Federated Learning Enabled Wireless Sensor Architecture for Secure and Intelligent Brain Surgery Monitoring

Authors

  • R. Nallakumar
  • T. Parameswaran
  • P. M. Benson Mansingh
  • A. Britto Manoj
  • S. Lavanya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2915

Keywords:

Brain surgery, Wireless sensor networks, Artificial intelligence, Federated learning, Neurophysiological monitoring

Abstract

Real-time physiological monitoring during brain surgery is critical for ensuring intraoperative safety and precision. Traditional centralized artificial intelligence (AI) models, although powerful, pose challenges related to data privacy, latency, and network reliability—factors that are particularly sensitive in neurosurgical environments. This paper proposes a novel architecture that integrates federated learning with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to enable secure, decentralized, and intelligent intraoperative monitoring. In the proposed system, distributed sensor nodes equipped with local AI models perform real-time analysis of neurophysiological signals such as electroencephalography (EEG) and intracranial pressure (ICP). Model updates are shared instead of raw data, preserving patient privacy while enabling collaborative learning through federated averaging. Experimental simulations demonstrate that the federated learning approach achieves comparable prediction accuracy to centralized models while significantly reducing communication overhead and enhancing data security. The architecture also supports scalability, resilience to single-point failures, and adaptability across varied surgical contexts. This study lays the groundwork for deploying privacy-preserving AI systems in high-stakes surgical procedures and paves the way for intelligent, edge-enabled brain-computer interfaces.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Chen, M., Hao, Y., Hwang, K., Wang, L., & Wang, L. (2021). Disease prediction by machine learning over big data from healthcare communities. IEEE Access, 5, 8869–8879. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2694446

Li, T., Sahu, A. K., Zaheer, M., Sanjabi, M., Talwalkar, A., & Smith, V. (2020). Federated optimization in heterogeneous networks. Proceedings of Machine Learning and Systems, 2, 429–450.

Rieke, N., Hancox, J., Li, W., Milletari, F., Roth, H. R., Albarqouni, S., ... & Cardoso, M. J. (2020). The future of digital health with federated learning. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00323-1

Topol, E. (2019). High-performance medicine: The convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nature Medicine, 25(1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7

Zhou, J., Ye, F., Qiu, C., & Luo, C. (2022). Federated learning for wireless healthcare systems with edge intelligence. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 18(3), 1834–1844. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2021.3078380

Kaissis, G. A., Makowski, M. R., Rückert, D., & Braren, R. F. (2021). Secure, privacy-preserving and federated machine learning in medical imaging. Nature Machine Intelligence, 3(6), 473–484. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-0186-1

Pantelopoulos, A., & Bourbakis, N. G. (2010). A survey on wearable sensor-based systems for health monitoring and prognosis. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), 40(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2009.2032660

Rieke, N., Hancox, J., Li, W., Milletari, F., Roth, H. R., Albarqouni, S., ... & Cardoso, M. J. (2020). The future of digital health with federated learning. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00323-1

Roy, Y., Banville, H., Albuquerque, I., Gramfort, A., Falk, T. H., & Faubert, J. (2019). Deep learning-based electroencephalography analysis: A systematic review. Journal of Neural Engineering, 16(5), 051001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ab260c

Sheller, M. J., Reina, G. A., Edwards, B., Martin, J., & Bakas, S. (2020). Multi-institutional deep learning modeling without sharing patient data: A feasibility study on brain tumor segmentation. Brainlesion: Glioma, Multiple Sclerosis, Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injuries, 92–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46643-5_9

Downloads

Published

2025-04-02

How to Cite

1.
Nallakumar R, Parameswaran T, Mansingh PMB, Manoj AB, Lavanya S. Federated Learning Enabled Wireless Sensor Architecture for Secure and Intelligent Brain Surgery Monitoring. J Neonatal Surg [Internet]. 2025Apr.2 [cited 2025Oct.1];14(5):141-5. Available from: https://www.jneonatalsurg.com/index.php/jns/article/view/2915