Development of Sulfasalazine-Loaded Nanosponges in Hydrogel for Enhanced Topical Psoriasis Management

Abstract

This study focuses on developing a novel topical drug delivery system combining sulfasalazine-loaded nanosponges with hydrogel for enhanced management of psoriasis. Sulfasalazine, a potent anti-inflammatory agent, suffers from poor solubility and limited bioavailability, restricting its topical efficacy. Nanosponges, owing to their porous, nanoscale structure, enhance drug encapsulation, solubility, and controlled release. These were prepared via the emulsion solvent diffusion method and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, morphology, and entrapment efficiency. The optimized nanosponges were then incorporated into a Carbopol-based hydrogel to create a biocompatible, skin-friendly formulation. Comparative in vitro studies with plain sulfasalazine gel revealed that the nanosponge-loaded hydrogel exhibited significantly improved drug release, enhanced skin permeation, higher dermal retention, and better spreadability. Drug release followed diffusion-controlled kinetics with excellent stability over three months. The combination of nanotechnology and hydrogel delivery not only provided sustained and localized therapy but also minimized systemic side effects. This innovative formulation presents a promising approach for improved patient compliance and effective long-term management of psoriasis through targeted topical therapy.