The Interplay of Thyroid Dysfunction and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2448Keywords:
Thyroid hormones in pregnancy, Insulin sensitivity, Thyroid dysfunction, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Maternal-fetal outcomesAbstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thyroid dysfunction are dual conditions that are common during pregnancy and have a substantial impact on the health of both the mother and the fetus. Even while the effects of each condition are becoming more well acknowledged, little is known about how these two disorders interact.
Objective: This thorough analysis attempts to clarify the connection between GDM and thyroid dysfunction by investigating how each affects pregnancy outcomes, diagnostic techniques, and treatment plans.
Methods: Studies with an emphasis on their epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical consequences were chosen for inclusion because of their applicability to GDM and thyroid diseases. In order to offer a comprehensive view of the state of knowledge and practice today, both observational and interventional research were included.
Results: The study emphasizes how thyroid dysfunction, namely hypo- and hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, by modifying thyroid hormone levels and metabolic control, GDM make thyroid dysfunction worse. The impact of these disorders on outcomes for mothers and fetuses, including preterm delivery, neonatal problems, and preeclampsia, is covered in the review. The timing and techniques for thyroid function screening in GDM pregnant women are among the diagnostic procedures that are assessed. The necessity of coordinated treatment is emphasized as current therapy approaches for coexisting thyroid dysfunction and GDM are examined.
Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction and GDM have a complex and reciprocal interaction, thus diagnosis and therapy must be done carefully. Optimizing outcomes for mother and child requires multidisciplinary care in addition to enhanced screening and monitoring techniques. In order to enhance pregnancy outcomes for women who are impacted, future research should concentrate on clarifying the processes underlying this interaction and creating focused therapies.
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