati. These techniques are traditionally ascribed with systemic detoxificatory potency, promoting somatic homeostasis, neurophysiological optimization, and cognitive-emotional equilibrium.

The present inquiry provides a multidisciplinary and evidence-informed exploration into the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of Shatkarma in addressing modern lifestyle-induced pathophysiological syndromes. Through critical evaluation of classical yogic doctrine integrated with contemporary clinical insights, this study positions Shatkarma as a potential adjunctive intervention within the framework of integrative and preventive medicine. It underscores the relevance of ancient embodied practices in modulating psychoneuroimmunological functions, enhancing systemic resilience, and advancing holistic health outcomes in the 21st century

Comparison of Irrigation Fluids In 3rd Molar Surgery: Fluids-Normal Saline, Normal Saline + Betadine, Normal Saline + Chlorhexidine

2025-08-28T07:05:20+00:00

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of different irrigation fluids—Normal Saline, Normal Saline with Povidone-Iodine (Betadine), and Normal Saline with Chlorhexidine—in reducing postoperative complications such as pain, trismus, infection, and alveolar osteitis following impacted mandibular third molar surgery.

Materials and methods: A total of 60 participants were randomly divided into three groups (n=20 per group) based on the final irrigant used after tooth removal. Group A received 0.9% normal saline, Group B received a combination of normal saline and 0.5% povidone-iodine (Betadine), and Group C received normal saline with 0.12% chlorhexidinegluconate. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia using 2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline. A full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap was elevated, followed by bone guttering and tooth sectioning using saline as the standard coolant. Data analysis was done using SSPS software.

Results: In our study, a total of 60 patients were enrolled and equally divided into three groups: Group A (Normal Saline), Group B (Normal Saline + Betadine), and Group C (Normal Saline + Chlorhexidine), with 20 patients in each group. The mean age was comparable among the groups, recorded as 26.4 ± 4.2 years in Group A, 25.8 ± 3.9 years in Group B, and 26.1 ± 4.5 years in Group C. Gender distribution included 29 males and 31 females, with Group A comprising 11 males and 9 females, Group B with 10 males and 10 females, and Group C with 8 males and 12 females. Most participants (n = 47) were categorized as ASA I, while the remaining 13 were ASA II; Group A had 16 ASA I and 4 ASA II patients, Group B had the same distribution, and Group C included 15 ASA I and 5 ASA II. Mouth opening was measured in millimeters at three time points: preoperatively, postoperative day 1, and postoperative day 7. The preoperative values were similar across groups—16.6 ± 4.5 mm in Group A, 16.9 ± 1.7 mm in Group B, and 17.3 ± 1.8 mm in Group C (p = 0.472). On postoperative day 1, an increase in mouth opening was noted in all groups: 22.9 ± 5.7 mm in Group A, 25.1 ± 1.9 mm in Group B, and 26.2 ± 1.2 mm in Group C, showing a statistically significant difference (p = 0.004). By postoperative day 7, further improvement was seen—44.21 ± 3.5 mm in Group A, 45.1 ± 1.4 mm in Group B, and 45.9 ± 0.9 mm in Group C (p = 0.016). Intragroup comparisons also demonstrated statistically significant improvements over time (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Chlorhexidine irrigation showed slightly better improvement in postoperative mouth opening compared to betadine and normal saline.

Crestal Incision Vs Plus Incision In Healing Of Gingival Collar In Second Stage Implant Surgery: A Comparative Study

2025-08-28T07:28:41+00:00

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of crestal incision versus plus (+) incision techniques in the healing of the gingival collar during second-stage dental implant surgery, with particular focus on soft tissue contour, gingival health, and esthetic outcome.

Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the impact of different incision techniques on gingival papilla height around single implants in the esthetic zone. The study included 50 patients (25 males, 25 females) aged 19–60 years. Papillae that met the strict inclusion criteria, which required healthy, functioning implants adjacent to natural teeth, thick gingival biotype (>1 mm), appropriate spacing (2.5–4 mm), and consistent surgical execution by a single operator. Patients with systemic diseases, poor implant positioning, active oral inflammation, smoking habits, or oral parafunctions were excluded. Data analysis was done using SSPS software.

Results: In this study, a total of 50 patients were equally divided into two groups to compare the effects of crestal and plus incision techniques during second-stage implant surgery. The demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The mean age in Group A (Crestal Incision) was 38.7 ± 10.4 years, while in Group B (Plus Incision) it was 39.2 ± 11.1 years. Gender distribution was similar, with 14 males and 11 females in Group A, and 13 males and 12 females in Group B. The implant placement locations were nearly balanced, with 16 maxillary and 9 mandibular implants in Group A and 15 maxillary and 10 mandibular in Group B. A majority of patients in both groups had a thick gingival biotype (17 in Group A and 18 in Group B). The mean duration since implant placement was also similar between the groups, being 7.2 ± 1.1 months in Group A and 7.4 ± 1.3 months in Group B.

Conclusion: The plus incision technique in second-stage implant surgery showed better soft tissue healing and papilla preservation than the crestal incision, though further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.

Evaluation of Bond Strength of Denture Base Resin to a Cross-Linked Denture Teeth with Various Auxiliary Retentive Features: An In Vitro Study

2025-08-28T07:40:46+00:00

Background: This study was conducted to assess the Bond Strength of Denture Base Resin to a Cross-Linked Denture Teeth with Various Auxiliary Retentive Features.

Material and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge of Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar. The objective of this study was to compare the bond strength of cross-linked denture teeth to Lucitone199 heat cure denture base resin after various mechanical modification of the bonding surface area of cross-linked denture tooth. 80 left maxillary cross-linked acrylic central incisor denture teeth (Cosmo HXLTM Acrylic two layered teeth, DENTSPLY Dental (Tianjin) Co., Ltd, China) of same size and shade were selected. The 80 teeth were then divided into 4 Groups. The 4 Groups were named Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 according to the mechanical modification of the surface treatments in which group 1 served as control group with no surface mechanical modification. Group 2, round groove Group3, vertical groove and Group4T-shaped groove. Wax models were made using a custom-made jig such that the tooth was placed with a labial inclination of 1300 from the denture base. The wax models were invested.

Results: When comparing the other Groups with the control Group, there is a statistical difference between the mean bond strength values of vertical groove and T-Shaped groove.The mean bond strength values of vertical groove and T-Shaped groove (646.65N and 721.43N) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control Group (510.29N) as proved from Tukey’s HSD test.Round groove (519.32N) had no statistically (p>0.05) significant mean bond strength values when compared to the control Group (510.29N).When compared to the vertical groove and T- Shaped groove (646.65N and 721.43N), had statistically highest (p<0.05) mean bond strength value of 721.43N and was proved statistically with Tukey’s HSD test.

Conclusion: The mechanical modification on the bonding surface of acrylic teeth before packing definitely improved bonds strength. The T-Shaped group had the highest mean bond strength values and all the failures were cohesive in nature. Vertical groove group had good bond strength values but more of adhesive failure was noted. There was no statistical difference in mean bond strength values of control, round groove groups. Adhesive failures were seen in the Vertical groove and control groups. T-Shaped had good bond strengths leading only to cohesive failure.

Prevalence Of Early Childhood Caries, Malocclusion And Ameloblastoma In Children And Radiographic Findings Of Ameloblastoma In A Known Population

2025-08-28T08:44:37+00:00

Background: This study was conducted to assess the Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries and Malocclusion in Children and, Radiographic Findings of Ameloblastoma in a known population.

Material and methods: This study comprised of 100 participants aged from 2 years to 15 years. The parents of the children were informed about the study procedure. All the parents agreed to give consent and hence, all the participants were included in the study. The children underwent oral clinical examination. The prevalence of early childhood caries and malocclusion were noted and the findings were tabulated. The children suspected for ameloblastoma underwent radiographic examination. All the radiographic findings observed had been noted down. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software.

Results: In this study, there were total 100 children of which 49 belonged to the age group of 2-5 years, 26 belonged to the age group of 6-10 years and 25 belonged to the age group of 11-15 years. Early childhood caries was seen in 33 children. Malocclusion was seen in 47 children and ameloblastoma was seen in 20 children. Out of 47 children, type I, type II and type III malocclusion were seen in 16,23 and 8 children, respectively. The chief radiographic findings seen in children with ameloblastoma were multilocular radiolucency, cortical expansion towards both cheek and tongue, root resorption and ill-defined margins.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the prevalence of early childhood caries, malocclusion and ameloblastoma in children was 33%, 47% and 20%, respectfully. The chief radiographic findings seen in children with ameloblastoma were multilocular radiolucency, cortical expansion towards both cheek and tongue, root resorption and ill-defined margins.

