Securing IoT in Smart Cities with Federated Learning and Adaptive Clustering via FedAC Algorithm
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2912Keywords:
Federated Adaptive Clustering, Internet of TechnologyAbstract
With the increasing number of IoT devices in smart city infrastructures, there is a growing need for advanced security measures to protect against new cyber threats. This research article presents the Federated Adaptive Clustering (FedAC) algorithm, a novel method designed to improve IoT-based smart city security through federated learning and privacy preservation. FedAC uses an adaptive clustering technique to group edge devices based on data similarity and computational power, optimizing local training and minimizing communication overhead. The technique guarantees robust data privacy by integrating differential privacy and safe multi-party computation within each cluster. The dynamic re-clustering feature adapts to changing data distributions and device availability, maintaining high model performance and efficiency. Experimental results show that FedAC achieves a 92.5% accuracy on real-world IoT datasets, while reducing communication overhead by 35% compared to traditional federated learning algorithms. Privacy loss is kept minimal with a privacy budget (epsilon) of 1.0, and computational efficiency is improved by 25% in convergence time. These findings highlight the potential of FedAC in strengthening smart city security, offering a scalable and resilient federated learning framework suited for the complexities of IoT environments.
Downloads
Metrics
References
M. Patel, A. Kumar, and R. Singh, "Federated Learning with Enhanced Privacy in IoT Smart Cities," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 2031-2045, Mar. 2023.
L. Zhang, X. Zhao, and Y. Wang, "Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning for Traffic Management in Smart Cities," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 1548-1557, Apr. 2023.
S. Gupta and P. Sharma, "Optimizing Federated Learning in Heterogeneous IoT Networks," IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 1234-1245, May 2023.
J. Lee, K. Lee, and S. Kim, "A Scalable Federated Learning Framework for Large-Scale IoT Systems," IEEE Transactions on Big Data, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 560-571, Jun. 2023.
A. Rai, M. Agarwal, and R. Verma, "Federated Learning in Smart Cities: Challenges and Future Directions," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 56-62, Jan. 2024.
D. Liu, X. Liu, and J. Zhang, "Privacy-Enhanced Federated Learning for Smart Grid Applications," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 345-356, Feb. 2024.
H. Chen, Y. Li, and W. Zhou, "Homomorphic Encryption in Federated Learning: Performance and Privacy Trade-offs," IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 645-656, Mar. 2024.
T. Wang, Y. Chen, and M. Li, "Adaptive Clustering for Federated Learning in IoT Environments," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 3457-3468, May 2024.
S. K. Mishra, R. Goyal, and N. Gupta, "Enhancing Privacy in Federated Learning with Differential Privacy and Secure Multi-Party Computation," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 2345-2356, Apr. 2024.
M. S. Al-Ghaili, A. Al-Shehri, and F. Alotaibi, "Scalability Analysis of Federated Learning in IoT Networks," IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 34521-34531, Jun. 2024.
A. S. Ahmed, F. Al-Dubai, and I. Chlamtac, "Data Heterogeneity Handling in Federated Learning for Smart City Applications," IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1125-1136, Jul. 2023.
Y. Shi, W. Wu, and C. Chen, "Federated Learning for Real-Time IoT Applications: A Case Study on Public Safety Monitoring," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 1021-1032, Feb. 2024.
L. Yang, Z. Wu, and H. Zhao, "Resource-Efficient Federated Learning in Edge Computing Environments," IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 123-134, Jan. 2023.
J. Tan, F. Li, and Z. Jiang, "Security Enhancements for Federated Learning in Smart Grids," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 4123-4134, Apr. 2024.
X. Huang, Y. Ma, and L. Zhang, "Cross-Domain Learning in Federated Learning: Challenges and Opportunities," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 123-134, Jan. 2024.
R. Sharma, V. Kumar, and S. Rathi, "Dynamic Re-Clustering in Federated Learning for IoT-Based Smart Cities," IEEE Internet of Things Magazine, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 56-63, Feb. 2024.
A. L. Brown and K. E. Smith, "Blockchain Integration with Federated Learning for Enhanced Security in IoT Networks," IEEE Transactions on Blockchain Technology, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 156-168, Mar. 2023.
C. Li, M. Zhang, and T. Zhou, "Energy-Efficient Federated Learning for IoT Devices in Smart Cities," IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 203-214, Apr. 2024.
Y. Liu, D. Wang, and X. Lin, "Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning for Healthcare in Smart Cities," IEEE Transactions on Smart Cities, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 45-56, Jan. 2024.
Z. Qian, Y. Song, and J. Luo, "Federated Learning with Fairness Constraints for IoT Networks," IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 356-368, Mar. 2024.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.