Modern Strategies in Oncology: A Multidisciplinary Review of Innovative Cancer Therapies
Keywords:
Targeted therapy, Gene and cell-based therapy, CAR-T cells, Tumour microenvironment, Artificial intelligence, Nanotechnology, Microbiome-cancer axis, Precision oncologyAbstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy often cause severe side effects and still fail to cure many patients, leaving them with few options. Therefore, new, more precise and effective treatments are essential. In recent years, cancer therapy has improved significantly. For example, immunotherapies have been developed to help the immune system attack tumours, targeted drugs can attack specific genetic mutations in cancer cells, and new gene- or cell-based approaches such as CAR-T cell therapy have emerged. Researchers are also using artificial intelligence (AI) to improve cancer diagnosis, predict patient responses to treatments, and speed up drug discovery. At the same time, nanotechnology is playing a growing role in creating better systems for delivering cancer drugs directly to tumours. Looking ahead, research will focus on modifying the tumour microenvironment and understanding how the body’s microbiome affects cancer. Another promising strategy is to combine different therapies – for example, giving immunotherapy together with radiation – to improve outcomes. However, many challenges remain: tumours can develop resistance to treatment, therapies can have harmful side effects, and the newest treatments are often very expensive or hard for patients to access. Continued research and global collaboration are needed to overcome these obstacles. With sustained innovation and cooperation, future cancer care has the potential to become much more personalised, less toxic, and ultimately more effective for patients around the world
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