Prevalence of Edentulism in Diabetic and Non – Diabetic Patients in Central India

2025-08-29T04:42:42+00:00

N\A

Evaluation of the Antibiofilm Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite Combined with Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Against Enterococcus faecalis - An Invitro Study

2025-08-30T07:57:05+00:00

Background: Enterococcus faecalis biofilms contribute significantly to endodontic treatment failure. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), though effective, presents cytotoxicity at higher concentrations. Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offer a promising adjunct for safer and more effective disinfection. The aim of the study is to assess and compare the antibiofilm efficacy of NaOCl alone and in combination with AgNPs synthesized using Ficus religiosa bark extract against E. faecalis biofilms.

Methods: F. religiosa extract was prepared and used for the green synthesis of AgNPs using 1 mM AgNO₃. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized and incorporated with NaOCl. A microtiter plate assay assessed antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis across serial concentrations (3% to 0.09%). Biofilm inhibition was quantified using crystal violet staining and optical density at 570 nm. Statistical significance was evaluated using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test (p < 0.05).

Results: The NaOCl + AgNP formulation demonstrated significantly higher antibiofilm activity than NaOCl alone at all tested concentrations (p < 0.05). At 0.09%, the combination achieved 42.44% inhibition compared to 9.91% with NaOCl alone, indicating enhanced efficacy even at minimal concentrations.

Conclusion: Combining NaOCl with F. religiosa-mediated AgNPs markedly improves antibiofilm performance against E. faecalis. This biogenic nanoparticle approach offers a safer, more effective strategy for root canal disinfection and could reduce reliance on higher concentrations of NaOCl.

Prevalence, Awareness, and Associated Factors of Text Neck Syndrome: An Observational Study

2025-08-30T09:15:43+00:00

Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder, with a global prevalence ranging from 16.7% to 75.1%. It can cause discomfort in the upper extremities and lead to long-term complications. Text Neck Syndrome (TNS), often associated with prolonged mobile phone use and poor posture, is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor. This study aimed to assess awareness of TNS, determine its prevalence in a random population, and explore associations between TNS and factors such as posture, neck flexion angle, and duration of phone usage. An observational study was conducted among 300 participants using both paper-based and online questionnaires (Google Forms). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0, with Chi-square tests applied to examine associations between key variables. Among the participants, 42.3% were aware of TNS. Significant associations were observed between neck pain and body posture (χ² = 23.454, p < 0.05), neck pain and duration of mobile phone usage (χ² = 13.517, p < 0.05), headache and phone usage duration (χ² = 31.110, p < 0.05), and shoulder pain and phone usage duration (χ² = 31.110, p < 0.05).Poor posture and prolonged mobile phone use are significantly associated with TNS-related symptoms, including neck pain, headache, and shoulder pain. These findings highlight the need for awareness programs and ergonomic interventions to reduce the risk of TNS. Future studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to provide more robust prevalence estimates and a deeper understanding of symptom patterns

Enhancing Phlebitis Detection In Paediatric Patients Through Routine Physician Inspections-A Prospective Observational Study

2025-08-30T09:57:38+00:00

Background: Phlebitis (inflammation of the vein) is a common complication of peripheral intravenous (IV) cannulation, particularly among the pediatric population .Its prompt recognition is essential to avoid complications such as thrombophlebitis, bloodstream infections, and increased length of stay. Although nurses routinely monitor IV sites, doctors inspecting the IV sites may improve detection of phlebitis and minimize negative outcomes associated with the complication.

Objective: To assess the impact of a routine physician inspection of the peripheral IV site on the identification of phlebitis in hospitalized children at a tertiary care hospital and to determine risk factors related to the condition.

Methods: Twenty-four month prospective observational study was conducted at R.L. Jalappa Hospital & Research Centre. A total of 237 children (aged 1 month to 12 years) requiring IV cannulation were included. Phlebitis was determined using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP) score, and nurses monitored once every 8 hours (3 times daily) and doctors inspected twice daily. The FLACC and Wong-Baker pain scores were used when appropriate.

Results:A total of 237 children were assessed, with phlebitis diagnosed in 33 samples (13.92%). The nurse detected 14 phlebitis cases (5.9%), and the doctor identified 19 phlebitis cases; however, the statistical significance showed that the number of cases the doctor identified was higher than the number of samples the nurse identified (p < 0.05). More phlebitis was observed in younger children (≤3 years).

Conclusion: Regularly performed physician inspection was superior to nursing alone in detecting phlebitis in children. Since younger children are more likely to develop phlebitis, monitoring is vital. There is a need to explore a dual surveillance model that incorporates nursing and physician assessment to prevent diagnosis from being missed. It is expected that the clinical outcome will also improve..

A Cross-Sectional Observational Study On Serum Electrolyte Abnormalities During An Episode Of Neonatal Seizure At A Tertiary Care Centre In Kolar

2025-08-30T10:03:25+00:00

Background: Neonatal seizures signal neurological dysfunction, affecting 1.5–14 per 1,000 live births. They often result from brain injury, with causes like HIE, stroke, bleeds, infections, and metabolic issues. Biochemical imbalances such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia are key contributors or consequences. This study explores the range and impact of such abnormalities in neonatal seizures. Objectives: This study aims to assess the abnormalities of electrolytes noted during an episode of neonatal seizure and determine the association between electrolyte abnormalities and occurrence of seizures in neonates.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on neonates presenting with seizures at a tertiary care centre in Kolar between May 2023 and October 2024.Relevant clinical data and laboratory data was collected. The collected data underwent statistical analysis.

Results: In this study of 62 neonates with seizures, females were slightly predominant (58.1%), with most being term (72.6%) and delivered via cesarean section (53.2%). Seizures commonly occurred within the first three days, peaking on day two (37%). Subtle seizures were most frequent (50%), followed by generalized tonic (29%) and multifocal clonic (11.3%). Electrolyte abnormalities were present in 66.1%, mainly hypocalcemia (37.9%) and hypernatremia (31%). Nearly half (46.8%) of seizures were clearly linked to electrolyte disturbances, underscoring the importance of routine biochemical screening in neonatal seizures.

Conclusion: In this study, nearly half of neonates with seizures had electrolyte imbalances, predominantly hypocalcemia and hypernatremia. No significant association was found between seizure type and specific electrolyte abnormalities. Routine serum electrolyte evaluation is recommended for all neonatal seizures. Early detection and correction may improve outcomes and reduce recurrence.

Cutaneous Manifestations of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Scoping Review

2025-09-01T05:41:32+00:00

Background: Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. While its hematological and obstetric manifestations are well established, cutaneous manifestations are frequently overlooked despite their diagnostic and prognostic significance. The skin often provides early clinical clues that may precede systemic events, emphasizing the need for greater clinical awareness.

Objective: This scoping review aims to explore, map, and synthesize existing literature on the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations associated with APS, elucidating their clinical presentations, diagnostic relevance, and implications for patient care.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, supplemented by manual screening of references. Studies were eligible if they discussed skin-related features in APS, were published in English, involved human participants, and provided primary or secondary data on dermatological findings. After duplicate removal and eligibility screening, 5 articles were selected from an initial pool of 354 studies. Reasons for exclusion included irrelevance to cutaneous features, non-availability of full texts, language barriers, or being non-peer-reviewed formats.

Results: The review identified a range of cutaneous manifestations associated with APS, including but not limited to livedo reticularis, digital gangrene, skin ulcers, purpura, and necrotic lesions. Livedo reticularis emerged as the most commonly reported skin manifestation, often presenting as a chronic, non-inflammatory vascular pattern. In several cases, cutaneous signs were the initial clinical features that led to further diagnostic investigation for APS. The dermatologic findings were noted to correlate with both thrombotic risk and systemic involvement, particularly in cases of catastrophic APS (CAPS).

Conclusion: Cutaneous manifestations play a critical role in the early detection and comprehensive management of APS. Recognizing these signs can aid clinicians in timely diagnosis, especially in patients without overt thrombotic or obstetric symptoms. Further research with standardized reporting and prospective designs is needed to strengthen clinical understanding of these manifestations and their prognostic implications.

A Comparative Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Alalekaayi Water Rinse Versus Lukewarm Water Rinse on Leucorrhea Among Reproductive Age Women Working in A Selected Institutions at Namakkal District

2025-09-01T06:03:55+00:00

Leucorrhea, commonly referred to as vaginal discharge, is a physiological phenomenon in women of reproductive age. It usually consists of whitish or yellowish discharge from the vagina, resulting from increased secretions by the vaginal and endocervical glands. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of the selected symptoms of leucorrhoea among reproductive age women in experimental group I and experimental group II, To evaluate the effectiveness of Alalekaayi water wash and Lukewarm water wash by comparing pre-test and post-test score on leucorrhoea among women in experimental group I and experimental group II and To compare the effectiveness of Alalekaayi water wash and Lukewarm water wash on leucorrhoea among women in experimental group I and experimental group II in a selected institutions at Namakkal district. A qualitative approach with quasi experimental design was adopted for the present study. The samples selected for the study were 40 by using non probability purposive sampling technique in which 30 were selected for Experimental group I and 30 for Experimental group II. Data was collected by using structured interview questionnaire to assess the symptoms of leucorrhoea. The significant finding was assessed by using test retest method. Correlation coefficient value of reliability is 0.98. The results shows that, Experimental group I pre test mean value is 5.47 and post test mean value is 1.56, and Experimental group II pre test mean value is 5.63 and post test value is 4.28. There was more effectiveness in Color of vaginal discharge, Consistency of Vaginal discharge, Odour, Vaginal itching, Vaginal Burning Sensation, Quantity and Lower back pain by using Alalekaayi water wash (experimental group I) t=17.39 p<0.00001***DF=29 which is Highly Significant, in Lukewarm water wash (experimental group II) t= 2.89 p<0.00001***DF=29 which is Significant. By these interventions, we can provide the relevant information to the subjects and clearing up the misconceptions and they can understand locally available Alalekaayi water wash on leucorrhoea is the best possible treatment option among reproductive age women.

