Pulmonic Stenosis-Ventricular Septal Defect (Teratology of Fallot) Origin and Treatment
Keywords:
Heart diseases, Teratology of Fallot, diagnosis, treatmentAbstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most prevalent form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, comprising four distinct anatomical defects with varying degrees of severity. The clinical presentation in neonates largely depends on the extent of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction and the patency of the ductus arteriosus. Common symptoms include irritability, excessive sweating, cyanotic spells, and heart failure. Accurate diagnosis requires a combination of imaging techniques such as prenatal sonography, Doppler echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, multi-detector CT (MDCT), and MRI, all of which provide insights into the complex physiological abnormalities associated with TOF
Downloads
References
Parker SE, Mai CT, Canfield MA, et al; for the National Birth Defects Prevention Network. Updated national birth prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, 2004-2006. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2010;88:1008-16.
Taksande A, Gautami V, Padhi S, Bakshi K (2009) ,hypercyanotic Spells. JMGIMS 14: 7-9.
Van Roekens CN, Zuckerburg AL (1995) Emergency management of hypercyanotic crises in tetralogy of fallot. Annals Emerg Med 25: 256-258.
Gelb BD. Genetic basis of congenital heart disease. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2014;29(3):235–240.
jenkins KJ, Correa A, Feinstein JA, et al. Noninherited risk factors and congenital cardiovascular defects: current knowledge. Circulation. 2007;115(23):2995–3014.
Digilio MC, Marino B. Clinical manifestations of chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007;19(6):658–663.
Blue GM, Kirk EP, Giannoulatou E, et al. Advances in the genetics of congenital heart disease: a clinician’s guide. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(7):859–870.
Bailliard, F., Anderson, R.H. Tetralogy of Fallot. Orphanet J Rare Dis 4, 2 (2009).
Koppurapu V, Johnson JN. Clinical features and management of Tetralogy of Fallot. StatPearls [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459313/10.
Apitz C, Webb GD, Redington AN. Tetralogy of Fallot. Lancet. 2009;374(9699):1462–71.
Tongsong T, sittiwangkul R, Chanprapaph P, sirichotiyakul S (2005) Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of tetralogy of fallot. J Clin Ultrasound 33: 427-431
Alfirevic Z (2005) DISQ 3: failure to diagnose a fetal anomaly on a routine ultrasound scan at 20 weeks. Ultrasound Obstet Gynaecol 26: 797-798.
Tomczak L, Ropacka-Lesiak M, Breborowicz G (2015) Prenatal diagnosis of tetralogy of fallot. Arch Perinat Med 21: 47-50.
Lake CL, Booker PD (2005) Paediatric Cardiac Anaesthesia, 4th edition Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, p: 808.
Sigal-Cinqualbre A, Lambert V, Ronhean A, Paul JF (2011) Role of MSCT and MRI in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Arch de Pediatrie 18: 617-627.
Dohlen G, Chaturvedi RR, Benson LN. Stenting of the right ventricular outflow tract in the symptomatic infant in tetralogy of Fallot. Heart 2009; 95: 142-7
Karl TR, Stocker C. Tetralogy of Fallot and its variants. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2016; 17(Suppl. 1): S330-6
Hirsch JC, Mosca RS, Bove EL. Complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot in the neonate: results of the modern era. Ann Surg 2000; 232: 508-14
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
