Influence of Diabetes on Dental Implant Survival and Peri-implant Health: A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63682/jns.v14i4S.9418Keywords:
N\AAbstract
Dental implants have become a reliable solution for replacing missing teeth, offering long-term functional and esthetic outcomes. However, systemic metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus (DM) remain a significant concern in implant dentistry. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from approximately 100 studies published between 2000 and 2025, aiming to evaluate how diabetes—particularly glycemic control—affects implant survival, osseointegration, and peri-implant health. The review analyzes human clinical data stratified by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, as well as mechanistic findings from molecular and histological research.
The results indicate that well-controlled diabetic patients (HbA1c <7%) achieve implant survival rates of 95–96% at 5 years and 92–94% at 10 years, comparable to non-diabetic individuals. In contrast, poorly controlled diabetes (HbA1c ≥8%) is associated with significantly higher rates of early implant failure (6–8%), peri-implantitis (22–31%), and marginal bone loss averaging 0.58 mm/year compared to 0.16 mm/year in non-diabetic groups. The pathophysiological basis involves hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), altered bone remodeling, and microangiopathy that impairs tissue healing. Preventive strategies including meticulous glycemic control, microinvasive surgical techniques, bioactive implant surfaces, and intensive maintenance protocols can mitigate these risks.
This review integrates findings from over 100 clinical and mechanistic studies to identify glycemic thresholds for predictable implant success and defines evidence-based maintenance protocols for diabetic individuals.
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