Evaluation of Protective Effect of Aegle Marmelos Fruit (BAEL) On Diclofenac Sodium Induce Gastrointestinal Toxicity

2025-09-02T07:25:12+00:00

Aegle marmelos, a native plant of India, is a significant medicinal plant with ethnomedicinal applications in traditional and folk systems. It is grown as a temple garden plant and its leaves are used to pray Lord Shiva. The plant is considered sacred by Hindus and its fruits are used in traditional medicine and as food. A study aimed to assess the protective effect of Aegle marmelos fruit on gastrointestinal toxicity in mice. The study investigated the phytochemical constituents and medicinal value of Aegle marmelos fruit extracts, conducting GC-MS chromatography and analyzing antioxidant, TPC, TFC, toxicity, and anti-gastrointestinal toxicity properties of these fruit extracts. Results showed that AEAM and MEAM were safe up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight without causing drug-related toxicity, mortality, abnormal clinical signs, remarkable body weight, or gross pathological changes. AEAM and MEAM significantly influenced the volume of gastric juice, pH, and free acidity of gastric juice. The administration of Omeprazole and AEAM and MEAM significantly influenced oxidative stress parameters in mice. The study also revealed that diclofenac administration caused significant alterations in the EC group compared to normal rats. Pretreatment with AEAM and MEAM attenuated the damage due to diclofenac administration, with lesser degree of tissue necrosis and hemorrhage. In conclusion, AEAM and MEAM of Aegle marmelos fruits proved to be a Gastroprotective agent against Diclofenac-induced GIT toxicity.

Green Synthesis, Characterization And Antimicrobial Evaluation Of Schiff Base Derivatives Derived From Aromatic Aldehydes And Amines

2025-09-02T09:53:26+00:00

The present study reports the green synthesis of Schiff base derivatives obtained by condensing aromatic aldehydes with primary aromatic amines using eco-friendly reaction conditions. Schiff bases are widely recognized for their structural versatility and biological significance, particularly in antimicrobial therapy. In this work, green synthetic approaches such as solvent-free grinding and aqueous ethanol reflux were employed to avoid hazardous solvents and reduce environmental impact. The synthesized derivatives were characterized by physicochemical parameters, UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, and NMR techniques to confirm the imine (-C=N-) linkage formation. The compounds were further evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains as well as fungal species (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger) using the agar well diffusion method. Several Schiff base derivatives demonstrated significant antimicrobial potential, suggesting their possible use as lead molecules for developing new antimicrobial agents.

Anatomical Variations Of The Brachial Plexus And Their Relevance In Regional Anaesthesia

2025-09-02T10:53:01+00:00

Background: There is a large amount of anatomic variability in the development, division and position relative to nearby structures in the brachial plexus. Such differences may be applied to the success, initiation, and effectiveness of regional anesthetic procedures. Identification has been bettered with ultrasound but unanticipated designs still are an issue, especially with interscalene, supraclavicular and axillary blocks in anesthetic and pain management applications.

Objectives: To evaluate the rate of brachial plexus anatomical variants in surgical patients who underwent upper limb regional blocks and evaluate whether such variations affect the success rate of the procedure, the time it takes to conduct the procedure, and the occurrence rate of complications.

Study design: A prospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Jan 2024 to Jan 2025 in Department of Anatomy, Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

Methods: An observational study was used to the patients who went to have their upper limb surgery under brachial plexus block using ultrasound. I was able to scan the plexus in its origin-level down to cord, and I noted differences in origin, branching and blood relation. Demographic, block performance time and success rate were recorded. Analysis was done generally by the use of statistical analysis, Student t test and chi square, where p< 0.05 was taken to be significant. The informed consent and ethical approval preceded the participation.

Results: The sample was 130 patients (70 men and 50 women). The average age was 44.2 years and SD 12.6. Altogether 34 patients (28.3%) had anatomical variations. There were 8.3, 5.8 and 9.2 percent of prefixed plexus, postfixed plexus and variant musculocutaneous-median nerve communications. Changes in relationship to the subclavian artery were seen in 5%. The average block performance time took longer in variation cases (8.1 2.3 min) than normal anatomy (6.4 1.9 min) p = 0.002. The success rate of the overall block was 96.7%, 3 failures in the variation group needing additional use of distal nerve block. There was no significant neuro problems observed in follow- up.

Conclusion: Brachial plexus anatomical variations are quite prevalent and may considerably affect the efficiency of the procedure when regional anaesthesia is provided. Ultrasound enables preparation and deployment to lessen incomplete clogging and difficulties. Familiarity with the typical deviations, attentive monitoring, and having prior preparation to further injections is necessary to maximize performance. A routine ultrasound examination of the upper limb prior to using block may play an important option of anatomical variation screening, thus achieving a positive result in regional anaesthesia.

Correlation Of Vitamin D Levels With Inflammatory Cytokines In Autoimmune Disorders

2025-09-02T11:02:55+00:00

Background: Vitamin D is a very important immunomodulator and it is also considered to play an important role in control of immune responses. Its low levels in autoimmune diseases are associated with increased inflammation, which is usually further augmented by the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. The link between vitamin D and the levels of inflammatory cytokines may reveal the way the disease advances and what means may be used to treat the patient.

Objectives: Aim of Study to determine the correlation of vitamin D and inflammatory cytokines in autoimmune patients.

Study design: A cross-sectional study.

Place and duration of study: Department of Physiology, Central Park Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan from March 2024 to October 2024.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out among the patients with autoimmune disorders. The levels of serum vitamin D .and the concentration of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10) were determined. The relationship between cytokine levels and vitamin D insufficiency was determined using statistical analysis (selection of vitamin D insufficiency and association of any correlation and t-tests).

Results: They have analyzed a total of 100 patients with a mean of 40.6 years of age (SD = 12.4). Low concentration of vitamin D was associated positively with various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-a, and IL-1-b (p < 0.01). On the contrary, the cytokine levels were lower in patients with high levels of vitamin D. The information indicated that insufficiency of vitamin D increases inflammation in autoimmune diseases.

Conclusion: Human autoimmune disorders are demonstrated to have elevated inflammatory cytokines in the condition of vitamin D deficiency. It is possible that supplementation can control inflammation and control the course of disease but more study needs to be conducted to determine effective doses in terms of clinical practice.

Views of Patients, Nursing and Technical Staff and Medical Students on Patient Care in Tertiary Level Hospitals

2025-09-02T11:42:39+00:00

Background: Patient care in tertiary level hospitals is a multifaceted process influenced by healthcare providers’ attitudes, training, and institutional resources. Understanding the perspectives of medical students, nursing students, and technical staff provides insights into strengths and gaps in patient-centered care.

Objectives: To assess and compare the views of medical students, nursing students, and technicians/nursing staff on various domains of patient care, including patient dignity, communication, time spent with patients, availability of resources, and overall satisfaction.

Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 100 medical students, 50 nursing students, and 100 technicians/nursing staff in a tertiary care hospital. Participants rated five domains of patient care using a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented using tables and visual charts (bar and pie).

Results: Nursing students reported the highest satisfaction across most domains, particularly for patient dignity (4.4) and overall satisfaction (4.3). Medical students expressed moderate satisfaction, with lower ratings for time spent with patients (3.5). Technicians and nursing staff reported relatively lower scores, particularly for communication (3.7) and resource availability (3.8). Comparative analysis revealed that perceptions varied significantly by role, with nursing students being most favorable toward patient care.

Conclusion: While overall perceptions of patient care were positive, differences emerged between groups. Nursing students demonstrated the most favorable outlook, reflecting their direct patient engagement and communication-focused training. Medical students showed moderate satisfaction, limited by clinical exposure and workload, whereas technicians and nursing staff highlighted systemic challenges. Recommendations include enhancing communication and empathy training in medical curricula, leadership training for nursing students, workload and resource management for technical staff, and hospital-wide policies promoting patient dignity and interprofessional collaboration.

