Exploring the Link Between Cardiovascular Fitness, Metabolic Syndrome, and Heart Rate Variability in Anesthesiology Residents at Airlangga University
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2570Keywords:
Cardiorespiratory fitness, Metabolic syndrome, Heart rate variability, Autonomic nervous system, Resident doctorsAbstract
Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a key indicator of aerobic capacity and plays a crucial role in cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system health. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, increases cardiovascular disease risk and impairs autonomic function. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive measure of autonomic balance and cardiovascular health.
Objective: This review explores the interrelationship between CRF, MetS, and HRV, emphasizing its implications for anesthesiology and intensive care residents, who experience high stress and workload.
Methods: A literature review was conducted to assess how CRF influences HRV and mitigates MetS-related autonomic dysfunction.
Findings: Higher CRF is associated with increased HRV, indicating better autonomic regulation, while MetS is linked to reduced HRV and impaired cardiovascular function. Maintaining optimal CRF appears to counteract MetS-related autonomic imbalances, reducing cardiovascular risks in high-stress professions.
Conclusion: Enhancing CRF through structured physical activity may serve as a preventive strategy against MetS-related autonomic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, particularly for medical professionals exposed to chronic stress. Workplace interventions promoting physical fitness could play a crucial role in safeguarding the well-being of anesthesiology residents.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Stuckey MI, Kiviniemi A, Gill DP, Shoemaker JK, Petrella RJ. Associations between heart rate variability, metabolic syndrome risk factors, and insulin resistance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2015 Jul;40(7):734–40.
Myers J, Kokkinos P, Nyelin E. Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 19;11(7):1652.
Raghuveer G, Hartz J, Lubans DR, Takken T, Wiltz JL, Mietus-Snyder M, et al. Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth: An Important Marker of Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020 Aug 18;142(7):e101–18.
Arovah NI, Heesch KC. The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome diagnosis: A cross-sectional study in Indonesian middle-aged and older adults. Physical Activity Review. 2021;9(2):101–10.
Knight E, Stuckey MI, Petrella RJ. Validation of the step test and exercise prescription tool for adults. Can J Diabetes. 2014 Jun;38(3):164–71.
Köble K, Postler T, Oberhoffer-Fritz R, Schulz T. A Better Cardiopulmonary Fitness Is Associated with Improved Concentration Level and Health-Related Quality of Life in Primary School Children. J Clin Med. 2022 Feb 28;11(5):1326.
Hingorjo MR, Zehra S, Hasan Z, Qureshi MA. Cardiorespiratory fitness and its association with adiposity indices in young adults. Pak J Med Sci. 2017;33(3):659–64.
Marković L, Trbojević Jocić J, Horvatin M, Pekas D, Trajković N. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health-Related Quality of Life in Secondary School Children Aged 14 to 18 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Mar 31;10(4):660.
Kassi E, Pervanidou P, Kaltsas G, Chrousos G. Metabolic syndrome: definitions and controversies. BMC Medicine. 2011 May 5;9(1):48.
Albarado-Ibañez A, Arroyo-Carmona RE, Bernabé-Sánchez DA, Limón-Cantú M, López-Silva B, Ita-Amador ML, et al. Heart Rate Variability as Biomarker for Prognostic of Metabolic Disease. In: Autonomic Nervous System Monitoring - Heart Rate Variability [Internet]. IntechOpen; 2019 [cited 2025 Mar 3]. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/68750
Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001 May 16;285(19):2486–97.
Lanktree MB, Hegele RA. Chapter 4 - Metabolic Syndrome. In: Ginsburg GS, Willard HF, editors. Genomic and Precision Medicine (Third Edition) [Internet]. Boston: Academic Press; 2018 [cited 2025 Mar 3]. p. 47–63. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128018125000159
Chang YM, Shiao CC, Huang YT, Chen IL, Yang CL, Leu SC, et al. Impact of metabolic syndrome and its components on heart rate variability during hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016 Jan 27;15:16.
Shaffer F, Ginsberg JP. An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms. Front Public Health. 2017;5:258.
Brage S, Brage N, Franks PW, Ekelund U, Wareham NJ. Reliability and validity of the combined heart rate and movement sensor Actiheart. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr;59(4):561–70.
Nichols JF, Aralis H, Merino SG, Barrack MT, Stalker-Fader L, Rauh MJ. Utility of the actiheart accelerometer for estimating exercise energy expenditure in female adolescent runners. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010 Dec;20(6):487–95.
Souza HCD, Philbois SV, Veiga AC, Aguilar BA. Heart Rate Variability and Cardiovascular Fitness: What We Know so Far. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2021 Nov 13;17:701–11.
Ravé G, Zouhal H, Boullosa D, Doyle-Baker PK, Saeidi A, Abderrahman AB, et al. Heart Rate Variability is Correlated with Perceived Physical Fitness in Elite Soccer Players. J Hum Kinet. 2020 Mar 31;72:141–50.
Nayor M, Chernofsky A, Spartano NL, Tanguay M, Blodgett JB, Murthy VL, et al. Physical activity and fitness in the community: the Framingham Heart Study. European Heart Journal. 2021 Nov 21;42(44):4565–75.
Hong S, Lee J, Park J, Lee M, Kim JY, Kim KC, et al. Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014 May 21;14:481.
Franklin BA, Eijsvogels TMH, Pandey A, Quindry J, Toth PP. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the ASPC Part I: Bioenergetics, contemporary physical activity recommendations, benefits, risks, extreme exercise regimens, potential maladaptations. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2022 Dec;12:100424.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
