Impact of Daily Habits on Bone Mass Density: A Study on Protein Intake, Physical Activity, and Caffeine Consumption in Indonesian Society
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2723Keywords:
bone density, caffeine, habit, physical activity, protein intakeAbstract
Introduction: Bone mass density is the total weight of bone tissue in the human body. Osteopenia, a decrease in bone mass density, is globally affected. Lifestyle and daily habits play a crucial role in bone health. This study aims to determine the relationship between daily habits in physical activity, protein intake, caffeine consumption, and bone mass density.
Method: This study is an analytical-observational cross-sectional study conducted from May to July 2024 in Kendalpayak Village involving 42 participants aged 30-70 who underwent a bone mass density examination using Quantitative Ultrasound. Data was collected through questionnaire-based interviews. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square, and the results were considered significant if p-value < 0.05.
Results: Type (0.014), intensity (0.037), and duration (0.001) of physical activity related to bone mass density (p-value < 0.05). While protein intake, frequency of physical activity, and caffeine consumption are not.
Discussion: The study found no significant relationship between protein intake and bone mass density despite factors like calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus intake, hormonal factors, heredity, and race not being studied. Physical activity, such as weight training and high-intensity exercise, is related to bone mass density, with variation and intensity playing a more significant role. Coffee consumption did not significantly impact bone mass density, as the polyphenol content in the tea or coffee cannot be determined.
Conclusion: Type, intensity, and duration of physical activity were related to bone mass density, while protein intake, frequency, and caffeine consumption were not.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Blom, A., Warwick, D., & Whitehouse, M. (Eds.). (2017). Apley & Solomon's System of Orthopaedics and Trauma (10th ed.). CRC Press. https://doi:10.4324/9781315118192
Varacallo, M. A., Seaman, T. J., Jandu, J. S., & Pizzutillo, P. (2023). Osteopenia. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Qiao, D., Liu, X., Tu, R., Zhang, X., Qian, X., Zhang, H., Jiang, J., Tian, Z., Wang, Y., Dong, X., Luo, Z., Liu, X., Tian, H., Zhang, G., Pan, J., & Wang, C. (2020). Gender-specific prevalence and influencing factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Chinese rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort Study. BMJ open, 10(1), e028593. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028593
Indonesian Ministry of Health. (2020). Data & Conditions of Osteoporosis in Indonesia. Indonesian Ministry of Health Data & Information Center.
Shen, Y., Huang, X., Wu, J., Lin, X., Zhou, X., Zhu, Z., Pan, X., Xu, J., Qiao, J., Zhang, T., Ye, L., Jiang, H., Ren, Y., & Shan, P. F. (2022). The Global Burden of Osteoporosis, Low Bone Mass, and Its Related Fracture in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019. Frontiers in endocrinology, 13, 882241. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.882241
Salari, N., Darvishi, N., Bartina, Y., Larti, M., Kiaei, A., Hemmati, M., Shohaimi, S., & Mohammadi, M. (2021). Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 16(1), 669. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02821-8
Akil, S., Al-Mohammed, H., Al-Batati, N., Tirsen, M., Al-Otaibi, A., AlZahrani, A., Bakhder, D., AlSubaie, R., & AbuAlsaud, S. (2021). Quantitative ultrasound assessment of the effect of parity on bone mineral density in females. BMC women's health, 21(1), 380. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01516-w
Sheu, A., & Diamond, T. (2016). Bone mineral density: testing for osteoporosis. Australian prescriber, 39(2), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2016.020
Wilson-Barnes, S. L., Lanham-New, S. A., & Lambert, H. (2022). Modifiable risk factors for bone health & fragility fractures. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 36(3), 101758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2022.101758
Carter, M. I., & Hinton, P. S. (2014). Physical activity and bone health. Missouri medicine, 111(1), 59–64.