Effect of Autologous Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) on Post-operative Complications and Healing Following the Extractions of Impacted Mandibular Wisdoms: An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial

2025-09-03T04:51:30+00:00

Background: The extraction of impacted mandibular third molars is a commonly performed oral surgical procedure associated with various post-operative complications, including pain, swelling, and delayed soft tissue healing.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PRF on post-operative complications and healing following the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars.

Methods: A total of 134 participants with impacted mandibular third molars were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (PRF treatment) and Group B (control, natural clot formation). Post-operative pain, swelling, and soft tissue healing were assessed on the 3rd and 7th post-operative days. Swelling was measured at two sites, and soft tissue healing was evaluated using Landry and Turnbull criteria.

Results: The mean age of participants was 27 years in Group A and 26.2 years in Group B. Pain incidence was lower in Group A (10.4%) compared to Group B (20.8%), although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Group A showed a significantly lower rate of swelling (68.5%) compared to Group B (100%) (p = 0.000). Soft tissue healing was significantly better in Group A, with 100% of patients exhibiting excellent healing compared to 80.5% in Group B (p = 0.0001).

Conclusions: The application of PRF following impacted mandibular third molar extraction significantly reduces post-operative swelling and enhances soft tissue healing. While pain reduction was not statistically significant, the overall improvement in post-operative recovery suggests that PRF may be a beneficial adjunct in oral surgery to promote faster healing and reduce complications.

Management Of Class II Malocclusion In A Post-pubertal Patient with A Modified Fixed Twin Block and Fixed Orthodontic Therapy: A Case Report

2025-09-03T09:23:08+00:00

Functional appliances have long been employed in the management of skeletal Class II malocclusions, with their primary objective being to stimulate mandibular growth by enhancing growth activity at the condylar cartilage. Among the myofunctional appliances, the Twin Block appliance is one of the most widely used due to its effectiveness and patient compliance. The aim of this paper is to present a case report of mandibular deficiency treatment with modified Fixed Twin Block appliance in a female patient whose sexual maturation (one year after menarche) and cervical vertebral maturation stage assessment indicated the end of peak pubertal growth .

Diagnosis revealed an Angle’s Class II malocclusion with an orthognathic maxilla, retrognathic mandible, horizontal growth pattern, recessive chin, and a convex facial profile. Phase I treatment was carried out using a modified fixed twin block appliance, which improved mandibular growth, facial balance. This was followed by a support phase with a Rick-A-nator and subsequently Phase II fixed mechanotherapy using 0.022 in MBT prescription. Post- treatment, the patient exhibited improved skeletal relationship and a harmonious soft tissue profile and Class I relationship with normal overjet and overbite was achieved.

Cytomorphological Spectrum of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: A Comparative Study Between Pediatric and Adult Populations

2025-09-04T04:56:30+00:00

Background: The most prevalent kind of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL), which differs from pediatric to adult patients in both cytomorphology and clinical manifestations. Although fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is essential for early diagnosis, there is currently a dearth of age-group comparison data.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the cytomorphological patterns tubercular lymph node lesions in the paediatric population with that of the adult population

Materials and methods: This was a comparative study, 50 pediatric and 150 adult patients diagnosed with tubercular lymphadenitis were enrolled and analysed in this study. Cytology smears were retrieved, reviewed and analysed. Cytological diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenopathy was determine and compared between pediatric and adult population.

Results: The lesions were most common (40% in 6-10 years in paediatric age and (40%) in 30-35 years in adult age group. Males were predominant in both paediatric (58%) and adult (56%) group. The cervical group of lymph nodes was the most frequently affected in both age groups. AFB positivity was more in pediatric TB lymphadenitis (75%) as compared to adult Tb lymphadenitis (54%). Reactive lymphadenitis was the commonest pattern followed by chronic lymphoproliferative lesions and mycobacterial lymphadenitis in both the groups. Cytomorphological pattern of tubercular lymphadenitis between pediatric and adult patients were differ significantly (p<0.05)

Conclusion: Cytological evaluation of lymph node lesions has a high diagnostic efficacy for the diagnosis of neoplastic lesions. The findings contribute to refining diagnostic approaches and improving the overall management of this extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis.

“Transcranial Doppler Evaluation Of Cerebral Hemodynamic Alteration In Preterm Neonates With Early Onset Sepsis - A One Year Hospital Based Observational Study At Kle Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital”

2025-09-04T06:25:05+00:00

Background: Early neonatal sepsis occurs within 3 days of birth, with 85% showing signs within 24 hours. It's linked to maternal bacteria transmission, primarily cervicovaginal. This study assesses transcranial Doppler ultrasound for measuring cerebral blood flow as a diagnostic marker for early-onset neonatal sepsis in preterm infants with risk factors.

Aim: To assess cerebral blood flow changes using transcranial Doppler ultrasound in preterm neonates with early onset sepsis.

Methods: This Observational study conducted at ‘KLE's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital & MRC, Belagavi’, from January 1 to December 31, 2021 included 60 preterm neonates (<37 weeks gestation) - 30 with EONS and 30 controls. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to measure ‘resistivity index’ and ‘pulsatility index’ in the ‘middle cerebral artery’ and ‘anterior cerebral artery’ within 72 hours of birth.

Results: Neonates with EONS had significantly lower mean RI and PI values in both MCA and ACA compared to controls (p<0.001). Median MCA-PI was 0.76 in EONS group vs 1.43 in controls. Median MCA-RI was 0.33 in EONS group vs 0.74 in controls. Similar reductions were seen in ACA indices. Vaginal delivery, prolonged rupture of membranes, and meconium-stained liquor were common risk factors in the EONS group.

Conclusion: Preterm neonates with EONS demonstrate increased CBF as evidenced by lower RI and PI values on transcranial Doppler. Risk factors include vaginal delivery, PMRM, meconium-stained liquor, and prolonged labor. This non-invasive technique may be useful for early detection of EONS in preterm infants.

Comparative Evaluation of Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device and Fixed Twin Block Appliance in the Treatment of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion

2025-09-10T07:57:22+00:00

Introduction:Class II Division 1 malocclusion, commonly caused by a retrognathic mandible, is one of the most frequently encountered orthodontic problems. While traditional removable functional appliances like the Twin Block have shown success in modifying growth, they require high patient compliance. Fixed functional appliances such as the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) offer a solution by providing continuous, compliance-free force. This study compares the clinical efficacy of these two appliances in growing patients.

Aim:To evaluate and compare the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes induced by Forsus FRD and Fixed Twin Block appliances in the treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion in growing individuals.

Materials and Methods:A prospective comparative study was conducted on 30 growing patients aged 12–14 years with skeletal Class II Division 1 malocclusion. The patients were divided into two groups: one treated with Forsus FRD and the other with Fixed Twin Block. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were analyzed using composite cephalometric analysis, and skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were compared. The Pancherz method was used for superimposition. Statistical analyses were performed using paired and unpaired t-tests.

Results:Both appliances were effective in correcting Class II malocclusion. The Twin Block group showed greater skeletal changes, including a more significant increase in mandibular length and vertical control. Forsus FRD produced faster results and more pronounced dentoalveolar changes, including upper molar distalization and lower incisor proclination. Both groups exhibited soft tissue improvements, with slightly more favorable outcomes in the Twin Block group.

Conclusion:Both the Forsus FRD and Fixed Twin Block appliances are clinically effective for treating Class II Division 1 malocclusion. The choice of appliance should be based on individual patient needs, including compliance and treatment duration. While Twin Block is better suited for skeletal correction, Forsus is advantageous in non-compliant cases due to its fixed nature and shorter treatment time.

Recent Advances in Surgical Orthodontics: A Narrative Review

2025-09-10T09:22:28+00:00

Surgical orthodontics has witnessed significant advancements over the last decade, with innovations spanning diagnostic imaging, virtual surgical planning (VSP), additive manufacturing, patient-specific implants (PSIs), navigation and augmented reality (AR), the surgery-first approach (SFA), aligner integration, airway-centered planning, and perioperative management strategies such as enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and tranexamic acid (TXA). These developments collectively improve surgical accuracy, efficiency, stability, and patient-centered outcomes. This review synthesizes the current literature on seven key advances in surgical orthodontics, highlighting their clinical applications, limitations, and future research priorities.

Development of Tamarindus indica seed Derived polysaccharide and kaolin complexed Nanosponges for Hemorrhage control

2025-09-10T10:31:46+00:00

Uncontrolled bleeding continues to pose serious challenges in emergency trauma care, requiring the advancement of swift and powerful hemostatic agents. This report study investigated the development and assessment of nanosponges synthesized from Tamarindus indica seed polysaccharide complexed with kaolin, designed to achieve heightened hemostatic efficacy. The natural polysaccharide was extracted and refined, then crosslinked and combined with kaolin particles through the emulsion solvent diffusion method to fabricate porous, biocompatible nanosponges. The addition of kaolin, a recognized clot-promoting agent, enhances platelet activation and coagulation, while the polysaccharide framework offers structural support and biodegradability. Testing characterized the prepared nanosponges using FTIR, SEM, Porosity and swelling studies which providednoteworthy result. In vitro clotting experiments demonstrated considerably reduced clotting time, signifying productive hemostatic potential. HenceTamarindus indica seed polysaccharide-kaolin nanosponges represent a promising, natural-source, cost-effective solution for hemorrhage control which will benefit in clinical setting..

