Pharmacognostic and Biochemical Validation of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Bark: A Multifaceted Investigation into its Phenolic Content and Antidiabetic Enzyme Inhibitory Potential
Keywords:
Albizia lebbeck, Pharmacognostic evaluation, Phytochemical screening, α-Glucosidase inhibition, DPP-4 inhibition, Total phenolic content, Antidiabetic activity, Herbal standardizationAbstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, physicochemical properties, and antidiabetic enzyme inhibitory potential of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. bark extract. Physicochemical analysis revealed acceptable levels of total ash (16.60%), sulphated ash (12.66%), water- and alcohol-soluble extractive values (20.21% and 12.49%, respectively), and loss on drying (17.96%), confirming the quality and stability of the crude drug. Organoleptic and fluorescence analyses further aided in authentication and characterization. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of key bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, and glycosides—compounds widely known for their antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. The total phenolic content was determined to be 329.53 mg GAE/g of extract, indicating potent antioxidant potential. Enzymatic assays revealed significant α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC₅₀ value of 305.52 µg/mL, suggesting its potential to delay carbohydrate absorption and regulate postprandial blood glucose. Additionally, the extract exhibited moderate DPP-4 inhibitory activity (42.87% at 100 µg/mL), further supporting its antidiabetic relevance. While less potent than standard inhibitors (Acarbose and Diprotin A), the findings provide a strong basis for developing Albizia lebbeck as a complementary natural therapeutic for managing type 2 diabetes. Further in vivo studies and compound isolation are recommended.
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