Developing a Therapeutic Protocol: Integrating Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Hypnotic Suggestion Based on Lao Tzu's Principles for Anxiety Disorders

Authors

  • Ashish Semwal
  • Tripti Juyal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63682/jns.v14i7.8148

Keywords:

Anxiety Disorders, Taoism, Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching, Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), Clinical Hypnosis, Hypnotic Suggestion, Integrative Therapy, Mind-Body Medicine, Wu Wei, Stress Reduction, Therapeutic Protocol, Somatic Psychology, Existential Psychol

Abstract

Feeling anxious is a big deal for many people around the globe. It can seriously get in the way of enjoying life and functioning well, which means we constantly need to find new, whole-person, and individual-focused ways to help. This paper introduces the idea and basic design for a new therapy approach called the Tao-PMR-Hypnosis (TPH) protocol. It’s all about easing the complex symptoms of anxiety by blending a few powerful techniques: the body-calming benefits of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), the mind-reshaping abilities of clinical hypnosis using specific suggestions, and the guiding wisdom of Lao Tzu's ancient book, the Tao Te Ching. Key ideas from Taoism that shape this TPH protocol include "wu wei" (like effortless action or letting things unfold naturally), the strength found in being gentle and flexible ("rou"), the peace that comes from simplicity ("pu"), and the overall goal of living in harmony with nature's way (the Tao).

First, this paper takes a look at anxiety itself—what it feels like, where it comes from, and some of the downsides or difficulties with current common treatments like medication or standard talk therapies. Then, it dives into some key Taoist ideas and how they can help us understand and change the experience of anxiety. After that, we’ll explore PMR and clinical hypnosis as therapies, looking at their history, how they work, what’s usually involved, and how effective they are for anxiety and stress.

The main part of this paper explains the proposed TPH protocol in detail: its core ideas, how it would be structured in phases, the specific techniques used in each phase, and ideas for how sessions could look in a clinical setting. This approach aims to see anxiety not just as a bunch of symptoms to get rid of, but as a deeper sign that our mind, body, and spirit are out of balance. The TPH protocol suggests that we can gently but powerfully restore this balance by learning to find deep inner calm, become more mentally flexible, release physical tension while becoming more aware of our bodies, and live more consciously in tune with universal principles of natural balance, effortless living, and self-kindness. We’ll use some fictional examples to show how it might work, and then talk honestly about the potential benefits, possible drawbacks, and important ethical things to keep in mind. Finally, we’ll suggest what kind of research is needed to really test and improve the TPH protocol. By creatively mixing timeless wisdom with proven modern techniques, the TPH protocol hopes to offer a kind, respectful, and deeply healing path for reducing anxiety and helping people live fuller, more peaceful lives

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Adler, Joseph A. "The Taoist Concept of Wu-wei." Religious Studies Thesis, Illinois Wesleyan U, 1974. Digital Commons @ IWU, digitalcommons.iwu.edu/religious_studies_theses/2.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed., American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.

Andrews, Gavin, et al. The Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: Clinician's Guide and Patient Manuals. 2nd ed., Cambridge UP, 2003.

Bandelow, Borwin, and Sophie Michaelis. “Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders in the 21st Century.” Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, vol. 17, no. 3, 2015, pp. 327–35.

Barlow, David H. Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic. 2nd ed., Guilford Press, 2002.

Baxter, Amanda J., et al. “Global Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression.” Psychological Medicine, vol. 43, no. 5, 2013, pp. 897-910. Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/S003329171200147X.

Beck, Aaron T., and Gary Emery, with Ruth L. Greenberg. Anxiety Disorders and Phobias: A Cognitive Perspective. Basic Books, 1985.

Borkovec, Thomas D., et al. “The Nature of Worry in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Predominance of Thought Activity.” Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 28, no. 2, 1990, pp. 153-58. Elsevier, doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90035-U.

Cannon, Walter B. Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage: An Account of Recent Researches into the Function of Emotional Excitement. D. Appleton and Company, 1915.

Chan, Wing-Tsit, translator and compiler. A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton UP, 1963.

Chen, H. M. "Taoism and the Mental Health of Chinese People." International Journal of Social Psychiatry, vol. 37, no. 1, 1991, pp. 65-68. SAGE Journals, doi:10.1177/002076409103700108.

Chrousos, George P. "Stress and Disorders of the Stress System." Nature Reviews Endocrinology, vol. 5

Chrousos, George P. "Stress and Disorders of the Stress System." Nature Reviews Endocrinology, vol. 5, no. 7, 2009, pp. 374-81. Nature, doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.106.

Clark, David M. “A Cognitive Approach to Panic.” Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 24, no. 4, 1986, pp. 461–70. Elsevier, doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90011-2.

---. "Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders: Science and Practice." Anxiety Disorders: Toward a Paradigm Shift in Understanding and Treatment, edited by David H. Barlow, Oxford UP, 2002, pp. 109-130. (Note: Entry assumes David M. Clark is the primary author of this chapter. If it's Clark and Beck, the entry would start with "Clark, David M., and Aaron T. Beck.")

Cohen, Sheldon, et al. "Psychological Stress and Disease." JAMA, vol. 298, no. 14, 2007, pp. 1685-87. JAMA Network, doi:10.1001/jama.298.14.1685.

Craske, Michelle G., et al. Mastery of Your Anxiety and Worry: Therapist Guide. 2nd ed., Oxford UP, 2006.