Perception of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use and Its Barriers in Clinical Settings

2025-09-10T11:34:43+00:00

Background: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is essential for infection control and occupational safety in clinical environments. Despite its proven efficacy, compliance remains suboptimal due to various perceptual and systemic barriers.

Objective: To assess the perception of PPE use and identify barriers among healthcare trainees and professionals in clinical settings.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 participants: 100 MBBS students/interns, 50 nursing students, and 100 nurses/technicians. A 15-item Likert-scale questionnaire was developed to evaluate perceptions and barriers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and thematic analysis for open-ended responses.

Results: While 82% of participants acknowledged the importance of PPE, only 61% reported consistent usage. Major barriers included discomfort (68%), lack of availability (54%), and time constraints (47%). Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between student and professional groups in perceived risk and compliance behavior.

Conclusion: Although awareness of PPE is high, practical barriers hinder optimal usage. Targeted training, ergonomic improvements, and institutional support are essential to enhance compliance and reduce occupational risk.

Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography in Percutaneous Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Aneurysm with Atrial Septal Defect in Pediatrics

2025-09-10T12:31:57+00:00

Background: ASA (atrial septal aneurysm) is redundant and mobile atrial septum. It accounts for 2-3% of population.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the use of echocardiographic guidance in percutaneous closure of ASA.

Methods: It is a prospective cohort design on 60 ASD secondum children who were referred for transcatheter closure between february 2022 to february 2024 at catheterization labs of Tanta Teaching University Hospital, Tanta New Surgical Hospital and Alexandria Smouha Children University Hospital.

Results: Only 14 ASD cases were ASD with ASA and all underwent percutaneous closure successfully with different closure techniques with no risk of complications and deployment was done smoothly under three-dimensional echocardiography.

Conclusions: Three-dimensional echocardiography can help in closure of secondum ASD with ASA in children

To investigate the effect of adsorbents dose, temperature, pH on initial and final concentration of Chromium and Lead present in water

2025-09-10T15:56:11+00:00

The current research examines the influence of adsorbent dose, temperature, and pH on the removal efficiency of Chromium (VI) and Lead (II) from aqueous solutions by Lemna gibba powder (LGP) as a biosorbent. Lemna gibba, a free-floating aquatic macrophyte that belongs to the duckweed family, is known for its high growth rate, surface area, and rich functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino moieties. The biomass was obtained from a nearby freshwater pond, well washed, oven-dried, powdered, and sieved before application. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted by adjusting adsorbent dose (0.5–2.5 g/100 mL), temperature (20–45°C), and pH (2–8) to assess their impact on removal performance. The best removal efficiency for Cr(VI) was found at an adsorbent dose of 2.0 g/100 mL, pH 5.5, and 40°C temperature (92.5%), while Pb(II) reached maximum removal of 95.1% at pH 6.0 under identical conditions. FTIR and SEM studies indicated that the adsorption process included electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation with LGP's functional groups. These findings indicate that Lemna gibba is a cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly biosorbent with significant potential for use in heavy metal remediation of polluted waters.

Maternal Anemia as a Contributing Risk for Preterm Birth and Low birth weight

2025-09-10T16:33:47+00:00

Background: Maternal anemia is a common pregnancy complication, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and is strongly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the association between maternal anemia and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among 140 pregnant women admitted for delivery. Participants were categorized into anemic (n=70) and non-anemic (n=70) groups based on WHO hemoglobin cut-offs. Maternal sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Result: Preterm birth (<37 weeks) was significantly more frequent in anemic mothers than in non-anemic mothers (27.14% vs. 12.86%, p<0.01), as was low birth weight (<2500 g) (34.29% vs. 10.0%, p<0.01). Severe anemia showed the highest proportion of adverse outcomes. Low socioeconomic status and inadequate antenatal care visits (<4) were independent predictors of preterm birth, while low maternal BMI (<18.5 kg/m²) and inadequate antenatal care predicted low birth weight. Conclusion: Maternal anemia, particularly when severe, significantly increases the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Early detection, nutritional support, and improved antenatal care coverage may reduce these adverse outcomes

Apiarian Bioactives in Dentistry: A Narrative Review on Pulp Preservation and Regeneration

2025-09-10T17:21:19+00:00

Vital pulp therapy (VPT) seeks to preserve the structural and functional integrity of the dental pulp following caries or trauma. While synthetic biomaterials such as calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and newer calcium silicate cements have improved outcomes, limitations in terms of solubility, cost, handling, and long-term success have stimulated the search for natural alternatives. Among these, apiarian-derived bioactives, particularly propolis and royal jelly have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique combination of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regenerative properties.

Propolis, rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids, has demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial action, modulation of inflammatory cytokines, and the ability to induce organized dentin bridge formation in pulp capping models [1,2]. Royal jelly, characterized by major royal jelly proteins and 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), promotes fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and reparative dentinogenesis [3]. Evidence from in vitro, animal, and comparative studies suggests that their biological activity rivals or exceeds that of conventional materials in certain contexts.

This narrative review consolidates current evidence on the role of apiarian bioactives in conservative dentistry and endodontics, with emphasis on pulp preservation and regeneration. Their potential for indigenous development, affordability, and sustainability further enhance their translational value. Future perspectives include nano-enhanced formulations, hybrid biomaterials, and rigorous clinical trials to validate their integration into mainstream vital pulp therapy.

Synthetic Biomaterials in Vital Pulp Therapy: A Narrative Review of Conventional and Emerging Approaches

2025-09-10T17:52:48+00:00

Preservation of pulp vitality is a cornerstone of conservative dentistry and endodontics. The success of vital pulp therapy (VPT) depends heavily on the biomaterials employed, which must provide antimicrobial protection, biocompatibility, sealing ability, and stimulation of reparative dentinogenesis. Calcium hydroxide was historically regarded as the gold standard, but its high solubility, poor sealing, and porous dentin bridge formation limit its long-term success. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) revolutionized VPT by offering superior sealing and bioactivity, though its high cost, difficult handling, and risk of tooth discoloration restrict widespread use. Newer calcium silicate-based materials such as Biodentine and TheraCal LC were developed to overcome these drawbacks, combining improved handling with bioactive potential. In parallel, emerging synthetic biomaterials such as bioactive glasses, enamel matrix derivatives, and dentin matrix hydrogels have demonstrated the ability to stimulate true pulp regeneration through biomimetic mechanisms.

This narrative review consolidates current evidence on conventional and emerging synthetic biomaterials in VPT. Comparative insights highlight their strengths, limitations, and translational challenges. While synthetic agents have advanced clinical outcomes, further innovation and validation are required to achieve predictable pulp preservation and regeneration

In-Silico Study of Bone Cancer Activity of N-Benzylideneaniline

2025-09-11T04:33:54+00:00

This study aims to describe the bone cancer activity of N-Benzylideneaniline , In this compound was predicted potential drug in medicinal field confirmed by swiss ADME software. Further, analaysed the bone cancer activity of N-Benzylideneaniline by Autodocking study and find out the binding energy compound. in this study was confirmed is very potential bone cancer drug. So, In future, N-Benzylideneaniline may be very effective bone cancer drug in the soceity and medicinal field.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Young Female Without Risk Factors: An Uncommon Clinical Presentation

2025-09-11T06:01:20+00:00

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent type of oral cancer, constituting nearly 90% of all oral malignancies. It typically affects individuals above the age of 30 and is strongly associated with risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, areca nut, and chronic sun exposure. However, its presentation in younger individuals, particularly females without deleterious habits, remains rare and often overlooked in early stages.

Case Report: We report a rare case of OSCC in a 24-year-old female with no history of tobacco, alcohol use, or systemic illness. The patient presented with a progressively enlarging, erythematous, exophytic growth in the left mandibular posterior region, following a history of grossly decayed tooth (tooth - 37) seven months prior. Clinical examination revealed a lobulated lesion measuring approximately 2.5 × 3.0 cm, with associated left submandibular lymphadenopathy. CBCT imaging revealed an ill-defined radiolucency with cortical plate destruction and close approximation to the inferior alveolar canal. A provisional diagnosis of OSCC was made, and biopsy was advised. OSCC is confirmed by the histopathological examination.

Conclusion: This rare case highlights that OSCC may arise in young individuals without traditional risk factors, underscoring the importance of clinical vigilance. Any persistent or unexplained oral lesion should be promptly investigated through thorough examination and biopsy. Early recognition and intervention are crucial to achieving better prognosis and functional outcomes.

