Pharmacological evaluation of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in rats
Keywords:
Ulcerative Colitis, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis, Anti –oxidantsAbstract
Objective: The present work is aimed to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis (HEPM) against acetic acid induced Ulcerative Colitis (UC) in rats.
Methods: Male wistar rats (150–200 g) were divided into five groups: normal control group animals received normal saline for 8 days, disease control group animals received normal saline for 8 days and acetic acid (1ml of 4% v/v) on day 4 via rectally, standard group animals received sulfasalazine 500 mg/kg orally and acetic acid (1ml of 4% v/v) on day 4 via rectally, test group I and test group II animals received the HAEPM at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg bw respectively orally for 8 days and acetic acid (1ml of 4% v/v) on day 4 via rectally. At the end of study, Disease severity was assessed using the Disease Activity Index (DAI), macroscopic scoring, estimation of biochemical parameters (SOD, GSH, MDA, MPO), and histopathology of colon tissue were performed
Results: Disease control group rats showed the significant weight loss, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and significant increase in oxidative stress markers (MDA, MPO) while significant reduction in antioxidant levels (SOD, GSH). HAEPM treated rats, particularly at 400 mg/kg, significantly mitigated these effects through improvement in DAI scores, Reduced weight loss, stool consistency abnormalities, and rectal bleeding, macroscopic scoring and normalization of anti – oxidant parameters. Histopathological examination revealed that HAEPM preserved mucosal integrity, reduced edema, comparable to disease control animals. The findings suggest that HAEPM exerts protective effects against Ulcerative colitis through its antioxidant mechanisms, likely due to abundant presence of polyphenolic compounds
Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatens is demonstrated significant efficacy in alleviating acetic acid-induced colitis in rats, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Further studies are needed to validate its post-treatment benefits and explore its efficacy in other experimental colitis models mimicking human IBD.
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