Engel, George L. "The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine." Science, vol. 196, no. 4286, 1977, pp. 129-36. AAAS, doi:10.1126/science.847460.

Feng, Gia-Fu, and Jane English, translators. Introduction. Tao Te Ching, by Lao Tzu, Vintage Books, 1972.

Hammond, D. Corydon, editor. Handbook of Hypnotic Suggestions and Metaphors. W. W. Norton & Company, 1990.

Hayes, Steven C., et al. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: The Process and Practice of Mindful Change. 2nd ed., Guilford Press, 2011.

Hofmann, Stefan G., et al. “The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses.” Cognitive Therapy and Research, vol. 36, no. 5, 2012, pp. 427–40. SpringerLink, doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1.

Jacobson, Edmund. Progressive Relaxation. U of Chicago P, 1938.

Kabat-Zinn, Jon. Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness. Revised ed., Dell Publishing, 2013.

Kirmayer, Laurence J. "Cultural Variations in the Clinical Presentation of Depression and Anxiety: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, vol. 62, suppl. 13, 2001, pp. 22-28.

Lao Tzu. Tao Te Ching. Translated by Gia-Fu Feng and Jane English, Vintage Books, 1972.

---. Tao Te Ching. Translated by Stephen Mitchell, Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2006.

Loy, David. "Wei-wu-wei: Nondual Action." Philosophy East and West, vol. 35, no. 1, 1985, pp. 73-86. JSTOR, doi:10.2307/1398682.

Lynn, Steven Jay, et al. “Hypnosis as an Empirically Supported Clinical Intervention: The State of the Evidence and a Look to the Future.” International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, vol. 60, no. 3, 2012, pp. 251-70. Taylor & Francis Online, doi:10.1080/00207144.2012.690559.

McEwen, Bruce S. “Physiology and Neurobiology of Stress and Adaptation: Central Role of the Brain.” Physiological Reviews, vol. 87, no. 3, 2007, pp. 873-904. American Physiological Society, doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2007.

Mitchell, Stephen. Introduction. Tao Te Ching, by Lao Tzu, translated by Stephen Mitchell, Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2006, pp. ix-xii.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder in Adults: Management. Clinical Guideline CG113, 2011, nice.org.uk/guidance/cg113.

Öhman, Arne. "Fear and Anxiety: Evolutionary, Cognitive, and Clinical Perspectives." Handbook of Emotions, edited by Michael Lewis et al., 3rd ed., Guilford Press, 2008, pp. 709-29.

Olatunji, Bunmi O., et al. "The Effects of Comorbid Anxiety and Depression on Quality of Life: A Meta-Analytic Review." Psychological Medicine, vol. 37, no. 5, 2007, pp. 617-26. Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/S003329170600959X.

Payne, R. A. Relaxation Techniques: A Practical Handbook for the Health Care Professional. 4th ed., Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2010.

Puterman, Eli, et al. "The Association Between Perceived Stress and Telomere Length in High-Stress Women." Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol. 35, no. 4, 2010, pp. 574-82. Elsevier, doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.09.009.

Reiss, Steven, and Richard J. McNally. "Expectancy Model of Fear." Theoretical Issues in Behavior Therapy, edited by Steven Reiss and Richard R. Bootzin, Academic Press, 1985, pp. 107-21.

Salkovskis, Paul M. "The Importance of Behaviour in the Maintenance of Anxiety and Panic: A Cognitive Account." Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 29, no. 1, 1991, pp. 60-63. Elsevier, doi:10.1016/0005-7967(91)90048-Q.

Sapolsky, Robert M. Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers: The Acclaimed Guide to Stress, Stress-Related Diseases, and Coping. 3rd ed., Holt Paperbacks, 2004.

Slingerland, Edward. Effortless Action: Wu-wei as Conceptual Metaphor and Spiritual Ideal in Early China. Oxford UP, 2003.

Stein, Dan J., et al. "Pharmacotherapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review." Archives of General Psychiatry, vol. 59, no. 4, 2002, pp. 309-17. (DOI should be verified if available for precise citation).

Tillich, Paul. The Courage to Be. Yale UP, 1952.

Walsh, Roger, and Shauna L. Shapiro. “The Meeting of Meditative Disciplines and Western Psychology: A Mutually Enriching Dialogue.” American Psychologist, vol. 61, no. 3, 2006, pp. 227–39. APA PsycNet, doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.3.227.

Watts, Alan. Tao: The Watercourse Way. Pantheon Books, 1975.

Wells, Adrian. Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders: A Practice Manual and Conceptual Guide. John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

Yalom, Irvin D. Existential Psychotherapy. Basic Books, 1980.

Yonkers, Kimberly A., et al. “Symptomatic Improvement in Long-Term Attentive-Management of Generalized Anxiety Disorder.” Archives of General Psychiatry, vol. 57, no. 5, 2000, pp. 481-88. JAMA Network, doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.5.481.

Downloads

Published

2025-07-09

How to Cite

1.
Semwal A, Juyal T. Developing a Therapeutic Protocol: Integrating Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Hypnotic Suggestion Based on Lao Tzu’s Principles for Anxiety Disorders. J Neonatal Surg [Internet]. 2025Jul.9 [cited 2025Sep.25];14(7):1289-96. Available from: https://www.jneonatalsurg.com/index.php/jns/article/view/8148