Development of Tamarindus indica seed Derived polysaccharide and kaolin complexed Nanosponges for Hemorrhage control

2025-09-11T11:50:39+00:00

A Survey on Block Chain Based Big Data Storage Security using Encryption Method

2025-09-11T17:11:25+00:00

Blockchain-based security practices for bigdataentail block chain technology to store and manage massive amounts of data. It protects data integrity, accessibility and confidentiality by employing cryptographic techniques and decentralized networks. This survey explores the integration of blockchain technology with encryption methods to enhance the security of big data storage systems. As the volume and complexity of data grow, traditional security measures often fall short in addressing the unique challenges posed by big data environments. Blockchain offers a decentralized and immutable framework, ensuring data integrity and transparency. The paper categorizes prevalent encryption techniques, including symmetric and asymmetric encryption, homomorphic encryption, attribute-based encryption, and searchable encryption, evaluating their effectiveness in ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility. Furthermore, the survey examines the integration of these encryption methods within cloud infrastructures, highlighting the importance of key management, access control, and compliance with data protection regulations. By synthesizing current research and practical implementations, this study aims to provide insights into the strengths and limitations of various encryption strategies, offering guidance for organizations seeking to enhance the security of their big data storage solutions

Perceptions Of Mbbs Students Regarding The Effectiveness Of Small Group Discussions Versus Large Group Lectures In Human Gross Anatomy: A Cross-Sectional Study At Gomal Medical College, D.I. Khan”

2025-09-12T11:31:27+00:00

Background : The purpose of the study aims to assess and compare the perceptions of MBBS students regarding the effectiveness of small group discussions versus traditional large group lectures in the subject of Human Gross Anatomy. The findings are intended to provide valuable insights into the suitability and impact of these teaching methodologies in our specific educational setting.

Study Design: A Cross sectional study.

Setting And Durtion : Department of Anatomy department Gomal Medical College MTI DIK in Jan- July 2025.

Materials & methods: Census based cross sectional study conducted on students of 1^st year & 2^nd year MBBS students in anatomy department Gomal Medical College MTI DIK in July 2025. Students were properly exposed to both formats of teaching i.e SGD & LGF. Study design was census based cross sectional study. Data was collected from the students by the questionnaire (Likert scale based).

Results: data was analysed by using SPSS version 23 and was expressed in frequencies & percentages. Students clearly favor small group discussions over traditional lectures and self-directed learning, particularly appreciating the integration of interactive tools such as the Anatomage table and plastinated models.

Common Bacterial Infections in Post-Surgical Patients: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2025-09-13T05:48:57+00:00

Background: Post-surgical bacterial infections represent a major healthcare challenge in tertiary hospitals, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. These infections lead to extended hospital stays, increased treatment costs, and higher rates of antimicrobial resistance. There remains a critical need for local data on infection patterns to guide clinical practice and policy decisions. Objective: To investigate the prevalence, causative organisms, and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial infections in post-surgical patients. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2022 to December 2024. Using purposive sampling, 385 post-surgical patients showing clinical signs of infection were included. Samples, including wound swabs, blood, and urine, were collected for microbiological culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The study of 385 post-surgical patients revealed that Gram-negative pathogens (68.3%) predominated, with Escherichia coli (32.5%) being most prevalent. High resistance was observed to cephalosporins (65.4%) and fluoroquinolones (58.7%), while carbapenems remained effective (85.8% susceptibility). Significant risk factors included diabetes (OR = 2.45, p = 0.003) and emergency surgery (OR = 1.89, p = 0.012). Superficial incisional infections (45.2%) were most common, with 72.4% cases emerging within 10 postoperative days. Conclusion: This study highlights a critical burden of multidrug-resistant post-surgical infections in Bangladesh, driven by identifiable risk factors and resistance patterns. Immediate interventions focusing on infection prevention, antimicrobial stewardship, and patient risk stratification are urgently needed to improve surgical outcomes

Comparative evaluation of Color stability of indigenously developed bioceramic Ceremagnum plus with MTA in distilled water and hypochlorite solution

2025-09-13T06:18:15+00:00

Background: Tooth discoloration caused by endodontic repair materials is a major clinical concern, particularly in esthetically sensitive regions. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), although widely used for its biocompatibility and sealing properties, is associated with significant discoloration, especially in the presence of sodium hypochlorite. Ceremagnum Plus, an indigenously developed calcium silicate–based bioceramic, has been proposed as an alternative with improved optical stability.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the short-term color stability of MTA Angelus and Ceremagnum Plus after immersion in distilled water and sodium hypochlorite.

Materials and Methods:

Standardized cylindrical specimens of MTA Angelus and Ceremagnum Plus were prepared and cured under controlled conditions. Samples were immersed in distilled water and sodium hypochlorite for 24 hours. Color changes (ΔE) were assessed using a spectrophotometer based on the CIE Lab* color system. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t-test, with the level of significance set at P < 0.05.

Results: Both materials exhibited discoloration after immersion, with sodium hypochlorite producing greater changes than distilled water. MTA Angelus showed significantly higher ΔE values compared to Ceremagnum Plus in both media (distilled water: 3.96 ± 0.29 vs. 1.39 ± 0.70; sodium hypochlorite: 6.08 vs. 3.01). Ceremagnum Plus consistently demonstrated lower mean color changes, remaining below the clinically acceptable threshold in distilled water and near the threshold in sodium hypochlorite.

Conclusion: Ceremagnum Plus exhibited superior color stability compared to MTA Angelus in both distilled water and sodium hypochlorite. Its reduced discoloration potential suggests that it may be a more suitable material for use in esthetically critical regions, where long-term appearance is paramount.

Evaluation of the Antibiofilm Activity of Selenium nanoparticles Coated Gutta-Percha: An InVitro Study

2025-09-13T06:45:30+00:00

Aim: The aim of this study was to enhance the antibiofilm effectiveness of conventional Gutta percha(GP) by modifying its surface with selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs).

Materials And Methods: SeNPs were synthesized by a chemical reduction method and used to coat sterilized GP cones through 24-hour immersion for uniform deposition. This in vitro study evaluated and compared the antibiofilm efficacy of selenium nanoparticle-coated gutta-percha (Group 1) and uncoated gutta-percha (Group 2) against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Standardized gutta-percha segments were tested using a 96-well microtiter plate model with biofilm formation induced in BHI broth supplemented with 1% glucose. After 24-hour incubation, dislodged biofilms were serially diluted and plated on Mueller-Hinton agar for CFU quantification. Group 1 showed a significant reduction in CFU counts compared to Group 2, indicating enhanced antibiofilm activity.

Results: The antibiofilm activity of selenium nanoparticle-coated gutta-percha (C-GP) was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis using serial dilutions (10⁻¹ to 10⁻³) and CFU analysis. Representative agar plates showed that C-GP significantly reduced biofilm formation, with countable colonies (252 × 10² CFU/mL) at 10⁻³ dilution, while uncoated gutta-percha (U-GP) showed too numerous to count (TNTC) growth at all dilutions. These results demonstrate that SeNPs coating imparts enhanced antibiofilm properties to gutta-percha compared to the conventional form.

Conclusion: Selenium nanoparticle coating significantly enhanced the antibiofilm activity of gutta-percha compared to uncoated controls. This surface modification demonstrates promising potential as a novel obturation material to reduce bacterial colonization and improve the success of root canal therapy

Prevalence of Pulp Polyp, Fluorosis and Malocclusion in a Known Population

2025-09-13T09:15:56+00:00

Background: This study was conducted to assess the Prevalence of Pulp Polyp, Fluorosis and Malocclusion in a Known Population.

Material and methods: This study comprised of total 100 participants. The subjects were explained about the study procedure and they were asked to give consent. All the subjects gave consent and hence all the subjects had been included in the study. The prevalence of pulp polyp, fluorosis and malocclusion was assessed. The type of malocclusion was also assessed in the subjects who had malocclusion and the findings were tabulated. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software.

Results: In this study, there were total 100 subjects of which 36 subjects had pulp polyp, 35 subjects had fluorosis and 29 subjects had malocclusion. Out of 29 cases of malocclusion, 3 cases were of type I malocclusion, 19 cases were of type II malocclusion and 7 cases were of type III malocclusion. There were total 57 males and 43 females in this study, 19 males and 17 females had pulp polyp. 20 males and 15 females had fluorosis. 18 males and 11 females had malocclusion.

Conclusion: From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the prevalence of pulp polyp, fluorosis and malocclusion was 36%, 35% and 29%, respectively.

Advancements In CRISPR-CAS9: A New Era for Genome Editing in Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Applications

2025-09-13T10:35:59+00:00

Purpose: This study explores the advancements in CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its potential to revolutionize gene therapy and stem cell applications. It aims to assess the level of public awareness, the perceptions surrounding its effectiveness in treating genetic disorders, ethical implications, and its promise in stem cell research.

Aim: The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the role of CRISPR-Cas9 in gene therapy for genetic disorders and its application in advancing stem cell therapies. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the ethical concerns and future outlook of CRISPR-Cas9 from a diverse group of participants with varying levels of expertise and familiarity with the technology.

