The Role of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) Membrane in Regulating Interleukin (IL)-1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression in Strabismus Surgery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.1871Keywords:
Strabismus Surgery, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Interleukin, Platelet Rich FibrinAbstract
Strabismus surgery is a common procedure for correcting ocular misalignment. However, a major challenge in achieving optimal surgical outcomes is the risk of excessive postoperative inflammation, which can lead to fibrosis. This inflammatory response is primarily driven by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-1 and pro-angiogenic factors like Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). While these mediators are essential for wound healing by promoting fibroblast activity, angiogenesis, and vascular permeability, their uncontrolled expression may result in excessive fibrosis, ultimately impairing ocular motility. A promising solution is the use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) membrane, a second-generation platelet concentrate with both anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. A review of existing literature highlights PRF’s potential in enhancing wound healing. Despite its well-documented benefits in various surgical fields, its application in ophthalmic procedures, including strabismus surgery, remains underexplored. Given these promising findings, further research on PRF’s role in strabismus surgery is warranted. This study aims to investigate the effect of PRF on IL-1 and VEGF expression, offering insights into its potential as an alternative strategy for improving surgical outcomes. PRF is expected to be a promising approach for reducing inflammation, preventing excessive fibrosis, and minimizing postoperative complications in strabismus surgery. However, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to validate its effectiveness.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Edelman PM. Functional Benefits of Adult Strabismus Surgery. Am Orthopt J. 2010 Jan;60(1):43–7.
Muire PJ, Mangum LH, Wenke JC. Time Course of Immune Response and Immunomodulation During Normal and Delayed Healing of Musculoskeletal Wounds. Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 4;11:1056.
Kaneko N, Kurata M, Yamamoto T, Morikawa S, Masumoto J. The role of interleukin-1 in general pathology. Inflamm Regen. 2019 Dec;39(1):12.
Ghatak S, Hascall VC, Rodriguez RM, Markwald RR, Misra S. Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Fibrosis. In: Turksen K, editor. Wound Healing. 1st ed. Wiley; 2018. p. 195–209.
Kersey JP, Vivian AJ. Mitomycin and Amniotic Membrane: A New Method of Reducing Adhesions and Fibrosis in Strabismus Surgery. Strabismus. 2008 Jan;16(3):116–8.
Yang JW, Heo MS, Lee CH, Moon SW, Min BH, Choi BH, et al. The effect of the cell-derived extracellular matrix membrane on wound adhesions in rabbit strabismus surgery. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2014 Apr;11(2):155–62.
Lee JH, Kang NY. Comparison of Fibrin Glue and Sutures for Conjunctival Wound Closure in Strabismus Surgery. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011;25(3):178.
Kassem RR, Gawdat GI, Zedan RH. Severe fibrosis of extraocular muscles after the use of lyophilized amniotic membrane in strabismus surgery. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2010 Dec;14(6):548–9.
Roy S, Driggs J, Elgharably H, Biswas S, Findley M, Khanna S, et al. Platelet‐rich fibrin matrix improves wound angiogenesis via inducing endothelial cell proliferation. Wound Repair Regen. 2011 Nov;19(6):753–66.
Velnar T, Bailey T, Smrkolj V. The Wound Healing Process: An Overview of the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. J Int Med Res. 2009 Oct;37(5):1528–42.
Cañedo-Dorantes L, Cañedo-Ayala M. Skin Acute Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Inflamm. 2019 Jun 2;2019:1–15.
Rodrigues M, Kosaric N, Bonham CA, Gurtner GC. Wound Healing: A Cellular Perspective. Physiol Rev. 2019 Jan 1;99(1):665–706.
Gonzalez ACDO, Costa TF, Andrade ZDA, Medrado ARAP. Wound healing - A literature review. An Bras Dermatol. 2016 Oct;91(5):614–20.
Cialdai F, Risaliti C, Monici M. Role of fibroblasts in wound healing and tissue remodeling on Earth and in space. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Oct 4;10:958381.
Farid MF, Mahmoud MR, Awwad MA. Management of stretched scar– induced secondary strabismus. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020 Dec;20(1):58.
