Recent Developments in Vaccine Development for Viral Diseases: Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19
Keywords:
N\AAbstract
Viral diseases pose significant threats to global health, often requiring rapid development of vaccines to mitigate outbreaks. The recent advancements in vaccine technologies, such as mRNA platforms, vector-based vaccines, and protein subunit vaccines, have revolutionized approaches to combating diseases like Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19. This paper reviews the scientific progress, challenges, and future directions in vaccine development for these diseases, emphasizing their unique epidemiological contexts and technological innovations
Downloads
References
Feldmann, H., & Geisbert, T. W. (2011). Ebola haemorrhagic fever. The Lancet, 377(9768), 849–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60667-8
Kuhn, J. H., et al. (2019). Filoviruses: A compendium of 40 years of epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies. Archives of Virology Supplement, 20, 13–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1366-3_2
WHO. (2021). Ebola virus disease. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease
Henao-Restrepo, A. M., et al. (2017). Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: Final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ça Suffit!). The Lancet, 389(10068), 505–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32621-6
Piot, P., et al. (2014). Ebola in West Africa: From disease outbreak to humanitarian crisis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 14(11), 1034–1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70939-8
Petersen, L. R., Jamieson, D. J., Powers, A. M., & Honein, M. A. (2016). Zika virus. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(16), 1552–1563. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1602113
Musso, D., & Gubler, D. J. (2016). Zika virus. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 29(3), 487–524. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00072-15
Fauci, A. S., & Morens, D. M. (2016). Zika virus in the Americas—Yet another arbovirus threat. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(7), 601–604. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1600297
Faria, N. R., et al. (2016). Zika virus in the Americas: Early epidemiological and genetic findings. Science, 352(6283), 345–349. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf5036
Zhou, P., et al. (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579(7798), 270–273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
Hu, B., Guo, H., Zhou, P., & Shi, Z. L. (2021). Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 19(3), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7
Gandhi, R. T., Lynch, J. B., & Del Rio, C. (2020). Mild or moderate COVID-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(18), 1757–1766. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp2009249
World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
Polack, F. P., et al. (2020). Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(27), 2603–2615. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