Approach: A mixed-methods survey was employed to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from 130 participants, including researchers, healthcare professionals, and the general public. The questionnaire consisted of sections covering demographic data, awareness of CRISPR-Cas9, its potential in gene therapy, ethical considerations, and its role in stem cell research.

Methods: The survey included Likert-scale questions to quantify participant attitudes and opinions on the effectiveness, ethical concerns, and future of CRISPR-Cas9, alongside open-ended questions for qualitative feedback. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative responses.

Results: The findings revealed strong confidence in CRISPR-Cas9's potential to treat genetic disorders, with over 70% of participants expressing optimism about its effectiveness. While a significant proportion of participants showed support for CRISPR-Cas9’s role in stem cell therapies, there were notable ethical concerns, particularly regarding its use in human gene editing and "designer babies."

Findings: The study identified key areas of public interest, including the effectiveness of CRISPR-Cas9 in genetic disease treatment, its ethical implications, and its transformative potential for regenerative medicine and stem cell applications. Despite these positive responses, concerns about the regulation and ethical governance of CRISPR-Cas9 remain critical.

Theoretical Implications: This paper provides insight into the societal perception of CRISPR-Cas9, contributing to the theoretical understanding of how advanced gene editing technologies are viewed across different sectors. The findings underline the need for comprehensive regulatory frameworks to address ethical concerns and ensure the responsible application of CRISPR-Cas9 in medical treatments.

Practical Implications: The results of this study have practical implications for the future of gene therapy and stem cell research. It highlights the necessity for greater public education on CRISPR-Cas9 and the importance of developing ethical guidelines to govern its use in human genetic modification.

Originality/Value: This paper offers a comprehensive overview of public perceptions of CRISPR-Cas9, blending both scientific and societal perspectives. It contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the ethical, scientific, and societal implications of gene editing technologies and serves as a foundation for future research and policy development in this field

Role of Biomarkers for Detection, Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy of Gynecological Cancers

2025-09-17T08:54:30+00:00

Cancer is the uncontrollable abnormal division of cell growth, caused due to the varied reasons. Cancer can be expressed in any part of the body, and it is one of the death-causing diseases. Human reproductive organs are commonly damaged by cancer. In particular, the women reproductive system is affected by various cancers including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, vaginal, fallopian tube, and vulvar cancers. Identifying these cancers at earlier stages prevents the damage to the organs. Different biomarkers and aptamers have been generated against the gynecological cancer, which include, ctDNAs, miRNAs, Antigen 125 (CA125), Folate receptor alpha (FOLR1), Transthyretin (TTR), TIM‑3, VEGF, TGF‑α, TRAIL, MCP‑3, IL‑15, PD‑L2, SCF, CTCs, Exosomes, TEPs, cfRNA, HE4, CA125, VEGF, OCCA (for ovarian cancer), EGFR, FGFR1, K-ras (for endometrial cancer), HPV E-16, HPV E-7, HPV E-6, tyrosine, and kinase (for cervical cancer), which help to identify the cancers in woman reproductive organs. This review provided an overview of current and potential biomarkers for gynecological cancer such as ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancers for early detection, diagnosis and targeted therapy.

Biosensors in Cancer Research: A New Frontier in Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment Management

2025-09-17T09:29:11+00:00

Cancer is a type of genetic-related disease that some cells become unnormal and form cancer clusters or tumours and it is one of the main causes of death for humans. While qualified treatment and adequate survivorship care in the early stages of cancer can improve survival rates and reduce side effects, most of the early cancer symptoms or signs are not obvious and specific enough to be observed and recognize. Therefore, reliable, cost-effective, and powerful technologies to detect the disease are needed. Cancer biomarkers are substances such as nucleic acids, enzymes, and metabolites, present in cancer clusters, tumours, or serum. While biosensors provide a quick, accurate, sensitive, uncomplicated, and economical method of diagnosing a particular cancer biomarker and is important to cancer detection and treatment, especially early diagnosis. Biosensors could be classified into three types: mass-based, electrochemical, or optical biosensors. With the development of science and technology and continuous research, more biosensors are designed for advanced technology, such as nanotechnology. The new and novel biosensors provide a powerful way for cancer detection. The objective of this research is to discuss the novel biosensors designed in recent years for screening, diagnosis and treatment management of cancers

Prevalence, Incidence and Mortality Rates of Cervical Cancer in India: based on Global Burden

2025-09-17T10:19:22+00:00

Background: According to the latest GLOBOCAN statistics, cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer in terms of incidence and mortality among women worldwide, following only breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. In low-income countries, cervical cancer is the second most common fatal malignant tumor . Evidently, cervical cancer causes a substantial burden on women’s public health globally. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States have substantially declined over recent decades, primarily driven by reductions in squamous cell carcinoma cases. However, the trend in recent years remains unclear.

This study was aimed to explore the trends in cervical cancer incidence, prevalence and mortality, stratified by demographic, particularly age- related incidence, death rates, rural and urban population, screening programme and tumor characteristics from 2000 to 2030 in India, in Global context.

Among the selected countries, India exhibited the lowest incidence and mortality rates for all-cause cancer among women, with rates of 100.83 and 62.61 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. However, the ASIR and ASMR of cervical cancer were the second highest in India (17.71 and 11.15 per 100,000 person-years) after South Africa (33.18 and 19.03 per 100,000 person-years). The incidence rates in India are below the global median for all cancers (157.66), breast cancer (46.21), and corpus uteri cancer (7.03), but they are above the global median for cervix uteri cancer (14.10). A similar trend was observed concerning cancer-related mortality rates among Indian women. Nearly 54% of cancer incidence and 50% of cancer mortality among women in India are attributed to these six female-specific cancers.

Conclusions: India contributed significantly to the global burden of female-specific cancers, the ASIR and ASMR for these cancers were lower than those in many other countries. It was essential to study how sociodemographic transitions influenced the patterns of female-specific cervical cancer in high, low, and middle-income countries to inform the implementation of effective cancer control strategies by health systems in India as compared to other countries.

Development and Characterization of a Nanoemulgel Containing Cannabidiol and Centella Asiatica for the Topical Treatment of Psoriasis

2025-09-17T10:40:11+00:00

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the skin, characterized by excessive keratinocyte proliferation, inflammation, and the formation of erythematous plaques. Despite the availability of numerous treatments—ranging from corticosteroids to biologics—most suffer from limited efficacy, poor patient compliance, and adverse effects. To address these limitations, a novel nanoemulgel incorporating Cannabidiol (CBD) and Centella asiatica was developed and evaluated. CBD offers potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, while Centella asiatica contributes wound healing and regenerative properties. Nanoemulgels were formulated using high-energy ultrasonication and incorporated into a gel matrix with Carbopol 940. The resulting formulation was evaluated for physicochemical properties, drug content, stability, in vitro drug release, and skin permeation. The CBD-CA nanoemulgel showed excellent uniformity, sustained release, improved skin penetration, and ideal rheological properties, indicating its potential as an effective, patient-friendly therapy for the topical treatment of psoriasis.

Development and Characterization of a Nint-Loaded Nanoparticulate Matrix Tablet for Enhanced Solubility and Sustained Release

2025-09-17T11:45:28+00:00

Nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a critical treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis but suffers from poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability of approximately 4.7% due to extensive first-pass metabolism. These limitations hinder its therapeutic efficacy and necessitate frequent dosing. To overcome these challenges, a novel nanoparticulate matrix tablet was developed. Nintedanib-loaded nanoparticles were formulated using the polymer PLGA via a solvent evaporation technique and were subsequently compressed into matrix tablets by direct compression using polymers like HPMC K4M and Microcrystalline Cellulose. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized for entrapment efficiency, morphology (SEM), and physical state (XRD). The matrix tablets underwent evaluation for pre- and post-compression parameters, I understand you'd like a downloadable Word file. However, as an AI, I cannot generate files for download

Perception and Readiness for Electronic Health Records (EHR) Among Medical & Nursing students and Paramedical Staff in Two Medical College Hospitals

2025-09-17T11:43:55+00:00

Background: Electronic Health Records (EHR) are pivotal in modernizing healthcare delivery. Understanding the perception and readiness of future healthcare professionals is essential for successful implementation.

Objective: To assess the awareness, perception, and readiness for EHR adoption among MBBS students, nursing students, and paramedical staff in two medical colleges.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a 15-item Likert scale questionnaire. Participants included 100 MBBS students, 50 nursing students, and 100 paramedical staff. Descriptive statistics, mean scores, standard deviations, and group comparisons were analyzed using SPSS.

Results: MBBS students demonstrated the highest mean readiness score (4.12 ± 0.68), followed by nursing students (3.87 ± 0.74) and paramedical staff (3.65 ± 0.81). Awareness of EHR and willingness to learn were high across all groups, while concerns about data security and lack of formal training were notable barriers.

Conclusion: While overall perception toward EHR is positive, targeted educational interventions and curriculum integration are needed to enhance readiness and address specific concerns among healthcare trainees.

