Comparison of Effectiveness of Precooling the Site of Injection Using Topical Ice and Topical Anesthetic Gel in Children Between 7- 12 Years- A Split Mouth Comparitive Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2411Keywords:
Cryotherapy, topical anesthetic, Pain Perception, Visual Analogue Scale and DibucaineAbstract
Background: Topical anesthetics help alleviate fear, anxiety, and pain in pediatric dental treatments. Cryotherapy may enhance pain management by cooling the oral mucosa. This split-mouth study evaluates the efficacy of cryo-anesthesia versus a topical anesthetic gel during inferior alveolar nerve blocks.
Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of topical ice and topical anesthetic gel in alleviating pain during local anesthesia administration in children aged 7 to 12 years.
Materials and Methods: Fifty children requiring bilateral mandibular local anesthesia participated. Topical anesthetic gel (precaine) was applied on one side during the first visit, while cryo-anesthesia was used on the opposite side in the second appointment. Pain intensities were evaluated using a 100-mm visual analog scale and the sound, eye, and motor scale. Data was analyzed using paired t-tests.
Results: VAS scores indicated significantly lower pain in the cryo-anesthesia group compared to the precaine group. Although SEM scores were lower for cryo-anesthesia, the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Cryo-anesthesia effectively reduces pain during local anesthesia administration in children compared to topical anesthetic. Its advantages include pain reduction, quicker application, and avoidance of unpleasant taste.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Lakshmanan L, Ravindran V. Efficacy of cryotherapy application on the pain perception during intraoral injection: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2021 Sep;14(5):616.
Thambireddy S, Nirmala SV, Nuvvula S. Sucrose solution for alleviating needle pain during inferior alveolar nerve block in children aged 7–10 years: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 2023 Oct;23(5):273.
Aminabadi NA, Farahani RM. The effect of pre-cooling the injection site on pediatric pain perception during the administration of local anesthesia. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2009;10(3):1-9.
Hameed NN, Sargod SS, Bhat SS, Hegde SK, Bava MM. Effectiveness of precooling the injection site using tetrafluorethane on pain perception in children. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2018 Jul 1;36(3):296-300.
Lakshmanan L, Ravindran V. Efficacy of cryotherapy application on the pain perception during intraoral injection: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2021 Sep;14(5):616.
Kosaraju A, Vandewalle KS. A comparison of a refrigerant and a topical anesthetic gel as preinjection anesthetics: a clinical evaluation. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2009 Jan 1;140(1):68-72.
Meeusen R, Lievens P. The use of cryotherapy in sports injuries. Sports medicine. 1986 Nov;3:398-414.
Greenstein G. Therapeutic efficacy of cold therapy after intraoral surgical procedures: a literature review.Journal of periodontology. 2007 May;78(5):790-800.
Lathwal G, Pandit IK, Gugnani N, Gupta M. Efficacy of different precooling agents and topical anesthetics on the pain perception during intraoral injection: a comparative clinical study. International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2015 May;8(2):119.
Padmanabh SK, Gangurde VB, Jhamb V, Gori N. Effect of cryoanesthesia and sweet tasting solution in reducing injection pain in pediatric patients aged 7–10 years: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 2024 Feb;24(1):37.
Hamilton JG. Needle phobia: a neglected diagnosis. Journal of family practice. 1995 Aug 1;41(2):169-82.
Tirupathi S, Rajasekhar S. Topical anesthesia in pediatric dentistry: an update. International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2022 Mar;15(2):240
Atkinson RS, Lee JA, Rushman GB. A synopsis of anaesthesia.1977 Sep 20.
Harahap M. Techniques in Skin Surgery.
Abbott K, Fowler-Kerry S. The use of a topical refrigerant anesthetic to reduce injection pain in children. Journal of pain and symptom management. 1995 Nov 1;10 (8):58490.
Kaufman E, Epstein JB, Naveh E, Gorsky M, Gross A, Cohen G. A survey of pain, pressure, and discomfort induced by commonly used oral local anesthesia injections. Anesthesia progress. 2005 Dec 1;52(4):122-7.
Morris AS, Wakschlag L, Krogh-Jespersen S, Fox N, Planalp B, Perlman SB, Shuffrey LC, Smith B, Lorenzo NE, Amso D, Coles CD. Principles for guiding the selection of early childhood neurodevelopmental risk and resilience measures: HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study as an Exemplar. Adversity and Resilience Science.2020 Dec1:24767
Jones I. Research methods for sports studies. Routledge; 2022 Feb 28.
Harbert H. Topical ice: a precursor to palatal injections. Journal of Endodontics. 1989 Jan 1;15(1):27-8.
Duncan JD, Reeves GW, Fitchie JG. Technique to diminish discomfort from the palatal injection. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1992 Jun 1;67(6):901-2.
Brown L, Mossabir R, Harrison N, Brundle C, Smith J, Clegg A. Life in lockdown: a telephone survey to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the lives of older people (≥ 75 years). Age and ageing. 2021 Mar;50(2):341-6.
Maier A. It Still Hurts: The Association of Childhood Maltreatment and Long-term Aberrant Sensory Processing of Social Signals in the Tactile and Olfactory Domains (Doctoral dissertation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum).
Carnevali L, Gui A, Jones EJ, Farroni T. Face processing in early development: a systematic review of behavioral studies and considerations in times of COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022 Feb 18; 13:778247.
Wood A. Effects of a Movement-based Curriculum on the Motor and Cognitive Development of Preschool-aged Children.
Kuwahara RT, Skinner Jr RB. Emla versus ice as a topical anesthetic. Dermatologic surgery. May 1;27(5):495-6.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
