Immediate Glycemic Impact of Caffeine Consumption: A Prospective Analytical Observational Study Comparing Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Metformin with Healthy Individuals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.4168Keywords:
Caffeine, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Metformin, Blood Glucose, Acute Glycemic ResponseAbstract
Background: Caffeine, widely consumed through beverages like coffee, may influence glucose metabolism. While habitual coffee consumption has been linked to reduced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) risk, acute caffeine intake can impair glucose tolerance, especially in diabetic individuals.
Objective: To evaluate and compare the immediate glycemic response to caffeine consumption in T2DM patients on metformin therapy versus healthy individuals.
Methods: A prospective analytical observational study was conducted with 100 participants (50 T2DM patients on metformin 500 mg twice daily and 50 healthy adults), all habitual coffee consumers. Fasting capillary blood glucose (CBG) was measured, followed by ingestion of standardized black coffee (200 mg instant coffee powder containing ~21.25 mg caffeine in 75 mL water). A second CBG was recorded 45 minutes post-consumption. Statistical analysis was performed using paired and independent t-tests.
Results: Both groups showed significant increases in CBG post-caffeine (T2DM: +16.8 mg/dL, p<0.001; Healthy: +7.5 mg/dL, p<0.001). The rise in glucose was significantly greater in the T2DM group compared to healthy individuals (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Caffeine consumption induces a significant acute rise in blood glucose, more pronounced in T2DM patients despite metformin therapy. These findings highlight the need for personalized dietary guidance in diabetes management regarding caffeine intake.
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