Prosthodontic - Periodontic Considerations in Success of Implant: An Interdisciplinary Approach

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate and analyse the combined prosthodontic and periodontic factors that contribute to the long-term success, stability, and functionality of dental implants, with an emphasis on interdisciplinary treatment planning, execution, and maintenance.

Method: A prospective clinical study was conducted on 100 patients, each receiving dental implant therapy over a period of 12 months. A total of 150 implants were placed. Periodontic parameters including keratinized gingiva width, bone quality (Type I–IV), and history of periodontitis were recorded preoperatively. Prosthodontic parameters including implant positioning, prosthesis retention type (screw vs. cement-retained), occlusal scheme, and crown material were evaluated post-restoration. Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-placement. Implant success was defined based on Albrektsson’s criteria and absence of complications such as peri-implantitis, mobility, or significant bone loss. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square and independent t-tests with significance set at p < 0.05

Result : Out of 150 implants placed, 142 (94.6%) were deemed successful after 1 year. A higher success rate was observed in patients with ≥2 mm keratinized mucosa (97.1%) and good bone quality (Type I/II: 96.7%). Patients with a history of periodontitis had a reduced success rate of 89.7%, compared to 97.5% in periodontally healthy patients (p < 0.05). Prosthodontically, screw-retained prostheses showed a higher success rate (96%) than cement-retained (91%) (p = 0.048). Implants with ideal 3D positioning and mutually protected occlusion demonstrated significantly better outcomes. No statistically significant difference was noted between zirconia and PFM restorations (p > 0.05). Complications included peri-implant mucositis (6.7%), peri-implantitis (5.3%), and prosthetic issues such as screw loosening (4%).

Conclusion : The success of dental implants is significantly influenced by both periodontic and prosthodontic factors. Adequate keratinized mucosa, optimal bone quality, and absence of prior periodontal disease enhance implant survival, while

prosthodontic precision—including ideal implant positioning, screw-retained prostheses, and proper occlusal design—further contributes to favourable outcomes. A multidisciplinary, prosthetically driven approach is essential for maximizing implant longevity and minimizing complications