Bone Marrow Aspirate and Trephine (BMAT): Navigating Challenges and Optimizing Diagnostic Yield - A Comprehensive Review

Authors

  • Haram Awadelkarim
  • Bahariah Khalid
  • Rahayu Mohd Eusni
  • Osama Ali Altayeb

Abstract

The Bone Marrow Aspirate and Trephine biopsy (BMAT) procedure is fundamental for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring hematological and non-hematological disorders. Achieving a comprehensive morphological evaluation often requires a multi-faceted approach, including aspirate smears, trephine biopsy, imprint preparations, spicule crush, and clot preparations. (1,2)

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the BMAT procedure, highlighting common challenges encountered in obtaining adequate and representative samples and critically evaluating evidence-based strategies to optimize diagnostic yield. We synthesize current literature, including best practice guidelines from the International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH), alongside clinical experience, to enhance the understanding of clinicians and medical students. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of common discrepancies and propose mitigation strategies to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management

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References

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Published

2025-07-10

How to Cite

1.
Awadelkarim H, Khalid B, Eusni RM, Altayeb OA. Bone Marrow Aspirate and Trephine (BMAT): Navigating Challenges and Optimizing Diagnostic Yield - A Comprehensive Review. J Neonatal Surg [Internet]. 2025Jul.10 [cited 2025Oct.13];14(32S):4815-23. Available from: https://www.jneonatalsurg.com/index.php/jns/article/view/8189

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 32S (2025): Journal of Neonatal Surgery

Section

Original Article

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