Assessment the level of Urinary podocalyxin as an early biomarker in Diabetic Nephropathy
Keywords:
diabetes, kidney disease, podocyte, Podocalyxin and podocyte markersAbstract
Background: For a long time, measuring urinary albumin and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was considered the key to diagnosing kidney disease. Due to the lack of early diagnosis, the search for new markers that can provide early diagnosis and avoid complications has become increasingly important. Podocyte cell injury or dysfunction plays an important role in the development and progression of many kidney diseases . This enhances the potential of using podocyte cell product targets specially in urine as useful clinical indicators for the diagnosis and monitoring of kidney diseases.
Methods: A cross-sectional study will be carried out to a group of 70 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy 20 healthy control. A total of 25 mL urine was collected. Alb/Cr ratio in a random urine sample . Serum creatinine, serum albumin and HbA1C. Urinary Albumin / creatinine ratio. Urinary podocalyxin, nephrin and podocin were determined by using commercially available ELISA test.
Results: the study revealed that patients with normoalbuminuria have higher urinary PCX. Level than healthy control group as well as revealed that 50% of patients with normoalbuminuria have higher urine podocalyxin levels. These findings suggest that in the early stages of kidney damage urinary podocalyxin first appears in the urine preceding microalbumin. The results obtained showed that urinary podocalyxin level was significantly increased in both UM/CR and CKD staging subgroups compared with the healthy control group. A gradual increase in urinary podocalyxin level with CKD stage, especially in 2 and 3 stages, and the higher sensitivity of urinary podocalyxin as compared to UM/CR ratio in early detection of kidney damage was demonstrated.
Conclusions: Diabetes patients had much greater amounts of podocalyxin, nephrin, and podocin in their urine compared to the healthy control group.
Downloads
Metrics
References
International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas, 9th edition. 2019: 10-54
Mohammed M. Hepcidin and iron biomarkers modulated in hemodialysis patients. Georgian Med News. 2023 Nov;(344):101-105. PMID: 38236107.
Y. Kandasamy et al. Nephrin - a biomarker of early glomerular injury. iomark. Res. (2014)
Puzantian H, Nasrallah N, Malik E, Al Mardini M, Njeim R, Eid A, et al. Podocyturia: a novel biomarker of ageing. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation [Internet]. 2024 May 1 [cited 2024 Jul 22];39(Supplement_1(
Kazem Abdullah M. Impact of Hemodialysis on Gasdermin D and Vanin 1 Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Neonatal Surg [Internet]. 2025May6 [cited 2025May9];14(21S):121-7. Available from: https://www.jneonatalsurg.com/index.php/jns/article/view/5205
Langenberg, C.; Lotta, L.A. Genomic insights into the causes of type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2018, 391, 2463–2474.
Husamuldeen Salim Mohammed Saeed, Siham A. Wadi. Altered Serum Markers of Omentin and Chemerinin Chronic Renal Failure Patients on Hemodialysis. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 11(4): 2018: 1667-1670.
Sami A. Zbaar, Sawsan S. Hosi, Doaa Sabeeh Al-Nuaimi. Association of Nestatin-1 resistance in obese adolescents of Iraq population. Gorgian medical news. 2023:No10 (343) 107-110
Hou L, Shi Y, Wang S, Chen Q, Li Q, Zhao M, et al. Associations of serum uric acid levelwith diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journalof International Medical Research. 2020; 48(12):300060520963980
Kostovska I, Tosheska-Trajkovska K, Labudovic D, Cekovska S, Kostovski O, Spasovski G. Assessment of urinary podocalyxin as a biomarker of early diagnosis of hypertensive nephropathy. Ukr Biochem J [Internet]. 2023 Nov 6 22];95(5):31–40.
Shelbaya, S.E.D.A., Ibrahim, R.H., Sawirs, N.S., Ali, H.M. (2020). Study of The Podocalyxin as an early marker for diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with stages of diabetic nephropathy in a sample of Egyptian patients with T2DM. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 81(5), 2099-2102.
Ghorab, A.A. E., Diab, M.E., Abdelfattah, N.R., Elmenshawy, W.R. (2020). Study of Urinary Podocalyxin as an Early Biomarker in Diabetic Nephropathy. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 80(1), 627-632.
Le Tran N, Wang Y, Nie G. Podocalyxin in normal tissue and epithelial cancer. cancers (Basel). 2021; 13(12): 2863.
Costantino VV, Gil Lorenzo AF, Bocanegra V, Vallés PG. Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertensive Nephropathy: Renoprotective Effect of Losartan through Hsp70. cells. 2021; 10(11): 3146.
Sami A. Zbaar, Islam K. Kamal, Atyaf Alchalabi. Association between serum level of adipokines in patients with prostate cancer. Gorgian medical news. 2024:No12(357)173-177
Zbaar, S.,khalaf, S. Association of C-Reactive Protein with Risk of Complications of diabetic nephropathy. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2022; 65(8): 181-186. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2021.99957.4868.
Zeng L., Szeto C.C. Urinary podocyte markers in kidney diseases. Clin Chim Acta. 2021;523:315–324.
Sullivan K.M., Scholey J., Moineddin R., et al. Urinary podocyte-derived microparticles in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2021;64(2):469–475.
Mohamed, A.H., Heibah, H.A., Ibrahim, H.E., Abdeen, H.M., Badawy, A. (2016). Urinary podocalyxin; a potential new marker for early diabetic nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 6(1), 246-250
Zhang L.H., Zhu X.Y., Eirin A., et al. Early podocyte injury and elevated levels of urinary podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in swine with metabolic syndrome: role of podocyte mitochondria. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2019;317(7):F12–F22
Kostovska I., Tosheska-Trajkovska K., Topuzovska S., et al. Urinary nephrin is earlier, more sensitive and specific marker of diabetic nephropathy than microalbuminuria. J Med Biochem. 2020;39(1):83–90. doi: 10.2478/jomb-2019-0026
Fukuda A., Minakawa A., Kikuchi M., et al. Urinary podocyte mRNAs precede microalbuminuria as a progression risk marker in human type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