Post Operative Pain and Pain Management in Children After Dental Extractions Under General Anaesthesia

2025-09-17T12:33:12+00:00

Background-The purpose of this research sought to ascertain the frequency, intensity, and length of postoperative discomfort among kids receiving general anaesthesia for dental procedures.

Methodology-Thirty-three American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) Class I and II children aged four to six who needed several dental treatments, including at least one tooth extraction, pulpectomy, and/or pulpotomy of the primary dentition, were included in this prospective cross-sectional research investigation. Children with developmental delays, cognitive impairments, premature births, psychiatric drug usage, or documented starting pain or painkiller use were excluded.

Results-According to the findings, 48.5% of patients experienced moderate-to-severe postoperative pain, which is characterised as FPS-R ≥ 6. Pain subsided over 3 days. Postoperative pain scores increased significantly from baseline (P < .001, Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test). Moderately good correlation between the 2 pain measures existed 2 and 12 hours from discharge (Spearman rho_s correlation coefficients of 0.604 and 0.603, P < .005).

Conclusion-Children do experience moderate-to-severe pain postoperatively. Although parents successfully used pain scales, they infrequently administered analgesics.

Gut Microbiota Alterations in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of a Decade of Evidence (2015–2025)

2025-06-29T03:20:06+00:00

Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often experience gastrointestinal symptoms, prompting interest in the gut–brain axis and the potential role of gut microbiota in ASD pathology. To systematically review human studies from 2015–2025 comparing gut microbiota in children with ASD to neurotypical controls.

Methods: We reviewed global observational and clinical studies involving children aged 2–18 that assessed gut microbiota using DNA-based methods, primarily 16S rRNA sequencing. Outcomes included microbial diversity (alpha and beta) and taxonomic composition.

Results: Most studies reported altered gut microbiota in ASD. Alpha-diversity was frequently lower in ASD, indicating reduced microbial richness, though not universally. In contrast, beta-diversity consistently showed distinct microbial community structures between ASD and control groups. Common compositional findings in ASD included reduced Bifidobacterium and Prevotella, and increased Clostridium, Desulfovibrio, Sutterella, and other Proteobacteria. These shifts may contribute to immune activation, GI inflammation, and neuroactive metabolite production (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide), potentially influencing ASD symptoms.

Conclusions: Evidence supports the presence of gut dysbiosis in children with ASD, marked by decreased beneficial microbes and increased potentially pro-inflammatory taxa. While findings vary by region and methodology, the microbiota appears to play a role in ASD via metabolic and immune-mediated mechanisms. The gut microbiome may serve as both a biomarker and therapeutic target in ASD, but further large-scale, standardized studies are needed

Innovative Approaches to Vector Control and Disease Prevention in Gariyaband District, Chhattisgarh

2025-06-16T05:17:08+00:00

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose a significant public health challenge in Gariyaband district, Chhattisgarh, due to its diverse ecological landscape and socio-economic conditions. This study investigates innovative approaches to vector control and disease prevention, integrating traditional methods with modern technologies tailored to the district's unique environment. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research analyzes epidemiological data, vector ecology, environmental influences, and community practices from 2020 to 2024. The study reveals a high prevalence of malaria with an Annual Parasite Incidence (API) peaking at 36.3 per 1000 in 2022 and a rising trend in dengue cases, reaching 512 cases the same year. Key vectors identified include Anopheles culicifacies (38.2% of captures) and Aedes aegypti (18.5% of captures). Environmental factors such as a 1.7°C temperature rise and 5.8% deforestation significantly influenced vector habitats. Community knowledge was high for malaria (72.5%) but lower for other VBDs, with gaps in preventive practices. Innovative strategies like biological control with larvivorous fish (78% effectiveness), ATSB (72%), GIS-based surveillance (85%), and mobile health applications (80%) showed promising results in enhancing vec tor management. The study emphasizes the importance of community participation, policy support, and technology-driven solutions for sustainable disease control. Ultimately, a holistic, integrated vector management framework is recommended to mitigate the impact of VBDs and improve public health outcomes in Gariyaband district.

Probiotics As An Adjunct To Mechanical Debridement On Non-Surgical Management Of Gingivitis And Periodontal Diseases – A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

2025-06-18T17:50:00+00:00

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Analysis of Emotional Speech using Excitation Source Information: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches

2025-07-19T03:31:31+00:00

This study looks at how well By contrasting traditional machine learning (ML) approaches with deep learning (DL) techniques, excitation source information is used in the interpretation of emotional speech. The study extracts spectral and prosodic features from speech data, concentrating on excitation source characteristics as pitch contour, jitter, shimmer, and harmonic-to-noise ratio. We evaluate a number of DL designs, including Convolutional Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory networks, and hybrid models, as well as ML methods, including Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting.—using standardized emotional voice datasets. With the hybrid CNN-LSTM model attaining the maximum accuracy of 92.7% in emotion classification tasks, experimental findings show that DL techniques outperform conventional ML approaches. Particularly for differentiating between comparable emotional states, the combination of excitation source characteristics greatly enhances classification performance. By developing a thorough framework for emotional speech analysis and offering a methodical comparison of modern categorization methods, this study adds to the area.

Review On Improving Patient Compliance With Extended Release Matrix Tablets

2025-07-25T10:50:08+00:00

The study explores the necessity, advantages, and techniques of extended-release matrix tablets for continuous drug delivery at predictable rates and reproducible kinetics. It discusses different formulation methods, including wet granulation, direct compression, or solid particle dispersion within a porous matrix made of polymers like HPMC, guar gum, xanthan gum, pectin, and chitosan. The matrix controls drug release rate, with release retardants like HPMC aiding in extended release. Various matrices, such as hydrophilic, hydrophobic, mineral, or biodegradable types, can be used. Some drugs formulated as extended-release matrix tablets include Ambroxol HCl, Clarithromycin, and Indomethacin. These tablets can improve patient compliance by reducing total dose and dosage regimen, which can help treat chronic diseases. The review highlights the types of matrices, mechanisms involved, and evaluation studies.

Facial and Profile Changes After Orthodontic Retraction of Anterior Teeth in First Bicuspid Extraction Cases

2025-09-10T11:21:30+00:00

Facial esthetics play a crucial role in orthodontics, where patients often evaluate treatment success by visible changes in their soft tissue profile. Bimaxillary protrusion, common in South Asian populations, is typically managed through extraction of four first premolars followed by anterior retraction. This retrospective observational study evaluated skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes in 40 Class I Indian patients (mean age: 18.7 ± 2.3 years) treated with MBT fixed appliances after first premolar extractions. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were analyzed for skeletal (SNA, SNB, ANB), dental (1-NA, 1-NB, IMPA, 1-SN), and soft tissue parameters (lip position to TVL, nasolabial and labiomental angles, interlabial gap, soft tissue thickness). Results revealed significant upper and lower incisor retraction (p < 0.001), accompanied by notable soft tissue improvements: upper and lower lips retruded by ~3.3 mm, nasolabial angle increased by ~14°, labiomental angle improved by ~7°, and chin projection enhanced. Strong correlations were found between incisor retraction and lip response (r = 0.78–0.81), highlighting the predictability of soft tissue changes with dental movements. The findings confirm that extraction-based therapy in Class I bimaxillary protrusion yields favorable and esthetically balanced soft tissue outcomes. This study underscores the importance of incorporating soft tissue considerations into orthodontic treatment planning, particularly for Indian populations with distinct esthetic norms.

Incidental Eosinophilic Cholecystitis in a Young Female with Gallstones: A Case-Report and Literature Review

2025-06-14T19:20:58+00:00

Background: Eosinophilic cholecystitis (EC) is a rare inflammatory condition of the gallbladder characterized by dense eosinophilic infiltration, with an incidence ranging from 0.25% to 6.4% of all cholecystitis cases. Its pathogenesis remains poorly understood, potentially involving allergic, autoimmune, or idiopathic mechanisms, with gallstones present in a minority of cases.

Case Presentation: This case report describes a 25-year-old female presenting with postprandial right upper quadrant pain and gallstones, diagnosed with EC following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Histo-pathological examination revealed over 90% eosinophilic infiltration and a strawberry-like mucosal appearance, with no systemic eosinophilic disorders identified.

Discussion: A comprehensive literature review of 20 studies (1979–2024) synthesizes EC’s clinical and pathological spectrum, highlighting its association with systemic conditions such as hyper-eosinophilic syndrome, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, parasitic infections, and drug-induced reactions. Approximately 30% of cases involved gallstones, suggesting a multifactorial etiology. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was the primary treatment, with systemic therapies like corticosteroids or antiparasitic agents used for underlying conditions. This case and review underscore EC’s diagnostic challenges, emphasizing the need for histo-pathological confirmation and multidisciplinary management to address its heterogeneous presentations. Further research is essential to elucidate EC’s mechanistic pathways and optimize therapeutic approaches.