Targeted Delivery of Drugs by Intranasal Drug Delivery for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2267Keywords:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), neuron damaging Disorder, Intranasal Drug Delivery (INDD), Brain Targeting, NanotechnologyAbstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibits chronic neuron damaging, characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, memory deterioration, and widespread neuronal destruction, ultimately leading to irreversible brain damage. Current treatments for neurological disorders are hindered by the blood brain barrier’s (BBB) selective permeability, which severely restricts the delivery of therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). Intranasal drug delivery (INDD) has emerged as a promising, non-invasive approach to circumvent the BBB, utilizing the olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways to facilitate direct and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to brain. This review examines the role of INDD in AD therapy, emphasizing advancements in formulation techniques, including the application of nanoparticles, liposomes, and mucoadhesive polymers, which enhance drug stability, absorption, and retention.Both experimental and human trails have underscored the potential of INDD in facilitating the delivery of treatments such as insulin, neurotrophic factors, and cholinesterase inhibitors, yielding improved outcomes. While INDD offers benefits like rapid brain delivery and reduced systemic side effects, challenges such as limited dose capacity and variability in nasal anatomy persist. Emerging innovations in personalized drug delivery and targeted formulations show promise for optimizing this method in AD care.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Mullard A. FDA approves Aducanumab: controversial Alzheimer’s drug faces further tests. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2021;20(7):509–510.
Chen S, Wang J, Shang H, Chen X. Advancements in pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: the advent of disease-modifying therapies. Brain Sci. 2024;14(10):990.
Tiwari S, Atluri V, Kaushik A, et al. Alzheimer's disease: pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:5541–5554.
Wang Y, Mandelkow E. Tau in physiology and pathology. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016;17(1):5–21.
Cummings J, Lee G, Zhong K, Fonseca J, Taghva K. Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2021. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2021;7(1):e12179.
Pardridge WM. The blood-brain barrier: bottleneck in brain drug development. NeuroRx. 2005;2(1):3–14.
Abbott NJ, Patabendige AA, Dolman DE, Yusof SR, Begley DJ. Structure and function of the blood-brain barrier. Neurobiol Dis. 2010;37(1):13–25.
Rang HP, Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Henderson G. Rang and Dale's Pharmacology. 8th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2016. p. 570–582.
Patel MM, Patel BM. Crossing the blood-brain barrier: recent advances in drug delivery to the brain. CNS Drugs. 2017;31(2):109–133.
Illum L. Nasal drug delivery—possibilities, problems and solutions. J Control Release. 2003;87(1-3):187–198.
Djupesland PG. Nasal drug delivery devices: characteristics and performance in a clinical perspective—a review. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2013;3(1):42–62.
Graff CL, Pollack GM. Nasal drug administration: potential for targeted central nervous system delivery. J Pharm Sci. 2005;94(6):1187–1195.
Costantino HR, Illum L, Brandt G, Johnson PH, Quay SC. Intranasal delivery: physicochemical and therapeutic aspects. Int J Pharm. 2007;337(1-2):1–24.
Illum L. Transport of drugs from the nasal cavity to the central nervous system. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2000;11(1):1–18.
Lochhead JJ, Thorne RG. Intranasal drug delivery to the central nervous system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012;64(7):614–628.
Dhuria SV, Hanson LR, Frey WH 2nd. Intranasal delivery to the central nervous system: mechanisms and experimental considerations. J Pharm Sci. 2010;99(4):1654–1673.
Patel MM, Patel BM. Crossing the blood-brain barrier: recent advances in drug delivery to the brain. CNS Drugs. 2017;31(2):109–133.
Alhija M, Al-Rawi M, Dhanraj S. Recent advances in intranasal drug delivery systems for brain targeting. J Control Release. 2020;320:90–108.
Ruan J, Song X, Zhang X. Formulation strategies for intranasal drug delivery: An overview. J Control Release. 2018;284:187-205.
Patel P, Vyas M, Bajaj A. Advances in formulation strategies for nasal drug delivery: Challenges and solutions. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2020;17(4):451-463.
Çelik S, Öztürk N, Uysal A. Nanoparticles and bioadhesive agents in intranasal drug delivery: A review. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2021;47(3):356-365.
Barenholz Y. Liposome application: Problems and prospects. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2012;7(6):703-708.
Mura S, Nicolas J, Couvreur P. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery. Nat Mater. 2013;12(11):991-1003.
Zeng X, Xie Z, Wang W. Polymeric nanoparticles for brain drug delivery: Strategies and challenges. J Control Release. 2015;219:1-20.
Silveira A, Ferreira L, Souza M. Development of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers for intranasal drug delivery in Alzheimer’s disease treatment. J Drug Target. 2017;25(6):481-491.
Kumar S, Yadav K, Sharma V. Targeted drug delivery systems in Alzheimer's disease treatment: Role of antibody-conjugated nanoparticles and peptide-based systems. J Control Release. 2019;305:130-142.
Gao X, Yu D, Zheng X. Case studies of drug molecules and formulations used in intranasal drug delivery for Alzheimer's disease treatment. J Drug Target. 2020;28(5):431-441.
Dhingra D, Yadav P, Kumawat M. Pharmacokinetics of intranasal drug delivery in Alzheimer's disease: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(6):848.
Liu Y, Xu W, Chen Z. Intranasal drug delivery for Alzheimer's disease: Pharmacokinetics, advantages, and challenges. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:206.
Choi H, Park K, Lee S. Preclinical studies on intranasal drug delivery in Alzheimer's disease: Efficacy of insulin and neurotrophic factors. J Drug Target. 2020;28(4):347-359.
Craft S, Baker LD, Montine TJ. Intranasal insulin therapy in Alzheimer's disease: Clinical trials and future directions. J Alzheimer's Dis. 2017;56(3):627-636.
Pandey S, Gupta P, Chauhan M. Limitations and considerations for translating animal studies to human use in intranasal drug delivery for Alzheimer's disease. J Pharm Sci. 2023;112(6):1603-1610.
Smith JM, Patel AD, Harrison ML. Intranasal drug delivery in Alzheimer's disease treatment: benefits, limitations, and future perspectives. Neurotherapeutics. 2023;20(4):1155-1166.
Zhang X, Li Y, Tang L. Nanotechnology in intranasal drug delivery for Alzheimer's disease: advancements and challenges. J Control Release. 2024;338:256-268.
Williams J, Green R, Foster C. Regulatory and commercialization aspects of intranasal drug delivery systems for Alzheimer's disease: challenges and opportunities. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(8):1023-1037.
Zhang H, Chen J, Liu X. Future directions and innovations in intranasal drug delivery systems for Alzheimer's disease: advancing technologies and personalized approaches. J Drug Target. 2023;31(6):612-624.
Smith J, Patel R, Wang Y. Emerging technologies in intranasal drug delivery for Alzheimer's disease: from mucoadhesive polymers to nanoparticle-based systems. J Pharm Sci. 2023;112(2):456-468.
Williams M, Lee S, Roberts P. Personalized intranasal drug delivery for Alzheimer's disease: targeting the brain with novel carriers and smart systems. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2023;20(4):456-471.
Devhare LD and Gokhale N. Antioxidant and Antiulcer Property of Different Solvent Extracts of Cassia Tora Linn. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022;15(3);1109-1113.
Tiwari R, Mishra J, Devhare LD and Tiwari G. An updated review on recent developments and applications of fish collagen. Pharma Times. 2023;55(6):28-36.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
