Thyroid Function and Renal Biomarker Correlation in Euthyroid and Hypothyroid Pregnant Women: A Comparative Analysis
Keywords:
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), Serum Creatinine, Hypothyroidism, Euthyroid, Pregnancy, Renal Function, Electro-chemiluminescenceAbstract
Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, is a prevalent endocrine disorder during pregnancy that significantly affects maternal and fetal health. Thyroid hormones also influence renal physiology, making the assessment of renal markers crucial in hypothyroid pregnancies.
Objectives: To estimate serum creatinine levels in euthyroid and hypothyroid pregnant women and assess their correlation with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 200 pregnant women, comprising 100 newly diagnosed hypothyroid (cases) and 100 euthyroid (controls), aged 20–40 years. TSH was measured using electro-chemiluminescence (Cobas e411), and serum creatinine was assessed by the Modified Jaffe’s method. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v20.0.
Results: Mean serum TSH was significantly lower in hypothyroid cases (1.32 ± 0.89 μIU/ml) compared to controls (2.28 ± 0.91 μIU/ml, p = 0.002). Mean serum creatinine was significantly higher in cases (0.87 ± 0.41 mg/dl) versus controls (0.55 ± 0.17 mg/dl, p = 0.001). A significant correlation was found between TSH and serum creatinine levels in hypothyroid patients.
Conclusion: Hypothyroidism in pregnancy is associated with elevated serum creatinine, indicating renal function impairment. Regular monitoring of thyroid and renal parameters is essential for optimal maternal and fetal outcomes
Downloads
References
Greenspan FS. The thyroid gland. In: Greenspan FS, Gardner DG, editors. Basic & Clinical Endocrinology. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2004. p. 215–294.
Liberopoulos EN, Elisaf MS. Dyslipidemia in patients with thyroid disorders. Hormones (Athens). 2002;1(4):218–26.
Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, et al. 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum. Thyroid. 2017;27(3):315–389.
Heuer H, Visser TJ. Pathophysiological importance of thyroid hormone transporters. Endocrinology. 2009;150(3):1078–83.
Chapman AB, Abraham WT, Zamudio S. Temporal relationships between hormonal and hemodynamic changes in early human pregnancy. Kidney Int. 1998;54:2056–63.
Kreisman SH, Hennessey JV. Consistent reversible elevations of serum creatinine levels in severe hypothyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:79–82.
Iglesias P, Diez JJ. Thyroid dysfunction and kidney disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160:503–15.
Rajagopalan B, Dolia PB, Arumalla VK, Reddy SV. Renal function markers and thyroid hormone status in undialyzed chronic kidney disease. Al Ameen J Med Sci. 2013;6(1):70–74.
Sidhu GK, Malek RR, Khubchandani A, et al. A study of serum urea, creatinine and uric acid levels in hypothyroid patients. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016;5(2):115–8.
Mahantesh BB, Shankarprasad DS, Sangappa VK, et al. Evaluation of serum creatinine in subclinical hypothyroidism: A case–control study. Int J Clin Biochem Res. 2015;2(3):182–184.
Shilpa M, Raghunandana R. Case-control study of renal function in patients with hypothyroidism attending tertiary care hospital. MedPulse Int J Biochem. 2021;20(1):1–4.
Iglesias P, Díez JJ. Thyroid dysfunction and kidney disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160(4):503–15.
Srivastava S, Ramesh V, Gupta N. Correlation of thyroid hormone profile with biochemical markers of renal function in patients with undialyzed chronic kidney disease. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018;22(3):316–320.
Abdelrahman M, Elamin A, Hassan R. Thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women and its impact on pregnancy outcome. Sudan J Med Sci. 2020;15(3):123–30.
Kumar A, Agarwal A, Devi SG, Rani A, Prasad S, Sharma S. Thyroid hormones and pregnancy. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011;15(Suppl 2):S276–81.
Rai R, Rai M, Ghosh K, Chatterjee T. Thyroid profile and renal function in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2015;65(2):101–5.
Dillmann WH. Mechanisms of action of thyroid hormones. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2001;30(1):1–14.
Bhattacharjee R, Darbar D, Saha I, Chakraborty S, Roy A. Trimester-specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones in Indian pregnant women. J Thyroid Res. 2011;2011:236195.
Saki F, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Ghaemi SZ, Forouhari S, Ranjbar Omrani G, Bakhshayeshkaram M. Thyroid function in pregnancy and its influences on maternal and fetal outcomes. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;12(4):e19378.
Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, McIntire DD, Byrd W, Leveno KJ, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105(2):239–45.
Cleary-Goldman J, Malone FD, Lambert-Messerlian G, Sullivan L, Canick JA, Porter TF, et al. Maternal thyroid hypofunction and pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(1):85–92.
Soldin OP, Tractenberg RE, Hollowell JG, Jonklaas J, Janicic N, Soldin SJ. Trimester-specific changes in maternal thyroid hormone, thyrotropin, and thyroglobulin concentrations during gestation: trends and associations across trimesters. Thyroid. 2004;14(12):1084–90.
Zaki F, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Ghaemi SZ, Forouhari S, Ranjbar Omrani G, Bakhshayeshkaram M. Thyroid function in pregnancy and its influences on maternal and fetal outcomes. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;12(4):e19378.
Kumar A, Agarwal A, Devi SG, Rani A, Prasad S, Sharma S. Thyroid hormones and pregnancy. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011;15(Suppl 2):S276–81.
Bhattacharjee R, Darbar D, Saha I, Chakraborty S, Roy A. Trimester-specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones in Indian pregnant women. J Thyroid Res. 2011;2011:236195.
Rai R, Rai M, Ghosh K, Chatterjee T. Thyroid profile and renal function in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2015;65(2):101–5.
Dillmann WH. Mechanisms of action of thyroid hormones. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2001;30(1):1–14.
Cleary-Goldman J, Malone FD, Lambert-Messerlian G, Sullivan L, Canick JA, Porter TF, et al. Maternal thyroid hypofunction and pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(1):85–92.
..
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
