Bovine Amnion-Alginate Sponge As A Modern Wound Dressing: A Literature Review On Bioactive Scaffold Integration For Chronic Wound Management

Abstract

Chronic wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, and pressure sores, pose an increasing healthcare challenge owing to their ongoing inflammation, prolonged healing process, and elevated risk of infection. Conventional wound dressings often lack the bioactivity and structural versatility required to manage these complex conditions effectively. In response, bioengineered scaffolds that combine biological and physical functionalities have gained attention. This review focuses on the Bovine Amnion-Alginate Sponge (BAAS). This innovative composite wound dressing merges the biological potency of the bovine amniotic membrane (BAM) with the exudate-handling capabilities of alginate. BAM is rich in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), which support angiogenesis, immune modulation, and tissue regeneration. Alginate, a polysaccharide obtained from brown algae, creates a hydrophilic gel when crosslinked with calcium, allowing it to sustain a moist environment for wounds while effectively absorbing surplus exudate. When integrated into a porous sponge structure, BAAS facilitates oxygen diffusion, cellular migration, and scaffold integrity—qualities essential for chronic wound management. Because the composite breaks down naturally, stays affordable, and can be applied without specialized equipment, it is especially useful in clinics with limited resources. While encouraging lab and early animal tests support its safety and usefulness, further living-animal studies and formal human trials are still needed to confirm BAASs healing power and fine-tune the recipe. Overall, BAAS appears to move wound care forward by offering a living, sturdy patch that helps stubborn sores finally close.