Impact of Maternal Obesity on Immediate Neonatal Outcomes in Diabetic Mothers
Keywords:
Maternal obesity, Gestational diabetes, Neonatal outcomes, Macrosomia, HypoglycemiaAbstract
Background: Maternal obesity and diabetes are major risk factors driving adverse perinatal outcomes, creating heightened neonatal difficulties. The combined effects of these conditions remain understudied in low-resource settings. This study compares immediate neonatal outcomes between obese and non-obese diabetic mothers. Methods: The comparative observational study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2023 to June 2024. The research examined neonatal results of 105 pregnant women with diabetes, where 52 were obese and 53 were non-obese. Participants were divided based on body mass index (BMI), with obese participants having a BMI of 30 kg/m² or higher. SPSS version 25.0 was used for data analysis, with statistical significance at p<0.05. Results: Findings showed obese mothers needed cesarean delivery more than non-obese mothers (76.92% vs. 58.49%, p=0.045). Birth weights of infants from obese mothers were 3510 ± 440 g, while non-obese mothers' babies averaged 3275 ± 395 g (p=0.004). Macrosomia occurred more frequently in the obese group (26.92% vs. 9.43%, p = 0.02). The obese group showed increased newborn hypoglycemia compared to the non-obese group (23.07% vs. 9.43%, p=0.05). Obese mothers had a nonsignificant association with NICU admissions at 32.69%, while normal-weight women had 17.0% admissions (p = 0.06), with nonsignificant effects on Apgar scores (15.38% vs. 5.66%, p = 0.1) and respiratory distress (17.30% vs. 7.54%, p = 0.13). Conclusion: Maternal obesity in diabetic pregnancies significantly increases the risks of macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and cesarean delivery. Enhanced antenatal care targeting weight and glycemic control is essential for improving neonatal outcomes.
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