Assessing Exercise Scale Adherence in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review of Available Scales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2186Keywords:
Exercise adherence Musculoskeletal rehabilitation, Adherence measurement tools, Rehabilitation outcomesAbstract
Background: Exercise adherence is critical in musculoskeletal (MSK) rehabilitation to ensure effective recovery and functional improvement. Despite its significance, there is no standardized tool to measure adherence comprehensively across diverse MSK conditions.
Objective: To systematically identify, evaluate, and summaries available tools for measuring exercise adherence in MSK rehabilitation and assess their strength, limitations, and potential applications.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted using databases like PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies published between 2000 and 2024. Studies were evaluated based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on tools specific to MSK rehabilitation.
Results: The review identified tools such as the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS) and the Adherence To Exercise for Musculoskeletal Pain Tool (ATEMPT). EARS emerged as highly effective, offering comprehensive adherence assessment with strong psychometric reliability.
Conclusion: Existing tools like EARS and ATEMPT provide valuable insights but require further refinement to enhance applicability across diverse populations and clinical contexts.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Sluijs, E. M., Kok, G. J., & van der Zee, J. (1993). Correlates of exercise compliance in physical therapy. Physical Therapy, 73(11), 771–782.
Bassett, S. F. (2003). The assessment of patient adherence to physiotherapy rehabilitation. New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy, 31(2), 60-66.
Brewer, B. W., Cornelius, A. E., Van Raalte, J. L., & Petitpas, A. J. (2003). Adherence to sport injury rehabilitation programs: An integrated psycho-social approach. Physical Therapy in Sport, 4(2), 84-96.
Holden, M. A., Haywood, K. L., Potia, T. A., Gee, M., & McLean, S. (2014). Recommendations for exercise adherence measures in musculoskeletal settings: A systematic review. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 46(8), 676-686.
Rhodes, R. E., & de Bruijn, G. J. (2017). How big is the physical activity intention-behaviour gap? A meta-analysis. Patient Education and Counseling, 100(7), 1134-1142. Link
Hall, A. M., et al. (2012). Promoting physical activity adherence in musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(6), 451-457.
Essey, R., Geraghty, A. W., Kirby, S., & Yardley, L. (2017). Predictors of adherence to home-based physical therapies: A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 39(6), 519–534. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2016.1153160
Jack, K., McLean, S. M., Moffett, J. K., & Gardiner, E. (2010). Barriers to treatment adherence in physiotherapy outpatient clinics: A systematic review. Manual Therapy, 15(3), 220–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2009.12.004
Kolt, G. S., & McEvoy, J. F. (2003). Adherence to rehabilitation in patients with low back pain. Manual Therapy, 8(2), 110–116.
Argent, R., Daly, A., & Caulfield, B. (2018). Patient involvement with Home-Based Exercise Programs: Can connected health interventions influence adherence? JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth, 6(3), e47. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.8518
Newman-Beinart NA, Norton S, Dowling D, Gavriloff D, Vari C, Weinman JA, et al. The development and initial psychometric evaluation of a measure assessing adherence to prescribed exercise: the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS). Physiotherapy. 2017 Jun;103(2):180–5.
Takasaki H, Kawazoe S, Miki T, Chiba H, Godfrey E. Development and validity assessment of a Japanese version of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale in participants with musculoskeletal disorders. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2021 Jun 24;19(1).
Zhang ZY, Tian L, He K, Xu L, Wang XQ, Huang L, et al. Digital rehabilitation programs improve therapeutic exercise adherence for patients with musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2022 Aug 12;52(11):1–36.
McLean S, Holden MA, Potia T, Gee M, Mallett R, Bhanbhro S, et al. Quality and acceptability of measures of exercise adherence in musculoskeletal settings: a systematic review. Rheumatology. 2016 Dec 24;kew422.
Bailey DL, Holden MA, Foster NE, Quicke JG, Haywood KL, Bishop A. Defining adherence to therapeutic exercise for musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. British J o u r n a l o f S p o r t s M e d I c i n e . 2 0 1 8 J u n 6;bjsports-2017-098742.
Bailey, D. L., Bishop, A., McCray, G., Foster, N. E., & Holden, M. A. (2024). A new measure of exercise adherence: the ATEMPT (Adherence To Exercise for Musculoskeletal Pain Tool). British Journal of Sports Medicine, 58(2), 73-80.
Arensman RM, Geelen RH, Koppenaal T, Veenhof C, Pisters MF. Measuring exercise adherence in patients with low back pain: development, validity, and reliability of the EXercise Adherence Scale (EXAS). Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 2020 Sep 15;1–10.
Osthoff, A R., Juhl, C B., Knittle, K., Dagfinrud, H., Hurkmans, E., Braun, J., Schoones, J W., Vlieland, T P M V., & Niedermann, K. (2018, December 1). Effects of exercise and physical activity promotion: meta-analysis informing the 2018 EULAR recommendations for physical activity in people with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and hip/knee osteoarthritis. BMJ, 4(2), e 0 0 0 7 1 3 - e 0 0 0 7 1 3 . h t t p s : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 1 1 3 6 / rmdopen-2018-000713
Picha KJ, Jochimsen KN, Heebner NR, Abt JP, Usher EL, Capilouto G, Uhl TL. Measurements of self-efficacy in musculoskeletal rehabilitation: A systematic review. Musculoskeletal Care. 2018 Dec;16(4):471-488. doi: 10.1002/msc.1362. Epub 2018 Sep 20. PMID: 30238607; PMCID: PMC7944995.
Hardage J, Peel C, Morris D, Graham C, Brown C, Foushee HR, Braswell J. Adherence to Exercise Scale for Older Patients (AESOP): a measure for predicting exercise adherence in older adults after discharge from home health physical therapy. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2007;30(2):69-78. doi: 10.1519/00139143-200708000-00006. PMID: 18171490.
Sackett D, Richardson W, Rosenberg W, Haynes R. Evidence-Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1997. 63. Sasai K, Saito T, Akagi S, Kato I, Ogawa R. Cervical curvature after laminoplasty for spondylotic myelopathy--involvement of yellow ligament, semispinalis cervicis muscle, and nuchal ligament. J Spinal Disord. 2000;13:26-30.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
