Formulation, Development and Evaluation of The Floating Delivery Using Antiretroviral Ritonavir Tablets: A Comparative Study on Bhara Gum, Albizia Gum, Mesquite Gum as Rate Controlling Polymers

Authors

  • Mohan Koteswara Rao Sandu
  • Beduin Mahanti
  • Shaik Harun Rasheed

Keywords:

Bioavailability, Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS), Floating lag time,Ritonavir, Total floating time

Abstract

Gastroretention plays a vital role for drugs absorbed in the stomach or upper intestine, those unstable in alkaline pH, or degraded in the gut. This study evaluated natural gums (Bhara, Grewia, and Mesquite) for their physicochemical properties and potential in gastroretentive drug delivery, comparing them with synthetic polymers (HPMC K4M, K15M, K100M). Floating tablets were prepared by wet granulation and direct compression, then tested for hardness, friability, floating behavior, dissolution, stability, and in vivo pharmacokinetics.

Ritonavir formulations were studied in 0.1 N HCl for 24 hours. Bhara gum–based tablets (RTB series) showed prolonged release, with RTB2 achieving ~99% release at 24 hours, while Albizia (RTA2) and Mesquite (RTM2) reached complete release within 12–16 hours. At equal polymer levels (75 mg), Bhara gum sustained release for 24 hours, whereas Albizia and Mesquite required higher amounts to maintain extended release.

Overall, Bhara gum emerged as the most efficient natural polymer, achieving controlled release with lower concentrations and enhancing Ritonavir’s gastroretentive performance.

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Published

2025-09-10

How to Cite

1.
Koteswara Rao Sandu M, Mahanti B, Harun Rasheed S. Formulation, Development and Evaluation of The Floating Delivery Using Antiretroviral Ritonavir Tablets: A Comparative Study on Bhara Gum, Albizia Gum, Mesquite Gum as Rate Controlling Polymers. J Neonatal Surg [Internet]. 2025Sep.10 [cited 2025Sep.11];14(3):303-15. Available from: https://www.jneonatalsurg.com/index.php/jns/article/view/9110

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Neonatal Surgery

Section

Original Article

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