Formulation Characterization and Optimization of Photosensitive Liposomes for Targeted Drug Delivery Using UV Light Activation

Abstract

This study explores the formulation, characterization, and optimization of photosensitive liposomes for targeted drug delivery activated by UV light. Liposomes, self-forming spherical vesicles made of phospholipids, are effective carriers for drugs, offering the advantage of localized delivery and reduced systemic distribution. The research focuses on incorporating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), specifically Ketoprofen (KP), into liposomes using the reverse phase evaporation (REV) method, achieving high encapsulation efficiency. Optimization studies revealed that increasing cholesterol content in the liposome formulation resulted in larger vesicle sizes but decreased drug entrapment efficiency. Morphological analysis confirmed the presence of both unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles. The physicochemical properties, including vesicle size and drug entrapment efficiency, were significantly influenced by the lipid-to-drug ratio and cholesterol content. A key aspect of this study was the use of UV light to trigger the release of encapsulated KP from the liposomes. UV-induced destabilization of the lipid bilayers facilitated controlled drug release, demonstrating the potential of this method for precise spatial and temporal delivery. The findings suggest that photosensitive liposomes, optimized for drug encapsulation and size, are promising vehicles for targeted drug delivery systems, offering controlled release upon UV light activation. This approach highlights the potential for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects, paving the way for future research and clinical applications.