Evaluation The Effect Cytotoxicity and Program Cell Death of Bauhinia variegata Volatile Oil

Abstract

Lung cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer found in the world, and it remains a significant global health concern, despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. The exploration of new anti cancer agents derived from plants has emerged as a promising trend in scientific research. Phytochemicals are considered selective in their effects and are generally less harmful to normal cells compared to conventional cancer treatments. In the present study, flowers of Bauhinia variegata were gathered from Baghdad in the spring of 2024, and volatile oil was extracted by using Clavenger. Cytotoxic effects of volatile oil were assessed through MTT assay against lung cancer cell lines A549 and REF normal cell line at 24,48and 72 h, and using four different concentrations. The result showed that the highest cytotoxicity of volatile oil at 100 μg/ml was 86.1% at 72h. While the lowest inhibition rate was 11.25% in the 25 μg/ml after 24 h of treatment. In contrast, it could hardly inhibit the proliferation of normal cells although volatility oil had slight inhibition on them as its max inhibition rate (11.7%) at 72 h was only obtained when attend with volatile oil of 100 μg/ml and min inhibition rat was also low (2.266%) at 24 h when attend with volatile oil of 25 μg/ml. A validated of reducing cell viability was down by using AO/EtBr, which means apoptosis was induced in A549cell treated with volatile oil  but there is no react in REF cell. At the gene expression level, the flow cytometery technique was used to determine the increase in gene expression of P53 and so it coincided with apoptosis occurring in cancer cells exposed to the volatile oil. The volatile oil didn’t cause the P53 gene to express in REF cells. activity of mitochondria was examined using Rh 123 dye during flow cytometry testing with volatile oil in the treatment of cancer cells. mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced efficacy, leading to cell death, as evidenced by the dimmer fluorescence caused by cancer cell the programmed cell dead process. Conversely, in REF cells, the mitochondria remain vibrant and active regardless of volatile oil treatment.