Tugcu B, Bayraktar H, Ekinci C, Kucukodaci Z, Tunali M, Nuhoglu F. The effect of platelet-rich fibrin on wound healing following strabismus surgery. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2022 Apr 3;41(2):168–73.
Huang YT, Lin SC, Huang LY, Rujikajorn K, Chen PY (Jay), Chen JJY, et al. Incidence, Risk Factors and Management of Postoperative Complications in Horizontal Strabismus Surgery. Semin Ophthalmol. 2024 Feb 17;39(2):143–9.
Özkan SB. Restrictive problems related to strabismus surgery. Taiwan J Ophthalmol. 2016 Sep;6(3):102–7.
Dinarello CA. Overview of the IL ‐1 family in innate inflammation and acquired immunity. Immunol Rev. 2018 Jan;281(1):8–27.
Chamberlain CS, Leiferman EM, Frisch KE, Brickson SL, Murphy WL, Baer GS, et al. Interleukin Expression after Injury and the Effects of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist. Androulakis IP, editor. PLoS ONE. 2013 Aug 1;8(8):e71631.
Chun BY, Rhiu S. Cryopreserved rabbit amniotic membrane alleviated inflammatory response and fibrosis following experimental strabismus surgery in rabbits. Tseng S, editor. PLOS ONE. 2017 Oct 24;12(10):e0187058.
Solomon A, Dursun D, Liu Z, Xie Y, Macri A, Pflugfelder SC. Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Forms of Interleukin-1 in the Tear Fluid and Conjunctiva of Patients with Dry-Eye Disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42(10).
Cursiefen C, Chen L, Borges LP, Jackson D, Cao J, Radziejewski C, et al. VEGF-A stimulates lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis in inflammatory neovascularization via macrophage recruitment. J Clin Invest. 2004 Apr 1;113(7):1040–50.
Chakraborty MP, Das D, Mondal P, Kaul P, Bhattacharyya S, Kumar Das P, et al. Molecular basis of VEGFR1 autoinhibition at the plasma membrane. Nat Commun. 2024 Feb 14;15(1):1346.
Yamakawa S, Hayashida K. Advances in surgical applications of growth factors for wound healing. Burns Trauma. 2019 Dec 1;7:s41038-019-0148–1.
Dohan DM, Choukroun J, Diss A, Dohan SL, Dohan AJJ, Mouhyi J, et al. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): A second-generation platelet concentrate. Part I: Technological concepts and evolution. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology. 2006 Mar;101(3):e37–44.
Serafini G, Lopreiato M, Lollobrigida M, Lamazza L, Mazzucchi G, Fortunato L, et al. Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Its Related Products: Biomolecular Characterization of the Liquid Fibrinogen. J Clin Med. 2020 Apr 12;9(4):1099.
Can ME, Çakmak HB, Dereli Can G, Ünverdi H, Toklu Y, Hücemenoğlu S. A Novel Technique for Conjunctivoplasty in a Rabbit Model: Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membrane Grafting. J Ophthalmol. 2016;2016:1–11.
Ramadhan A, Agustini L, Hermawan D, Zuhria I, Prastyani R, Notobroto HB, et al. Effect of Platelet Rich Fibrin Membrane (PRF) or Conjunctival Autograft on VEGF Expression and Microvascular Density Post Conjunctival Excision. J Med Chem Sci. 2024;7(2):374–82.
Karisma INA, Sasono W, Fatmariyanti S. The role of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) membrane and conjunctival autograft on TGF-β and collagen type 1 expression in conjunctival wound healing: a literature review. Bali Med J. 2023 May 17;12(2):1612–21.
Marisa SA, Prastyani R, Nurwasis, Plumeriastuti H, Utomo B. The Effect of PlateleRich Fibrin (PRF) Membrane on IL-1 and TNF-α Expression in The Cornea After Sodium Hydroxide Exposure. Bali Med J. 2023;12(2):1347–52.
Peiffer RL, Pohm-Thorsen L, Corcoran K. Models in Ophthalmology and Vision Research. In: The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbit. Elsevier; 1994. p. 409–33.
Davis FA. THE ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE EYE AND ORBIT OF THE RABBIT. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1929;27th ed:2–441.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
