Analysis Of Environmental Health Risks from Exposure to Heavy Metals Cadmium and Manganese in Drinking Water for The Community in The Selayar Islands
Abstract
Background: Natural fault activity can lead to the contamination of water sources with heavy metals such as manganese (Mn) and cadmium (Cd). The fault movement that creates fractures opens pathways for groundwater to interact with metal-containing rocks, resulting in the dissolution and transportation of these metals into groundwater systems and surface water sources, potentially reaching concentrations that are harmful to human health and the environment.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the concentration levels of heavy metals Cd and Mn in well water and piped water, exposure duration, intake rate and frequency of Cd and Mn exposure through drinking water consumed by the residents of Pasimarannu District.
Method: This research is a quantitative descriptive study using the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) method. Data analysis is conducted by calculating intake, Excess Cancer Risk (ECR), and risk management. If ECR > E-4, it indicates that the contaminant has carcinogenic risk and requires risk management.
Results: The study shows the environmental health risks from exposure to heavy metals Cd and Mn as follows The ECR value for Cd in independent well water is 2 x 10-4, while in piped water, it is 4 x 10-4. The ECR value for Mn in well water is 2 x 10, while in piped water, it is 1 x 10. The carcinogenic risk level (ECR) from Cd exposure increases every 10 years, with Cd intake from independent wells and piped water rising from 0.00057 mg/L and 0.001 mg/L (in the 10th year) to 0.004 mg/L and 0.0075 mg/L (in the 70th year), respectively. Risk management can be done by determining the safe consumption limit and the amount of safe consumption.
Conclusion: Risk management in Batu Bingkung, Bonea, dan Sambali Villages involves controlling variables like safe concentration limits and allowable consumption of Cd dan Mn to prevent health risks and protect community safety.
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