A Review On The Role Of Lekhana And Medohara Plants From Nighantus In Preventing And Managing Sthoulya (Obesity)

Abstract

Obesity, or Sthoulya, has emerged as a major global public health issue, characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It contributes significantly to non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, osteoarthritis, and certain cancers. Modern medical approaches often focus on pharmacological interventions and bariatric surgeries, which may have limitations and side effects. Ayurveda, the ancient science of life, offers a holistic understanding of obesity, classifying it as a Santarpanajanya Vyadhi, primarily resulting from Kapha Dosha and Medo Dhatu vitiation. Ayurvedic texts emphasize the use of drugs with Lekhana (scraping), Medohara (fat-reducing), and Karshana (slimming) properties in the management of Sthoulya. The Nighantus—Ayurvedic lexicons such as Bhavaprakasha, Dhanvantari Nighantu, and Raj Nighantu—enumerate various herbs known for these effects. Notable examples include Triphala, Guduchi, Haritaki, Mustaka, Chitraka, and Vrikshamla. These herbs act through multiple mechanisms such as enhancing Agni (digestive fire), promoting lipolysis, regulating appetite, and correcting metabolic imbalances.This review critically evaluates the therapeutic potential of Lekhana and Medohara herbs from classical sources and correlates their pharmacodynamics with modern scientific evidence. The integration of Ayurvedic principles with modern pharmacological insights, including studies on anti-obesity, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic properties, suggests a promising, safe, and sustainable approach to obesity management. A multidimensional strategy incorporating diet, lifestyle, and herbal interventions rooted in Ayurveda can significantly contribute to combating the obesity epidemic.