Drugs Allergy and Risk Factors for Patients in Hospitals at Holy Karbala Province
Keywords:
N\AAbstract
This research explores the topic of drug allergy and its associated risk factors. Drug allergies represent a significant clinical concern, as they can lead to a wide range of adverse reactions, some of which may be severe or life-threatening. Understanding the underlying causes and identifying individuals at higher risk is crucial for improving patient safety and guiding healthcare professionals in prescribing medications more effectively.
This study investigates drug allergies and their associated risk factors among patients in the Holy Province of Karbala. It aims to determine the prevalence of drug allergies, identify the most common causative drugs and clinical symptoms and explore links with various risk factors such as medical and family history, lifestyle, and polypharmacy. The research also evaluates how drug allergies affect hospitalization rates, treatment decisions, and patient outcomes
Downloads
References
Vonk, M. M., Kostadinova, A. I., Kopp, M. V., Van-Esch, B. C. A. M., Willemsen, L. E. M., Knippels, L. M. J., & Garssen, J. (2016). Dietary interventions in infancy, allergy, immunity and tolerance in early childhood (1st ed., pp. 261–284). Academic Press.
Rajaee, A., Masquelin, M. E., & Pohlgeers, K. M. (2021). Pediatric Allergy: An Overview. In Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice (Vol. 48, Issue 3, pp. 517–530). W.B. Saunders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2021.04.006
Gandhi, T. K., Weingart, S. N., Borus, J., Seger, A. C., Peterson, J., Burdick, E., Seger, D. L., Shu, K., Federico, F., Leape, L. L., & Bates, D. W. (2003). Adverse drug events in ambulatory care. The New England Journal of Medicine, 348(16), 1556–1564. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa020703
Jagpal, P. K., Alshareef, S., Marriott, J. F., & Thirumala Krishna, M. (2022). Characterization, epidemiology and risk factors of multiple drug allergy syndrome and multiple drug intolerance syndrome: A systematic review. Clinical and Translational Allergy, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/clt2.12190
Abrams, E. M., & Khan, D. A. (2018). Diagnosing and managing drug allergy. In CMAJ (Vol. 190, Issue 17, pp. E532–E538). Canadian Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.171315
Blumenthal, K. G., Lai, K. H., Huang, M., et al. (2017). Adverse and hypersensitivity reactions to prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in a large health care system. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 5(3), 737–743.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2016.10.019
Doña, I., Torres, M. J., Celik, G., Phillips, E., Tanno, L. K., & Castells, M. (2024). Changing patterns in the epidemiology of drug allergy. In Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Vol. 79, Issue 3, pp. 613–628). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15970
Riedl, M. A., & Castillas, A. M. (2003). Adverse drug reactions: Types and treatment options. American Family Physician, 68(9), 1781–1790.
Caubet, J. C., Kaiser, L., Lemaitre, B., Fellay, B., Gervaix, A., & Eigenmann, P. A. (2011). The role of penicillin in benign skin rashes in childhood: A prospective study based on drug rechallenge. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 127(1), 218–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.005
Rubio, M., Bousquet, P. J., Gomes, E., Romano, A., & Demoly, P. (2012). Results of drug hypersensitivity evaluations in a large group of children and adults. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 42(1), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03857
Charan, J., & Biswas, T. (2013). How to calculate sample size for different study designs in medical research? Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 35(2), 121–126. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.116232
Thong, B. Y. H., & Tan, T. C. (2011). Epidemiology and risk factors for drug allergy. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 71(5), 684–700. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03774.x
Pichler, W. J. (2003). Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139(8), 683–693. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-8-200310210-00011
Torres, M. J., Romano, A., & Blanca, M. (2019). Drug hypersensitivity: Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 7(5), 1533–1545.
Gutiérrez-Brito, J. A., Lomelí-Nieto, J. Á., Muñoz-Valle, J. F., Oregon-Romero, E., Corona-Angeles, J. A., & Hernández-Bello, J. (2024). Sex hormones and allergies: exploring the gender differences in immune responses. In Frontiers in Allergy (Vol. 5). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2024.1483919
Kališnik, T., et al. (2019). Hormonal influence on immune response: A review. Immunologic Research, 67(3), 165–172.
Pichler, W. J. (2023). Viral infections and drug hypersensitivity. Allergy, 78(4), 859–877. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15558
Mori, F., Saretta, F., Riscassi, S., Caimmi, S., Bottau, P., Liotti, L., Franceschini, F., Bianchi, A., Valluzzi, R. L., Crisafulli, G., & Caffarelli, C. (2024). Risk factors for drug hypersensitivity reactions in children. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 50, Article 127. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-024-01694-x
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.