Effect Of Maternal And Fetal Outcome In Teenage Pregnancy
Keywords:
Teenage pregnancy, maternal outcomes, fetal outcomes, anemia, preterm labor, neonatal complications, adolescent health, public healthAbstract
Background and Objectives: Teenage pregnancy remains a major global public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where early childbearing is associated with significant maternal and fetal complications. Defined as pregnancy occurring in females aged 10-19 years, it has been linked to increased maternal and neonatal morbidities due to biological immaturity, inadequate antenatal care, and socio-economic factors. This study aims to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes of teenage pregnancy.
Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted over three months in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Vinayaka Mission Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital, Salem. A total of 200 antenatal patients aged 13-19 years with singleton pregnancies and a gestational age of 28 weeks and above were included. Data collection involved detailed clinical history, antenatal examination, laboratory investigations, and assessment of maternal and fetal outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: Anemia was the most common maternal complication (48.8%), followed by hypertensive disorders (23.3%) and gestational diabetes mellitus (17.7%). Cardiac complications were observed in 4.4% of cases. Preterm delivery was observed in 30% of cases, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in 17.7%, and instrumental delivery in 15.5%. Wound infection was the most frequent postpartum complication (31.1%), followed by PPH (26.6%) and postpartum sepsis (18.8%). Psychological issues such as postpartum depression and psychosis were seen in 10% of cases. Neonatal complications included low birth weight (28%), preterm birth (30%), perinatal asphyxia (15%), and NICU admission (20%). Stillbirth was recorded in 5% of cases.
Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy is associated with significant maternal and fetal complications, including anaemia, hypertensive disorders, preterm labor, and neonatal morbidity. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions such as improved antenatal care, increased awareness, and better socio-economic support to mitigate risks associated with adolescent pregnancies.
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United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). The impact of teenage pregnancies on maternal and child health: a global perspective. UNICEF Report. 2020. Available from: https://www.unicef.org
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