Wolbachia, Is It Dangerous or Useful? A Literature Review
Keywords:
Japanese encephalitis, population reduction, WolbachiaAbstract
Over the past few decades, mosquito-borne arboviral infections, including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika, have become a serious public health concern. This infection covers more than 50% of people worldwide. According to the WHO Global Vector Control Response 2017–2030, dengue fever causes an annual total of 96 million illnesses, 1.9 million DALYs, and 9,110 fatalities. The number of cases has been increasing. Vaccinations against dengue and yellow fever are only currently available for people 9 to 45 years old who are seropositive for the disease in dengue endemic countries. The findings suggest that two general categories for mosquito population management measures exist: population replacement and population reduction. Population replacement involves adding an anti-pathogenic phenotype or decreasing the target population to reduce the number of contacts between arbovirus- delivering both human hosts and mosquitoes. The aim for effective control of arboviral illnesses is thought to be the mosquito vector, which serves as the pivot for the transmission of arboviruses. The findings allow for a general classification of mosquito population control measures into two groups: both population decrease and replacement. Biological control, of which Wolbachia is one of the programs, is one way to stop the spread of dengue. Wolbachia can be used for biological control of mosquito-borne diseases, a public health problem in the tropical and sub-tropical world and some developed countries. Dengue "elimination" is the most ambitious use of Wolbachia for disease control that has yet been suggested. But there are also reports that say that wolbachia can cause Japanese encephalitis. This article will try to determine whether Wolbachia has more benefits than dangers
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