Urinary Bladder Cancer with Dye Exposure in Textile Industry Workers in Pali District, Rajasthan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.1914Keywords:
Pali, Bladder Cancer, Textile Dye, Textile Industry worker, occupationally exposed, HepatotoxicityAbstract
Introduction: Urothelial carcinoma is the most common invasive cancer of the urinary tract. Development of bladder cancer is a long-term sequel of occupational exposure of aromatic amines (2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl and benzidine) and 4,4'-methylenebis (2-chloroaniline), which can be found in the products of the chemical, dye. Dyeing industry worker are occupationally exposed to various toxic chemical and dye which causes hazardous effects on vital organs like Bladder, lung, liver and kidney. There is scarce data which explains the long-term exposure effects of dye and chemicals on these organs.
Objectives: We wanted to study the diagnostic efficacy of non – invasive Biomarker Bladder Tumor Antigen in assessing renal function derangement of occupationally exposed Dye industry workers and also to evaluate the Hepatic and Renal functional health of Textile Industry workers in Pali District of Rajasthan, India.
Methods: For the current study we recruited 100 occupationally exposed (cases) and 100 non exposed subjects (controls) of either sex. The study was approved by institutional ethics committee Pacific Medical University, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Urine and blood specimen was obtained from both groups. Serum specimen was utilized for Renal, Liver function tests and Serum GGT analysis and Urine specimen was utilized for Urine Bladder tumor antigen, Cytology, hematuria and urinary Protein Creatinine Ratio analysis. The statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 23.
Results: Serum bilirubin (OR 2109120.18, P value 0.007*), SGOT (OR 5179.44, P value 0.009*), SGPT (OR 8.450, P value 0.009*), alkaline phosphatase (OR 3.009, P value 0.009*), Blood Urea (OR 920.285 P value 0.00991*), Creatinine (OR37.258 P value 0.0030*), Urine Protein (OR 1.487 P value 0.00995*), Urine Creatinine (OR 8.326 P value 0.0020*), Urine Protein. Creatinine Ratio (OR 14.982 P value 0.0023*) and Urine Bladder Tumor Antigen (OR 42.695 P value 0.00430*) levels and were found to be significantly increased in Moderate exposure (10-20 years’ group) and Severe/Long-Term exposure (20-30 years’ group) as compared to Mild exposure (<10years group) and Healthy Controls with no history of occupational exposure.
Conclusions: Severe/Long-Term exposure (20-30 years’ group) of toxic dyes and chemicals had caused increased Bladder Tumor Antigen levels severe Hepatic and Renal functional health derangement in Textile Industry workers of Pali District.in Rajasthan, India. These results suggest that the risk factor for development of bladder cancer is occupational exposure to aromatic amines (2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl and benzidine) and 4,4'-methylenebis (2-chloroaniline), which can be found in the products of the chemical, dye. Thus, early screening will result in best prognosis along with improved industrial hygiene. We also strengthen the evidence to support new guidelines for an early screening of urinary tract cancer by urine cytology screening, starting with initial exposure, reassessed during years of working life
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