A Comprehensive Study Of Sandhi Sharir In Ayurveda With Special Reference To The Applied Anatomy Of The Knee Joint

Authors

  • Mahesh Kumar
  • Priyanka
  • S. S. Gupta

Keywords:

Sandhi Sharir, Janu Sandhi, Knee Joint, Ayurveda, Applied Anatomy, Osteoarthritis, Marma, Shleshaka Kapha

Abstract

Sandhi Sharir, as described in Ayurveda, refers to the anatomical and functional junctions where two or more bones meet, ensuring mobility, stability, and coordinated body movements. These structures are sustained by the balanced function of doshas, dhatus, and upadhatus, particularly the role of Shleshaka Kapha in lubrication and smooth articulation. Among all Sandhis, the Janu Sandhi (knee joint) holds paramount importance due to its role in weight-bearing, locomotion, and postural stability. Classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya detail its structural composition, functional attributes, and its classification as a marma (vital point), underlining its clinical significance in trauma and degenerative conditions.In modern anatomy, the knee joint is recognized as the largest synovial hinge joint, comprising femoro-tibial and femoro-patellar articulations, stabilized by ligaments, menisci, muscles, and a synovial capsule. This review correlates Ayurvedic and biomedical perspectives of Janu Sandhi, exploring the synergy between traditional descriptions and contemporary anatomical and biomechanical insights. It also discusses common pathologies such as osteoarthritis, ligament injuries, and inflammatory disorders, alongside preventive and therapeutic approaches from both disciplines. Ayurvedic interventions, including abhyanga (therapeutic oil massage), swedana (sudation), vasti (medicated enema), and rasayana therapy, are examined in light of their potential to maintain joint health and improve functional outcomes. By integrating classical concepts with modern applied anatomy, this review highlights the scope for interdisciplinary management strategies in knee joint disorders

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Sharma PV. Sushruta Samhita. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Visvabharati; 2014.

Standring S, editor. Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 42nd ed. London: Elsevier; 2020.

Murthy KRS. Charaka Samhita. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia; 2015.

Tortora GJ, Derrickson BH. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 15th ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2017.

Saladin KS. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2022.

Acharya YT. Sushruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha Commentary. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2017.

Tripathi B. Astanga Hridaya. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2014.

Dwivedi KN. Ayurvedic perspectives on musculoskeletal health. AYU. 2012;33(4):536–543.

Singh RH. The Ayurvedic System of Medicine. New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha; 1997.

Gogte VM. Ayurvedic Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses of Medicinal Plants. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan; 2000.

Platzer W. Color Atlas of Human Anatomy: Locomotor System. 7th ed. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2018.

Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2018.

Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Robbins Basic Pathology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020.

Marieb EN, Hoehn K. Human Anatomy & Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken: Pearson; 2019.

Palastanga N, Field D, Soames R. Anatomy and Human Movement. 7th ed. London: Elsevier; 2021.

Flandry F, Hommel G. Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2011;19(2):82–92.

Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S. Osteoarthritis. Lancet. 2019;393(10182):1745–1759.

Patwardhan B, Warude D, Pushpangadan P, Bhatt N. Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine: a comparative overview. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2005;2(4):465–473..

Downloads

Published

2025-08-12

How to Cite

1.
Kumar M, Priyanka P, Gupta SS. A Comprehensive Study Of Sandhi Sharir In Ayurveda With Special Reference To The Applied Anatomy Of The Knee Joint. J Neonatal Surg [Internet]. 2025Aug.12 [cited 2025Sep.13];14(32S):7480-5. Available from: https://www.jneonatalsurg.com/index.php/jns/article/view/8857

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 32S (2025): Journal of Neonatal Surgery

Section

Original Article

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

You are free to:

  • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

Terms:

  • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.