Noprisanti, Masrul & Defrin. (2018). Correlation Between Protein, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Intake and Bone Density in Adolescent Girls at SMP Negeri 5 Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 7(Supplement 3), 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7i0.867
Xu, H., Liu, T., Hu, L., Li, J., Gan, C., Xu, J., Chen, F., Xiang, Z., Wang, X., & Sheng, J. (2019). Effect of caffeine on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 112, 108650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108650
Barcelos, R. P., Lima, F. D., Carvalho, N. R., Bresciani, G., & Royes, L. F. (2020). Caffeine effects on systemic metabolism, oxidative-inflammatory pathways, and exercise performance. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 80, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2020.05.005
Khotimah, D. F., Faizah, U. N., & Sayekti, T. (2021). Protein as a building block in the human body: a review of protein sources for cells [Proceeding]. PISCES: Proceeding of Integrative Science Education Seminar (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 127-133).
Office of the Surgeon General (US). Bone Health and Osteoporosis: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville (MD): Office of the Surgeon General (US); 2004. 6, Determinants of Bone Health. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45503/
Mangano, K. M., Sahni, S., & Kerstetter, J. E. (2014). Dietary protein is beneficial to bone health under conditions of adequate calcium intake: an update on clinical research. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 17(1), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000013
Henggu, K. U. & Nurdiansyah Y. (2021). Review of Carbohydrate, Lipid, Protein, and Nucleic Acid Metabolism. QUIMICA: Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Terapan, 3(2), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.33059/jq.v3i2.5688
Mocanu, C. A., Simionescu, T. P., Mocanu, A. E., & Garneata, L. (2021). Plant-Based versus Animal-Based Low Protein Diets in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients, 13(11), 3721. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113721
Bolam, K. A., van Uffelen, J. G., & Taaffe, D. R. (2013). The effect of physical exercise on bone density in middle-aged and older men: a systematic review. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 24(11), 2749–2762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-013-2346-1
Haque, I., Schlacht, T. Z., & Skelton, D. A. (2024). The effects of high velocity resistance training on bone mineral density in older adults: A systematic review. Bone, 179, 116986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2023.116986
Lambert, C., Beck, B. R., Harding, A. T., Watson, S. L., & Weeks, B. K. (2020). Regional changes in indices of bone strength of upper and lower limbs in response to high-intensity impact loading or high-intensity resistance training. Bone, 132, 115192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2019.115192
Manaye, S., Cheran, K., Murthy, C., Bornemann, E. A., Kamma, H. K., Alabbas, M., Elashahab, M., Abid, N., & Arcia Franchini, A. P. (2023). The Role of High-intensity and High-impact Exercises in Improving Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 15(2), e34644. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34644
Chang, X., Xu, S., & Zhang, H. (2022). Regulation of bone health through physical exercise: Mechanisms and types. Frontiers in endocrinology, 13, 1029475. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1029475
Benedetti, M. G., Furlini, G., Zati, A., & Letizia Mauro, G. (2018). The Effectiveness of Physical Exercise on Bone Density in Osteoporotic Patients. BioMed research international, 2018, 4840531. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4840531
Khanna, A. (2023). Effect of resistance exercise on bone health of old aged individuals: Review. Science & Sports, 38(4), 323-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2022.09.003
Dai, Z., Jin, A., Soh, A. Z., Ang, L. W., Yuan, J. M., & Koh, W. P. (2018). Coffee and tea drinking in relation to risk of hip fracture in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Bone, 112, 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.010
Verinda, S., & Herwana, E. (2020). Caffeine intake from coffee and tea and its relationship to bone density in postmenopausal women. Jurnal Biomedika Dan Kesehatan, 3(2), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.18051/JBiomedKes.2020.v3.70-76
Cui, A., Xiao, P., He, J., Fan, Z., Xie, M., Chen, L., Zhuang, Y., & Wang, H. (2023). Association between caffeine consumption and bone mineral density in children and adolescent: Observational and Mendelian randomization study. PloS one, 18(6), e0287756. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287756
Dudaric, L., Fuzinac-Smojver, A., Muhvic, D., & Giacometti, J. (2015). The role of polyphenols on bone metabolism in osteoporosis. Food Research International, 77(2), 290-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.017
Shavandi, A., Bekhit, A. E. A., Saeedi, P., Izadifar, Z., Bekhit, A. A., & Khademhosseini, A. (2018). Polyphenol uses in biomaterials engineering. Biomaterials, 167, 91–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.018
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
