Association of Anemia and Total Leukocyte Count with the Risk of Amputation in Diabetic Foot Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.3393Abstract
Background: DFUs continue to pose a significant problem for diabetes mellitus patients because they cause severe infections while eventually leading to lower limb amputations at worst cases. The clinical combination of anemia and elevated total leukocyte count (TLC) happens frequently in these patients yet doctors do not fully understand their direct connection to amputation risk.
Methods: The observational cross-sectional research took place inside a tertiary level care facility. Our research included 300 adult patients with DFUs to determine their Hb levels and total leukocyte counts and HbA1c results and ulcer characteristics. The study defined anemia as a condition where men had less than 13 g/dL Hb and women had less than 12 g/dL Hb. High TLC levels were classified as any count above 10,000 cells/µL. A multidisciplinary team determined the risk of amputation for patients through their assessments while adjusted models with confounding factors such as age, glycemic control and ulcer severity were used for analysis.
Results: A total of 126 participants among 300 reported anemia while 111 patients showed elevated TLC among the study group. The amputation risk was proven to be elevated by 2.10 times among anemic patients compared to patients without anemia (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.20–3.70; p = 0.009). People with high TLC showed a remarkable increase in amputation risk at odds ratios of 2.56 and 95% confidence intervals between 1.40 and 4.00 along with p value of 0.002. Patients who had anemia in combination with elevated TLC faced the most substantial risk for limb loss according to analysis results (OR = 4.20, 95% CI: 2.20–7.40; p < 0.001). The research associations held steady even when researchers accounted for peripheral vascular disease together with ulcer duration as relevant variables.
Conclusion: The development of foot amputation in diabetic patients becomes more likely when patients experience anemia and elevated TLC which are important risk factors that medical professionals can manage. Potential serious complications warrant medical professionals to identify these abnormalities since targeted medical care can prevent them. Prospective studies need to verify the existing relationship data to develop evidence-based intervention strategies
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