Lipid Tetrad Index as a predictor of Stroke severity and Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Hospital based Prospective study
Keywords:
Acute ischemic stroke, Lipid tetrad index, Lipoprotein A, Stroke severity, Functional outcomes, BiomarkersAbstract
Background: Dyslipidaemia plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke, influencing both stroke severity and patient outcomes. The lipid tetrad index (LTI) has emerged as potential biomarkers for assessing stroke prognosis.
Objectives: To evaluate the association between LTI, stroke severity and outcomes among acute ischemic stroke patients presenting to a tertiary healthcare facility.
Methods: This was a hospital based, prospective study conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Chettinad Hospital And Research Institute, for a duration of 2 months between March and May 2025.
Results: The study included 40 acute ischemic stroke patients with a mean age of 62.5 years, of whom 90% were older than 40 years. Males constituted 65% of the population. Among the participants, 45% had a history of smoking, 35% consumed alcohol, 70% had hypertension, and 55% had diabetes. Laboratory investigations revealed mean values of lipoprotein A (38.4 mg/dL), total cholesterol (192.5 mg/dL), serum triglycerides (146.7 mg/dL), HDL cholesterol (42.3 mg/dL), and LDL cholesterol (118.6 mg/dL). The mean LTI was 15,200. Stroke severity, assessed by NIHSS, had a mean score of 9.8, while functional outcomes measured by mRS averaged 3.2, indicating moderate to severe disability. Correlation analysis showed that LTI had the strongest positive association with stroke severity (NIHSS: rp=0.506, p=0.002) and functional outcomes (mRS: rp=0.478, p=0.004). Lipoprotein A was also significantly associated with both NIHSS and mRS. ROC analysis identified LTI as a strong predictor of stroke severity (AUC=0.782) and functional outcomes (AUC=0.753), with high sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusion: This study highlights the significant association between LTI, lipoprotein A, and stroke severity and outcomes, suggesting their potential as predictive biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke.
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